The liquid crystal display element

IPC classes for russian patent The liquid crystal display element (RU 2140663):

G02F1/13 - based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells

Another patents in same IPC classes:

Optical polarizer / 2140662

The invention relates to optics, namely, optical polarizers, which can be used in the production of polarizing films and glasses

Optical polarizer / 2140097

The invention relates to optics, and in particular to optical polarizers

Plasma device for liquid crystal display / 2139560

Lcd display / 2139559

The invention relates to a display device, particularly to a liquid crystal display (LCD) displays

A liquid-crystal spatial-temporal light modulator for optical information processing / 2134440

The invention relates to the field of optical instrument, in particular for the construction sitopaladi liquid crystal-spatial light modulators for input and processing of optical information, such as holography and intracavity readout image

Converter image / 2130631

The invention relates to the field of optoelectronics and may find application in devices for optical information processing

Glass filter for welding / 2126548

Matrix managed thin-film reflectors intended for use in an optical projection system, and method of its manufacture / 2125347

The invention relates to optical projection system

Optoelectronic node / 2124748

The invention relates to a device with a floating architecture and to a display device and can be used in computing

Light diode projector and method for presenting information on display / 2248025

Device has reflector, means for producing image and optical system for projecting image on display, as light source a board with light diodes is used, light flows of which are concentrated on an optical system. Protector is provided with sensor of outer light level and connected to common current adjuster.

Bistable liquid-crystal units / 2253888

At least two stable or metastable ordering of liquid crystal are realized. Switching aid which causes the switching of liquid crystal material between switches has aid intended for optical illumination of the device. Device can provide the supply of linear polarized light for inducing torsion in liquid crystal. Alternatively ordering of liquid crystal can be switched by means of aid for supplying second energy, for example, electric field. In this case light serves to generate heat which helps to switching. One or both energy sources can be used locally for switching chosen areas or pixels. Energy levels on bistable substrate can be controlled by using oligomer adding (slippery surface).

Bistable liquid-crystal units / 2253888

Method of making polarizing cell / 2259577

Method is based upon orientation of liquid crystals disposed between two substrates. Diffraction gratings with line frequency higher than 500 lines/mm and height of micro-relief of 0,1-04, mc are formed onto the surfaces of substrates. Gratings are disposed to have gap of 10-50 mc and at random angle. Liquid crystals are oriented along lines of gratings.

Liquid crystal display / 2260921

Device has back wall, made of metallic alloy with flowing limit Re = 210-280 N/mm² and durability limit Rm = 270-410 N/mm².

Liquid crystal display / 2260921

Device has back wall, made of metallic alloy with flowing limit Re = 210-280 N/mm² and durability limit Rm = 270-410 N/mm².

Liquid crystal display / 2260921

Device has back wall, made of metallic alloy with flowing limit Re = 210-280 N/mm² and durability limit Rm = 270-410 N/mm².

Liquid-crystalline display element / 2264641

Element has liquid crystal layer, encased between two substrates with transparent electrodes, while at least one of electrodes is divided on stripes, widths of which are picked on basis of Fresnel lens forming law, and output mask with slits, combined with focuses of Fresnel lenses. Element additionally has input mask with slits, raster capacitor, second electrode is divided on stripes, widths of which are picked from same Fresnel lens forming law, focal distances of both Fresnel lenses are set equal, but for different wave lengths.

Universal switched mirror / 2271027

Universal mirror has mirror, case, holder and radiation receiver. Assembly has at least two mirrors and at least one polarization filter and device for mounting mirrors in series into working position. Polarization filter is fixed onto at least one mirror. Assembly is made for installation of mirror without filter into working position, or at least one mirror with at least one polarization filter. Mirror being at working position provides ability of reflecting of incident radiation to radiation receiver.

Counter-dazzling glasses / 2273039

Counter-dazzling glasses have frame with glasses, protective screen with cells and a matrix of light-sensitive elements, electrically connected to protective screen, additionally included is infrared eye pupil position indicator, generating signal under effect from infrared radiation from pupil, gate matrix with normally darkened cells and slit formed in it imitating eye pupil position, adjusting assemblies. Gate matrix is electrically connected to infrared pupil position indicator through adjustment assemblies, is mounted with possible letting of dazzling radiation through slit formed in it onto matrix of light-sensitive elements and following transmission of signal to it for darkening of protective screen cells for protecting pupil from dazzling radiation.

(57) Abstract:

The invention relates to a display device, particularly to a liquid crystal cell, and can be used in the means of the indicator devices. The technical result of the present invention is the provision of high brightness and high uniformity of properties of liquid-crystal indicating element according to the area. The inventive liquid crystal indicator (LCD) element contains the liquid crystal layer placed between the first and second plates, electrodes, polarizers, svetoprelomlyayuschimi and orienting layers. At least one polarizer contains at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer formed from asymmetric mixed salts dichroic anionic dyes containing different cations, and/or associates of dichroic dyes containing Innovene group, with at least one mol of the organic ion. 22 C.p. f-crystals, 6 ill.

The invention relates to a display device, particularly to a liquid crystal cell, and can be used in the media indicator technology razlichnogo CLASS="ptx2">

The known device, in the form of flat cell, formed of two parallel glass plates on the inner surfaces of which are covered with the electrodes of the optically transparent electrically conductive material, for example of tin dioxide. The surface of the wafer with the electrodes are subjected to special treatment, which provides the specified uniform orientation of liquid crystal molecules (LC) at the surface of the wafer and the amount of film LCD. When a homogeneous orientation of the large axis of liquid crystal molecules at the surface of the plates are parallel to the directions of orientation, which are usually chosen perpendicular to each other. After Assembly of the cell it is filled with the LCD, which forms a layer thickness of 5-20 μm, which is the active medium and changes its optical properties (angle of rotation of the polarization plane) under the influence of an electric voltage. The change in optical properties is logged in crossed polarizers, which are usually glued to the outer surfaces of the cell [1].

The polarizers based on the films of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), painted with iodine or dichroic dyes have low mechanical strength and, therefore, the polarizer is a complex system, which contains up to 10 layers:
1. the protective film
2. weak adhesive
3. the first carrier film
4. the adhesive layer
5. polarizing film
6. the adhesive layer
7. the second carrier film
8. adhesive
9. the silicone layer
10. the film substrate
When sticking the polarizer is removed siliconized film (layers 9 and 10), and when the LCD protective cell with glue (layers 1 and 2) is removed and can be replaced with safety glass.

As a result, after the Assembly of the LCD cell is a device that consists of more than 20 layers. It should be noted that the damage to at least one of the layers of the polarizer makes it unsuitable for the manufacture of LCD cells [2].

One way to protect the polarizers from mechanical damage is placing them inside the cell. With this purpose, after the manufacture of the plates of the cell and the transparent electrodes on a plate put a solution of the polymer, for example polyvinyl alcohol, which may contain iodine or dichroic dye. Then the polymer solution is subjected to shear, for example, using a squeegee, which advance along the surface of the wafer. This linear polymer molecules line up of vdol the ü, can serve as both a polarizer, and orientaton LCD. Then assemble the cell, filling the LCD and sealing. The polarizer is within the cell and thus protected against external mechanical impacts [3].

The disadvantages of this device are:
a) Low thermal stability due to the use for the manufacture of polarizer polimerowego alcohol or other vinyl polymers, and for the staining of iodine;
b) Use for the polymer film of iodine, which is soluble in the LC leads to lower contrast and a huge increase in energy consumption, which reduces the service life of the device.

The closest in technical essence is known a device in which the polarizers are located inside the LCD cell [4]. For forming a polarizer on the surface after fabrication of transparent electrodes, the gel is applied dichroic dye with a concentration of 1-30 wt.%, which is then oriented by mechanical means, for example by centrifuging, resulting in the formation of thin film dye with a desired thickness. After removal of the solvent on the surface of the plate is formed molecular film the orientation of the LCD and therefore, also as in the case of the device [3] , there is no need for additional application of the orienting layer. From the thus obtained plates in a standard way collect LCD cell, fill it necessary liquid crystal and sealed.

As dichroic dyes used dyes from a number of isoxazolidinone with anisotropic molecular structure, for example, chrysophanic, yellow diamond, direct blue 14, etc.

The known device [4] has a higher thermostability compared to the device [3], since the polarizer is a film consisting only of the dye, which has a higher thermostability compared to vinyl polymers.

The disadvantages of the known device is its lack of brightness and heterogeneity of properties by area, due to the fact that used for manufacturing the polarizer solutions of dyes have insufficient wettability of the surface.

The present invention is the provision of high brightness and high uniformity of properties of liquid-crystal indicating element according to the area.

The problem is solved fluid is second plates with electrodes, polarizers, svetoprelomlyayuschimi and orienting layers, wherein at least one polarizer contains at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer formed from asymmetric mixed salts dichroic anionic dyes containing different cations, and/or associates of dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, with at least one mol of the organic ion.

As the dichroic dye may be used dyes selected from the class of azo dyes, antrahinonovye, polycyclic (VAT), indigoids, polymethine, arylcarboxylic and other, related in turn to the category of direct, active, acid, metal complex, a cationic (basic), etc.

At least one dichroic dye may be selected from among dyes capable of forming a stable lyotropic liquid crystal phase.

At least one polarizer of the claimed LCD contains at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer formed from associates dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, or mixtures thereof with at least one of the non birefringent layer of at least one polarizer may further comprise the solubilized dye.

At least one polarizer of the claimed LCD contains at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer formed from associates dichroic anionic dye or mixtures thereof with a surfactant to cationic and/or amphoteric surfactants or mixtures thereof of General formula (I):
(M⁺O^-X')_m[M⁺O^-X' IS- (CH₂)_p-Z-] _g{ Chromogen}[-Z-(CH₂)_p- XO^-PAV]_f(XO^-PAV)_nwhere the Chromogen - chromophore system of the dye;
Z=SO₂NH, SO₂, CONH, CO, O, S, NH, CH₂;
p=1-10;
f=0-4; g=0-9;
n=0-4, m=0-9;
n+f=1-4; m+g - 0-9;
X,X' = CO, SO₂, OSO₂, PO(O^-M⁺);
M= H; inorganic cation type NH₄, Li, Na, K, Cs, Mg, Ca, Ba, Fe, Ni, Co, etc. ; organic cation of the type RNH₃, RR'NH₂; RR'R"NH; RR'R"R^*N; RR'R"R^*P, where R, R', R", R^*= alkyl or substituted alkyl, type CH₃, ClC₂H₄, HOC₂H₄C₂H₄- C₁₀H₂₁C₆H₅CH₂substituted phenyl or heteroaryl,
YH-(CH₂-CH₂Y)_k-CH₂CH₂-, Y = O or NH, k=0-10; heteroaromatic cation type N-alkylpyridine, N-alkylquinoline, N-alkylimidazole, N-alkylthio the STN-active cations, Ampaw - amphoteric surfactant;
At least one dichroic anionic dye may be selected from the range:
- dyes capable of forming a stable lyotropic liquid crystal phase, for example sulphonic acids derived indanthrene, sulphonic acids derived symmetric definitionid and bibenzimidazole naphthalene-1,4,5,8-, perylene - and antention-3,4,9,10-tetracosanoic acids, direct yellow lightfastness Of [4], etc.;
direct dyes, for example, benzopurpurin 4B (C. I. 448), C. I. direct orange 26, C. I. direct red 48 or 51, C. I, direct violet 88, C. I. direct blue 19 and other;
- active dyes (triazine, vinylsulfonate or Procion T), for example, C. I. reactive red I, C. I. active yellow I, C. I. active blue 4, and others;
acid dyes, for example, various derivatives bromamines acid, acid bright red antrahinonovye NS, bright blue antrahinonovye, acid green antrahinonovye NS, acid green antrahinonovye NG, C. I. acid red 138, C. I. acid yellow 135, S. 1. acid red 87, C. I. acid black 1, and others;
- from a number of sulfonic acids polycyclic dyes, for example, asymmetric of phenylimino, Bendigo, thioindigo or chinagreen [5] and other sulfonic acids on the basis of VAT dyes and pigments;
- fluorescent dyes.

At least one polarizer of the claimed LCD contains at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer formed from associates dichroic cationic dye or mixtures thereof with surface-active anions and/or amphoteric surfactants or mixtures thereof of General formula (II):
(M⁺O^-X-)_m[M⁺O^-X' IS- (CH₂)_p-Z-]_g{Chromogen⁺}PAV,
where Z = SO₂NH, SO₂, CONH, CO, O, S, NH, CH₂;
p = 1-10;
g = 0-1;
m=0-1;
m+g=1;
X = CO, SO₂, OSO₂, PO(O^-M⁺);
M = H; inorganic cation type NH₄, Li, Na, K, Cs, Mg, Ca, Ba, Fe, Ni, Co, etc.; organic cation of the type RNH₃, RR'NH₂; RR'R"NH; RR'R"R^*N; RR'R"R^*P, where R, R', R", R^*= alkyl or substituted alkyl, type CH₃, ClC₂H₄, HOC₂H₄C₂H₅- C₁₀H₂₁C₆H₅CH₂substituted phenyl or heteroaryl,
YH-(CH₂-CH₂Y)_k- CH₂CH₂Y = 0 or NH, k=0-10; heteroaromatic cation type N-alkylpyridine, N-alkylquinoline, N - Ampaw, where: ASAS^-- surface-active anion, Ampaw - amphoteric - surfactant;
At least one polarizer of the claimed LCD contains at least one polarizing coating representing anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer associates dichroic cationic dye or mixtures thereof with surface-active anions or mixtures thereof of General formula (III):
{Chromogen}[-Z-(CH₂)_p-X⁺RR'R"PAV]_n,
where the Chromogen - chromophore system of the dye:
Z = SO₂NH, SO₂, CONH, CO, O, S, NH, CH₂;
p=1-10;
X-N,P;
R, R', R" = alkyl or substituted alkyl, type CH₃, CIC₂H₄, HOC₂H₄C₂H₅C₃H₇;
PAV = AS^-Ampaw where: ASAS^-- surface-active anion, Ampaw - amphoteric surfactant,
n = 1-4.

In fact, at least one dichroic cationic dye may be selected from Radha:
- fluorescent dyes;
- polymethine (cyanine, hemocyanine etc.) dyes;
- arylcarboxylic dyes;
- heterocyclic derivatives of di - and triarylamines (tipirneni, Pironkova, acridine, who claimed the LCD may contain at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer, formed from organic salts dichroic anionic dye of General formula:
{Chromogen}-(XO^-M⁺)_n,
where is the Chromogen - chromophore system of the dye:
X = CO, SO₂, OSO₂, OPO(O^-M⁺);
M = RR'NH₂; RR'R"NH; RR'R"RN; RR'R"RP: R, R', R", R= CH₃, CIC₂H₄C₂H₅C₃H₇C₄H₉C₆H₅CH₂substituted phenyl or heteroaryl, YH-(CH₂-CH₂Y)_m-CH₂CH₂Y=0 or NH, m=0-5, N-alkylpyridinium cation, N-alkylphenolic cation, N-alkylimidazole cation, N-alkylthiophene cation; n=1-7.

At least one polarizer of the claimed LCD contains at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer formed from asymmetric salts dichroic anionic dye of General formula (IV):
(M₁⁺O^-X')_m[M₁⁺O^-X'IS-(CH₂)_p-Z-]_g{Chromogen}[-Z-(CH₂)_p-XO^-M⁺]_f(-XO^-M⁺)_n,
where is the Chromogen - chromophore system of the dye;
Z - SO₂NH, SO₂, CONH, CO, O, S, NH, CH₂;
p=1-10;
f=0-9, g=0-9;
n = 0-9, m= 0-9,
n + f = 1-0; m+g = the IPA NH₄, Li, Na, K, Cs, Mg, Ca, Ba, Fe, Ni, Co, etc., organic cation type RN₃, RR'NH₂; RR'R"NH; RR'R"R^*N; RR'R"R^*P, where R, R', R", R^*= alkyl or substituted alkyl, type CH₃, ClC₂H₄, HOC₂H₄C₂H₅C₃H₇C₄H₉C₆H₅CH₂substituted phenyl or heteroaryl, YH-(CH₂-CH₂Y)_k-CH₂CH₂-, Y = 0 or NH, k=0-10; heteroaromatic cation type N - alkylpyridine, N-alkylquinoline, N-alkylimidazole, N - alkylthiophene etc.;
or mixtures thereof.

To ensure the necessary physico-mechanical, adhesion, alignment, and other properties, at least one polarizing coating optical polarizer, the LCD further comprises a modifier, which can be hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic polymers of various types, including liquid crystal, silicone; plasticizers and varnishes, including silicon, and nonionic surfactants. The introduction of the modifier, which can be carried out both at the stage of education AGV phase, and by processing the obtained polarizer? also allows you to reduce the scattering of light, which is possible due to malicilously layer of at least one polarizer of the claimed LCD has a thickness of, when implementing the interference extremum of the output optical polarizer on at least one linearly-polarized components of the light.

The thickness of the at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer of at least one polarizer of the claimed LCD satisfies the condition for receiving the output optical polarizer interference for at least one linearly-polarized components of the light and, simultaneously, the interference maximum for the other orthogonal linearly polarized components of light.

At least one polarizer of the claimed LCD is multilayered and contains at least two layers, at least one of which is anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer and the other layer is optically isotropic, and one refractive index of the birefringent layer is maximally different from the refractive index of the optically isotropic layer, and the other refractive index anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer is the same as or as close as possible to the refractive index of the optically isotropic layer.

It is preferable zhidkokristallicheskii at least two layers, at least one of which is anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer and the other layer is optically isotropic, and one refractive index of the birefringent layer is maximally different from the refractive index of the optically isotropic layer, and the other refractive index anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer is the same as or as close as possible to the refractive index of the optically isotropic layer.

More preferred is a liquid crystal display element, characterized in that at least one polarizer is laminated and contains at least two different birefringent layer, at least one anisotropic absorbing, and the first refractive index anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer is maximally different from the first refractive index of the other birefringent layer and the second refractive index anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer is the same as or as close as possible with a second refractive index different birefringent layer.

Another option is a liquid crystal display element of the floor, which, for example, made of metal.

Option is a liquid crystal display element, characterized in that at least one of the plates is additionally formed birefringent layer that is located between the liquid crystal layer or other layers, separating it from the layer of liquid crystal, and a polarizer or other layers deposited on the polarizer.

Another option LCD indicator element is characterized by the fact that on one of the plates is additionally formed layer of the colored elements, which is located between the polarizer and the plate.

Preferred liquid-crystal display element, characterized in that at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer of at least one polarizer is made in the form of elements different value of phase delay and/or direction of the axis of polarization.

Preferred liquid-crystal display element, characterized in that formed on one of the plates polarizer consists of at least two anisotropic absorbing birefringent layers with mutually different colors PE the layers, and on another plate polarizer is an anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer of gray with the direction of the axis of polarization coinciding with the direction of the axis of polarization of one of the anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer on the first plate.

Preferable liquid crystal display element, characterized in that between the substrate and at least one of the polarizers is additionally marked with the orienting layer that can be formed from inorganic materials, and on the basis of various polymers.

Another option is a liquid crystal display element, characterized in that at least one of the plates at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer of at least one of the polarizer placed on the transparent electrode, or between the plate and the electrode, or on the dielectric film covering the transparent electrode, or between the orienting liquid crystal layer and the electrode, or between the orienting liquid crystal layer and the dielectric sublayer covering the electrode, or on the reverse side of the plates.

Preferred zhidkokristallicheskogo may be simultaneously electrode, and at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer is located directly on the reflecting surface or on the dielectric sublayer deposited on a reflective coating, or between orienting liquid crystal layer and other layers deposited on the reflective coating.

A significant difference in the inventive liquid crystal display element is the fact that at least one polarizer contains at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer formed from asymmetric salts dichroic anionic dyes containing different cations, and/or associates of dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, with at least one mol of the organic ion.

The use of Associaton dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, with at least one mol of organic, especially surface-active ion for the formation of anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer provides good focusing ability of the polarizer at the interior of its location in the LCD, which eliminates the need of applying additional orienting the LCD layers. Moreover, the variation of structurization, what is of great importance to the manufacture of LCD types.

Furthermore, the presence of an inactive organic ions in polarizing coating provides a low electrical conductivity, which in turn reduces the energy consumption and thereby increases the service life of the LCD device. This eliminates the need of applying additional insulating layers when the internal arrangement of the polarizers.

The use of asymmetric mixed salts dichroic anionic dye and/or associates of dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, with at least one mol of the organic ion for the formation of anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer enables formation of high-quality defect-free homogeneous polarizers, the thickness of which does not increase 5%.

This is because the use of these materials allows you to adjust the hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance in the molecule dichroic dye, which is of great importance for the formation of lyotropic liquid crystal (AGV) phase. Thus, the creation of a specific hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance is one of the conditions of education ISOR goes into an ordered liquid-crystalline state.

In addition to the impact on the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of nature surfactant has a strong influence on the solubility of the complexes in different solvents, which in turn certainly affects the size of the aggregates and the formation of AGV phase.

Thus, the variation of the two factors - hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance and solubility asymmetric salts dichroic anionic dyes containing different cations, and/or associates of dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, with at least one mol of the organic ion battery allows you to adjust how the process of education and type AGV phase. This in turn depends on the degree of molecular order and, consequently, polarization characteristics, in particular the dichroic ratio of the polarizer, formed after application AGV composition on the surface of the substrate with the subsequent removal of solvent. In turn, the high polarization characteristics and uniformity of the polarizers provide high brightness and uniformity by area of the LCD element.

By varying the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the asymmetric mixed salts dichroic anyim by mol of the organic ion is possible to adjust the solubility in water and organic solvents, what is of great importance when applying a very thin anisotropic absorbing birefringent layers with variable thickness. The latter is of great importance for the manufacture of the claimed LCD using polarizers of the interference type.

Use as a polarizer, at least one ultra-thin (0.01-1.5 μm) anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer with high polarization efficiency provides high brightness and uniformity over the area of the claimed LCD.

The variety of colors claimed the LCD is provided by the use for the manufacture of polarizers various dichroic dyes, which becomes possible through the use of asymmetric salts and/or associates with an organic ion, the variation in both the number and the type which can be adjusted hydrophilic-lipophilic properties of the associates, which is important in the manufacture of compositions for the deposition of layers.

The advantages of interference polarizers based on anisotropic absorbing birefringent layers are high brightness and uniformity over the area of the claimed LCD and greater, you can create an LCD device with different color, including gray. Gray color can be obtained also when the layering of polarizers yellow, red and blue color formation on the plates of the cell.

Using AGV compositions for the formation of polarizers gives the opportunity to produce both monochrome and color LCD display units. For this purpose, can be used different ways of applying polarizers, such as intaglio or flexographic printing on the printing equipment.

To achieve high brightness and contrast in the proposed device, intended for the manufacture of high resolution displays can be used in the formation of polarizers additional orienting and antireflection layers, which can be applied on the same hardware as the polarizer.

Use as a polarizing polarizing coatings (PP) does not preclude the use of traditional film polarizing films, in particular iodine polarizers based on PVA. For example, a mixture of the PM deposited on the 1st plate with iodine reflective or transmissive polarizer, pasted on the outer side of the second is more glass, which is typically used to protect the polarizer affixed to the outer side of the first glass.

In addition, with the use of polarizing coatings can be manufactured LCD indicator elements with external polarizers. For this PP is applied on a transparent isotropic polymer film, and then the obtained film, the polarizer is bonded to the outer side plates. It should be noted that the resulting LCD device contains fewer layers compared with the LCD device with conventional polarizers based on PVA films.

Use as a polarizer of the claimed LCD at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer formed from asymmetric mixed salts dichroic anionic dye and/or associates of dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, or mixtures thereof with at least one mol of surface-active ions or mixtures thereof, allows to obtain black-and-white and multicolor LCD of various types, with high brightness and uniformity across the square.

Examples of the claimed LCD element in the most typical configuration is shown in Fig. 1-6. In Fig.1 th image LCD transmissive element on the basis of the usual twist-nematic with a different arrangement of the polarizing layer and the electrodes, in Fig.3 is a schematic representation of the LCD indicate the type based on a conventional twist-nematic, and Fig.4 is a schematic representation of the LCD indicator transmissive based supertwist-nematic, in Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of the LCD indicator with the effect of switching colors, and Fig. 6 is a schematic representation matrix color LCD display.

Is depicted in Fig. 1 LCD indicator consists of two plates 1 and 2, which may be made of glass, plastic, or other rigid or flexible transparent material. On the inner surface of these plates, converted to a layer of nematic liquid crystal 3, the applied transparent electrodes 4, 5. On top of the transparent electrodes deposited insulating films 6, 7 of a polymer or other material, which smooth out the terrain and give the whole surface a homogeneous properties. Polarizing coating 8, 9 are applied to these films and oriented axes bandwidth on plates 1 and 2 are mutually perpendicular. When this polarizing coatings are orientate for molecules of a nematic liquid crystal.

In Fig. 2 shows another variant of a transmissive LCD display, which on the surface of the plates 1 and 2 wachowich electrodes are applied to the film 10, 11, orienting nematic LCD. In this design ensures required for polarizing coating surface finish and its isolation from the layer of liquid crystal, which ensures penetration into it of ions or molecules of other substances that may be contained in the polarizing coating.

In the reflective LCD version of the indicator (Fig.3) the second plate may be made of transparent and opaque material, such as crystalline silicon. It is formed of a diffuse reflecting layer 12. A reflective layer can be obtained by applying to the aluminum mirror film of the polymer containing particles of arbitrary or specific shape and size with a refractive index different from the refractive index of the polymer, applying a film of the polymer containing a suspension of aluminum powder or other material that is highly reflective of light, or create a relief on the surface of the plate, which is then applied to the reflective layer 12, for example a film of aluminum. Relief can be formed by treating the surface with an abrasive material, engraving, embossing, coating the polymer film containing particles of a certain size and shape, or selective etching through the mask poverhnostno to serve as a solid electrode. Vitruvia methods of photolithography narrow strip of aluminum for a given path width of 10-100 μm, it is possible to obtain electrodes of a desired configuration, for example, a matrix of rectangles for a flat matrix display, keeping the General reflective background throughout the operating area of the indicator. Polarizing coating is applied directly on the reflective coating or lining and insulating sublayer, which is formed on the reflector.

If a reflective layer, for whatever reason, cannot be used as the electrode, or it is made of non-conductive material, in this case, the electrodes are applied on the insulating sublayer or directly on the reflector. As an insulating layer, you can use plastic film, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide or other dielectric materials. When this polarizing coating can be deposited on the reflector and on the electrodes.

For color compensation in pervious version of LCD indicators with greatly twisted nematic 3 introduces an additional optically anisotropic layer 13 with a given optical thickness, placed on the second plate (Fig.4). It can be located directly on polyarizuyuschimisya film polymer or a polymer with a molecular orientation in a given direction under the action of electromagnetic forces or by mechanical stretching during application of the layer or after application. In addition, you can use photoanisotropic material, which allows to obtain anisotropic films with defined optical difference of the progress and direction of the axes of the ellipsoid double refraction by photopolymerization material film polarised light [5].

In the reflective LCD version of the indicator with supertwist-nematic can take two or more optically anisotropic layer located on both plates between the polarizers. They can be applied directly on the polarizing coatings or layers deposited on them.

Using the techniques of photolithography or printing method of applying dyes and applying dyes of different colors, can be obtained polarizing layer, which has a region with a different color that enhances information and ergonomic features of the indicator.

Property color selector gives the LCD cell and the application of one of the plates PP neutral gray, and the other two paragraphs 9 and 9' (Fig. 5) directly on one another or through dividing them not absorbing layer 14. However, paragraphs 9 and 9' have different color and mutually perpendicular axes of polarization.

Raspar (Fig. 6). In one embodiment, the PP is applied directly to the color matrix 15, which is located on the matrix of transparent electrodes 5 or the sublayer 7.

Color matrix or pattern can be produced by spraying through a photoresistive mask with selective colouring layer of polymer of an appropriate dye or applying a layer of a dye by screen printing or other printing methods. It is obvious that the arrangement of the polarizer and color matrix relative to each other is not important and is determined by technological factors in the application layer.

The principle of operation of LCD display with polarizing elements placed inside a cell, consider the example of passing options LCD indicator - based twisted 90^onematic (Fig. 1). Non-polarized luminous flux falls on the indicator side of the first plate. After passing through the substrate 1, a transparent electrode 4 and the leveling sublayer 6 light is polarized when passing through the polarizing coating 8. If the voltage on the electrodes is missing, polarized light passes through the liquid crystal layer 3 by rotating its plane of polarization 90^oand goes without oladov will look bright. When applying voltage to the electrodes under the influence of an electric field twisted form nematic transitions in homeotropic, in which the optical axis of the nematic liquid crystal is oriented perpendicular to the plane of the plates 1 and 2, and it ceases to rotate the plane of polarized light passing through it. This means that when light passes through a layer of nematic specified by the polarizer 8, the direction of the plane of polarization of the light will not change and will be at the exit of the nematic 3 perpendicular to the direction of polarization of the second polarizer 9. When light passes through the polarizer 9, the light is absorbed and this area will be on clearance look dark. In those areas of the indicator, where there are no electrodes, always saved twisted form nematic and these areas always look bright. Using a polarizer with at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer formed from asymmetric mixed salts dichroic anionic dyes containing different cations, and/or associates of dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, with at least one mol of an organic ion, increases the brightness of the LCD element and increases the homogeneity properties of the liquid crystal indata not changed, in the reflective type indicators the principle remains the same. The only difference is that the light does not pass through the substrate 2, and through all the remaining elements takes place twice.

In the case of the LCD indicator on the basis of supertwist-nematic (Fig.4) the light is plane-polarized by the first polarizer 8, passes through a highly twisted nematic and converted into elliptically polarized. At the same time he acquires a certain color because of the dependence of the optical gap of the progress of wavelength. The optically anisotropic layer compensates for the color of light passing through it so that at the output of the cell, it becomes unpainted or Vice versa, allows to obtain the desired color due to the underlying orientation of the axes of the PM relative to each other and the anisotropic layer and the thickness of the anisotropic layer. When a voltage is applied to the electrode elements of the liquid crystal is converted from a twisted state in uniaxial and ceases to rotate the plane of polarized light. Therefore, the light passes through it without changing the direction of the plane of polarization. When passing through the anisotropic layer, the light becomes circular or elliptical polarization after release through vetor with at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer, formed from asymmetric mixed salts dichroic anionic dyes containing different cations, and/or associates of dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, with at least one mol of an organic ion, increases the brightness of the LCD element and increases the homogeneity properties of liquid-crystal indicating element according to the area.

Action light switch is illustrated in Fig. 5. After passing through the first polarizing layer 8 light when not mode passes through the nematic liquid crystal with polarization plane rotation 90^oand passes the polarizing layer 9', the axis of which is oriented perpendicularly to the axis of the first polarizing coating 8 and is absorbed by the second layer of the dichroic polarizer 9, the direction of the axis of polarization which is perpendicular to the axis of the layer 9'. When the power cell is the direction of the plane of polarization of light passing through the LCD does not change and the light is absorbed by the dichroic polarizer 9' and is painted in a different color. Using a polarizer with at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer formed from asymmetric mixed salts dichroic anionic dyes containing various Katiousha ion, increases the brightness of the LCD element and improves the uniformity of the color liquid-crystal indicating element according to the area.

In the case of matrix color LCD display (Fig. 6) light passes when executed element through the polarizer 8 through the LCD, through the second neutral polarizer 9 and selectively absorbed by the dye 14. The element looks painted in the appropriate color. When turning on the element light is polarized by the polarizer 8, is held without rotation of the polarization plane through the layer of the LCD and is blocked by the polarizer 9. As a result, this item looks dark.

Thus, the use of liquid-crystal indicating element containing a liquid crystal layer placed between the first and second plates with electrodes, polarizers, svetoprelomlyayuschimi and orienting layers, wherein at least one polarizer contains at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer formed from asymmetric salts dichroic anionic dyes containing different cations, and/or associates of dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, with at least one mol of an organic ion, poslereformennyj above options and have a high brightness and high uniformity of properties in the area.

Sources of information
1. L. K. Vistin. GWHO, 1983, volume XXVII, vol. 2, 141-148.

2. A. E. Perregaux, SPIE, 1981, Vol. 307, p. 70-75.

3. Pat. USA N 3941901, CL 350-160, publ. 1976.

4. A. C. N 697950, CL G 02 F 1/13, prototype.

5. Pat. RF N 2013794, CL G 02 F 1/13, publ. 1994.

6. Application PCT/US 94/05493, published 08.12.94.

1. The liquid crystal display element containing a liquid crystal layer placed between the first and second plates with electrodes, polarizers, svetoprelomlyayuschimi and orienting layers, wherein at least one polarizer contains at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer formed from asymmetric mixed salts dichroic anionic dyes containing different cations, and/or associates of dichroic dyes containing ionogenic groups, with at least one mol of the organic ion.

2. The liquid crystal display element according to p. 1, characterized in that at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer has a thickness at which implements the interference extremum of the output optical polarizer on at least one linearly-polarized compine at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer satisfies the condition for receiving the output optical polarizer interference for at least one linearly-polarized light components, and simultaneously, the interference maximum for the other orthogonal linearly polarized components of light.

4. The liquid crystal display element according to p. 1, characterized in that at least one polarizer is laminated and contains at least two layers, at least one of which is anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer and the other layer is optically isotropic, and one refractive index of the birefringent layer is maximally different from the refractive index of the optically isotropic layer, and the other refractive index anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer is the same as or as close as possible to the refractive index of the optically isotropic layer.

5. The liquid crystal display element according to p. 1, characterized in that at least one polarizer is laminated and contains at least two different birefringent layer, at least one anisotropic absorbing, and the first refractive index anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer is maximally different from the first refractive index of the other birefringent temperature close with a second refractive index different birefringent layer.

6. The liquid crystal display element according to p. 1, characterized in that at least on one side of the polarizer additionally marked with reflective coating.

7. The liquid crystal display element according to p. 6, characterized in that the reflective coating is made of metal.

8. The liquid crystal display element according to p. 1, characterized in that at least one of the plates is additionally formed birefringent layer that is located between the liquid crystal layer or other layers, separating it from the layer of liquid crystal, and a polarizer or in other words, applied to the polarizer.

9. The liquid crystal display element according to p. 1, characterized in that on one of the plates is additionally formed layer of the colored elements, which is located between the polarizer and the plate.

10. The liquid crystal display element according to p. 1, characterized in that at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer of at least one polarizer is made in the form of elements different value of phase delay and/or direction of the axis poloviny on one of the plates polarizer consists of at least two anisotropic absorbing birefringent layers of different colors with mutually perpendicular axes of polarization, inflicted on one another or share their intermediate layers, and on the other plate, the polarizer is an anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer of gray with the direction of the axis of polarization coinciding with the direction of the axis of polarization of one of the anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer on the first plate.

12. The liquid crystal display element according to p. 1, characterized in that between the substrate and at least one of the polarizers is additionally marked with the orienting layer that can be formed from inorganic materials, and on the basis of various polymers.

13. The liquid crystal display element according to p. 1, characterized in that at least one of the plates at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer of at least one of the polarizer placed on the transparent electrode, or between the plate and the electrode, or on the dielectric film covering the transparent electrode, or between the orienting liquid crystal layer and the electrode, or between the orienting liquid crystal layer, and a dielectric sublayer covering the electrode, or on the reverse side of the plates. is e formed a diffuse reflective coating, which can be simultaneously electrode, and at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer is located directly on the reflecting surface or on the dielectric sublayer deposited on a reflective coating, or between orienting liquid crystal layer and other layers deposited on the reflective coating.

15. The liquid crystal display element according to p. 1, characterized in that at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer of at least one polarizer further comprises a modifier, which can be hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic polymers of various types, including liquid crystal and silicone softeners and varnishes, including silicon, and nonionic surfactants.

16. The liquid crystal display element according to p. 1, characterized in that the anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer contains a dichroic dye selected from a number of dyes capable of forming lyotropic liquid crystal phase.

17. The liquid crystal display element according to p. 1, characterized in that graynormandy from associates dichroic dyes, containing ionogenic groups, or mixtures thereof with at least one mol of surface-active ions or mixtures thereof.

18. The liquid crystal display element according to p. 1, characterized in that at least one polarizer contains at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer formed from associates dichroic anionic dye or mixtures thereof with a surfactant to cationic and/or amphoteric surfactants or mixtures thereof of General formula
(M₁⁺O^-X')_m[M₁⁺O^-X'IS-(CH₂)_p-Z-]_g{Chromogen}[-Z-(CH₂)_p-XO^-M⁺]_f(-XO^-M⁺)_n,
where the Chromogen - chromophore system of the dye;
Z = SO₂NH, SO₂, CONH, CO, O, S, NH, CH₂;
p = 1 - 10;
f = 0 - 9;
g = 0 - 9;
n = 0 to 9;
m = 0 to 9;
n + f = 1 - 10;
m + g = 1 to 10;
X, X' = CO, SO₂, OSO₂, PO(O^-M⁺);
M M₁, M, M₁= H inorganic cation type NH₄, Li, Na, K, Cs, Mg, Ca, Ba, Fe, Ni, Co, etc., organic cation of the type RNH₃, PR NH₂, RR'R"NH; RR'R"R^*N; RR'R"R^*P, where R, R', R", R^*= alkyl or substituted alkyl, type CH₃, ClC₂H₄, HOC₂₂-CH₂Y)_k-CH₂CH₂-, Y = O or NH, k = 0 to 10, heteroaromatic cation type N-alkylpyridine, N-alkylquinoline, N-alkylimidazole, N-alkylthiophene and so on,
or mixtures thereof.

19. The liquid crystal display element according to p. 1, characterized in that at least one polarizer contains at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer formed from associates dichroic cationic dye or mixtures thereof with surface-active anions and/or amphoteric surfactants or mixtures thereof of General formula
(M⁺O^-X-)_m[M⁺O^-X'IS-(CH₂)_p-Z-]_g{Chromogen⁺}PAV,
where Z = SO₂NH, SO₂, CONH, CO, O, S, NH, CH₂;
p = 1 - 10;
g = 0 - 1;
m = 0 - 1;
m + q = 1;
X = CO, SO₂, OSO₂, PO(O^-M⁺);
M = H, inorganic cation type NH₄, Li, Na, K, Cs, Mg, Ca, Ba, Fe, Ni, Co, etc., organic cation of the type RNH₃, PR NH₂, RR'R"NH; RR'R"R^*N; RR'R"R^*P, where R, R', R", R^*= alkyl or substituted alkyl, type CH₃, ClC₂H₄, HOC₂H₄C₂H₅-C₁₀H₂₁C₆H₅CH₂substituted phenyl or heteroaryl,
iridonia, N-alkylquinoline, N-alkylimidazole, N-alkylthiophene, etc., cationic surfactant⁺(surface-active cation); PAV = AS^-Ampaw, where AS^-- surface-active anion, Ampaw - amphoteric surfactant.

20. The liquid crystal display element according to p. 1, characterized in that at least one polarizer contains at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer formed from associates dichroic cationic dye or mixtures thereof with surface-active anions and/or amphoteric surfactants or mixtures thereof of General formula
{Chromogen}-[Z-(CH₂)_p-X⁺RR'R"PAV]_n,
where Z = SO₂NH, SO₂CONH, CO, O, S, HN, CH₂;
p = 1 - 10;
X = N, P;
R, R', R" = alkyl or substituted alkyl, type CH₃, ClC₂H₄, HOC₂H₄C₂H₅C₃H₇; PAV = AS^-Ampaw, where AS^-- surface-active anion, Ampaw - amphoteric surfactant;
n = 1 - 4.

21. The liquid crystal display element according to p. 17, characterized in that at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer on the extremely the economic indicator element according to p. 1, characterized in that at least one polarizer contains at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer formed from asymmetric salts dichroic anionic dye of General formula
(M₁⁺O^-X')_m[M₁⁺O^-X'IS-(CH₂)_p-Z-]_g{Chromogen}[-Z-(CH₂)_p-XO^-M⁺] _f(-XO^-M⁺)_n,
where the Chromogen - chromophore system of the dye;
Z = SO₂NH, SO₂, CONH, CO, O, S, NH, CH₂;
p = 1 - 10;
f = 0 - 9;
g = 0 - 9;
n = 0 to 9;
m = 0 to 9;
n + f = 1 - 10;
m + g = 1 to 10;
X, X' = CO, SO₂, OSO₂PO(O^-M⁺);
M M₁, M, M₁= H; inorganic cation type NH₄, Li, Na, K, Cs, Mg, Ca, Ba, Fe, Ni, Co, etc., organic cation of the type RNH₃, RR'NH₂, RR'R"NH; RR'R"R^*N; RR'R"R^*P, where R, R', R", R^*= alkyl or substituted alkyl, type CH₃, ClC₂H₄, HOC₂H₄C₂H₅C₃H₇C₄H₉C₆H₅CH₂substituted phenyl or heteroaryl, YH-(CH₂-CH₂Y)_k-CH₂CH₂-, Y = O or NH, k = 0 to 10, heteroaromatic cation type N-alkylpyridine, N-alkylquinoline, N-alkylimidazole, N-alkylthiophene and at least one polarizer of the claimed LCD contains at least one anisotropic absorbing birefringent layer formed of the organic salts dichroic anionic dye of General formula
{Chromogen}-(XO^-M⁺)_n,
where the Chromogen - chromophore system of the dye;
X = CO, SO₂, OSO₂, OPO(O^-M⁺);
M = PR NH₂, RR'R"NH; RR'R"R^N; RR'R"R^P when R, R', R", R^ = CH₃, ClC₂H₄C₂H₅C₃H₇C₄H₉C₆H₅CH₂substituted phenyl or heteroaryl, YH-(CH₂-CH₂Y)_m-CH₂CH₂Y = O or NH, m = 0 to 5; N-alkylpyridinium cation, N-alkylphenolic cation; N-alkylimidazole cation; N-alkylthiophene cation; n = 1 - 7.