Lcd display

IPC classes for russian patent Lcd display (RU 2139559):

G02F1/13 - based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells

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(57) Abstract:

The invention relates to a display device, particularly to a liquid crystal display (LCD) displays. Features liquid-crystal display containing a liquid crystal layer placed between the front and rear plates, each of which is located one electrode and a polarizer and the layer containing one dye, which is luminescense under the action of UV radiation in the region of 400 - 700 nm dye or a mixture of one luminescense dye and one absorbing dye. The technical result of the invention: the greater the brightness, the color saturation of the image and increase the viewing angle of the LCD displays up to 180° by more efficient use of the spectrum of the radiation of the radiation source, in particular its ultraviolet region. 7 C.p. f-crystals, 7 Il.

The invention relates to a display device, particularly to a liquid crystal display (LCD) displays, and can be used in the means of indicator devices, and optical modulators, matrix systems light modulation, etc.

The known device, is made the x applied to the electrodes of the optically transparent electrically conductive material, for example dioxide, indium or tin. The surface of the wafer with the electrodes are subjected to special treatment, which provides the specified uniform orientation of liquid crystal molecules at the surface of the wafer and the amount of film LCD. When a homogeneous orientation of the large axis of liquid crystal molecules at the surface of the plates are parallel to the directions of orientation, which are usually chosen perpendicular to each other. After Assembly of the cell it is filled with liquid crystal, which forms a layer thickness of 5-20 μm, which is the active medium that changes its optical properties (angle of rotation of the polarization plane) under the action of an electric field. The change in optical properties is logged in crossed polarizers, which are usually glued on the outer surface of the cell. In this case the points of display electrodes which are imposed voltage, transmit the light and appear bright, and lots of display voltages appear as dark areas. To create a color image in display impose a special layer, colored organic or inorganic dyes in the form of elements of the pattern (character and game indicators) or matrix of color filters of RGB or CMY types (matricin the m a disadvantage of devices of this type is low insufficient brightness and color saturation of the resulting image. One reason for this is the use of dichroic light polarizers, absorbing up to 50-60% of the light of the visible range, and dyes, additionally absorbing part of the light. To achieve high color saturation in this case, a high brightness light source, which is associated with an increase in the power consumption of the display. The increase in energy consumption leads to the loss of the advantages of LCD displays such as high-efficiency appliances in comparison with alternative display devices.

The second disadvantage of the known LCD displays is a small angle, since the multilayer structure of the LCD display effectively controls the flow of light propagating to the front surface of the display only within a limited solid angle.

The objective of the invention is the achievement of greater brightness, color saturation of the image and increase the viewing angle of the LCD displays up to 180^othrough more efficient use of the spectrum of the radiation of the radiation source, in particular its ultraviolet region.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the liquid-crystal display containing a liquid crystal layer, razmisljati, and a layer containing at least one dye, at least in one section, characterized in that at least one of the dyes used luminescense under the action of UV radiation in the region of 400-700 nm dye or a mixture of at least one luminescense dye and at least one absorbing, but not luminescense dye.

In the General case stated the display can be operated using external radiation sources, such as solar radiation, including UV radiation. However, the radiation source emitting in the UV and visible spectral ranges can be entered in the display design, as its integral part. But it is desirable that the maximum radiation was in the field of 200-450 nm. The radiation source can be installed from the front or the back plate. This meant that the radiation can be directed into the interior of the display through the front or the back plate using any suitable design, for example through the front or side surface of the plate.

When a layer containing at least one luminescense dye, can be located on the exterior is whether on its internal surface, or between the outer surface and a layer containing at least one luminescence dye. I.e., it is essential that the polarizer should be in both cases is located between the luminescent layer and the liquid crystal layer. In that case, if the layer containing at least one luminescense dye, is located on the inner side of one of the plates, the polarizer located on the same plate, place again between the layer containing at least one luminescense dye, and a liquid crystal layer.

In addition to the transmissive display described above can be obtained design reflective display, just use the UV portion of the radiation source. To do this, the display can be entered reflector made on the inner or outer side of the plate, which of course will be the back plate, as it does not pass radiation of the radiation source. And a layer containing at least one fluorescent dye, in this case, it is advisable to place on the back plate between the reflector and a polarizer located on the same plate. In that case, if the layer containing at least one luminescense beauty layer will become the polarization properties. Therefore, it is possible to place this layer on the front plate, and a separate polarizer can not be used. In this case, essentially it turns out that luminescense layer and the polarizer located on the same plate, made in the form of one polarizing layer containing molecules of at least one luminescense dye uniformly oriented along at least one molecular axis. Moreover, this polarization layer may be located on the outer or inner side of the front plate.

The invention is illustrated by drawings. In Fig. 1-4 schematically LCD displays are transmissive with different arrangement of polarizers and a layer of fluorescent dye in the outer and inner sides of the plates of the LCD display.

In Fig. 5, 6 schematically LCD reflective type with internal and external arrangement of polarizers and a layer of fluorescent dye. In Fig. 7 schematically shows a display in which the function of the outside polarizer performs the layer containing luminescense dye. Is depicted in Fig. 1 LCD display consists of two plates 1 and 2 which may be made of glass, plastic or another as the plates, converted to a layer of nematic liquid crystal 3, the applied transparent electrodes 4, 5, which may cover plate continuous layer or in part, for example, in the form of the same or different elements of arbitrary shape. On top of the transparent electrodes 4, 5 superimposed layers 6, 7 of a polymer or other material surfaces which give directional anisotropy by rubbing or otherwise, to ensure the orientation of liquid crystal molecules. On the outer sides of the plates are polarizers 8, 9, transparent in the UV region of the spectrum. On the polarizer 8 on the outer side is coated with the layer of one or more fluorescent dyes 10, luminescent in different spectral regions of the visible range. For eliminating unwanted fluorescent emission layer 10 due to UV illumination surrounding the fluorescent light on top of the fluorescent layer 10 introduced an additional layer 13 as a filter that does not pass this UV illumination. The radiation coming from external or part of the display of the radiation source, conventionally shown by arrows.

In Fig. 2 schematically shows the LCD display, in which the layer of fluorescent dyes is located on the polarizer on the back side of the display. About the, 3 shows the design of the display arrangement of polarizers 8, 9 and a layer of fluorescent dye 10 in the LCD display. The polarizers in the form of a thin layer of uniformly oriented dye molecules deposited on the underlayer 11, separating the transparent electrode 4 from the polarizing layer 8 (the front plate 1), and on the surface layer of fluorescent dyes 10, placed directly on the transparent electrodes 5 of the back plate 2. Polarizing layers in this embodiment is effective in the visible range of the spectrum and are not transparent in the UV region. The material of the upper plate 1 may be opaque in the UV region, but for plates 2 requires transparency in the visible and UV spectral range.

In Fig. 4 shows another variant of the transmissive LCD display with internal optical elements, in which the layer of fluorescent dyes 10 is located on the inner side of the upper (front) plate 1. When this polarizing layers 8, 9 are effective only in the UV region of the spectrum and the requirement for the optical properties of the plates 1 and 2 are the same as for the previous option. It is obvious that the matrix of fluorescent dyes in Fig. 3 and 4 can be located on the outer sides of the respective plates. Then both plates, 4).

In a reflective embodiment, LCD polarizer, a layer of luminescent dyes and the reflector may also be located on the outer or on the inner side of the rear plate 2. In Fig. 3 shows the display design with external polarizers, luminescing layer and a diffuse reflector. In this case, both the polarizer 8 and 9 are placed on the outer sides of the plates 1, 2, and a layer of fluorescent dyes 10 is located between the polarizer 9 and the reflector 12. Polarizers 8, 9, and plates 1 and 2 should be transparent in the UV and visible ranges of the spectrum.

When the internal arrangement of optical elements (Fig. 6) on the first plate 2 is formed reflector 12, then the matrix luminescing layer 10, a polarizer 9. This plate can be made of transparent and opaque material, such as crystalline silicon. It is formed of a diffuse reflecting layer, the reflector 12. Diffuse reflecting layer can be obtained by applying to the aluminum mirror film of the polymer containing particles of arbitrary or specific shape and size with a refractive index different from the refractive index of the polymer, causing the polymer film is and the surface of the plate, which is then applied to the reflective layer 12, for example a film of aluminum. Relief can be formed by treating the surface with an abrasive material, engraving, embossing, coating the polymer film containing particles of a certain size and shape, or selective etching through the mask surface of the plate or a deposited film of a polymer or other material. The aluminum film may simultaneously serve as a solid electrode. Vitruvia methods of photolithography narrow strip of aluminum for a given path width of 10-100 μm, it is possible to obtain electrodes of a desired configuration, such as a matrix of electrodes of rectangular shape for a flat matrix display, keeping the General reflective background throughout the operating area of the indicator. Luminescense layer 10 is applied directly on the reflective coating or sublayer, which is formed on the reflector. Polarizing layer applied directly to the layer of luminescent dyes 10 or leveling sublayer, which is formed on the luminescent layer.

If a reflective layer, for whatever reason, cannot be used as the electrode, or it is made of non-conductive material, in this case, the electronic is to use a polymer film, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide or other dielectric materials. This luminescense layer can be deposited on the reflector and on the electrodes.

The layer containing luminescense dye, can be made using a single phosphor or mixture of phosphors. This layer can be made uniform over the entire area or to have at least some areas, containing at least one phosphor, for example, in the form of a rectangular matrix with elements (parts). Moreover, different areas can have the same color, and can be made of different colors, i.e., can be formed using different phosphors.

Figure 7 depicts a display design, in which the function of the outside polarizer performs the layer 10 containing uniformly oriented molecules luminescense dye. This luminescense layer acquires a polarization properties.

The proposed design of the LCD display can be implemented on a twist, supertwist and smectic structures LCD with different management schemes symbolic elements or scan screen. As fluorescent dyes can be applied organic the Asti range of 400-700 nm under the influence of UV radiation range in the field of 200-450 nm.

To enhance cotoneaster painted layer, as well as its individual parts, for example the elements of the color matrix, or drawing, can be made from a mixture of fluorescent and conventional absorbing in the visible region of dyes or by layer-by-layer application. When the emission color of the phosphors and the region of absorption of the dyes are chosen in such a way as to ensure the greatest color saturation and the brightness of the image. When the layering layer absorbing dye can be located both inside and outside of the display with the corresponding consistent layout.

To obtain the oriented layer of fluorescent dyes can be used dyed organic phosphors and then stretched polymer film, for example, polyvinyl alcohol. The phosphor molecules can also be attached to water-soluble form by the accession of ionic groups. This will enable the translation of a solution of phosphor molecules in the liquid crystal mesophase and their orientation in a thin layer at least along one of the molecular axes mechanical shift, oriented surface of the substrate or external elektromagnitnogo spraying dyes through a mask or by other means, selective colouring layer of polymer of an appropriate dye or applying a layer of a dye by screen printing or other printing methods.

Depending on the design of the display and used dyes used, the polarizer must have the appropriate optical properties. In some constructions it may be effective only in the visible region of the spectrum range and not pass UV radiation, others in the UV and visible, in others only in the UV and at the same time not to miss the visible region of the spectrum. As such polarizers can be used drawn polymer film, put them in molecules absorb radiation in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum, and polarizing layers, based on the liquid crystalline state of matter, molecules which absorb radiation in the UV region. These polarizing layers can be manufactured by one of the known methods, in particular, on the basis of organic dyes, solutions which can be in lyotropic liquid state. Additionally, they can perform the function of an orientation layer for liquid crystal. To obtain a polarizer, effective only in the UV region of the spectrum and not PRCO in the UV region, but transmits visible part of the spectrum without its polarization, together with the optical filter, which cuts off the visible portion of the spectral range. Such a filter can be performed by introduction of the appropriate organic or inorganic dye in the composition of the material of the plates of the display, or the application in the appropriate place isotropic layer of dye or polymer films, dyed dye that absorbs light in visible range of the spectrum, or by typing the desired dye in the material of the polarizer or polarizing layer, if the polarizer is oriented film of the dye. When performing a filter in the form of absorbing isotropic layer can be placed anywhere in the design between the layer containing the fluorescent dyes and the light source.

As a radiation source of both visible and UV range of the spectrum can be used discharge lamps with mercury, hydrogen or xenon filling, plasma and laser light sources, arc discharge, and so on, While the radiation source can directly enter in the inventive device, presenting a single structure, and to be a part of the device is the firmness of the modulator, the radiation source may be part of the device, in which the modulator is used. The principle of operation of LCD display with luminescense layer consider the example of transmitting variant of the LCD display on the basis of twisted 90^onematic (Fig. 1). Unpolarized UV radiation flux falling on the display of the second (rear) plate 2. After passing through the polarizer 9, which transmits only the UV portion of the radiation, the radiation is polarized, passes through the plate 2, the transparent electrode 5 and the guide layer 7. If the voltage on the electrodes is missing, polarized light passes through the liquid crystal layer 3 by rotating its plane of polarization 90^oand passes without attenuation through the guide layer 6, a transparent electrode 4, plate 1, UV polarizer 8 and reaches the layer of fluorescent dye 10, causing him a luminescent glow. When applying voltage to the electrodes under the influence of an electric field twisted form nematic transitions in homeotropic, in which the optical axis of the nematic liquid crystal is oriented perpendicular to the plane of the plates 1 and 2, and it ceases to rotate the plane of polarized light passing through it. This means that when light passes the output of the nematic 3 perpendicular to the direction of polarization of the second polarizer 8. When light passes through the polarizer 8 light is absorbed in the next layer 10 does not cause the luminescent glow. Thus, this area will be on clearance look dark. In those areas of the display where there are no electrodes, always saved twisted form nematic and these areas are always emitting, i.e. light. Location luminescing layer on the outer surface of the display makes the image contrast is independent of the viewing angle, because the amount of light forming the image on the external display surface and goes through his svetopropusknaya layers (liquid crystal, polarizers).

When placing a layer of fluorescent dyes on the back side of the display (Fig. 2), i.e. on the outer surface plate 2, the flux of UV radiation is converted luminescense layer in the visible light range, the further the dissemination of which through the LCD display and the principle of management remains the same as in the conventional LCD. To use the visible part of the spectrum of radiation, the layer of fluorescent dyes can be entered dyes that absorb in the visible region of the spectrum, additional to the emission spectrum of fluorescent dyes. The layer of pogloscayuscyei, can be located on the inner surface of plate 2 of the display.

The principle of the transmissive display with internal polarizers and fluorescent matrix (Fig. 3, 4) remains the same as when the external arrangement of the elements. When placing a layer of fluorescent dyes on the face plate 1 (Fig. 4) UV radiation passes through the back plate 2, a transparent electrode 5, an insulating layer 11 and the polarizer 9, the current in the UV region. Then depending on the state of the liquid crystal layer 3, it passes through it with the rotation of the plane of polarization 90^oor without rotation. If there is a rotation of the polarization plane (open state), the light passes, is not absorbed through the second polarizer 8 and falls on luminescense layer 10, causing the illumination of the corresponding matrix elements. Emitted visible light outside the display through the transparent electrode 4 and the wafer 1. In the closed state of the UV radiation is absorbed by the polarizer 8 and does not cause the illumination of the fluorescent matrix. As a result, the display or the corresponding matrix elements become dark.

In a reflective version of the display (Fig. 5) the light passes through the transparent UV plate 1, the transparent electrode 4, the orienting layer 6. In the open state, the light passes through the liquid crystal layer 3 by rotating its plane of polarization 90^othrough the orienting layer 7, a transparent electrode 5, the plate 2 and is not absorbed, the polarizer 9. Then the fraction of light absorbed by the fluorescent dye layer 10 is transformed into visible light. The remaining part is reflected from the reflector 12 and again passes through the layer of fluorescent dyes, optionally converted into visible light. Emitted visible light range is polarized by the polarizer 9, passes through the plate 2, a transparent electrode 5, a guiding layer 7, the liquid crystal layer 3 by rotating the plane of polarization and extends freely through the remaining layers and the polarizer 8. When the closed state of the LCD layer, when it does not rotate the plane of polarized light passing through it, light as UV and visible range absorbed by the second polarizer 9. In the fluorescent dyes in the layer 10 does not emit light and the display looks dark. To light of the visible area is not weakened color saturation luminescing light, you can type in the layer of luminescent dyes corresponding proposalwriting display with internal polarizers and a layer of fluorescent dyes (Fig. 6) does not differ from the previous case.

In the case of display with oriented layer of fluorescent dyes (Fig. 7), when the liquid crystal is in a state of twisted nematic polarized UV radiation passes through all layers of the display with the rotation of the plane of polarization 90^oin and out is not absorbed through the phosphor layer. To UV light did not fall into the eye of the observer, the layer of fluorescent dyes is closed by the filter 13, absorbing UV radiation and transmissive in the visible region of the spectrum. In the case of non swirling liquid crystal 3 is polarized by the polarizer 9 UV radiation passes through the display without changing the polarization and is absorbed by the layer of oriented molecules phosphor emitting light in the visible region of the spectrum. Obviously, on the same principle it is possible to make the display location of the layer of oriented molecules of the luminescent material on the first plate, but inside the display.

For transmissive and reflective types of displays possible intermediate variants of the arrangement of polarizers and a matrix layer of fluorescent dyes. For example, in a transmissive types Fig. 1 and Fig. 4 can polarizers positioned NR is ntah Fig. 2, 3 and Fig. 5, 6.

The essential difference of the present invention is used for manufacturing LCD devices, varieties which are not limited to the above options, a light source having a maximum radiation spectrum is preferably in the field of 200-450 nm polarizers, which are effective both in the visible and UV region of the spectrum, and layers containing fluorescent dyes, to convert the UV radiation into visible. This allows better use of energy sources, emitting in the UV and visible spectral regions.

1. Liquid-crystal display containing a liquid crystal layer placed between the front and rear plates, each of which are at least one electrode and a polarizer, and a layer containing at least one dye, at least in one section, characterized in that at least one of the dyes used luminescense under the action of UV radiation in the region of 400 - 700 nm dye or a mixture of at least one luminescense dye and at least one absorbing dye.

2. The display on p. 1, characterized in that the radiation source and the lei under item 2, characterized in that the radiation source is selected from the face plate.

4. The display on p. 2, characterized in that the radiation source is installed from the back plate.

5. Display under item 1 or 4, characterized in that the layer containing at least one luminescense dye, made on the outer side of one of the plates, and the polarizer located on the same plate, placed or on its internal surface, or between the outer surface and a layer containing at least one luminescense dye.

6. Display under item 1 or 4, characterized in that the layer containing at least one luminescense dye, is located on the inner side of one of the plates, and the polarizer located on the same plate, placed between the layer containing at least one luminescense dye, and a liquid crystal layer.

7. Display under item 1 or 3, characterized in that the reflector is made on the inner or outer side of the rear plate, and a layer containing at least one fluorescent dye that is located between the reflector and a polarizer located on the same plate.

8. Dialogen on the face plate, moreover, this layer and the polarizer located on the same plate, made in the form of one polarizing layer containing molecules of at least one luminescense dye uniformly oriented along at least one molecular axis, and located on the outer or inner side of the front plate.