A pneumatic shock absorber

IPC classes for russian patent A pneumatic shock absorber (RU 2079748):

F16F5 - Liquid springs in which the liquid works as a spring by compression, e.g. combined with throttling action; Combinations of devices including liquid springs

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(57) Abstract:

Usage: protect against mechanical loads. The inventive shock absorber includes a housing, coaxially mounted therein a hollow plunger. Partition with holes and a camera is installed in the cavity of the plunger with the formation of pneumatic and hydraulic cavities. The damping valve has a needle with an axial channel, a plate at one of its ends and a piston on the other. The piston valve is placed in the chamber walls with the formation of podpornoy cavity communicated with the hydraulic chamber, and newportnews cavity communicated through the axial channel of the needle with pneumatic cavity. The plunger may be made of two-stage and the plate of the valve can be performed with the large diameter of the piston valve. 2 C.p. f-crystals, 2 Il.

The invention relates to the field of protection of objects, machines, devices, equipment, etc. allowing a limited degree of mechanical stress from the intense percussive impacts arising from blasting and other works and seismic vibrations. The most important of these devices are pneumatic-hydraulic shock absorbers with damping elements.

Famous is jatim gas, communicated between a damping and non-return valves [1]
The disadvantage of this device is the low power consumption and large size of the shock absorber due to the organic capabilities of the flow of working fluid through the damping valve.

Known hydraulic shock absorber, containing elastic element, coaxially spaced casing, a rod, a plunger, a partition with holes and throttle, a damping valve with a spring, a pressure plate and a piston mounted on the opposite ends of the needle with the axial hole [2]
In relation to declared this shock absorber is the closest to the technical essence and the achieved result and adopted for the prototype.

The disadvantage of this shock absorber is the design complexity, expressed in the actual inclusion of three independent elements: a rod with a hollow plunger operating element design, a separate volume of the cavity to the high pressure of the damping valve, the Executive design element and the connecting element design channel high pressure connecting the cavity of the plunger and the cavity in a high pressure, this separation of structural elements simultaneously and ouabache valve in the holder, where additional piston simultaneously performs the functions of a working element of the valve and the sealing function overlays shock absorber. Side friction of such a structural element of the valve is very high and unstable. The low cavity pressure and cavity high pressure are arranged in such a way that it creates more unstable resistance to movement of the needle with the plate due to friction in compaction and differential pressure in these cavities. In General, this design implementation makes low stability and low reliability.

The present invention eliminates these drawbacks, increases the intensity of the shock absorber reduces its dimensions, simplifies the design increases stability and reliability.

This technical result is achieved by the pneumatic-hydraulic shock absorber, comprising a housing, coaxially mounted therein a hollow plunger, a partition with holes, the damping valve in the form of a needle with an axial channel, a plate mounted at one end of the needle with the possibility of overlapping holes in the walls, and piston mounted on the other end of the needle, the septum is installed in the cavity of the plunger with the formation of pneumatoceles on nadporshnevaya cavity, communicated with the hydraulic chamber, and podporchennuyu cavity communicated through the axial channel of the needle with pneumatic cavity. The plunger may be made of two stages. The valve plate may be made of larger diameter than the piston valve.

Set out the entity shown in the drawing Fig. 1 shows a General view of the shock absorber of Fig. 2 shows the external element 1.

The absorber contains a centrally located housing 1, the spindle 2 with emphasis "g", the hollow plunger 3 with emphasis "d" partition 4 with holes 5, the damping valve 6 in the form of needle 7 with an axial channel 8, the plate 9 mounted at one end of the needle 7 with the possibility of overlapping holes 5 of the partition 4, and the piston 10 mounted on the other end of the needle 7. Partition 4 is installed in the cavity of the plunger 3 with the formation of pneumatic and compressed gas and hydraulic "b" of the cavity with the working slurry and has a chamber 11 for accommodating therein the piston 10 of the damping valve 6, which divides the chamber 11 on nadporshnevaya cavity which is communicated with a hydraulic "b" of the cavity, and podporchennuyu cavity communicated through the axial channel 8 with pneumatic "and" cavity. The hollow plunger 3 can be performed in two stages. Plate 9 of the valve 6 can be made is between a via the damping valve 6.

Under the pressure of the compressed gas in the cavity "a" of the shaft 2 extended from the hollow plunger 3, and a hollow plunger 3 vdvinul in case 1 due to its two-stage design, in which the diameters of D₁> D₂where the difference of the squares of these diameters (in the presence of pressure in the cavity "a") -determines the force on the plunger 3, and to obtain various efforts to stem 2 and the plunger 3 is provided:
,
where
the square of the diameter D₁;
the square of the diameter D₂;
the square of the diameter D₃;
In its initial position, the rod 2 is prevented from moving focus "g", and the plunger 3 emphasis "d".

Under the action of high pressure slurry in the cavity "b" excited dynamic movement of the rod 2 or plunger 3, the piston 10 with the needle 7 and the plate 9 has the possibility of axial movement relative to the throttle hole 5. The plate 9 is made of larger diameter than the piston 10.

The shock absorber works as follows.

When the movement of the rod 2 inside the cavity "b" working slurry enters the chamber 11 and is pressed into cavity "a" through the annular gap formed between the plate 9 and the hole 5.

When the extension of the plunger 3 from the housing 1 through Duhs>Calculated efforts to stem 2 and the plunger 3 is provided by the tightening force of the spring 12 and the size of the gap between the plate 9 and the hole 5 formed by the compression spring 12 for the free flow of slurry from the cavity "b" cavity "a" and practically does not depend on the low stiffness of the spring 12.

In the proposed design uses a spring 12, closed only on the uncompensated value of the square of the plate 9, is equal to the difference of the squares of the plate 9 and the piston 10, which simultaneously affects the dynamic pressure of the slurry. This allows you to use small spring 12 with a flat characteristic and at the same time to ensure the free flow of slurry when the estimated value of the square of the gap in the hole 5 with the plate 9, which allows you to have optimal dynamic pressure in the cavity of the shock absorber at his work.

Installation of the piston 10 with piston seal improves the stability of the valve 6.

Application of the proposed absorber can simplify the design by combining cavity of the plunger and high pressure, exceptions connecting cavity, the floating piston. Install the valve in the partition exclude one movable outer opinie and performance, to improve the reliability and increase the intensity of the shock absorber by 20-25%
The use of two-stage plunger allows you to have the same two-way dynamic characteristics of the shock absorber as when the compression rod, and when his nomination.

1. A pneumatic shock absorber, comprising a housing, coaxially mounted therein a hollow plunger, a partition with holes, the damping valve in the form of a needle with an axial channel, a plate mounted at one end of the needle with the possibility of overlapping holes in the walls, and piston mounted on the other end of the needle, characterized in that the partition is set in the cavity of the plunger with the formation of pneumatic and hydraulic cavity and has a chamber for accommodating therein the piston of the damping valve, which divides the last nadporshnevaya cavity communicated with the hydraulic chamber, and podporchennuyu cavity communicated through the axial channel of the needle with pneumatic cavity.

2. The shock absorber under item 1, characterized in that the plunger is made of two stages.

3. The shock absorber under item 1, characterized in that the valve plate is made of larger diameter than the piston valve.