Hydraulic shock absorber

IPC classes for russian patent Hydraulic shock absorber (RU 2042063):

F16F5 - Liquid springs in which the liquid works as a spring by compression, e.g. combined with throttling action; Combinations of devices including liquid springs

Another patents in same IPC classes:

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The invention relates to the field of engineering and relates to suspensions of vehicles

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Single-tube shock absorber / 2253575

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Air-operated spring for railway vehicle / 2266443

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(57) Abstract:

The invention relates to the damping of mechanical vibrations and can be used in the suspensions of vehicles. A hydraulic damper includes a housing in the form of a cylinder, a piston with a rod placed in the cylinder with the formation of the rod end and the piston cavity, the compensation chamber, communicated with the rod and piston cavities channels through the check valve, when this rod cavity communicated with the piston cavity channel through the valve end and the piston chamber is in communication with the compensation chamber by a channel through the valve compression. To obtain stable damping characteristics and increase the reliability of the valves rebound and compression made in the form of pressure reducing valves type To itself, with the compensation chamber is in the form of an expansion vessel, the gas volume which is in communication with the atmosphere. 4 Il.

The invention relates to the damping of mechanical vibrations and can be used in the suspensions of vehicles.

Known hydraulic shock absorber, comprising a housing in the form of a cylinder, a piston with a rod placed in the cylinder with the formation of rod and porshneva is this piston chamber communicated with the rod cavity channel through the bypass channel and the throttle hole [1]
In this hydraulic shock absorber, the damping characteristic is unstable due to the dependence of the damping forces on the speed of movement of the piston and the viscosity of the working fluid, which ultimately affects the reliability of the hydraulic shock absorber. By increasing the viscosity of the working fluid caused by, for example, a drop in its temperature, and when the disturbances close to the drums, elements of the hydraulic shock absorber experiencing significant congestion and, first of all, it concerns the compensation valve.

The closest in technical essence to the invention is a hydraulic shock absorber, comprising a housing in the form of a cylinder, a piston with a rod placed in the cylinder with the formation of the rod and piston cavities, the compensation chamber with a gas compensator made in the form of a tubular diaphragm, with the compensation chamber communicated with the piston and rod cavities channels through the check valves, rod cavity communicated with the piston cavity channel through the valve end and the piston chamber is in communication with the compensation chamber by a channel through the valve compression [2]
Known hydraulic shock absorber has the same disadvantages as the first aperture, which with large displacements of the piston has a large deformation rate.

Exception based damping characteristics of the hydraulic shock absorber on the magnitude of the moving velocity of the piston and from changes in the value of viscosity of the working fluid allows to have a stable characteristic damping and improve the reliability of the hydraulic shock absorber.

This technical result is achieved that, in the hydraulic shock absorber, comprising a housing in the form of a cylinder, a piston with a rod placed in the cylinder with the formation of the rod and piston cavities, the compensation chamber, communicated with the rod and the piston cavities of the cylinder channels through the check valve, and the rod cavity is in communication with the piston cavity channels through the valve end and the piston chamber is in communication with the compensation chamber by a channel through the valve compression, valves rebound and compression made in the form of pressure reducing valves type To itself, with the compensation chamber is in the form of the expansion cavity, gas volume which is in communication with the atmosphere.

In Fig. 1 presents a schematic diagram of a hydraulic shock absorber of Fig. 2 schematic diagram of reduction the gain at the nominal frequency and amplitude; in Fig. 4 power characteristics of known absorbers (I) proposed and (II) according to the invention at a nominal frequency of slow moving, but with larger amplitude.

A hydraulic damper includes a housing 1 in the form of a cylinder, the piston 2 with the rod 3, is placed in the cylinder with the formation of the rod end 4 and the piston cavity 5, the compensating chamber 6 provided with a rod and piston cavities 4 and 5 channels 7 and 8 through the check valves 9 and 10, with rod cavity 4 is in communication with the piston cavity 5 channel 11 through valve 12 end, and the piston cavity 5 with the compensation chamber 6 channel 13 through the valve 14 compression.

The hydraulic shock absorber is as follows.

During the course of the piston 2 in the direction of reducing the volume of the piston cavity 5 it creates a working fluid pressure and when it reaches the required level, actuates the valve 14 and compression of the working fluid through the channel 13 is displaced in the compensation chamber 6 and also fed into the rod cavity 4 through the channel 7 through the check valve 9.

When reverse motion of the piston 2 (course release) the pressure of the working fluid increases in the rod end 4. Under the pressure of the working fluid of the deployment area working fluid from the expansion chamber 6 through the channel 8 through the check valve 10.

Since the valve 12 of the end and the valve 14 compression is made in the form of a pressure reducing valve type To itself, the desired pressure is maintained by them in rod and piston cavities 4 and 5 are constant over the entire stroke of the piston 2 as during the compression, and during the course of the retreat. Thus by adjusting the valves 12 and 14 rebound and compression you can get different damping characteristics, i.e., you can get efforts damping speed rebound and compression either equal or different depending on the operating requirements, but they are always in the process of operation of the hydraulic shock absorbers will remain unchanged.

So when adjusting the valves 12 and 14 of the compression and rebound on the correlation of pressure, equal to the ratio of the area of the piston from the piston cavity 5 to the area of the piston from the rod end 4, will take place the symmetrical characteristic of the damping, which is shown in Fig. 3 and 4. As can be seen from the graphs shown in Fig. 3 and 4, the power characteristics of the proposed absorber changing the amplitude and rate of change of forced oscillations in contrast to the known absorbers is not changed by force.

Power characteristics predlogennyi areas show the number of additional dissipation of energy in the proposed invention the shock absorber.

HYDRAULIC shock ABSORBER, comprising a housing in the form of a cylinder, a piston rod, is placed in the cylinder with the formation of the rod and piston cavities, the compensation chamber is in communication with the rod and the piston cavities of the cylinder channels through the check valve, when this rod cavity communicated with the piston cavity channel through the valve end and the piston chamber is in communication with the compensation chamber by a channel through the valve compression, characterized in that the valve rebound and compression made in the form of pressure reducing valves type to itself.