Damper

The invention relates to the damping of mechanical vibrations and can be used in the suspensions of vehicles

The invention relates to the field of engineering and relates to suspensions of vehicles

The invention relates to rail transport, and is intended for damping vertical and horizontal oscillations of bogie frames and bodies locomotives

Hydraulic damper comprises piston provided with axial passages and working cylinder filled with fluid. The piston is connected with the rod. The inner side of the cylinder and outer side of the cylinder, which is in a contact with the piston side, are provided with thread. The piston is mounted on the rod for permitting rotation around the rod. The piston is provided with radial passages whose longitudinal axes intersect with the longitudinal axes of the axial passages of the piston. The diameters of the axial passages decrease from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the piston to its periphery. The radial passages receive movable spring-loaded slide valves whose diameters exceed these of axial passages of the piston.

Viscous friction damper includes housing, partition with openings and rod passing through central opening of partition. Two similar corrugations of elastic material are fastened in housing; central partition is clamped between said corrugations. The last define two different-volume and variable-dimension cavities filled with shock absorbing liquid. Rod has two sites for fluid-tight securing of it to said two corrugations. Openings of partition through which shock-absorbing liquid is pressed are covered by means of flexible membrane providing possibility for controlling their number and size.

Shock absorbing apparatus includes housing, rod, piston, secured to rod end and cylinder arranged between housing and piston. There are flow-through valves in cylinder; said valves are in the form of two openings mutually communicated by means of trough. Piston may move along the whole height of cylinder for operation of several flow-through valves. Change of summed diameters of said openings provides variable rigidity factor of shock-absorbing apparatus.

Hydraulic vibration insulation support comprises flexible pressure-tight chamber which is filled with damping fluid and separated into spaces interconnected through throttling ports. The pressure-tight chamber is made of a central disk-shaped space provided with an area for setting an object to be insulated and peripheral ring spaces oriented concentrically with respect to the central space and connected with it through the radial passage from one side of the central space. The throttling ports are made in pair from the opposite sides of the radial passage at the site of its intersection with each ring space. The throttling ports are provided with valves which allow the fluid to flow in opposite directions from the side of the radial passage for each of the pair of the throttling ports.

Proposed single-tube shock absorber contains housing with hydraulic space filled with working fluid, guide bushing, rod and piston stationary installed on rod and dividing hydraulic space into upper and lower parts. Hollow compensator made of elastic material is installed in lower part of hydraulic space. Constant head of compensator is realized owing to elasticity of compensator, or its constant force action onto working fluid in hydraulic space are preset in process of assembling of shock absorber. Volume of compensator is reduced by value equal to increase of volume of part of rod located in hydraulic space of shock absorber.

Proposed single-tube shock absorber has housing with hydraulic space filled with working fluid, guide bushing, rod and piston fixed on rod and dividing hydraulic space into upper and power parts. Flexible compensator made of microcellular material is installed in lower part of hydraulic space. Constant head of compensator realized owing to elasticity of compensator or its constant power action onto working fluid in hydraulic space are set in process of assembling of shock absorber. Volume of compensator is reduced by value equal to increase of volume of part of rod in hydraulic space of shock absorber.

The air hydraulic shock absorber consists of a cylinder, rod, plunger, movable and fixed axle boxes, hydraulic seals, gas and hydraulic chambers and a profiled needle. The shock absorber is equipped with an optimizing hydraulic double-stage regulator consisting of an internal bush with holes that is attached to the wall separating two spaces in the hydraulic chamber and linked with the plunger of the air hydraulic shock absorber fitted onto which is an external bush with holes with possibility of movement relative to the internal bush. Both bushes are interconnected by a multistart thread with a helix angle exceeding the friction angle, they are also connected by a flexible component. The profiled needle connected to the rod of the air hydraulic shock absorber enters the hole in the external bush of the optimizing hydraulic hydraulic double-stage regulator.

The hydraulic vibration support has a body filled with fluid with foundations movable in axial direction, with a cylindrical damping member installed between them spring-loaded from two sides by shaped coil springs. The damping member is furnished with blades fastened on the side surface. Each shaped coil spring is made of tapered and cylindrical parts. The springs positioned on both sides from the damping member are coiled to opposite sides and rigidly fastened to the latter by their cylindrical components with the aid of screw stoppers screwed on the ends of the damping member.

Vibration insulation support comprises base and platform with stops and rubber members interposed between the base and platform with a spacing equal to that between the stops for permitting co-operation with their stops. Each rubber member is made of interconnected rubber segments to define a cylinder. The inner spaces of the rubber segments is filled with fluid.

Air-operated spring comprises cylinder that receives piston with rod. The cylinder is made of air-operated cylinder whose above-piston air space is in communication with the additional tank through the throttle passage which receives self-adjustable throttle member for permitting movements inside it. The self-adjustable throttle member is made of two trancated cones whose greater bases face each other. The spring is also provided with oil tank whose top air space is in communication with the additional tank through the tube with the reducing valve. The bottom oil space of the oil tank is connected with the connecting pipe on the bottom outer end of the rod through the flexible hose. The additional tank is provided with the electric heating member mounted inside the space and heat insulated from the ambient.