Hydraulic vibration damper

IPC classes for russian patent Hydraulic vibration damper (RU 2075665):

F16F5 - Liquid springs in which the liquid works as a spring by compression, e.g. combined with throttling action; Combinations of devices including liquid springs

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(57) Abstract:

Use: transport. The inventive hydraulic damper includes a housing, coaxially mounted therein with the formation of the compensation chamber, the cylinder having at one end a flange on the valve and on the opposite the guide sleeve disposed in the cylinder and passed through the guide sleeve on the piston, piston valve, two piston rings. Oil ring is installed on the guide sleeve and located between the latter and the rod. An additional valve is fitted in the guide sleeve and provides the message to the rod end and the compensation chamber. The orifice is made in the upper part of the cylinder and reports nadporshnevaya and the compensation chamber. 1 Il.

The invention relates to damping, namely, hydraulic vibration dampers, and can be used in railway transport.

Known hydraulic vibration dampers used in railway cars having a telescopic piston design [1]
The principle of their action is consistent extrusion fluid through narrow channels (proselyte through the orifice occurs friction, in the result that the mechanical energy of the oscillating motion of the car is converted into heat which is then dissipated into the surrounding space.

The closest technical solution is the vibration damper passenger cars KVZ-the Institute [3] comprising a housing, a cylinder forming with the housing a compensation chamber that is installed in the cylinder on the piston, piston valve, a valve mounted in the bottom (flange) of the cylinder. The piston has two piston rings, guide sleeve mounted on the end face of the cylinder.

The disadvantages of the known technical solutions [1] [3] is that the throttle holes are made on the belts and valves have a square shape. At constant contact disk and the valve is rapid wear of the belts with throttle openings. At constant deposition of suspended particles in the oil, on the bottom of the lower Cabinet of the head of the quencher, is the clogging of the throttle holes located in the lower valve. Wear and clogging of the throttle holes leads to malfunction of the damper. Thus there is formed in the cylinder of the damper high pressure, resulting in it failing. When this occur trail design variable resistance in the operation.

In addition, when exposed to air in the working fluid (this can occur when the suction of the working fluid through the bottom valve when the lack of content in the absorber and the inclined position), it foams and together with air through the upper valve enters nadporshnevaya the cavity of the cylinder and remains there for a long time. Foaming reduces lubricity, which leads to corrosion of metal parts, and also affects the setting of the resistance of the damper, which leads to the violation of his performance. In addition, gases dissolved in the working fluid, degrade its performance.

The aim of the invention is to increase the reliability and service life of the vibration damper due to: 1) simplify the design; 2) significant reduction of securemote throttle openings; 3) obzharivaete of the working fluid in the cylinder of the damper.

The inventive vibration damper includes a housing, coaxially mounted therein with the formation of the compensation chamber of the cylinder, a flange mounted on one end of the cylinder, the guide sleeve disposed at the opposite end of the cylinder, placed in the cylinder and proposing what you like. On the guide sleeve installed samojedny rings and additional valve providing a message to the rod end with the compensation chamber. The orifice is made in the upper part of the cylinder and reports nadporshnevaya cavity and the compensation chamber.

Comparative analysis of the prototype shows that the inventive damper differs in that the orifice is located in the upper part of the cylinder, and mounted on the guide sleeve wiper rings and an additional valve. Thus, the proposed solution meets the patentability criteria of "novelty."

Known hydraulic shock absorber of the suspension of the vehicle [2] in which the orifice is located in the upper part of the cylinder. However, this throttle hole only works in the reverse course (or course stretching) of the shock absorber. With the direct course (or during compression of the shock absorber, the fluid is displaced through the valve located in the piston rod, thereby creating the necessary resistance. When the shock absorber in newportnews and podpornoy cavities of the cylinder creates different pressure, and this leads to nevozmojnost the th rolling of the car.

In the vibration damper, designed for use in railway transport, it is necessary that the working fluid passed through the orifice with the specified hydraulic resistance. With this resistance, as during the compression of the damper, and in the course of stretching, must be the same.

In the present damper there is only one throttle orifice. It is located in the upper part of the cylinder and operates as in the compression mode and stretch mode. The orifice in the present damper should skip working fluid with a specific set of normative hydraulic resistance. In addition, through this throttle opening during compression and during stretching should proceed accordingly, the same working fluid as it enters the prototype through two throttle openings located at the bottom of the valve during the compression and two throttle openings located in the upper valve in the course of stretching. It is obvious that the diameter of the throttle hole in the claimed damper at two times the diameter of the throttle hole in a known quencher. And to the fluid conducted through the throttle OMO to create additional sufficient fluid pressure in newportnews cavity of the cylinder.

Bench testing of the proposed damper showed that this additional pressure is created when the introduction of the oil ring in the guide sleeve.

The presence of two oil scraper rings provide block the passage of working fluid between the piston rod and guide sleeve.

In known as the dampers provides a gap between the wall of the rod and guide sleeve. Thus the working fluid through the gap came in the compensation chamber.

Piston rings block the passage of fluid between the cylinder wall and the piston.

In the course of stretching the piston moves upward, the rod valve closes, the pressure in newportnews cavity grows. In this case, due to the presence of the piston ring, the fluid cannot flow into podporchennuyu the cavity between the piston and the cylinder wall, and due to the presence of 2 maloobemki rings in the guide sleeve, the fluid cannot flow out of the cylinder between the guide sleeve and the rod. Thus, in newportnews cavity creates additional pressure required to flow the fluid through the orifice located in the upper part of the cylinder, with the specified hydraulic resistance. Under the and the work of the damper is in compression, the bottom valve is closed. With increasing fluid pressure under the piston opens the upper piston valve. Above the piston also creates excess pressure due to the difference of the input volume of the rod in the cylinder, the bandwidth of the piston valve and the throttle openings in the cylinder.

When this excess fluid from newportnews volume flows in the compensation chamber. The additional pressure that is created due to the presence of 2 oil ring in the guide sleeve, is sufficient so that the liquid flowed with the same hydraulic resistance, as in the course of the stretching of the Redeemer.

Thus, the interaction of essential features received a new technical result, namely the passage of fluid through the orifice with the same set of hydraulic resistance on the compression and the tension of the damper. In addition, from sources not identified a technical solution in which the same throttle opening would work as during compression and during stretching, i.e., the inventive damper meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The reliability and service life of sactity, contained in the working fluid, settle down. In addition, when you stop the car the pressure in both cavities of the cylinder of the proposed damper remains the same (in contrast to the known technical solutions [ 1, 2] and therefore in the beginning of the movement of the carriage the damper immediately operates in the operating mode and the car smoothly starts to move. When the suction of the working fluid together with air through the bottom valve of this mixture enters through the top valve in nadporshnevaya cavity of the cylinder. Puzyriki air does not remain in the cylinder, and through the orifice fall in the compensation chamber and stand out. Thus is the outgassing of the liquid.

In Fig. 1 depicts the inventive vibration damper.

The vibration damper includes a cylinder 1, mounted the lower end in the recess of the flange 2 of the lower valve 3 and pressed against the guide sleeve 4. In the cylinder 1 is a piston rod 5 piston 6. The upper end of the rod 5 is rigidly connected to the upper head 7, and the bottom is screwed in the piston 6. Inside the stem 5 is spring, the locking rod 5. Spring is in order to keep under tension screw connection, which is connected to the piston rod. It is necessary for sustainability a piston, and the piston under high pressure, rotates, resulting prevents its jamming and gouges in the cylinder. During rotation of the piston more than 360^othe latch secures the further loosening of the piston from the rod, and a spring constantly acts on the threaded connection and thereby prevents it from razbaltyvaniya, breaking. In the hollow piston 6 is screwed into the upper valve 8. The flange 2 with the lower valve 3 is placed in the recess of the bottom head 9, which is connected to the housing 10, containing all the details of the absorber and forming with the cylinder 1 of the compensation chamber 11 connected to the lower part of the head 9, which are milled grooves 12 for receiving the working fluid in podporchennuyu the cavity of the cylinder 1 and the deposition of suspended particles in the working fluid. Guide sleeve 4 is placed in the holder 13, top seal, consisting of 2 seals 14, fixed clamping nut 15 serves to prevent the ingress of moisture and shear ice. The seals 14 are used for removing the working fluid from the rod 5 and prevent penetration into the cylinder 1 water and dirt. The inner part of the damper is fixed tensioning ring 16, which ring 18 presses the ferrule 13. The tension ring 16 is fixed rod 19, one end of which enters a slot of the housing 10, and the other screw is attached to the tension ring 16. Guide sleeve 4 provided with a scraper rings 20 and an additional valve 21, the current in the event of a sharp lateral shocks. The upper valve 8 and the lower valve 3 made integral with the upper disk 22. In the Central part of the lower disk 23 made the hole for the ball valve, which is spring-loaded. Luggage valve in the lower part has a hole for passing the working fluid from podpornoy cavity of the cylinder 1 in the compensation chamber 11. In the lower disk 23 with holes for passage of the working fluid. In the upper part of the cylinder 1 has a throttle hole 24 round shape, connected to the outlet pipe 25, the lower end of which is in the working fluid. This eliminates foaming of the working fluid and dirt in the orifice 24. The piston 6 has two piston rings 26.

The damper works as follows. During the compression piston 6 moves downward. The lower valve 3 is closed and the upper valve 8 is opened and the working fluid from the piston cavity through the valve 8 comes in NADP the tsya, and part of the fluid with high hydraulic resistance enters the orifice 24 and through the outlet pipe 25 enters the compensation chamber 11.

During the stretching of the piston 6 moves upward, the upper valve 8 is closed and the lower valve 3 opens. The working fluid from the expansion chamber 11 through the bottom valve 3 is absorbed in podporchennuyu cavity. The pressure of the working fluid in newportnews cavity of the cylinder 1 is increasing, and it is with a large hydraulic resistance flows through the orifice 24 in the discharge pipe 25 in the compensation chamber 11.

The proposed vibration damper was tested on the East-Siberian railway. It is established that the service life is increased by 3-4 times compared with the vibration damper passenger cars KVZ-the Institute.

During benchmark testing of the proposed absorber obtained a working chart that corresponds to the parameters table, which determines the resistance of the damper depending on the width and length of the working chart, calculated in the depot in accordance with the "Technical guidelines for the operation and maintenance of absorbers of passenger cars N 301 FCB black IPU 11986 year.