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Method to prepare ash-concrete mix Method to prepare an ash-concrete mix, including mixing of ash, portland cement, sand, crushed stone and water, where ash of hydraulic removal is enriched, then the produced ash jointly with portland cement, gypsum and plasticising additive LTSM-2 is ground in a ball mill to the specific surface of 4500-5000 cm2/g, the produced mix is introduced, 2/3 part of the estimated hardening water quantity, sand and quick lime into a dispersing hydrator and exposed to activation for 1-2 min at speed of blades rotation 100-200 rpm, in the concrete mixer they mix crushed limestone and the remaining part of the hardening water for 1-2 min, then the activated mixture from the dispersing hydrator is charged into a concrete mixer, and by final mixing they produce a concrete mix of homogeneous consistence. |
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Method to manufacture construction materials based on magnesia binder Method to manufacture construction materials based on a magnesia binder includes activation of a magnesia binder, modified filler, plasticiser, pigment by the method of mechanical-chemical modification in solid state under condition of joint impact of pressure and shift deformations. Aqueous solution of magnesium chloride (aqueous solution of bischofite) and filler are added to the activated mix. The magnesia binder is caustic magnesite with addition of electric furnace magnesite. The modified filler in the raw mix is a complex silica-alumina filler including SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, MgO, Fe2O3, FeO, SO3 in different combinations and ratios, modified in solid state with oxide or salt of transition metal by the method of mechanical-chemical modification under conditions of joint impact of pressure and shift deformations, and also the raw mix may additionally contain mica and fibres (natural, polymer, metal, glass). The mix is hardened at the temperature of 10-90°C for 1÷14 h, and macromolecular structures of finished goods are exposed to diffusion process of introduction of oil/water emulsion in presence of a surfactant. |
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Method of concrete mixture preparation Preparation method consists in that molybdenum scheelite wastes in an amount of 9-10% and an organic substance - crushed corncobs - 7-8% are additionally added to portland cement in an amount of 25-30%, chip 12-15% and sand 15-18% , the rest is water. |
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Road concrete mix making method Method for making road concrete mix by mixing heated mineral components, bitumen and an additive using oil sludge differs by the fact that as an additive there used is fine-grained powder obtained by intense mixing of the working agent with oil sludge at their ratio of 1.5:1 with addition of water for complete lime slaking, where the working agent is obtained by mixing of the following components, wt %: animal fat 1-3, adsorbent - thermally treated shells 18-22, unslacked lime ground to 10-3÷10-5 m is the rest at bitumen content of 67-84% of the weight of the above additive, mineral components are heated to 70-90°C, mixture of bitumen with the above additive is up to 90-100°C, and mixing of all mixture components is performed at heating of up to 140-170°C. |
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Method of thermal treatment for concrete and reinforced concrete articles Invention relates to construction industry, namely, to the methods of concrete thermal treatment and can be used in construction for manufacturing of precast concrete or reinforced concrete items and structures. The method of thermal treatment for concrete and reinforced concrete items implies cyclic heating by supplying saturated steam, switching the steam supply off, maturing of items, repeated supply of saturated steam, switching the steam supply off, maturing of items up to their cooling. In the first cycle the saturated steam is supplied up to reaching the medium's temperature of 30°C for 0.5 hours, isothermic maturing of items is carried out under the temperature of 30°C for 2.5 hours, in the second cycle the saturated steam is supplied up to reaching the medium's temperature of 40°C for 0.5 hours and isothermic maturing of items is carried out under the temperature of 40°C for 5.5 hours. |
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Geopolymer composite binders with given properties for cement and concrete Invention relates to geopolymer compositions. A dry mixture for a geopolymer binder contains at least one fly ash containing calcium oxide in amount of less than or equal to 15 wt %, at least one gel formation accelerator and at least one hardening accelerator having a composition different from that of said ash. Said dry mixture prepared by mixing with an activator. A geopolymer concrete or mortar composition obtained by mixing said binder with an aggregate. Methods of preparing a concrete or mortar composition using said binder. The invention is developed in subclaims. |
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Method to produce wood concrete products with making base for plastering on their surface In the method to manufacture wood concrete items with production of a base on their surface for plastering, providing for preparation and dosing of a hydraulic binder, ground cane stems, water, mixing of components, moulding of items with vibration, hardening, moulding with vibration is carried out so that cane stems cut into sections with length of 4-6 cm are located near the surface of the items, with one end staying in the mix, and with the other one - protruding outside and forming a base for application of plaster. |
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Method to manufacture non-autoclave concrete foam products Method to produce construction products from foam concrete includes separate preparation of foam and mortar mixture, their mixing or single-stage preparation of foam mass with subsequent laying into moulds, soaking, removal of formwork, steaming and removal of the product mould. At the same time after laying the foam concrete mass onto full volume into a stiff perforated mould it is closed with a cover, creating a closed volume, and connect to the AC network via plate electrodes arranged on two opposite sides of the mould. The mass is exposed to electric heating with current of industrial frequency 50 Hz with voltage of 50-80 V for 15-20 min. After electric treatment the product is maintained for 40-60 min to remove temperature stress and gain structural strength. Then formwork is removed. After this the product heated to 60°C on the tray arrives for further thermal treatment. |
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Photocatalytic composite materials, containing titanium and limestone free from titanium dioxide Invention can be used in production of construction materials. Photocatalytic composite material practically free from titanium dioxide contains limestone in amount at least 0.05% by the weight of sodium and calcium titanate in crystalline phases CT2 and/or CT5, characterised by the following diffraction maximums: CT2: (002) d=4.959; (210-202) d=2.890; (013) d=2.762 and (310-122) d-2.138; CT5: (002) d=8.845; (023) d-4.217; (110) d=3.611 and (006) d=2.948. The empirical formula of calcium titanate in phase CT2 is CaTi2O5, and the empirical formula of calcium titanate in phase CT5 is CaTi5O11. |
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Method to prepare asphalt-concrete mixture In the method to prepare an asphalt-concrete mix by means of mixing of heated mineral components, bitumen and an additive with usage of oil sludge, the additive is a finely dispersed powder, produced intense mixing of a working agent with oil sludge at their ratio of 1.5:1 with addition of water for full lime slaking, treatment of produced product with carbonic acid gas for 10-15 minutes and soaking under tight conditions for 18-30 hr, where the working agent is produced by mixing, wt %: animal fat 1-3, adsorbent produced by pyrolysis of worn car tyres at 850-1100°C with subsequent separation of metal cord and grinding to 10-3÷10-5 m, 18-22, burnt lime ground to 10-3÷10-5 m, balance, with content of bitumen of 66-83% of the mass of the specified additive, mineral components are heated to 70-90°C, the mixture of bitumen with the specified additive - up to 90-100°C, and mixing of all these mixture components is carried out during heating of up to 140-170°C. |
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Method of nano-modified cement preparation and device to this end Invention relates to production of construction materials, particularly, to production of high-strength plasticised cements and concrete and for recovery of the properties of cements that los their activity. Proposed method consists in combined grinding of initial cement with super plasticiser. Note here that, first, cement and super plasticiser are subjected to impact activation at aerodynamic device at acceleration of 35-40 g and frequency of 20000-25000 impact/second. Note also that amount of super plasticiser makes 10-15% of cement bulk. Then, produced nano-modifier in amount of 2-4% of cement bulk is mixed with initial cement in the sinter mixer. Invention covers the device to this end including activation chamber, mixing chamber loader ad unloaders. Note here that activation chamber features aerodynamic design while mixing chamber is equipped with the main and auxiliary sinter mixers. Loader-unloader inlet is connected with mixing chamber outlet is connected with activation chamber. |
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Production of all-purpose construction boards Invention relates to production of construction materials and can be used for production of boards for internal and external facing of whatever buildings, spandrel panels, stair boards and small architectural structures. Proposed method comprises mixing of magnesite binder, organic filler, mineral filler and aqueous solution of magnesium chloride, forming of the articles, their curing and drying. Mineral filler consists of two or more components one of which being a co-precipitated calcium-magnesium component and another one being the perlite. Aqueous solution of magnesium chloride is mixed with corrosion inhibitor before addition to the mix. Note here that ratio of components in common mix is as follows, in wt %: magnesite binder - 10-40, aqueous solution of magnesium chloride with density of 1.1-1.3 g/cm3 - 40-70, organic filler - 4-15, mineral filler - 2-20, and corrosion inhibitor - 0.015-0.025. Plasticiser can be added in amount of 0.01-0.50%, in terms of dry mass, of total weight. |
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Invention relates to construction, particularly to production of cellular concrete particles. Proposed method comprises separate preparation of mortar and water, making foam of surfactant and water, mixing said mortar with foam, foam making, moulding the mix in the mould and thermal processing of article. Mortar is made by mixing water and cement at the following ratio, in wt %: cement - 25.0-58.0, water - 43.0-29.0. Cement is added into vessel with water at constant mixing to obtain homogeneous mortar. At a time, foam-like medium is made by mixing anionic and/or nonionic surfactant in amount of 0.05-0.2% per 30.0-9.0% of water degassed by thermal treatment at 20-95°C. Mixing is conducted by rubber disc fitted on drive shaft at 1000-3000 rpm. Obtained foam-like medium is added to mortar and mixer by mixer composed by piston engaged with drive to reciprocate vertically to produce homogeneous mass. Said mass is poured into molds and solidified at 1-37°C. Now, semi-finished moulded article is withdrawn to be cured at ambient temperature to solid state. |
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Method for production of concrete mixture based on activated water of tempering Proposed is the method for production of concrete mixture by mixing of cement, mineral aggregates and tempering water activated by magnetic field or simultaneous combined impact of magnetic field and electric current. Tempering water is activated by magnetic field with intensity of 630÷640 kA/m with activation time of 0.9÷0.11 sec. When aggregates humidity is increased, activation time is increased to 0.16÷0.18 sec., or magnetic field intensity is increased to 660 kA/m, or both activation time and magnetic field intensity are increased considering maximum plastification of concrete mixture. When activation is performed by combined impact of magnetic field and electric current, electric current value is set as 0.18-0.2 A with increase to 0.5 or 20-25 A with increase to 250 A depending on the apparatus structure. |
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Method of producing heat insulating fireproof material Invention relates to production of building materials and can be used in making fireproof panels, partition walls, ceilings, doors and other structural components, used in construction of civil and industrial buildings in which fire and human safety is required. The method of producing heat insulating fireproof material involves mixing magnesia binder, filler and aqueous magnesium chloride solution, wherein the filler added to the magnesia binder is expanded vermiculite and optionally organic and/or mineral filler and mixing is carried out to obtain a homogeneous mixture of dry components, followed by mixing with aqueous magnesium chloride solution and optionally a plasticiser, moulding articles, drying and finish cutting, with the following ratio of components, wt %: magnesia binder 20-40, expanded vermiculite 1.5-15, aqueous magnesium chloride solution with density of 1.1-1.3 g/cm3 45-70, organic filler 0-18, mineral filler 0-6, plasticiser 0-0.5. |
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Method of making heat insulating articles Invention relates to production of heat insulating building materials in form of slabs, casings and other articles with a given geometrical shape and size. In the method of making heat insulating articles, which involves feeding and mixing expanded vermiculite and liquid glass with density of 1360-1450 kg/m3, followed by moulding and heat treatment, liquid glass with modulus of 2.8-3.2 is used, and the articles are moulded while heating the prepared crude mixture at temperature of 500-550°C for 1 hour, said crude mixture containing, wt %: said liquid glass 70-73, expanded vermiculite 27-30 and said mixture is loaded into dismountable metal moulds equipped with covers with rigid catchers, and packed with compression coefficient Kcom of 1.1-1.5 while filling the entire inner volume of the mould; after cooling to temperature of 120-150°C, the moulds re dismantled and the articles with the given shape and size are removed. The invention is developed in subclaims. |
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Apparatus for determining concrete carbonation kinetics Apparatus has at least two sealed chambers with a U-shaped pipe filled with water for releasing excess pressure in the chamber, inlet and outlet gas-distributing manifolds, filters for cleaning the gas-air medium collected from the chambers and the inside of each chamber is fitted with a ventilator and a bath with a saturated salt solution for creating and maintaining given relative air humidity inside the chamber, connected to the sealed chambers through the inlet gas-distributing manifold and, installed on pipes, electromagnetic valves, a carbon dioxide gas source, an automatic gas analyser with a gas flow activator, a gas distribution switch for alternately collecting samples from the chambers and transferring the samples to the gas analyser through the gas flow activator; the gas analyser is also connected to a computer for automatic monitoring of gas concentration in the sealed chambers and feeding gas into the chambers through the electromagnetic valves. |
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Method to produce acidproof concrete In the method to produce acidproof concrete, including dosing of a filler, a microfiller and components of a binder, mixing, moulding of items, hardening, the filler is siftings from diabase grinding with strength grade of 1200-1400, apparent density p=1470-1500 kg/m3 with the ratio of fractions, wt %: fr. 5 mm - 13.8; fr. 2.5 mm - 34.0; fr. 1.25 mm - 25.5; fr. 0.63 mm - 18.1; fr. 0.315 mm - 4.3; fr. 0.14 mm - 4.3, the microfiller is dust from diabase grinding with residue on the sieve No.008 - 2.5-3%, the binder is ash and alkaline binder, containing fly ash from combustion of brown coals from KATEK TPP-7 of Bratsk and liquid glass from ferrosilicium production wastes from Bratsk ferroalloy plant - microsilica, with silicate module n=1 and density of p=1.35-1.39 g/cm3, with the ratio of components, wt %: the specified fly ash - 19.0-21.0; the specified siftings of diabase - 57.0-63.0; the specified dust of diabase - 1.9-2.1; the specified liquid glass - 13.9-22.1, products are moulded by vibration pressing within 1-2 min., hardening - steaming at the temperature of 85-90°C and atmospheric pressure for 8 hours. |
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Method to manufacture granite-cement products In the method to manufacture granite-cement products from fine-grained concrete, including mixing within 1…5 min. of fine-grained filler - siftings of granite grinding with fraction of 2.5-5 mm, 0.315-0.63 mm and at least 0.14 mm with portland cement, water and plasticising additive - of series Glenium® ACE-430 on the basis of polycarboxylate ether, by vibration pressing of products from the produced mixture, with their subsequent hardening under normal conditions - air temperature - 15…20°C, air moisture - 90…100%, mixing is carried out in grinding-mixing mills with simultaneous vibration with pressure of rollers 0.02…0.05 MPa, vibration at frequency of vibrations 40…50 Hz and amplitude of oscillations 0.7…0.8 mm, and vibration pressing of products is carried out at frequency of oscillations 40-50 Hz, amplitude of oscillations 0.3-0.7 mm and pressure of pressing 3·10-3-6·10-3 MPa. |
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Invention relates to construction, namely, to concrete and reinforced concrete article drying chambers. Proposed chamber comprises walls, detachable translucent cover and heat power feed system. Chamber guard structure and said detachable cover are made of combined material including metal, asbestos sheet, foil with heat insulation provided with air layer confined by two layers of foil. Layer of asbestos at chamber inner walls is covered by foil. IR radiators, portable heat sensor are arranged at chamber bottom while water like with sprinklers is laid around the periphery. Electrical protection contact device is arranged ay chamber r top part. |
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Method of preparing concrete mixture Invention relates to construction and specifically to the technology of preparing concrete mixtures and articles therefrom. The method of preparing a concrete mixture involves mixing a portion of a calculated dose of grouting fluid with cement in a mixer-activator; feeding the remaining portion of the calculated dose of grouting fluid into a concrete mixer with an aggregate; subsequently feeding the suspension obtained in the mixer-activator into the concrete mixer and final mixing of the obtained mixture; the grouting fluid used is water which is poured into the mixer-activator in a volume of (40-70)% of the calculated formation dose of the grouting fluid which is activated when pouring into the mixer-activator by passing it at a rate of (1-2) m/s through a transverse magnetic field whose strength lies in the range of (500-2000) Oe; after pouring into the mixer-activator, said fluid is subjected to additional secondary activation by cavitation disintegration through exposure to ultrasound with frequency higher than the cavitation threshold in the low frequency range from 20 kHz to 100 kHz, and intensity of said ultrasound is in the range of stable cavitation from 1.5 W/cm2 to 2.5 W/cm2, wherein during cavitation disintegration of the grouting fluid, cement is added and stirred; the grouting fluid is poured into the mixer-activator while simultaneously pouring the remaining calculated formation dose of the grouting fluid into the concrete mixer with an aggregate, which is in form of water which, when pouring into the concrete mixer with an aggregate, is magnetised by also passing it at a rate of (1-2) m/s through a transverse magnetic field whose strength is in the range of (500-2000) Oe; after mixing the suspension - cement paste in the mixer-activator for 1-1.5 minutes, it is then discharged into the concrete mixer and the obtained mixture is finally stirred for 1.5-2 minutes. |
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Making article primarily bound by carbonate via carbonisation of alkaline materials Invention relates to making articles by carbonisation. The method of making an article primarily bound by a carbonate involves producing granular alkaline material with pH of at least 8.3, containing at least one alkali-earth metal silicate phase, pressing said material to obtain a workpiece with porosity of not more than 37 vol. % and permeability of at least 1·10-12 cm2, reacting the workpiece, not saturated with moisture, with CO2 at temperature of at least 70°C and pressure of at least 0.5 MPa in the presence of water to obtain at least 5 wt % carbonates. The article primarily bound by a carbonate is obtained using said method. The invention is developed in subclaims. |
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Method of producing heat insulating material Invention relates to construction, particularly to a method of producing heat insulating material based on wood processing wastes. The method of producing heat insulating material involves mixing solution-pretreated wood aggregate, portland cement, an additive and water, followed by moulding and hardening. The wood aggregate used is industrial chips. The solution used to treat the aggregate is 30% sodium glass solution in amount of 10% of the weight of the wood aggregate. The portland cement used is based on portland cement clinker with ultimate strength of 40 MPa, which is premixed with the additive which is in form of powdered calcium chloride with weight content of calcium chloride of at least 90% and in amount of 2% of the weight of portland cement. After mixing said components with water, the mixture is further mixed with process foam from an aqueous solution of 1% protein hydrolysate, with the following ratio of components, wt %: industrial chips - 38-40, said sodium glass solution - 3.8-4.0, portland cement - 39-42, calcium chloride - 0.3-0.36, said process foam - 0.8-0.85, water - the balance. The material is moulded in a press mould at pressure of 0.1÷0.35 MPa, followed by hardening at temperature of 50÷60°C and relative air humidity of 70÷80%. After hardening, a cladding is deposited, the cladding consisting of a polyol and a polyisocyanate, with the following ratio of components, wt %: polyol - 55, polyisocyanate - 45. |
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Method of preparing concrete mixture Invention relates to the industry of construction materials and specifically to methods of preparing a concrete mixture. The method of preparing a concrete mixture involves measured feeding into a concrete mixture of cement, aggregate and hardening liquid, followed by agitation of said mixture. The disclosed method is characterised by that before feeding cement into the concrete mixture, the cement particles are charged with a positive or negative electrostatic charge by passing them through a mesh electrode across which a high negative or positive potential is applied, the magnitude of which lies in the (8-10) kV range. The hardening liquid used is activated water, wherein if the cement particles are charged with a negative electrostatic charge, the activated hardening liquid is an anolyte having redox potential (Eh)an in the range of [250≤(Eh)an≤1200] mV, and if the cement particles are charged with a positive electrostatic charge, the activated hardening liquid used is a catholyte having redox potential (Eh)cat in the range of [-820≤(Eh)cat≤300] mV. |
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Method of processing puzzolanes Invention may be used for making concrete mixes, mortars and other mixes containing cement. Method of processing puzzolanes including slag and flue ash such as Class F and/or Class C comprises subjecting puzzolanes to high-intensity grinding in appropriate grinders. Note here that low-density hollow particles as larger particles of slag get decomposed to activate surface of said particles to make finished product feature the following distribution of particles by sizes (in wt %): ≤5 micron - 15-25, ≤10 micron - 30-40, ≤30 micron - 90-95. Invention is developed in its subclaims. |
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Method of producing dry concrete filler and area for producing dry concrete filler Invention relates to production of concrete filler and the industry of building materials and can be used in producing concrete or mortar used in making concrete and reinforced concrete articles and structures for prefabricated and monolithic construction. The method of producing dry concrete filler involves separating the 0-40 fraction, re-grinding in a grinding apparatus the product of grinding the fraction larger than 20, and separating and dispersing the 0-20 fraction. Further, the product of grinding the 0-40 fraction is activated in two steps. The first activation step is carried out in a drying apparatus and the second step is carried out in a grinding apparatus: particles of the 2.5-40 fractions are cubed and particles of the 0-2.5 fractions are granulated. When separating the 0-20 fraction, along with known fractions 15-20; 10-15, the 3-10; 0-3 fraction is selected and the 0-3 fraction is dispersed on an air classifier with separation of the 1.25-3 fraction; along with known fractions 0.63-1.25; 0.31-0.63; 0.16-0.31, 0-0.16. An area for producing dry concrete filler using the disclosed method is also described. |
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Method of producing gypsum binder Invention relates to a method of producing gypsum binder. The method of producing gypsum binder by dry processing of starting material which is phosphogypsum and/or gypsum rock and a modifying additive, involving mixing, heat treatment and grinding the starting material under the action of an external alternating electromagnetic field in the frequency range of 10-1000 Hz with field strength of up to 100 kA/m in the presence of magnetic-susceptible granular filler with further separation of the obtained dry powder into gypsum binder and magnetic-susceptible granular filler. |
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Method of producing acid-resistant concrete Invention relates to the industry of structural materials and can be used when making construction products and structures from acid-resistant concrete. In the method of producing acid-resistant concrete, involving preparation of an aluminosilicate binder component, feeding an aggregate and binder components, mixing, moulding articles, ageing and subsequent solidification thereof, the aggregate used is a waste ash-slag mixture from Irkutsk TPP-6, Bratsk, with packed density ρ=1200-1450 kg/m3, grain size of 0.315-10.0 mm and moisture content of 1-1.5%, with the following ratio of grains of fractions, %: 10 mm - 9.9; 5 mm - 49.6; 2.5 mm - 10.2; 1.25 mm - 13.9; 0.63 mm 10.6; 0.315 mm - 5.8; the binder used is alkaline-ash binder consisting of 35 wt % field I flue ash and 65 wt % field II flue ash, obtained from burning Kansk-Achinsk brown coal at TPP-7 Bratsk, Irkutsk region, and liquid glass made from large-tonnage wastes from production of ferrosilicon at the Bratsk Ferroalloy Plant - microsilica, consisting of 10-15% crystalline and 85-90% amorphous component, with silica modulus n=0.9-1.5 and density ρ=1.3 0-1.42 g/cm3, with the following ratio of components, wt %: said field I ash - 7.30-7.50; said field II ash - 13.05-13.90; said liquid glass - 14.40-16.70; said ash-slag mixture - 62.50-64.20; preparation is carried out by grinding the aluminosilicate component in a ball mill for 15 minutes; the articles are moulded by vibration, after which they are held for 3 hours at temperature T=18-22°C, and solidification takes place in a steam treatment chamber at temperature T=85-90°C in a 2+4+2 hour mode. |
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Concrete with low clinker content Method of producing a wet concrete composition, including a step of mixing: portland clinker in form of grains having Dv97 from 10 to 30 mcm or having a Blaine specific surface of not less than 5300 cm2/g, preferably not less than 5500 cm2/g, the minimum quantity of the clinker in kg/m3 being determined according to formula (V) for clinker having Dv97 from 10 to 30 mcm, or according to formula (VI) for clinker having Blaine specific surface of not less than 5300 cm2/g: [(90 x ln(Dv97k)) - 150] x (Weff - 140) (V) wherein Dv97k is Dv97 of clinker given in mcm, Weff is the quantity of effective water in l/m3; [(-0.021 x BSSk) + 263] x (Weff - 140) (VI) wherein BSSk is the Blaine specific surface of clinker given in cm2/g, Weff is the quantity of effective water in l/m3; - slag, of which the minimum quantity in kg/m3 is determined according to formula (VII) in the case of a mixture with clinker having Dv97 from 10 to 30 mcm, or according to formula (VIII) in the case of a mixture with clinker having Blaine specific surface of not less than 5300 cm2/g: (3500 - BSSS) x [-90 x ln(Dv97k) + 310] x (Weff - 140) (VII) wherein Dv97k is the Dv97 of clinker given in mcm, BSSS is the Blaine specific surface of slag given in cm2/g, (3500 - BSSS) x [0.021x BSSk - 103] x (Weff - 140) (VIII) wherin BSSk and BSSS are respectively the Blaine specific surface of the clinker and the slag given in cm2/g, Weff the quantity of effective water in l/m3; - calcium sulphate; additional materials having Dv90 of not more than 200 mcm, of which the minimum quantity in kg/m3 is determined according to the following formula (IX): 220- (quantity of slag)-(quantity of clinker)-(quantity of calcium sulphate); - 1500-2200 kg/m3, preferably, - 1700-2000 kg/m3 aggregates; plasticiser; - optionally an accelerator and/or an air-entraining agent and/or a thickening agent and/or a retarder and/or a clay-inhibiting agent; with 140-220 l/m3 of effective water, the total quantity of clinker in the wet concrete being not more than 200 kg/m3. The present invention also relates to a wet concrete composition obtained by mixing with water and an object made from the solidified concrete mix. |
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Invention relates to the industry of building materials and can be used when making construction products and structures from concrete. In the method of producing concrete, involving preparation of an aluminosilicate binder component, feeding an aggregate and binder components, mixing, moulding articles, ageing and solidification thereof, the aggregate used is screenings from grinding diabase with crushing strength Cr=8, packed density ρ=1560-1585 kg/m3 and fineness modulus Mf=3.6-3.9, with the following ratio of fractions, %: 5-10 mm - 15.1-47.3, 1.25-2.5 mm - 22.8-33.1, 0.315-0.63 mm - 7.8-46.2, 0.14 mm and less - 4.0-16.3, and the binder used consists of 50 wt % field II flue ash and 50 wt % waste ash-slag mixture obtained when burning brown coal from KATEK at Bratsk Thermal Power Plant, and liquid glass produced from large-tonnage ferrosilicon wastes from Bratsk Ferroalloy Plant - microsilica, with packed density of 180-200 kg/m3 and containing up to 10-15 wt % impurities, with silica modulus n=0.9-1.3 and density ρ=1.28-1.42 g/cm3 with the following ratio of components, wt %: said field II flue ash 10.75-10.94, said waste ash-slag mixture - 10.75-10.94, said diabase screenings - 64.50-65.64, said liquid glass - 12.48-14.00; preparation of the aluminosilicate component involves mixed grinding in a ball mill of ash and the waste ash-slag mixture for 20 minutes; moulding is carried out by vibration, after which ageing is carried out for 6 hours in air-dry conditions at temperature of 18-20°C, and solidification is carried out by steaming at temperature of 85°C in the 2+4+2 hour mode. |
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Method of producing acid-resistant concrete Invention relates to the industry of building materials and can be used when making construction products and structures from acid-resistant concrete. In the method of producing acid-resistant concrete, involving preparation of an aluminosilicate binder component, feeding an aggregate and binder components, mixing, moulding articles, pre-ageing and subsequent solidification thereof, the aggregate used is screenings from grinding diabase containing 5-9 wt % powdery and clay impurities, characterised by crushing strength Cr=8, packed density ρ=1550-1700 kg/m3 and fineness modulus Mf=4.0-3.7, with the following ratio of fractions, %: 10 mm - 12.3; 5 mm - 22.8; 2.5 mm -16.6; 1.25 mm - 7.1%; 0.63 mm - 14.6; 0.315 mm - 15.1; 0.14 mm- 8.2; less than 0.14 mm - 3.3; the binder used is composite ash-alkaline binder consisting of 60 wt % field I flue ash and 40 wt% waste ash-slag mixture consisting of 17 wt % ash and 83 wt % slag, obtained from burning KATEK brown coal at Bratsk Thermal Power Plant, and liquid glass made from large-tonnage ferrosilicon wastes from the Bratsk Ferroalloy Plant - microsilica, containing 1-3 wt % ρ-SiC and 5-7 wt % C, with silica modulus n=1 and density ρ=1.30-1.45 g/cm3 with the following ratio of components, wt %: said field I flue ash 12.9-13.2; said waste ash-slag mixture 8.6-8.8; said diabase screenings 64.5-65.7; said liquid glass 12.4-14.0; the aluminosilicate component is prepared by mixed grinding in a ball mill of the ash and waste ash-slag mixture for 30 minutes to sieve No.008 residue or 0.7-0.8%; articles are moulded by vibration for 1-2 minutes, after which they are held at temperature of 18-20 C in a moist chamber for 3-6 hours, and solidification is carried out by steaming at temperature of 80-85°C and atmospheric pressure for 7 hours. |
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Electromagnetic treatment of concrete mix and device to this end Invention relates to construction, particularly, to electromagnetic treatment of concrete mixes. Proposed method comprises loading the mix inside concrete mixer vibratory electric reactor accommodating three electrodes, mix heating, vibration and unloading. Prior to loading concrete mix inert components, water is heated in two-circuit process in electrode vessel to 80°C, heat carrier being transferred by electrically driven pump into second external circuit with cold water tank for mixing with hot flow. Then, said inert components are mixed with concrete by blades to discharge made mix directly via concrete mixer reduction gear and motor and loading branch pipe into hot water tank at 40°C. Then, electrically drive vibrators are connected. |
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Mixture containing quarternary ammonium compound and its application Mixture according to the invention may be produced so that a) at least one quarternary organic ammonium compound and at least one water soluble organic polymer are mixed with each other in water and optionally the produced water mix is then dried, or b) at least one powdered quarternary organic ammonium compound and at least one powdered water soluble organic polymer are mixed with each other, or c) at least one liquid and/or dissolved quarternary organic ammonium compound is applied onto at least one powdered water soluble organic polymer, in particular, with the help of spraying, adsorbing, mixing, drying in a pseudofluidised layer and/or granulation. |
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Method to produce foam ceramics and items from it In the method for production of foam ceramics and items from it, including mixing of clayey stock or mixture of a clayey stock and a filler with a foaming and a shape-stabilising agent, moulding and baking of items, the foaming and shape-stabilising agent is an aqueous solution of sodium or potassium silicate with density of 1350 kg/m3, and the produced mixture is exposed to microwave electromagnetic radiation with frequency of absorption of the specified radiation with water to form a swollen mass, which is sent via a hole, to produce items of the shape set by the hole, its hardening, at the following ratio of components, wt %: clayey stock 55 - 60, specified aqueous solution of silicate 40 - 45. |
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Emulsifying polymers and use thereof Invention relates to emulsifying polymers and use of these polymers for stable emulsification of hydrophobic additives in aqueous concrete plasticisers. Disclosed is a polymer P, obtained via copolymerisation (a) of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer A selected from a group consisting of unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids, sulphonic acids, phosphonic acids in form of free acids or salts or partial salts or halide or anhydride, with (b) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer B of formula , |
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Method of preparing concrete mixture Invention relates to a method of preparing a concrete mixture and can be used in construction. In the method of preparing a concrete mixture, a catholyte is first poured into a turbulent mixer-activator in amount of 40-70% of the calculated prescribed dose of the tempering liquid, said catholyte having (pH)cath in the range 9≤(pH)cath≤13.5, which, when pouring, is passed at a rate of 1-2 m/s through an transverse magnetic field with field strength of 500-2000 Oe; cement is then poured into the turbulent mixer-activator, where particles of said cement are charged with a positive electrostatic charge when pouring, for which the cement is passed through a gauze electrode at a positive high voltage of 10-12 kV; the magnetic catholyte is then mixed with said cement in the turbulent mixer-activator while heating with a current uniformly distributed in the volume of the cement paste. The remaining portion of the tempering liquid from the calculated dose is poured into the concrete mixer with the aggregate while simultaneously pouring the tempering liquid into the turbulent mixer-activator, where said tempering liquid is said catholyte or anolyte having (pH)an in the range 1.5≤(pH)an≤6.5, where said tempering liquid is also passed at a rate of 1-2 m/s through a transverse magnetic field with field strength of 500-2000 Oe; after mixing and heating the cement paste suspension to given temperature, it is also poured into the concrete mixer and said mixture is finally stirred. |
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Method of producing foamed concrete Invention relates to construction and can be used in making articles from foamed concrete. The method of producing foamed concrete involves preparation of a concrete mixture, adding a foaming agent - aluminium powder, ultrasonic treatment of the mixture, subsequent moulding and hardening. After preparation of the concrete mixture, resonator centres are formed therein in form of separate accumulations of fine particles, for which crude aluminium powder is added to the mixture and a low-speed mixing mode is set - blade rotational speed of 180 rpm. The mixture undergoes ultrasonic treatment, crude aluminium powder is added to the mixture and a high-speed mixing mode is set - blade rotational speed of 620 rpm. The invention is developed in subclaims. |
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Method for cellular construction material production In the method to produce a cellular construction material, including mixing of silica-containing and alkaline components and water at the ratio of alkaline component content to content of a silica-containing component from 0.08 to 0.40 and ratio of total content of silica-containing and alkaline components to water content up to 5.3 to produce a homogeneous silicate mass, its drying and grinding, filling the mass into moulds and heating to swelling temperature in the range from 650 to 900°C with further cooldown to ambient temperature, the silicate mass after drying is ground to the particle size of 3.5-20 mm, and heating of the mass to swelling temperature is carried out at continuous temperature increase. |
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Method to prepare concrete includes mixing of a binder, a filler and additives, tempering, laying the mix into moulds, compaction. For tempering a liquid is used, which is saturated with carbon dioxide, at the same time the mix is laid into a mould and compacted with ultrasound with frequency of 15-25 kHz, and in 3.5-4.5 hr it is again treated with the carbonated liquid. |
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Method of producing heat-insulating material Invention relates to the construction industry, particularly a method of producing heat-insulating material, which enables to obtain material (article) simultaneously having low coefficient of heat conductivity, environmental and fire safety, wide operating temperature range and high mechanical strength. The method involves preparation of the starting composition of the material by mixing its components, foaming the composition, pouring and solidification thereof in a mould, wherein the composition contains 30-50% liquid sodium glass with silica modulus 2.8-4.5, a hardener based on compounds which release acid into water, a foaming agent, filler and water. Components of the mixture are prepared separately before mixing. The liquid sodium glass is first heated. The long-fibre filler is soaked in water. Foam is prepared from a foaming solution which a 1.5-3.2% aqueous solution of triethanolammonium or a sodium lauryl sulphate. Feeding foam starts during preliminary mixing of liquid glass, filler suspension and hardener, wherein mixing of the foamed composition continues until formation of a homogeneous mixture. A thermally insulated mould is then filled with the foamed composition and then exposed to electromagnetic radiation followed by drying, wherein the composition contains components or mixture thereof in any ratio, with the following content of components in wt %: curable base - 30-50% liquid sodium glass with silica modulus 2.8-4.5 71-77, hardener - either sodium hexafluorosilicate (Na2SiF6) or sodium hexafluorotitanate (Na2TiF6) or mixture thereof in any ratio of components 8.5-9.1, foaming agent - either triethanolammonium or sodium lauryl sulphate 0.9-3.2, filler - either A5 or A4 or A3 or A2 chrysotile asbestos 2.4-5.5, water - the balance. |
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Aqueous compositions of polymer-modified setting agents and use thereof in construction Present invention relates to aqueous compositions of polymer-modified setting agents, production method thereof, as well as aqueous concrete mixtures containing aqueous compositions of polymer-modified setting agents, a method of preparing said concrete mixtures and use thereof, for example, in building construction, mine construction or tunnel construction. The technical result is higher strength of concrete with said modified setting agents during early hardening stages. The aqueous compositions of polymer-modified setting agents contain one or more setting agents and one or more cation-stabilised polymers containing one or more polymers based on ethylenically unsaturated monomers and one or more cation-active protective colloids. In the method of preparing aqueous compositions of said polymer-modified setting agents, one or more setting agents and one or more cation-stabilised polymers are mixed with each other in the presence of water. Aqueous concrete mixtures containing cement, aggregates, as well as optional additives, contain said aqueous composition of polymer-modified setting agents. In the method of preparing said aqueous concrete mixture by mixing cement, aggregates and optionally other additives, at least one aqueous composition of polymer-modified setting agents is added. In the method of making a concrete composite structure, said aqueous concrete mixtures are deposited into one layer or several layers stacked one on top of the other, between which or in which structural elements are embedded if necessary. The invention is developed in subclaims. |
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Method to make decorative items with filler from amber and/or wastes of its processing (versions) According to the first version, the method to make decorative items with a filler from amber and/or wastes of its processing with thickness of not more than 20 mm includes preparation of a moulding compound, at the ratio of components, wt %: caustic magnesite 20-25 filler - amber 10-15 magnesium chloride solution 20-25 filler - quartz sand balance, which is poured into a mould of the necessary size, compacted with vibration for 0.5 - 1 minute, dried at 13-30°C for 1-3 days, then taken out of the mould, ground, polished, final polishing is done, for instance, with a mixture from paraffin and wax for setting or, if required, coated with a varnish. The second and third versions are characterised for the method of making decorative items. |
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Method to prepare concrete mix on porous filler In the method to prepare a light concrete mixture on a porous filler, including mixing of portland cement with an additive, a porous filler and tempering water, first a superplasticiser additive in the amount of 0.4-0.5% of portland cement mass is added into 50-60% of the total amount of tempering water and mixed with portland cement during 50-60 s, then the whole porous filler is added, such as highly light porous filler with medium density of not more than 250 kg/m3, and again mixed for 70-80 s, afterwards the remaining part of tempering water is added, and the mixture is finally mixed for 30-40 s. |
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Method to produce heat insulation structural building material Method to produce a heat insulation structural building material includes mixing of siliceous rock and an alkaline component to produce a homogeneous mass, subsequent thermal treatment at its temperature of 500-600°C, grinding of the produced silicate material, besides, after grinding of the silicate material the produced powder is partially hydrolysed by adding water in it in amount of 4-12 wt % from the mass of dry powder in process of mixing until the powder swells, filling into refractory moulds and annealing. Besides, mixing of the produced powder is preferably carried out in an agitator of a mixer type, filling is carried out into a refractory mould, where reinforcement of refractory metal is fixed, and subsequent annealing is carried out at 750-850°C, preferably steel reinforcement shall be used, reinforcement from refractory material coated with liquid glass is used. |
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Method to produce heat insulation and insulant material for building products Method to produce heat insulation and insulant material for building products includes mixing of a binder based on amorphous silica with dispersion of 1-10 mm with loose heat insulation filler with dispersion of 0.5-15.0 mm for 3-10 minutes until a homogeneous dry mixture is produced, subsequent tempering of the dry mixture with an aqueous solution of an alkaline component during subsequent mixing for 1-5 minutes and subsequent moulding of products by method of their pressing with force of 5.0-10.2 kg/cm2 with subsequent thermal treatment at 150-850°C. The other version of the method includes mixing of the binder with a loose heat insulation filler, introduction of an alkali-containing component into the mixture, subsequent mixing to produce a homogeneous mass and moulding of products by the method of semidry pressing. |
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Construction material (versions) and method of making articles from said material (versions) Invention is primarily meant to make construction articles such as blocks, partitions, walls and other building structures using ground organic filler in form of cellulose-containing wastes from crop husbandry and wood-processing industry. To obtain the initial moulding mixture, the cellulose-containing crop husbandry wastes used are the hard parts of the plants crushed to particles not bigger than 30 mm and dried to moisture content of not more than 10%, the wood processing wastes - industrial wood chips not bigger than 1 mm, the electrolyte used is liquid glass (Na2SiO3) in form of a 1.5-1.75% aqueous solution and the calcium-containing materials used are cement production wastes, calcite and limestone, which are dehydrated and crushed to powdered state. Versions of the construction material and the method of making articles from said material are described. |
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Cement grout composition with stable foam and method of preparing said composition Present invention relates to a foamed cement composition for use in different cell cementing operations, as well as a method of producing the foamed cement composition. The foamed cement composition contains a foaming composition which contains cement, a water-based liquid in amount ranging from approximately 20 wt% to 80 wt% of the weight of the cement, a foaming composition containing an ionic gel system in amount ranging from approximately 0.05 wt % to 10 wt % of the weight of the water-based liquid, where the ionic gel system contains a charged polymer and an oppositely charged surfactant, and a gas in amount ranging from approximately 5 vol. % to 85 vol. % of the volume of the foaming composition for preparing the foamed cement composition. The method of preparing the foamed cement composition involves adding cement to the water-based liquid, adding a first additive composition containing a charged polymer, a stabilising agent and water, adding a second additive composition containing an oppositely charged surfactant, where the charged polymer and the oppositely charged surfactant form the ionic gel system, and injecting gas which is sufficient to form the foamed cement composition. The invention is developed in subclaims. |
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Method to produce construction items based on silica-containing binder Method includes preparation of silica-containing binder with density of 1.3-2.4 g/cm3, module 15-30, from the mixture containing inorganic bond, a silica-containing component, a hydrofluoric acid salt in amount of 0.5-10.0 wt % of the mixture, and water, during their intensive mixing in a high-speed mixer at their mixing speed of 2600-6000 rpm, frequency of particle oscillations 3600-45000 rpm, heating at 80-90°C or under effect of electric current with intensity of 15-40 W and current force of up to 60 A, with subsequent cooling during mixing with speed from 40 to 100 rpm at 15-25°C within 10-12 hours or air aeration at 10-20°C within 6-11 hours, preparation of moulding material is carried out by mixing 9.0-13.5 wt % of this produced binder and 86.5-91.0 wt % of the silica-containing filler with moisture of not more than 6% and dispersion of 4-50 mcm or 60-150 mcm, or 0.2-25 mm, homogenisation of masses, formation by means of vibration casting or surface vibration compaction, or by means of vibration pressing, or semidry pressing with force from 1.0 to 400 kg/cm2 on a press or on a conveyor with pressing force from 150 to 600 kg/cm2, thermal treatment is carried out at the temperature of 400-950°C, and when hot fillers are used from the ones listed above, thermal treatment is carried out at 85-95°C. The invention is developed in dependent claims. |
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Raw mixture and way of production of foamed silicate heat insulation material Invention refers to production of building materials, in particular to production of flameproof heat insulating plate materials. The raw mixture for production of foam silicate heat insulating material including liquid glass, microsilica, additionally contains a filler - basaltic flakes, mica or talc and silicone oil from the range of polyalkylene hydrid siloxane and/or polyalkylene siloxane with the following component ratio, weight %: microsilica 2-15, silicone oil 0,1-10, the mentioned filler 0-5, liquid glass the rest. The way of production of foam silicone material with the use of the above mentioned mixture includes mixing of the components, heating of the mixture at the temperature of 75-100°C until it gets thickened, its graining, drying of the obtained grains up to the moisture level of 30-38 % with subsequent high-temperature processing in the closed mould at 250-450°C within 30-40 min. |
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Method of preparing concrete mixture Invention relates to the technology of preparing concrete mixtures and articles therefrom. In the method of preparing a concrete mixture, involving mixing a portion of hardening liquid with cement in a turbulence mixer-activator, and simultaneous electrical heating thereof using current from an industrial network to a given temperature, adding the remaining portion of the hardening liquid into a concrete mixer with filler, followed by adding the obtained heated suspension into the concrete mixer and final stirring of the obtained mixture, an anolyte in volume of (40-70)% of the hardening liquid is first poured into the turbulent mixer-activator, said anolyte having (pH)an in the range of 1.5≤(pH)an≤6 which, in the process of pouring into the turbulent mixer-activator, is passed at a speed of (1-2) m/s through a transverse magnetic field with strength of (500-2000) Oe, after which cement is poured into the turbulent mixer-activator, where during the filling process, the cement particles are charged with a negative electrostatic charge, for which the cement is passed through a gauze electrode across which a high negative voltage is applied, the absolute value of which lies in the range of (10-12) kV, the magnetic anolyte is then mixed with the electrostatically charged cement particles in the turbulent mixer-activator, simultaneously with pouring the hardening liquid into the turbulent mixer-activator, the remaining portion of the hardening liquid is poured into the concrete mixer with filler, said hardening liquid being said anolyte or catholyte, having (pH)cat lying in the range of 9≤(pH)cat≤13.5, where said hardening liquid - anolyte or catholyte when pouring into the concrete mixer with filler is also passed at a speed of (1-2) m/s through a transverse magnetic field whose strength lies in the range of (500-2000) Oe, and after stirring and heating the suspension - cement paste to given temperature, it is also poured into the concrete mixer and the obtained mixture is finally stirred. |
Another patent 2513127.