Chemical-electric method for production of aluminium-zirconium master alloys |
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IPC classes for russian patent Chemical-electric method for production of aluminium-zirconium master alloys (RU 2515730):
    
Method for obtaining magnesium-calcium alloys by electrolysis / 2495159
Method for obtaining magnesium-calcium alloys involves electrolysis of molten electrolyte. As molten electrolyte there used is waste electrolyte of magnesium production, which contains the following, wt %: KCl not less than 68, NaCl 12-24, MgCl2 4-9, CaCl2 0.7-2. Electrolysis is performed at superposition of alternating current on direct current at maintaining total current density equal to 0.3-0.8 A/cm2, and its reduction proportionally to reduction of content of magnesium and calcium in the electrolyte. As a result, magnesium-calcium alloy is obtained, wt %: Mg 60-80; Ca 20-40 and mixture of chlorides, which contains the following, wt %: NaCl 15-25; KCl 75-85; MgCl2 0.1-0.4; CaCl2 0.04-0.2.
 Method of producing aluminium alloys by electrolysis / 2401327
Proposed method comprises introducing the cathode of alloying elements from slightly soluble aluminium into molten aluminium by diluting it in potash cryolite-aluminous melt or a mix of potash and sodium cryolite-aluminous melt, or in sodium cryolite-aluminous melt at 700-960°C and anode current density of 0.2-1.5 A/cm2 and reducing alloying elements in molten aluminium on cathode. Metal allot or cermet, or ceramic material with the content of alloying elements of 2-97 wt %, are used as slightly anode. Stannous, nickel, iron, copper, zinc, chromium, cobalt and silicon are used as alloying elements.
 Method of production of aluminium-silicon alloy in electrolytic cell for production of aluminium / 2383662
Method consists in supply of fluoric salts, oxygen containing aluminium and silicon-fluoric sodium into electrolyte; also alumina and/or hydro-oxide of aluminium are used as oxygen containing composition of aluminium; mixture of silicon-fluoride sodium and oxygen containing composition of aluminium is supplied into electrolyte at weight ratio 1:(1.5÷5.0) in terms of alumina; while an installation of automatic feeding of electrolytic cell is used for supply of materials into electrolyte.
 The method of processing waste from electrolytic refining of aluminium / 2222642
The invention relates to ferrous metallurgy and can be used for processing of anode sludge formed during electrolytic refining of aluminum
 The production method of silumin / 2065510
The invention relates to the production of aluminum-silicon alloys
 The method of obtaining an aluminum-silicon alloy and sodium aluminium fluoride in the electrolytic cell for aluminium production / 2047671
The invention relates to ferrous metallurgy and can be used in the production of aluminum-silicon alloys and cryolite in the cell for obtaining aluminium
 The method of obtaining an aluminum-silicon alloy in the electrolytic cell for aluminum production / 2037569
The invention relates to ferrous metallurgy and can be used to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy in the electrolytic cell for aluminum production
 The method of producing alloys aluminum - strontium and electrolyzer for its implementation / 2010893
The invention relates to the metallurgy of non-ferrous metals and for receiving aluminum-strontium master alloys used for modification of aluminum alloys
Method for obtaining aluminium-scandium alloy combination / 2507291
Method for obtaining aluminium-scandium alloy combination involves aluminium melting, aluminothermic reduction of scandium from initial charge containing scandium fluoride, calcium chloride and sodium fluoride under cover flux and further exposure of the obtained molten metal. Prior to aluminothermic reduction the initial charge is placed into a melting pot and pre-heated to the temperature of 790°C, and then, it is added to molten aluminium and aluminothermic reduction is performed at the temperature of at least 830°C. After the molten metal exposure, separate pouring of salt and metal melt is performed. An initial charge containing the following component ratio, wt %, is used: scandium fluoride - 40-45; potassium chloride - 40-45; sodium fluoride is the rest. Pre-heating of the initial charge can be performed in a graphite melting pot pre-saturated with cryolite, or in a melting pot from glass carbon.
Modifying alloying bar al-sc-zr / 2497971
Alloying bar contains the following, wt %: scandium 0.8-1.5, zirconium 0.8-1.5; at least one of the following elements: manganese up to 0.10, chrome up to 0.10, titanium up to 0.10, molybdenum up to 0.10, iron up to 0.30, silicon up to 0.20, and aluminium is the rest.
 Method for obtaining titanium-containing alloy for steel alloying / 2497970
Reaction powder mixture containing 45-88 wt % of titanium-containing component and 12-55 wt % of silicon-containing component is prepared. Powders with particle size of less than 5 mm are used. After that, an exothermic reaction of combustion in inert atmosphere is initiated in the mixture.
Method to produce aluminium-copper alloys / 2486271
Aluminium alloy is prepared, reheated over alloy liquidus curve temperature. Copper is added into the aluminium melt in the form of a wire, at the same time electric current is sent between the wire and the melt. Wire melting is carried out without formation of an arc at the ratio of current density to speed of wire feed equal to 0.3-1.0·1010 A·s/m.
 Alloy of out-of-furnace production of steel and iron and blend to this end / 2483134
Proposed composition contains the following substances, in wt %: titanium - 30- 50, zirconium - 1-25, silicon - 15-30, aluminium - 0.1-3, iron making the rest. For production of proposed alloy the blend is used that contains ilmenite concentrate, rutile, coal, quartz sand, quartzite, and zirconium concentrate.
Alloy for alloying of steel with titanium / 2482210
Alloy contains the following components, wt %: titanium 45-75, silicon 5-45, aluminium 5-15, carbon not more than 0.2, iron - balance, at the same time the mass ratio of titanium to aluminium is within the limits from 3:1 to 15:1.
Method for production of aluminium-zirconium ligature (versions) / 2482209
For production of aluminium-zirconium ligature, aluminothermal recovery of zirconium is carried out from its compounds in the environment of melted metal halogenides. Zirconium is recovered from its fluoride or oxide, and also from fluozirconate or oxifluozirconate of alkaline or alkaline-earth metal in presence of potassium chloride, sodium fluoride and aluminium fluoride, introduced into the melt or formed in the process of aluminothermy. The temperature of the process amounts to 850-1150°C. Recovery is carried out under the layer of chloride cover flux, containing potassium and sodium chlorides at the following ratio of components, in the mixture, wt %: potassium chloride 42-45, sodium chloride - balance. The melt is soaked for 15-30 minutes, and bars are poured. The invention makes it possible to produce bars of ligature with homogeneous structure with dimensions of intermetallides of up to 15-30 mcm, at the same time non-return losses of zirconium are reduced down to 7-9%, environmental characteristics of the process are improved.
Alloy combination for production of castings from high-strength cast-iron (versions) / 2480530
As per Version 1, alloy combination contains the following, wt %: silicon 22.0-30.0, magnesium 9.0-12.0, cerium 0.4-0.6, copper is the rest; as per Version 2, alloy combination contains the following, wt %: silicon 22.0-30.0; magnesium 9.0-12.0, misch metal 0.8-1.2, and copper is the rest.
Method for obtaining nitrogen-containing alloy for alloying of steel and cast iron, and nitrogen-containing alloy for steel and cast iron alloying / 2479659
Bearing titanium-chrome ferroalloy is crushed to powder with particle size of less than 0.2 mm. Titanium-chrome ferroalloy contains the following, wt %: chrome - 5.0-35.0, titanium - 15.0-30.0, aluminium - 5.0-10.0, silicon - 5.0-8.0, and iron is the rest. Total amount of Ti, Cr, Si, Al is 30.0-82.0 wt %. Powder is loaded to the container that is moved to a SHS reactor; an exothermic burning reaction is initiated in a layer-by-layer mode at nitrogen pressure of 1.0-15.0 MPa.
 Method for obtaining aluminium-titanium alloy combination (versions) / 2477759
Invention refers to non-ferrous metallurgy and can be used for obtaining alloys based on aluminium. In order to obtain aluminium-titanium alloy combination, alumino-thermal reduction of titanium from its compounds is performed in the environment of molten halogenides of metals. Titanium is reduced from its fluoride or oxide, as well as from fluorotitanate or oxyfluorotitanate of alkali or alkali-earth metal in presence of potassium chloride, sodium fluoride and aluminium fluoride, which are introduced to molten metal or formed during aluminothermic process. The temperature of the process is 850-1150°C. Reduction is performed under the layer of covering flux chloride, which contains potassium and sodium chlorides at the following ratio of components in the mixture, wt %: potassium chloride 42-45, sodium chloride is the rest. Molten metal is exposed during 15-30 minutes and poured into billets. The invention allows obtaining billets of the alloy combination with homogeneous structure with intermetallides with the size of up to 15-30 mcm, reducing non-collectable titanium scrap to 7-9% and improving environmental characteristics of the process.
 Method of making composite material / 2509818
Hardening agent powder is prepared by mechanical doping of the mix of nanopowders of boron-bearing material in amount of 2-25 wt % of the mix for making composite and tungsten in amount of 1-30 wt % of said mix obtain composite powder mix of uniformity of 75-85 %. Powder of aluminium or its alloys is added to produced mix in amount of 100 wt % of aforesaid mix to go on with mechanical doping for 0.5-5 hours at the rate of 100-1000 rom. Obtained mix is degassed at 0.6-0.8 of aluminium fusion point, sintered and subjected to hot extrusion through die hole at 3000-15000 MPa at the press of capacity not lower than 500 t.
Method for obtaining aluminium-scandium alloy combination / 2507291
Method for obtaining aluminium-scandium alloy combination involves aluminium melting, aluminothermic reduction of scandium from initial charge containing scandium fluoride, calcium chloride and sodium fluoride under cover flux and further exposure of the obtained molten metal. Prior to aluminothermic reduction the initial charge is placed into a melting pot and pre-heated to the temperature of 790°C, and then, it is added to molten aluminium and aluminothermic reduction is performed at the temperature of at least 830°C. After the molten metal exposure, separate pouring of salt and metal melt is performed. An initial charge containing the following component ratio, wt %, is used: scandium fluoride - 40-45; potassium chloride - 40-45; sodium fluoride is the rest. Pre-heating of the initial charge can be performed in a graphite melting pot pre-saturated with cryolite, or in a melting pot from glass carbon.
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FIELD: electricity. SUBSTANCE: in the method anode galvanostatic polarisation of zirconium with current density of 0.5-4.0 mAcm-2 is carried out within 1-5 hours in the melted chlorides of alkali metals or a mixture of chlorides of alkali metals and alkali-earth metals, which contain melted aluminium or aluminium-magnesium alloy at a temperature of 700-750°C in argon environment. EFFECT: invention allows receipt of aluminium-zirconium master alloys at reduction of the process temperature, labour intensity and provision of environmental safety. 3 ex, 6 dwg
The invention relates to electrochemical obtaining ligature aluminium-zirconium alloys in molten chlorides of alkali metals or a mixture of chlorides of alkali and alkaline earth metals and can be used to obtain a new heat-resistant aluminum alloys in the metal and electrical industry. Retrieving ligature aluminium-zirconium alloys conventional metallurgical methods is extremely difficult due to the large difference in the melting temperature of the aluminum and the modifier metal (662°With aluminium and 1855°C - zirconium), and dense oxide layers covering the surfaces of both these metals. Known to produce alloyed aluminum-zirconium alloy containing up to 1 wt.% zirconium, pulsed atomization experimental facilities of the University of Alberta (Canada) (Yuan, et al., US Patent 5,609,919, March 11, 1997), (J.B.Wiskel, H.Henein, E.Maire, Can. Metall. Q.41 (2002) 97) [1]. The known method is characterized by high energy consumption at the fact that you get aluminum alloys with low concentrations of zirconium. Known electrochemical receiving aluminum-zirconium alloys containing up to 6 wt.% zirconium, the interaction of the molten salt electrolyte NaCl-KCl containing cryolite and up to 3 wt.% K2ZrF6with molten aluminum or alumomagnesium with lava at 950°C (Sveikinasi, Aridane. The influence of technological factors on the receipt of aluminum alloys with zirconium and scandium, metallurgy, 07, 2007, 70-73) [2]. The known method polluting and energy-consuming and does not allow to obtain high concentrations of zirconium in aluminum alloy. Known to produce alloyed aluminum-zirconium alloy containing 5 wt.% zirconium, in semi-industrial scale recovery of zirconium dioxide “in situ” excess molten aluminum in cryolite the melt at temperatures of 1100-1200°C for 1 h (P.K.Rajagopalan, I.G.Sharma, T.S.Krishnan, Production of Al-Zr master alloy starting from ZrO2, J. Alloys and Compounds, 285, 1999, 212-215) [3]. This method is energy-consuming and environmentally unfriendly due to the use of cryolite, forming toxic gases when heated. A method of obtaining an aluminum-zirconium alloys exchange reaction of molten aluminum zirconium tetrachloride, is included in the chloride-fluoride flux, at temperatures of 800-900°C (Spiacente, Nahahawa, Lausecker, Nasriddinov. Obtaining alloys based on aluminium using high-temperature exchange reactions in molten salts. III. Multicomponent modifier ligature aluminium and scandium, zirconium, and hafnium // Melts. 2010. No. 2. S.89-94) [4]. To the obvious disadvantages of this method include high volatility (the temperature of sublimation 333°C) and one hundred is the need for extremely hygroscopic zirconium tetrachloride, that makes it impossible to obtain alloys containing more than 2 wt.% zirconium. In addition, using the known solution of the chloride-fluoride flux, extremely volatile at these temperatures, the process has a negative impact on its ecology. The present invention is to obtain ligature aluminium alloys with a high content of zirconium in them while reducing energy costs, economic costs, the complexity and increase the sustainability of this process. To solve the problem stated electrochemical method of obtaining ligature aluminium-zirconium alloys, characterized by anodic galvanostatically polarization Zirconia “in situ” with a current density of 0.5-4.0 mA cm-2within 1-5 h in molten chlorides of alkali metals or a mixture of chlorides of alkali and alkaline earth metals containing molten aluminum or aluminum-magnesium alloy, at a temperature of 700-750°C in argon atmosphere. The essence of the proposed solution consists in the following. The inventive electrochemical method for production of aluminum-zirconium alloy is based on the introduction of the zirconium ions in the salt chloride melt “in situ” - by direct contact with molten aluminum or aluminum-magnesium alloy in the temperature range 700 to 750°C by the reaction of the surface exchange rate is on 4Al W+3Zr4+u→4Al3+u+3Zrmeth(1). This avoids large ablation of zirconium tetrachloride and get aluminum alloys with a high content of zirconium in them. When this process goes in one stage, the need for additional oxidizer not. Anodic dissolution of zirconium carried out in a crucible with molten chloride electrolyte at the bottom of which is placed the molten aluminum or aluminum-magnesium alloy, i.e. they perform the process “in situ”. Zirconium chloride dissolved in the electrolyte to tetravalent zirconium ion, which immediately restored on the surface of the liquid aluminum or aluminum-magnesium alloy to fine zirconium, after which powdered zirconium is dissolved in the molten aluminum matrix with the formation of aluminum-zirconium alloy. Aluminum-magnesium alloy is electrochemically more active than pure aluminum, due to the high electronegativity part of the magnesium alloy. Therefore, when using aluminum-magnesium alloy first passes the reaction 2MgW+Zr4+u→2Mg2+u+Zrmeth(2), which increases the entire magnesium, and only then flows through reaction (1). When the contact reaction of the ions with zirconium aluminum-magnesium alloy at what notelem is not aluminum, as in reaction (1), and magnesium. The processes of interaction of molten aluminum-magnesium alloy electrochemically introduced in chloride salt electrolyte ions of zirconium occur more intensively. In the interaction of aluminum-magnesium alloy with zirconium ions is possible to obtain a higher content of zirconium in Dore alloy than when using pure aluminum melt thus obtained aluminum alloy does not contain magnesium. Since the input zirconium ions in the inventive method is carried out directly in the molten salt, which they immediately come in contact with aluminum, no significant ablation of zirconium tetrachloride, as it usually happens during anodic dissolution of the zirconium chloride, not containing molten metal of aluminum or its alloy. This significantly improves the sustainability of the claimed method. Another advantage of this solution over the known methods is to work only with individual metals or alloys of zirconium, aluminum or aluminum-magnesium alloy without the use of extremely hygroscopic, difficult in the practical application of chlorides and fluorides of these metals, which greatly reduces the complexity of obtaining an aluminum-zirconium alloy. The content of zirconium chloride in the melt, as is the later, and alloyed aluminum-zirconium alloy depends on the density of the anode current of dissolution of zirconium. This allows to obtain aluminum alloys with a high content of Zirconia - up to 57 wt.%, i.e. pure form intermetallic compounds of zirconium or solid solutions of zirconium in aluminum in the alloy depending on the density of the applied anodic current, which allows you to subtly adjust the composition of the resulting alloy. The lower limit of the temperature interval for retrieving ligature aluminum-zirconium alloy is determined based on the melting temperature of aluminum (662°C) To 700°C, so that the entire volume of the aluminum or aluminum-magnesium alloy were melted in the course of the experiment. The upper limit of the temperature range of 750°C., because when the temperature rises above the specified value significant solonos (>7 g 50 g salt electrolyte)that affects the sustainability and adaptability of the process. The anode current density dissolution of zirconium, 0.5 to 4.0 mA cm-2and interact 1-5 h was chosen to ensure a high rate of formation of aluminum-zirconium alloy, and also to all formed during anodic dissolution of ions of zirconium time to interact with the molten aluminum or aluminum-magnesium melt, but not gone, and what the reaction zone in the gas phase, leading to large carryover tetrachloride zirconium. This allows to improve the economic indicators of the alloy. A new technical result achieved the claimed invention is the one getting alloyed aluminum-zirconium alloy with high zirconium content without the use of additional oxidant at high speed of formation of the alloy. The claimed invention is illustrated in the following. Figure 1 shows the SEM image of cleaved aluminum-zirconium alloy, obtained by the reaction of aluminum melt with ions of zirconium containing 47,03 wt.% zirconium, figure 2 - EDS spectrum indicated alloy. Figure 3 presents the SEM image of the cross section of the aluminum-zirconium alloy, obtained by the reaction of aluminum-magnesium alloy AMG6 with ions of zirconium containing 57,79 wt.% zirconium, figs.4 - radiograph of the above alloy. Figure 5 presents the SEM image of the surface of the aluminum-zirconium alloy, obtained by the reaction of aluminum melt with ions of zirconium containing 29.28 wt.% zirconium, 6 - EDS spectrum indicated alloy. Example 1. In high-temperature quartz cell was placed alongby the crucible, the bottom - aluminum disk clean A999, which poured 40 g Malborska the certain mixture of the chlorides of lithium, potassium and calcium. The cell closed vacuum tube, evacuated, heated to a temperature of 700°C under continuous pumping of air. After that, the gas space of the cell filled with argon brand "RF". The sample of zirconium with an area of 4 cm2on the molybdenum current lead was lowered into the melt and immediately started anodic polarization in galvanostatic mode with a current density of 2.0 mA cm-2within 2 hours While the zirconium moved into the aluminum melt with the formation of aluminum-zirconium alloy. The image of the chip obtained aluminum-zirconium alloy are presented in figure 1. Data EDS spectroscopy, are presented in figure 2 indicate the ligature receiving aluminum-zirconium alloy containing 47,03 wt.% Zirconia. Example 2. In high-temperature quartz cell was placed alongby the crucible, the bottom disc alumomagnesium alloy AMG6 on which filled 40 g melkorazdroblennuyu mixture of chlorides of barium, potassium and sodium. The cell was closed by the vacuum tube, evacuated, heated to a temperature of 750°C under continuous pumping of air. After that, the gas space of the cell filled with argon brand "RF". The sample of zirconium with an area of 4 cm2on the molybdenum current lead was lowered into the melt and immediately started anodic polarization in galvanostatic mode with density TOCA mA cm -2for 3 hours While the zirconium moved in alumomagnesium melt with the formation of aluminum-zirconium alloy, which has zero content of magnesium. The image transverse sections formed aluminum-zirconium alloy - figure 3. These radiographs are presented in figure 4 indicate the ligature receiving aluminum-zirconium alloy containing 57,79 wt.% zirconium, in which no impurities of magnesium. Example 3. In high-temperature quartz cell was placed alongby the crucible, the bottom - aluminum disk clean A999, which poured 40 g melkorazdroblennuyu mixture of the chlorides of sodium, potassium and cesium. The cell closed vacuum tube, evacuated, heated to a temperature of 700°C under continuous pumping of air. After that, the gas space of the cell filled with argon brand "RF". The sample of zirconium with an area of 4 cm2on the molybdenum current lead was lowered into the melt and immediately started anodic polarization in galvanostatic mode with a current density of 0.7 mA cm-2within 1.5 hours While the zirconium moved into the aluminum melt with the formation of aluminum-zirconium alloy. The image of the surface of the obtained aluminum-zirconium alloy are presented in figure 5. Data EDS spectroscopy presented on Fig.6 indicate receipt of the lligat the aqueous aluminum-zirconium alloy containing 29.28 wt.%. Thus, the claimed electrochemical method associated with relatively low energy costs and complexity while ensuring the sustainability of the process allows to obtain ligature aluminium-zirconium alloys containing up to 57 wt.% zirconium. This will allow you to create aluminum alloys of complex composition with a high content of Zirconia. The method of electrochemical ligature receiving aluminum-zirconium alloys, characterized by the fact that carry out anodic galvanostatic polarization of zirconium with a current density of 0.5-4.0 mA cm-2within 1-5 hours in molten chlorides of alkali metals or a mixture of chlorides of alkali and alkaline earth metals containing molten aluminum or aluminum-magnesium alloy, at a temperature of 700-750°C in argon atmosphere.
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