Method of increase in crop productivity

IPC classes for russian patent Method of increase in crop productivity (RU 2512558):

A01C7/00 - Sowing (arrangements for driving working parts A01C0019000000)

Another patents in same IPC classes:

Method of simultaneous planting of grain and leguminous crops / 2512009

Method of planting comprises the band alternate strip planting of grain and leguminous crops. The odd strips (bands) are planted with grain crops. The even strips are planted with peas. Planting of seeds of each culture is carried out from separate hoppers with the regulation of depth of seeding down of each culture.

Method of increase in resistance of husky and huskless oats to thrips / 2511244

Invention relates to the field of agriculture. The method includes optimizing of nutrition area. At that planting of varieties of oats is carried out on autumn fallow using row seeding. Crop protection is carried out by effective planting of oats variety Talisman with the seeding rate of 5.0-6.0 million sprouting grains/ha, variety Sayan with the seeding rate of 3.0 million sprouting grains/ha, and the variety Tyumen huskless with the seeding rate of 3.5 million sprouting grains/ha.

Method of increase in resistance of husky and huskless oats to intrastem pests / 2511241

Invention relates to the field of agriculture. The method includes optimizing of nutrition area with planting of varieties of oats on autumn fallow using row seeding. Crop protection is carried out by effective planting of oats variety Talisman with the seeding rate of 3.0-4.0 million sprouting grains/ha, variety Sayan with the seeding rate of 5.0-6.5 million sprouting grains/ha, and the variety Tyumen huskless with the seeding rate of 3.0-4.5 million sprouting grains/ha.

Device for planting grain crop seeds / 2511237

Device for planting grain crop seeds comprises a housing in which a furrow-forming device is mounted, and a drill tube. The furrow-forming device is made in the form of two circular blades having a cutting edge, mounted on bearings parallel to the direction of movement. The blades on both sides are provided with furrow-forming plates of a polymeric material. The plates are attached to the blades with bolted-type connection.

Band-widespread method of sowing seeds of agricultural crops and device for its implementation / 2506735

Invention relates to agriculture, and is intended to improve meadows and grasslands. The band-widespread method of sowing is that sowing seeds is carried out in rows on the ground. Then the layer of soil with the seeds is trimmed. The trimmed layer is directed for grinding and the mixture of soil, seeds and fertiliser is spread on the field surface. At that the crushed soil is formed in the directed flow, which sucks the seeds and fertilisers, and then this mixed flow is laid in the prepared sowing band. The device for band-widespread sowing comprises a frame, seed boxes and rotary spreader. The device is also provided with a symmetric oval plow. The rotary spreader is provided with a guide of the flow on which the seed box is mounted with a sliding gate. The guide of the flow has a rotatory device and a retainer.

Method of non-contact vibro-application of seeds and fertilisers and device for its implementation / 2503165

Method comprises treating the soil and application of seeds and mineral fertilisers. Both layers of the soil between the fertilisers and the seeds and between the seeds and the surface of the field are rolled down simultaneously at different depths and with different soil compaction under impact of corresponding coordinated modes of oscillation frequency of each of the vibratory system rollers. The method is carried out with a device that comprises a hopper, fertiliser hoses and seed-ducts for fertiliser and seed application, and rollers. The soil treatment is carried out by extirpatory hoe. The rollers have different diameters and are interconnected by the lever with different arms. The latter is mounted on the pivot of the hydraulic vibrating machine with the ability of its adjustment. The fertiliser hoses are mounted in front of and below the roller of small diameter, packing the bed for the seeds. The seed-ducts are located behind the small diameter roller of the vibro-system to provide seeding of the required dose of material directly to the seedbed. The roller of the larger diameter is mounted on the surface of the field with the ability of compacting.

Device for uniform broadband planting seeds of vegetable crops / 2501204

Device for uniform broadband sowing seeds of vegetable crops comprises a scraper bar, a sowing unit of papilionaceous type, a tubular stand-drill tube, an active diffuser in the form of a plate, and a drive mechanism to oscillating motion of the diffuser. The wedged scraper bar consists of flat blades interconnected at an angle smaller than the friction angle of the plant residues, and equipped with soil-deflectors. The soil-deflectors are made in the form of rectangular plates connected to the rear edge of blades at right angles. At that the device is equipped with a covering machine. The diffusing plate oscillating horizontally is made in the form of a perforated sector and is located in the free zone between the scraper bar and the covering machine. The covering machine is made in the form of two triangular plates mounted at an angle against the motion, which is less than the angle of friction of the soil against the plates.

Method of planting soyabeans on ridges and device for its implementation / 2497339

Method of planting comprises cutting the old ridge lengthwise, formation of a new ridge on the site of furrow with simultaneous application of fertilisers, seeds embedding into the ridge. Embedding seeds in the ridge is carried out at a depth "B" 1.5-2 times exceeding the depth "C" predetermined by the agronomic requirements. After embedding the seeds, top of the ridge is compacted and leveled, bringing the depth "B" of the seeds embedding to the depth "C" predetermined by the agronomic requirements. The method is implemented with a ridger-seeder which comprises a beam 1 with the anvil wheel 10 and the actuator 9. The fertiliser sowing unit 2, a seed box 3 sowing machine 4, shares 5 with discs 6 are mounted on the beam. Between the discs 6 a keel-shaped seal 7 of the furrow bottom is mounted, which working surface has an anti-friction coating, and a seed-duct 8. The lower end of the latter is placed in the soil abscission zone behind the discs 6, behind which the leveling rollers 14 are also located. In front of the discs 6 of the shares 5 a ridge former 11 is mounted in the form of a spud housing 12 with the rotary knife 13. The working surface of the leveling roller in the longitudinal section is made by hypocycloid , where: R is radius of the director circle; r is radius of the generating circle; φ is angle of rotation of the generating circle.

Method of planting of cereal crops in soil crust under conditions of wind erosion / 2496292

Invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular, to soil erosion. The method includes mouldboard processing of complete fallow for accumulation of moisture, nutrients and for weed control, compacting in autumn after rains for formation of a soil crust, destruction of the crust and pre-plant soil loosening under it in the form of bands in spring of next year, with the formation of furrows for seeds in the loosened soil, formation at the bottom of the furrow on virgin soil of compacted bed, sowing seeds and their embedding by loosened soil layer. The destruction of the crust and pre-sowing loosening of the surface layer of the soil is carried out as bands to a depth of not more than 5 cm while maintaining of the crust between rows that protects the soil from wind erosion to complete germination.

Method of sowing tilled crops / 2494595

Method of sowing seeds of tilled crops lies in the fact that the soil is first opened by cutting it off with the A-hoe blade to the base depth to form soil rollers on both sides along the row. Then the soil is compacted with simultaneous formation of the furrow with the compressed bottom and walls to the depth of sowing. The seeds are placed in the furrow. The soil rollers are displaced from both sides to the furrow. The upper layer of the soil is finally compacted for better contact with the seeds.

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FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of increase in crop productivity consists in that planting is carried out in wet soil, which is in waterlogged and/or slurry state, possibly in the rain, just after the rain or immediately after the melting of the snow cover. The speed of motion of the sowing unit is set as 1-60 km/h. As a power device of the sowing unit a transport and technological means are used, capable of operating at a pressure on soil from 0.4 kgf/cm² or less, down to zero. Such means are "Bars UTES 271" on the elastic tyre-casings or a device hovercraft. At that the seeds are immersed directly under the waterlogged soil layer. Immersion depth is selected from 0.2 to 15 cm.

EFFECT: increased productivity of crops while reducing its costs and increasing ecological compatibility of the process.

The invention relates to agricultural production, namely the production of cultivated crops, and can be used, including, in the zone of risky agriculture.

One of the problems of obtaining high yields of these crops is the problem of timely planting, preserving moisture in the soil and increase crop yields with maximum environmental friendliness of the products obtained.

Weed control, as a rule, are pre-sowing soil cultivation. However, this method does not always give satisfactory results, since under cultivation destroyed only well-rooted weeds. The same plants, the seeds of which only began to develop, without giving the root system will grow and after cultivation. The assignment of the cultivation of the soil at a later period (subject to the maximum germination of weeds), agrotehnicheskij impractical, since there are optimum time of planting of a particular culture, which is very important for productivity. In addition, the cultivation of the land associated with heavy loss of soil spring water, which is an unfavorable factor.

There is a method of increasing the yield of agricultural crops including soil cultivation and fertilization (see RF patent №2358428? CL M IS TO A01N 39/04).

There is a method of increasing the yield of agricultural crops including soil cultivation and fertilization (see RF patent №2445763, CL IPC A01G/04 dated 10.09.2012 - prototype).

The General disadvantages of the known methods are their high cost, complexity of the process and low environmental friendliness as a result of entering into arable land inorganic fertilizers, which has a negative effect on the soil microflora, reducing its humus.

The aim of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages, namely the simplification of the process of improving crop yields, reduced costs and enhanced environmental friendliness.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the known method of increasing the yield of agricultural crops, including in the zone of risky agriculture, based on the optimization of sowing date, according to the invention, the seeding is carried out in the damp soil, in pereuvlazhnennogo and/or gelatinous state, perhaps, in the rain, immediately after a rain or immediately after the disappearance of the snow cover, when the velocity of the seed unit 1-60 km/h, and as a power device of seed unit use, transport and technological means, able to function under the soil pressure of 0.4 kgf/cm²and less, down to zero, for example, "BA is with UTES 271" on the elastic chinablack or device, hovercraft, while the seeds are immersed directly under the layer of waterlogged soil, and the depth is chosen from 0.2 to 15 cm

The mentioned set of features exhibits new properties, which consists in the fact that their use simplifies the process of increasing crop yields, reduced costs and enhanced environmental friendliness.

Thus, the present invention meets the criteria of "Novelty" and "Inventive step".

The criterion of "Industrial applicability" is proved provided the following example of a specific application of the invention.

Testing of the proposed method of increasing the yield of cultivated crops was conducted in the farm "JSC them. After S.M.Kirov" Vagulevskogo district of Belgorod region. To improve the reliability of field experience total area of 123 ha was divided into two sections. In the first part of the field cultivation was carried out in the traditional way, on the second - according to the developed invention.

The proposed method, as well as traditional envisaged autumn soil preparation, including the loosening and removal of weeds. However, in the spring sowing was heavily waterlogged soil, immediately after the disappearance of the snow cover, etc the speed of seed unit 40 km/h, moreover, as the power device of seed unit used to transport and process the tool is able to function under the soil pressure of about 0.2 kgf/cm²Bars, UTES 271" (on the elastic chinablack), while the seeds were immersed directly under the layer of waterlogged soil, and the depth was chosen (in accordance with agronomic requirements) - 3 see

Sowing on the part of the field being processed by the proposed method were performed on 18 days earlier than traditional.

A characteristic feature was that for the entire summer period in this field there was no rain. This area of the field soil was covered with deep cracks.

The yield on the area of the field cultivated under the proposed method, amounted to 22,39 kg/ha, and traditional - 9,1 kg/ha, the difference of the yield amounted to 13.29 kg/ha (results were confirmed by the act).

Additional testing of the proposed method was carried out in LLC Rusagro-invest" in the field area of 108 hectares cleaning Results showed that the yield of cultivated crops on the proposed method is 24.1 kg/ha, with the average yield on the farm 1.62 t/ha Difference yield amounted to 7.9 t/ha (results were confirmed by the act).

Thus, the proposed method is:

- helps improve the productivity of stands is austenic cultures;

- reduces the effect of weather conditions on the yield;

- increase the environmental friendliness of the process

- enhances saving resources in the cultivation of agricultural crops (as, fuel consumption, UTES-271 "bars" - 0.2 l/ha and the cost of spent fuel per shift 1692 rubles, and, for example, self-propelled sprayer John Deere 4930 - 1.2 l/ha, the cost of spent fuel per shift 5200 rubles).

The method of increasing the yield of agricultural crops, including in the zone of risky agriculture, based on the optimization of planting dates, characterized in that the planting is carried out in the damp soil, in pereuvlazhnennogo and/or gelatinous state, perhaps in the rain, immediately after a rain or immediately after the disappearance of the snow cover when the velocity of the seed unit 1-60 km/h, and as a power device of seed unit use transport-technological tool, able to function under the soil pressure of 0.4 kgf/cm²and less, down to zero, the bars type of UTES 271" on the elastic chinablack or device, hovercraft, while the seeds are immersed directly under the layer of waterlogged soil, and the depth is chosen from 0.2 to 15 see