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Method for sowing on slopes

IPC classes for russian patent Method for sowing on slopes (RU 2251239):

A01C7 - Sowing (arrangements for driving working parts A01C0019000000)

A01B79 - Methods for working soil (essentially requiring the use of particular machines, see the relevant groups for the machines);;

A01B13/16 - Machines for combating erosion, e.g. basin-diggers, furrow-dammers

Another patents in same IPC classes:

Sowing unit / 2251238
Invention can be used for tilling and sowing. Proposed unit has frame, wheels, rotary tool and openers. Working elements of rotary tool are made with displacement of center of their masses to end of working elements. Thanks to it impulse action onto upper plane of soil layer is provided at frequency multiple of standing wave frequency in point of contact with soil layer. Tips with cheeks are fastened on openers to travel in vertical plane.

Method for cultivation of cereal crops / 2250591
Method involves providing presowing soil cultivation; applying fertilizer such as compost; sowing seeds; providing care of young crops. Fertilizer application and seeding procedures are provided simultaneously, with preliminarily prepared multipurpose seed and compost mixture being introduced into soil at weight ratio of components of 1:20, respectively. Multipurpose seed and compost mixture is prepared by mixing components with following holding of seeds at room temperature for 24 hours.

Method for cultivation of winter wheat / 2250590
Method involves providing in-crop sowing under autumn cereal crop; providing care of young crops and harvesting. In-crop sowing of winter wheat is carried out simultaneously with sowing of autumn wheat in single row. In order to provide it, half the seeding norm of winter wheat seeds is mixed with half the seeding norm of autumn wheat seeds in the ratio of 1:1. After harvesting of cover autumn wheat crop, winter wheat plants are fed with phosphate-potassium fertilizer.

Method of creating on slopes licorice crop plantations suitable for mechanical harvesting, and machine for providing moisture accumulating micro terraces and simultaneously for preparing soil for planting cuttings of rootstocks of licorice of tidal, liman and dry steppe ecotypes / 2250587
Method involves preplanting cultivation of soil on slopes in late autumn by providing rectangular-section 1.1-1.4 m wide and 0.45-0.60 m deep channels; mellowing soil and ground in zones within channel, with soil and ground in one zone being rotavated to agronomically valuable fractions and soil and ground in other zone being mellowed to lumps and crumbs with average diameter of 8-15 cm in order to provide for larger amounts of cavities (porosity); forming moisture accumulating micro terraces by laterally moving agronomically valuable soil fractions onto surface of lumps and crumbs; planting licorice rootstock cuttings in part of channel with preliminarily located lumps and crumbs to 12-18 cm depth at soil temperature of at least 18°C. During autumn-winter period, moisture is accumulated in said channel, and precipitation is aerated and redistributed in layers. Method allows stable licorice associations to be grown at productivity rate of at least 20 t/hectare of conditioned roots used as licorice raw material in pharmaceutical and chemical industry. Machine has frame bearing successively arranged digging-transporting device, grinding device configured as rotavator-type soil mixer, and rotary terrace-forming device equipped with profiling moldboard and positioned behind rotavator-type soil mixer. Digging-transporting device is made U-shaped, with soil layer lifting shares. Rotavator-type soil mixer is formed as sectioned drum. Each of said drums is positioned on single geometric axis and is equipped with various frequency drive. One of said drums having hollow shaft is mounted by means of roller supports on pivot of other drum. Drum teeth of rotavator-type soil mixer are fitted with replaceable inversion turning knives with blades at their working faces. Drive sprockets of toothed-drive chains are mounted on pivots of drums, which face frame. Said chains are linked with the help of drive sprockets and are connected through individual overtime clutches with reducer of grinding device drive.

Sod drill / 2250582
Sod drill has frame bearing rotavator section with disks, on which working tools configured as knives are secured. Rotavator section has sod tillage depth adjusting mechanism and is covered with housing. Said parts are mounted on frame in succession. Seed and fertilizer guides, seed and fertilizer boxes with seeding units and covering rollers are positioned in rear part of housing. Slitters-stone deflectors made in the form of knife colters are mounted on frame. Resilient members-stone deflectors are positioned on knife colters at an angle with respect to direction of advancement, said angle not exceeding friction angle between surfaces of resilient members and stones. Resilient members-stone deflectors are made in the form of continuous or rod-type moldboards, with height of arrangement of moldboards in vertical plane being adjustable. Rotavator section disks project beyond cutting edges of knifes and follow with their projecting part tracks of slitters-stone deflectors.

Combined disk-anchor type shank / 2249936
Shank has casing with unit for attachment to carrier of two-shank drill bar, flat disk disposed at an angle to direction of advancement, and fertilizer guide. Shank is equipped with pipeline for local application of liquid fertilizers, section with spring-type harrowing teeth attached to upper part of fertilizer guide, and bed-forming anchor composed of two sides. Exterior side 9 of bed-forming anchor is configured as vertical wall bent at an angle and extending along outer side of fertilizer guide with respect to disk. Front replaceable part of said side forming sweeping shield may be turned at an angle equal to or smaller than angle of friction of soil against working surface until said side comes into contact with disk. Rear part of said side of bed-forming anchor is extending in longitudinal direction to site behind fertilizer guide for defining one of its cheeks to which liquid fertilizer pipeline and seed spreader are secured, with seed spreader working surface being arranged under fertilizer guide pipe. Other interior side of bed-forming anchor is interposed between fertilizer guide, so that its upper part is attached to said fertilizer guide, and disk and is continued along track of disk up to the level of exterior side to define other cheek of bed-forming anchor.

Sowing unit / 2245608
Invention relates to sowing machinery used mainly for sowing seeds of grass, shrubs and sushrubs on noncultivated land areas, for instance, on devastated pastures and meadows with native grass stand, i.e. pod-bearing plants, (including common licorice), meadow grasses, their mixtures, shrubs and subshrubs. Proposed sowing unit contains tractor, hopper for seeds and fertilizers with seed-sowing mechanisms, seed tubes, colters, closers and covering roll. Unit is furnished with tandem-mounted and mechanically connected rolls. Front roll in direction of movement of sowing unit plays the part of colter group. Colters are made in form of soil cutting tool secured on surface of front roll in direction of movement and installed over perimeter of roll at equal angular pitch, being displaced through half of pitch in adjacent rows. Each soil cutting tool is placed in socket for re-adjustment and demounting. Socket is made in form of hollow cylinder. Axis of symmetry of each socket is displaced from radial direction of its rolling through angle of 15-35^o. Soil cutting tool is locked in socket by dowel installed in coaxial holes of socket and soil cutting tool. Holes in socket are made parallel to roll generating surface. Each soil cutting tool is essentially stepped trunnion. Group of holes for re-setting in socket is made in trunnion of smaller diameter in soil cutting tool. End face of detachable trunnion is provided with ring cutting edge and conical cavity. Seed tubes in seed and fertilizer hopper are located in section line of soil cutting tool on surface of front roll. Closers are secured on second roll in direction of movement.

Combined seeding unit / 2245607
Combined apparatus has tractor, hopper adapted for seeds and fertilizers and equipped with seeding units, seed guides, shanks, covering device and covering roller. Apparatus is further equipped with rollers arranged in succession and kinematically connected with one another. Shanks are made in the form of soil deforming devices pivotally fixed on roller surface in staggered arrangement. Each of soil deforming devices is made in the form of rod mounted in receptacle. One end of rod has thickened portion formed as truncated cone joined with rod through spherical layer on larger base of truncated cone. Other end of rod is equipped with threaded shank and receptacle belt, onto which fastening members and seat are mounted. Fastening members and seat are joined with compression spring located in receptacle of soil deforming device, which is made in the form of hollow cylinder with bottom. Axis of symmetry of receptacle is deviated by angle of 20-35 deg from roller radius in direction opposite to rolling direction of roller. Bottom part of receptacle made in the form of hollow cylinder extends above roller hosing surface. Roller has guides made in the form of pipes arranged in equally spaced relation in mounting disks of roller housing. At least one point on surface of each guide is aligned with point lying on inner surface of disk. Outer mounting disks of roller housing are joined with mounting rings of ballast cylinders by means of fastening devices and dismantling devices. One end of cylinder has pin. Covering devices are fixed on roller second with respect to course of advancement of apparatus.

Method for cultivation of soya for seed under clearly defined continental climate conditions / 2244394
Method involves sowing sorts of soya with different ripening time; simultaneously sowing sorts of soya of at least four different ripening time in adjacent rows, with early ripening sorts being combined with late ripening sorts; setting seeding norm for early ripening sorts of soya in the range of 600,000-650,000 pieces/hectare and for late ripening sorts of soya in the range of 400,000-450,000 pieces/hectare.

Method for rhizomic rejuvenation of licorice population in tidal habitat / 2250588
Method involves mowing and grinding vegetative licorice sprouts and codominant plants in association in low-productive undergrowth by cutting process, with following distribution of ground mass over surface of mown massif; cutting slits on prepared 0.005-0.010 m wide areas to 0.2-0.3 m depth with spacing of 0.8-1.2 m therebetween; simultaneously with slitting procedure, providing two-staged rotavation of upper soil layer, first stage including plowing of upper layer into crumbs at 8-12 cm depth, with following compaction, and second stage including rotavation of surface layer at 3-6 cm depth to agronomically valuable soil fractions, with following compaction.

Method for creating of permanent cultured pastures on sloped lands / 2250586
Method involves cultivating sod; sowing legume grasses having different root systems at predetermined distance from one another; first year, providing continuous sowing of three kinds of clover: red, white and mixture of like sorts; next year, providing 45-50 cm spacings in formed herbage; sowing cereal grasses thereon at seeding norm of 25-30% with respect to clover mixture.

Method for cultivation of jerusalem artichoke / 2250585
Method involves providing autumn preplanting soil cultivation; applying organic and mineral fertilizers; cutting ridges; planting seed tubers; providing interrow cultivation and harvesting. First year planting is provided at density of 20,000-25,000 plants per hectare in ridges. Plant tops are mown for forage 2-3 weeks before harvesting of tubers. During harvesting process, large-sized and average-sized fractions are collected. Each year seed fraction in the form of narrow tape is directed aside with 30-40 cm offset and covered with 10-12 cm soil layer for forming of windrow. Second and subsequent years in spring field is cultivated before germination of young crops and later on young crops and mineral fertilizer is applied on ridge sides. In case of excessive density of ridges, transverse cultivation is provided for plant thinning.

Method for accumulating moisture in soil / 2250584
Method involves providing autumn plowing; leveling field surface and cutting furrows in plowing and subsurface soil layers so as to form staggered cavities, with space between end of previous cavity and beginning of subsequent cavity in row being 50-150 cm. Cavities are made 1.5-4 m long and are arranged at 5-50 cm depth. Cavities are provided by means of rotating working tool. Method allows yield to be increased by 10-15%.

Method for creating of long-term plantations of licorice crop as mesohalophyte / 2249934
Method involves eliminating weedage, stubble remains and rootstocks from soil surface layer to 3-12 cm depth with the help of mechanical means and extracting soil to furrow depth of 0.15-0.25 m from soil surface; cutting slots with drains at 1.1-1,4 m pitch on field surface or rice check; discharging water by means of drains into adjacent ditch or special channel; mechanically removing weedage, stubble remains and rootstocks by performing rotavation of top layer above slots by providing strips of 0.4-0.6 m width; forming triangular furrow above slot; laying soil-and-humus substrate into open furrow and covering laid substrate with layer of soil, which had been earlier extracted from furrow; covering soil and substrate by means of covering roller; sowing licorice seeds of local ecoforms to 2-3 cm depth at seeding rate of 5-6 kg/hectare in rows; shifting rows from slot mid portion by value exceeding slot width by 6-8 times.

Method for increasing plants biomass and survival rate on soil contaminated with petroleum / 2249933
Method involves planting perennial grasses into soil contaminated with petroleum, said perennial grasses being preliminarily grown for at least one growing period in non-contaminated soil and then replanted in soil contaminated with petroleum with their rootstocks and/or stolons and/or seedlings. Phytocultivation method may be used at earlier stages of soil contamination with petroleum to allow recultivation time to be reduced.

Process for growing of goat's rue for green-cut fodder and seeds / 2248688
Method involves applying fertilizer and herbicide into soil and sowing goat's rue with cover crop, with goat's rue being sown in late autumn and herbicide such as roundup being applied into soil 2-3 weeks before autumn plowing in an amount of 4.15-5.45 kg/hectare and goat's rue seeds being sown in an amount of 8-10 kg/hectare; for fodder production, providing interlaced sowing, for example, in each 30 cm; for producing of certified seeds, providing wide-row sowing by 50x20 cm pattern; before sowing process, introducing mineral fertilizer into soil to 8-12 cm depth in an amount equal to 0.45 the designed dose. Valid amounts of organic fertilizer (at least 30 t/hectare) are introduced into soil in the same manner.

Method and toothed harrow for spring harrowing of winter crops / 2248687
Method involves providing single-cut disk mellowing and crumbling of soil and simultaneously undercutting of weeds along rows or along diagonal line of geometric figures of field during cross drilling. Toothed harrow comprising frame and teeth built into frame. Teeth have mounting, core and curved working parts. Core part is made in the form of elliptical cylinder. Working part of each tooth is made in the form of elliptical cone with its base defined by core part of ellipse and its conical surface defining working side surface of tooth. Core and working parts of tooth have front and rear cutting edges extending along larger axes of ellipses. Mounting part of each tooth is disposed in harrow frame so that curvature of its working part and curvature of harrow advancement line are oriented in opposite directions. In case tooth working part is curved within the range of 15-30 deg relative to its vertical plane, thickness of cutting edges does not exceed 2 mm. Tooth core and working parts are made of equal length to facilitate effective crumbling of soil.

Soil slitting tool / 2251235
Proposed tool contains shank in form of side wall and inserts secured from inner side of each side wall. Inserts between side walls form slot. Detachable member is installed in slot on front part of shank for displacement and fixing. Lower part of detachable member is mated with longitudinal slot on upper face detachable chisel. The latter is mounted on lower cut of shank. Each wall of shank is provided with fin cutter made in form of curvilinear knife with cutting edge on front part and formed by local part of side wall. Fin cutter is bent towards side of shank with side wall and forms single part. Fin cutters on shank are installed opposite to each other.

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, sowing in erosion dangerous zones.

SUBSTANCE: method involves providing furrows and sowing seeds therein, with following embedding of sown seeds by transferring soil from adjacent intermittent furrows; providing sowing transverse to slope so as to form soil roll above sown ridge, with intermittent furrows being also formed transverse to slope; simultaneously providing slots arranged vertically and axially of adjacent furrows along the entire length of furrow and in spacings intermediate thereof, with slot pitch being equal in size to that of spacing so that total volume of furrows and slots be equal to average month precipitation in the given region minus average infiltration for the same period.

EFFECT: increased erosion resistance of soil on slopes.

2 dwg

The invention relates to agriculture in erosion prone areas and can be used to create advanced technologies for the protection of soil from erosion, for example when planting on slopes.

There is a method of planting on slopes, described in A.S. No. 511893, which lies in the fact that they form a furrow with seed in them seeds and their subsequent incorporation by moving soil from adjacent furrows formed by intermittent and at an angle to the direction of the slope. However, a significant drawback of this method is that from whatever angle not to form a furrow, it will always flow water, though not as fast as it would be along the slope, but it leads to the destruction of bridges and, consequently, the entrainment of soil, because the formation of grooves is clearly not enough to prevent erosion.

The inventive features after seeding, and always across a slope, cover the row of seeds roller soil and the adjacent intermittent furrow to complement the performance of its axis vertically downwards alternating slits in the same way across a slope with a specific pitch along the entire length of the adjacent furrow in her, herself, and the bridges between the furrows, and the volume of all of the resulting containers that will hold the runoff water shall be in an amount equal to the average monthly amount of precipitation minus the average led the ins filter in this area.

On 1 shows schematically the proposed method of sowing, given in figure 2 is a view along arrow And illustrating the appearance of alternating furrows and cracks in the top view or plan.

Consider the implementation of the proposed method. After sowing across the slope of the rows of seeds fall asleep rollers 1 of soil adjacent rows, forming a discontinuous grooves 2 in the same way across a slope, and at the same time perform on an axis adjacent rows of vertical slits 3 with a certain step between them, for example a jumper between the slits is equal to the size of the slit, i.e. DS=PS if DD - length slits, PS - the value of the jumper slots, and the value of all the resulting implementation of the method of free volumes must midway between the average monthly amount of precipitation in this region minus the average filter. This is important from the point of view of the efficiency of the method, because only such a ratio provides prozmivanie jumpers and reliable overlap of the paths of flow of rain water. In the prototype there is no indication on the ratio of generated volumes and mean values of precipitation, which further demonstrates his lack.

It is necessary to specify and on the positive effect of the way that the rollers of the soil over the planted rows of its lateral surfaces create additional volumes for obstacles to water flow that enhances the positive effect from the point the rhenium erosion protection.

Method of planting on the slopes, including the formation of furrows, sowing in them the seeds, with their subsequent incorporation by moving soil from adjacent furrows made discontinuous, characterized in that the seeding produced across a slope with the formation of a cushion of soil over the planted row, adjacent discontinuous grooves formed across the slope and simultaneously execute a vertical axis adjacent furrows with a given step of the slit along the entire length of the adjacent grooves, and the bridges between them, and the amount of cracks perform equal to the jumper between them so that the resulting total volume of furrows and cracks would be equal to the average value of monthly precipitation in this area, minus the average value of the filter for the same period.