Power plant with opposed stirling engine

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: power plant with opposed Stirling engine includes heater and cooler. Heater comprises together with a piston a hot cavity. Cooler comprises together with a piston a cold cavity. Hot cavity is connected by means of regenerator to cold cavity. Four tight capsules with hot and cold cavities are introduced to power plant. Pistons of hot and cold cavities of each capsule are connected by means of stocks to toothed racks fixed on them and engaged with rotors of combined electric machines. Hot cavity of the first capsule is connected to cold cavity of the second capsule via the pipeline in series connecting heater, regenerator and cooler. Hot cavity of the second capsule is connected to cold cavity of the third capsule via the pipeline in series connecting heater, regenerator and cooler. Hot cavity of the third capsule is connected to cold cavity of the fourth capsule via the pipeline in series connecting heater, regenerator and cooler. Hot cavity of the fourth capsule is connected to cold cavity of the first capsule via the pipeline in series connecting heater, regenerator and cooler. Inner space of capsules is filled with gas identical to gas in working cavities, the pressure of which is equal to average pressure of working medium in thermodynamic cycle.

EFFECT: invention allows simplifying the design, reducing the losses of working medium, improving reliability and capacity of power plant.

1 cl, 2 dwg

The invention relates to the field of energy, and is intended for small-scale power plants based on thermal machine with an external supply of heat (Stirling engine) and use as fuel local or renewable resources.

Known power plant (see N. Kirillov Application of highly efficient and environmentally friendly cars Stirling in marine energy. /Proceedings of the 2nd int. Conf. Maritime intellectual technologies "Morintech-97"/, Including N5, SPb., 1997, p.140)containing the Stirling engine hot cavity formed by the cylinder and piston connected through a crank mechanism and the crank shaft with the shaft of the generator, the cold cavity formed by the cylinder and piston connected through a crank mechanism and the crank shaft with the shaft of the generator, and the angle between the tails of the crankshaft connected by rods with hot and cold cavities, is a value close to 90°, hot cavity through the heater, regenerator and refrigerator pipe connected to the cold cavity. In the known device the phase shift between the change in the amount of hot and cold cavities of the Stirling engine needed to obtain maximum power, created by the design of the crankshaft and cannot be changed in the operation.

Under taccom of the known device is the leakage of the working fluid, which is helium gas under pressure up to 20 MPa, through the seal of the piston, which operates the alternating power from the side of the rods, leading to their deterioration and leakage of working fluid from the crankcase space through the bearings of the crankshaft. The consequence of leakage of the working fluid is to reduce the power and efficiency of the installation.

The closest in technical essence is a power plant on the basis of thermo-mechanical generator (Reader,, Hooper Including Stirling Engines. M.: Mir, 1986, p.42, RIS)containing a heater adjacent to the cylinder head on a hot side of the power plant, which forms together with the hot piston cavity, refrigerator, attached to the cylinder head on the cold side of the plant and forms together with the piston, the cold cavity. Hot cavity with a working medium is separated from the cold cavity oscillating membrane, mechanically connected with the armature of the generator.

Burner or other heat source heats the hot cavity and through heat exchanger heat is removed from the cold cavity. When working thermomechanical generator of oscillatory movement of the membrane with an amplitude of 1-2 mm are transferred to the armature of the generator, made in the form of a permanent magnet, which when moving inside the stator creates electr the ical current.

A disadvantage of the known device is the design complexity, low reliability trigger modes and difficulty starting when the membrane and anchor are stationary, and are necessary for the stable operation of the Stirling engine of the phase volume ratio of hot and cold cavities are formed only in the oscillatory mode. In addition, small amplitude movements of the armature of the generator will not have a significant electrical output power of the generator.

The technical effect achieved in the proposed device is to simplify the design, reduce losses of the working fluid from the cavities of the Stirling engine, improving the reliability of starting modes, as well as increasing the capacity of the plant.

This technical problem is achieved by the fact that in the known power plant with opposite Stirling engine, containing a heater adjacent to the cylinder head on a hot side of the power plant, which forms together with the hot piston cavity, refrigerator, attached to the cylinder head on the cold side of the plant and forms together with the cold piston cavity, hot cavity connected to the regenerator from the cold cavity, the four sealed capsules placed in each hot and cold cavities, pistons hot is cold cavities of each capsule are connected by rods attached to them racks, located in engagement with the rotor of the reversible electric machines, and hot cavity of the first capsule is connected with the cold cavity of the second capsule pipeline that is Daisy-chained own heater, regenerator and cooler, the hot cavity of the second capsule is connected with the cold cavity of the third capsule pipeline that is Daisy-chained own heater, regenerator and cooler, the hot cavity of the third capsule is connected with the cold cavity fourth capsule pipeline that is Daisy-chained own heater, regenerator and cooler, the hot cavity of the fourth capsule connected with the cold cavity of the first capsule pipeline that is Daisy-chained own heater, regenerator and cooler, the internal space capsules filled with gas, identical gas in the working cavity, the pressure of which is equal to the average pressure of the working fluid in a thermodynamic cycle.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a functional diagram of a power plant, figure 2 - timing diagram of the position of the pistons and modes of operation of the reversible electric machine.

Power plant with opposite Stirling engine contains four sealed capsules 1, 2, 3, 4, embodying heaters 1-1, 2-1, 3-1 and 4-1, primasius the e to the cylinder heads 1-2, 2-2, 3-2 and 4-2 on the hot side of the power plant, forming together with the pistons 1-3, 2-3, 3-3 and 4-3 on the rods 1-4, 2-4, 3-4 and 4-4 with a toothed rack hot cavity 1-5, 2-5, 3-5 and 4-5, sealed capsules 1, 2, 3 and 4 comprise the refrigerators 1-6, 2-6, 3-6, 4-6, adjacent to the cylinder heads 1-7, 2-7, 3-7 and 4-7 on the cold side of the plant and form together with the pistons 1-8, 2-8, 3-8 4-8 at the opposite end of the rods 1-4, 2-4, 3-4 and 4-4 with a toothed rack cold cavity 1-9, 2-9, 3-9 and 4-9, and hot cavity 1-5 first capsule 1 is connected with the cold cavity 2-9 second capsule 2 pipeline 5 sequentially connecting the heater 1-1, the regenerator 1-10 and refrigerator 2-6, hot cavity 2-5 second capsule 2 is connected with the cold cavity 3-9 third capsule 3 by line 6, sequentially connecting the heater 2-1, the regenerator 2-10 and refrigerator 3-6, hot cavity 3-5 third capsule 3 is connected with the cold cavity 4-9 fourth capsule 4 by line 7, sequentially connecting the heater 3-1, the regenerator 3-10 and refrigerator 4-6, hot cavity 4-5 fourth capsule 4 is connected with the cold cavity 1-9 the first capsule 1 pipeline 8, sequentially connecting the heater 4-1, the regenerator 4-10 and refrigerator 1-6, the rack on the rod 1-4, 2-4, 3-4 and 4-4 through gears connected with the rotor of the reversible electric machines 1-11, 2-11, 3-11 and 4-11, the multi-turn position is the rotors are controlled by information signals 1-12, 2-12, 3-12 and 4-12.

Power plant with opposite Stirling engine works as follows.

In the initial moment of time the control system of the power plant on the information signals 1-12, 2-12, 3-12, and 4-12 with reversible rotary 1-11, 2-11, 3-11 and 4-11, switching them in motor mode, sets the position of the rods 1-4, 2-4, 3-4 and 4-4 in the position corresponding to the shift by a quarter cycle from the rod position 1-4 capsules 1 to position rod 4-4 fourth capsule.

When the heat input to the heaters 1-1, 2-1, 3-1 and 4-1 and heat from refrigerators 1-6, 2-6, 3-6, 4-6 in the hot cavities 1-5, 2-5, 3-5 and 4-5 and cold cavities 1-9, 2-9, 4-9 3-9 and the conditions for the implementation of the traditional thermodynamic Stirling cycle. For this reversible electrical machinery, attached to rods which move from the hot side, i.e. the side that is attached to the heater to cold, i.e. the side that is attached to refrigerators, switched to the generation of electric power. Reversible electromachine 1-11 the first capsule 1 and reversible electromachine 2-11 second capsule 2. When this occurs, the expansion of the working fluid (helium, 20 MPa) while applying heat (upper isotherm cycle Stirling). Simultaneously, electrical machinery, attached to rods which should move from the cold side to hot, the system control lane is found in the motor mode, by displacement of the working fluid (helium, 20 MPa) on the cold side on the bottom isotherm cycle, respectively, reversible electromachine 3-11 third capsule 3 and reversible electromachine 4-11 fourth capsule 4 operate in motor mode. When the rod and, accordingly, the piston end positions, and these provisions are recorded information signals 1-12, 2-12, 3-12, and 4-12 with reversible rotors of electric machines 1-11, 2-11, 3-11 and 4-11, the control system translates reversible electrical machinery in inverse mode: with the generator in the engine, and Vice versa, through, thus, circular in capsules 1, 2, 3 and 4 and the Shuttle inside the capsules movement of the pistons. The operation of the reversible electric machines is illustrated in the sequence diagram of the modes.

The control system ensures that the movement of stocks between two extreme positions was carried out at the same time, at such control between changes in the volume of the hot and cold sides of the plant remains set during the initial installation phase shift of 90 degrees, necessary for obtaining the maximum power Stirling engines of any design.

Move the working fluid from the hot side to the cold and back through the regenerators 1-10, 2-10. 3-10 and 4-10, when the Shuttle is moved there is a heat exchange between the working body and the filler of the regenerator at constant volume. On the P-V diagram for these processes correspond to two isochore, trailing thermodynamic Stirling cycle.

In the generator mode of the electric machines of their stator windings through the managed keys loaded to the storage element, which may be either the battery or the unit of edlcs. In the engine mode, electric machines through other managed keys are connected to the accumulating element with inverse polarity to the direction of rotation of the rotors is reversed. Because of the direct cycle Stirling is a positive work, i.e. the work done by the working fluid during expansion with a supply of heat when the reversible electromachine operates in the generator mode and generates a charging current, more work is performed on the working fluid in compression with heat, when the reversible electromachine operates in motor mode, consuming current from storage element, it is obvious that the charging current of the cumulative element bit more and it creates an electrical potential through the transformative device is transferred to consumers in the form of a three-phase or DC voltage.

During Shuttle movement of the rod kinetic energy untwisted rotor electric machines is not lost, and is added to the gas spring in the cavity of the engine in the La and returned to the rotor in the inversion of the rotation. Thus, four pairs of thermodynamically linked cavities 1-5, 2-9, 2-5 and 3-9, 3-5 and 4-9, 1-9 4-5 and the two required for operation of Stirling engines conditions: - presence of the phase shift of a quarter period between changes of the volumes of the cavities on the hot and cold sides of the engine and the isochoric heat exchange between components of the cycle, are not interconnected mechanically, which is not achieved in known constructions. The mechanical connection of the cavities, this crank mechanism, rhombic drive or drive oblique washer, substantially complicates and aggravates the design of the plant. Eliminating mechanical linkages cavities allows you to provide a solution of the first paragraph of the task - simplifying the design.

Opposite the connection of the pistons on the hot and cold sides of the engine through hard rods allows ideal conditions for piston seals; they are not affected by the tangential forces, especially the alternating arising from the use of, for example, a crank mechanism. In such conditions, the leakage of the working fluid from the working cavities can be minimized. In addition, since all movable elements are encapsulated and when they move, you don't change the internal volume of the capsule, through the creation of nutricial the CSOs pressure, equal to the average pressure of thermodynamic cycle, leakage of the working fluid occurring in phases exceeding the pressure in the cavities above average, compensated by a reverse flow when the pressure in the cavities is less than the average.

Encapsulation plant eliminates leakage of the working fluid in the space. Capsules 1, 2, 3 and 4 have only welded pipe fittings for connections with each other on the working body, hermetic power terminals of the electric machines and airtight conclusions information signals and have no conclusions mechanical movement or rotation.

Thus, the opposed connection of the piston rods, creating inside the capsular pressure, equal to the average pressure of thermodynamic cycle, and encapsulation moving parts of the plant allows you to completely eliminate leakage of the working fluid that provides a solution to the second paragraph of the task is the reduction of losses of the working fluid.

At the start, first of all, is forced position of the piston, providing the necessary phase shift, so when the heat input, i.e. at the start, gradually increasing the pressure in the cavities of the engine is also smooth forward and backward movement of the rods. Thus eliminating the disadvantage of the prototype associated with the difficulty of the run.

POSCO is ku linear movement of the rods can reach tens of centimeters and a diameter of the gear on the rotor electrical machinery converted into hundreds of revolutions of the rotor, power characteristics of electric machines can be significantly greater than when the dynamics of the armature of the linear generator in units of millimeters. In addition, the proposed technical solution uses four thermodynamic cycle and four generator and it (the decision) is not limited to parallel the four generators of the prototype.

The use of the invention allows to obtain a much greater electrical power output that corresponds to the solution to increase capacity of the plant and increase reliability at startup.

Power plant with opposite Stirling engine, containing a heater adjacent to the cylinder head on a hot side of the power plant, which forms together with the hot piston cavity, refrigerator, attached to the cylinder head on the cold side of the plant and forms together with the cold piston cavity, hot cavity connected to the regenerator from the cold cavity, characterized in that it introduced four sealed capsules placed in each hot and cold cavities, pistons hot and cold cavities of each capsule are connected by rods attached to them racks being in mesh with reversible rotors of electric machines, and hot cavity of the first capsules connected with holo is Noah cavity of the second capsule pipeline, Daisy-chained own heater, regenerator and cooler, the hot cavity of the second capsule is connected with the cold cavity of the third capsule pipeline that is Daisy-chained own heater, regenerator and cooler, the hot cavity of the third capsule is connected with the cold cavity fourth capsule pipeline that is Daisy-chained own heater, regenerator and cooler, the hot cavity of the fourth capsule connected with the cold cavity of the first capsule pipeline that is Daisy-chained own heater, regenerator and cooler, the internal space capsules filled with gas that is identical to the gas in the working cavity, the pressure of which is equal to the average pressure of the working fluid in a thermodynamic cycle.