Generation method of mechanical (electric) power by means of stirling engine using heat of secondary power resources, geothermal sources and solar power for its operation

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: generation method of mechanical (electric) power is performed at thermal power plants (TPP), boiler houses, at transport power plants, and plants for combustion of associated petroleum gas and domestic waste. Stirling engine uses for its operation either heat secondary power resources or heat of geothermal sources or solar energy or heat of burning fuel flame. Heat is supplied directly to heater, cylinders with working medium by means of taps or from gas duct or from steam pipeline or from water pipeline, by means of heat pipes (HP), heat accumulators (HA). Spiral shape of tubes of heater, regenerator and cooler of Stirling engine is used. Cooling machine is used for cooling Stirling engine with liquid air. At TPP and boiler houses there used is Stirling engine and generator, which directly receive heat of the burning fuel flame from common combustion chamber for their operation. Stirling engine is used as the main one at automobile, railroad, aviation, and water transport.

EFFECT: increasing economy of generation method of mechanical energy.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Today, despite Russia's giant energy complexes, the largest fossil fuel reserves, is experiencing a shortage of electric power. At the same time on each company important efforts are being made to combat the countless thermal secondary energy resources (SER).

At thermal power plants (TPP) almost two-thirds of the heat obtained from the combustion of fuel, going from drainage-heated water (1).

Industrial heat processing facility is one of the main consumers of fuel and energy resources of the country. Only one high-temperature heat-process system //heating of massive products, ingots; the lime burning; melting glass; the firing of cement clinker; smelting of copper concentrate to matte /2. C.12. Fig.1, 2/; domain and open-hearth smelting; mine Nickel smelting and lead sinter; hydrothermal processing of phosphates in cyclone furnaces and other/2. pp.61, 62// the level of direct consumption of fuels compete with TPP countries. These systems are also characterized by low efficiency fuel consumption (not often exceeds 15-35%) /s/, and therefore have an extremely rich untapped potential use of thermal ware.

Not smaller reserves of thermal veer possess and boiler, which in our country in 1986 exceeded 65000 (3).

To the boiler, you can add hundreds of thousands of small boilers on gas, liquid and solid fuel for heating small spaces, shops, kiosks, offices, private sector, country houses, bakeries, baths, saunas, table.

Another considerable source veer - ship power and boiler plants Ministries sea, fishing, fleet, automotive and railway transport facilities flaring of associated gas, waste.

Of course, it is easy to transform mechanical energy into heat, but not so easy to transform heat into mechanical energy. This requires sophisticated engineering installation.

Known methods use of secondary energy resources, which is required HRSG /s-70, table 1, 9/, the design of which is determined by the type of coolant. At low temperature waste (800-900°C) - gastrolnye and water-tube convective installation, the high-temperature (above 1100-1200°C) radiative-convective heat recovery steam generators (2. 74, 75).

So when a dry coke quenching, the temperature of 1000-1100°C, and through him, blown inert gases that are heating up to 750-800°C is produced in the steam boiler. The steam is used to drive a turbine, it is used as a drive for the generator, compressor, and other mechanisms (2).

One of the latest applications No. 2004136055 (4) utilization of thermal energy, allowing to convert is the Nergy of the exhaust gases of industrial plants in the electricity and energy of hot water through the superheater, economizer, turbine and generator.

The disadvantage of these units is the availability of the recovery boiler, in which part of the energy expended in the conversion of water into steam, heat veer is not directly used to generate mechanical energy.

Closest to the proposed method of obtaining mechanical (electrical) energy is applied at a geothermal power plant (geothermal power station). The advantage is that the absence of a recovery boiler, and the disadvantage of coming from borehole steam-water mixture must be separated into vapor and water (5).

According to the author, the most optimal and effective way to develop mechanical (electrical) energy to thermal power plants, combined heat and power /CHP/, nuclear power plants /nuclear power plant/diesel power plants /DPP/, boiler, high temperature thermal complexes, ship power plants Ministries sea, fishing, fleet, automotive and railway transport facilities on the flaring of associated gas, waste, geothermal energy, using solar energy, will be using a Stirling engine /JS/, which uses no fuel, and heat ware, geothermal heat sources, solar energy directly without the recovery boiler.

This is nya there are engines external combustion Stirling on diesel fuel, they are used in underwater shipbuilding - Sweden, Japan, Germany, France, USA (7), road transport, for their silent operation, high efficiency and low toxicity. The largest capacity of 1250 kW, the effective efficiency of 30-40%.

The Stirling engine /DS/ in this case will be different, what works, using ready-made coolant from an external source - heat ware, geothermal sources, Solar energy /DSS/.

In the workflow of the Stirling engine on the principle of compression, a certain amount of the working fluid (air, helium, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, argon) at low temperature t₂and expand it with more high - t₁. The heat in DC is supplied from outside, in the simplest case through the cylinder wall. In the process of cooling the working fluid temperature t₁to t₂a certain amount of heat can be regenerated, i.e. communicated to the working fluid during heating, which greatly increases its efficiency. Regeneration of warmth and is a feature of the Stirling cycle (6, p.6-10).

DC operates on a closed cycle, so its thermodynamic cycle more accurately reflects the nature of the operating cycle of the engine than thermodynamic cycle of the internal combustion engine /engine/.

It features DC external combustion include: high efficiency, the use of the x heat sources, low toxicity, and the use of secondary energy resources - no additional emissions, low noise and vibration, a slight lube oil consumption, low operating costs, high efficiency when working on non regimes, insensitivity to dust in the environment, ability to work with large short-term overloads, the engine is easily started up at any ambient temperature: smooth, bumpless change power loads and a relatively low temperature parts favors its durability (6. p.124-132).

Currently achieved effective efficiency DC are on the level of efficiency of the diesel engines of the same power, and a significant increase. The value of mean effective pressure and litre capacity DC superior to diesel engines (6. p.143).

In the General case, the performance of thermodynamic Stirling cycle is affected by the temperature of the hot and cold sources, the efficiency of the regenerator, the compression ratio of the working fluid, its physical properties, the presence of "bad" area including the volume of the connecting channels and the gas chambers of the heater, regenerator, and cooler and the buffer cavity (6. p.12).

Modes maximum efficiency DC t₁=700°C and t₂=20°C (6. p.28). When the ratio of the volume of gas chambers of the regenerator, cooler ingravalle, typical DS - t₁=427°C and t₂=60°C, average temperature: minimum 147°C and maximum 281°C (6. p.18).

The capacity of the machine increases with temperature between hot and cold bodies and directly proportional to the pressure of the working fluid.

As for the temperature of the refrigerator - t₂it practically limited available sources of cooling water, atmospheric air). It should be noted that in order to increase efficiency, decrease the values of t₂more important than temperature t₁(8. p.45).

On the other hand, some of the energy being converted to indicator the operation of the engine, is consumed to drive the auxiliary machinery. This amount of heat is usually more than in internal combustion engines, due to the supply of large amounts of air into the combustion chamber and a large flow of coolant to JS.

Another feature of the DS - great heat dissipation into the surrounding space; like any heat engine operating on a closed cycle, it requires a heat sink 2.5 times greater than that of ice (6. s).

Therefore, in order to eliminate these disadvantages of the DS and the intensification of heat exchange processes in the refrigerator, the heater and the regenerator apply auxiliary units and systems:

(a) auxiliary DC low power operating mode of the refrigerating machine for cooling the main the PS liquefied air temperatures up to -200°C

b) a twisted form of tubes of the heater, cooler and regenerator DC increases by 10 times the heat-exchange processes and 25-50% reduces the weight of heat exchangers;

C) for maximum contact thermal efficiency of the Stirling cycle thermal efficiency of the Carnot cycle, the supply of coolant to produce and to the regenerator;

g) applying a cooling system liquefied air and twisted form of tubes of heat exchangers to use JS to generate electricity through solar radiation.

The use of liquefied air to cool the refrigerator DS will allow you to extend the range of temperatures used in heat transfer fluids, will be suitable even low-potential heat veer (2. p.76. table), and the lower part of interval transfer in the region of lower temperatures, which is important to increase efficiency. The air is more accessible material than water.

For thermal DS has a special meaning intensification of heat exchange in the heater, the fridge and the regenerator. As you know, artificial turbulization of fluid flow improves the efficiency of heat exchange between environments.

At the Moscow aviation Institute registered opening in 1981 under No. 242, which helped to construct a high heat transfer surface, which must have a twisted shape. It was found that the optimal step closed the TCI twisted pipe should be 6 to 12 times its diameter (9).

When the longitudinal flow twisted pipe is formed a vortex, like a tornado, whose power grows with decreasing step twist tube. Transverse mixing of the flow and heat transfer rate is higher, the stronger the interaction of the vortices, and it is maximal if the tubes are in contact. Dense packing solves the problem by ensuring the noise of the apparatus. In the apparatus of the new design of the mixing flow in the annular space 10 times more intense than in the heat exchanger with round pipes.

When replacing all pipes twisted pipes is achieved by intensification of heat transfer inside the tube and in the annular space, which allows for a 25-50% reduction in mass and volume of the device at the same cost of energy for pumping fluid. Hydraulic resistance to the flow by the cross pipe arrangement even decreases, as such, the device decreases the proportion of volume occupied by pipes, and increases the space in which the moving fluid.

Replacement round tubes twisted pipes not complicate the manufacturing of heat exchangers, as the manufacturing of twisted pipes in a single operation by pulling the round pipe through the die plate. Twisted shape will reduce the volume of the cooler, regenerator and heater.

To increase the efficiency of the DC must strive to increase efficiency regen the operator, which acts as a heat accumulator (TA), the taking - giving heat to the working body. Having, as a rule, the excess heat veer offers a fluid to sum up and to the regenerator, when the condition of excess fluid. The temperature of the regenerator is not much will be different from the temperature of the heater - this will facilitate and accelerate the heating of the working fluid in the heater, and thus to increase thermal efficiency of the Stirling cycle, and will even allow you to reduce the weight of the nozzle (the "biscuits"that fill the regenerator and which accept and store heat). Material for biscuits is Palanca from expensive metal mesh - chromium-nicelevel, stainless steel, nicelevel, tungsten, molybdenum cermet.

The main difficulty in the implementation of the proposed method of manufacture mechanical (electrical) energy using the Dps using the veer is approaching its heater heat settings, sufficient for its effective work - t₁=700°C and t₂=20°C. Consider them.

When designing boilers the temperature of the hot gases leaving the furnace, is chosen in the range 900-1200°C (8. s). In boilers, solid fuel, there is also a second type of carrier in the form of hot slag, ash, which can also be used for the PS. The temperature of the slag input to the grinding should not exceed 600°C (10). Slag is also suitable.

The use of heat in gas-turbine units (GTU) effectively due to the high temperature of 615°C and a significant amount of gas at the outlet of the turbine. In GTU 50 HTZ temperature after the turbine lower pressure 457°C (8. s) and if the temperature of the cooler will not 20-60°C, and significantly lower the Dps to be effective.

The ice owing to allocate a large amount of heat by the end of the combustion temperature in the cylinder is equal 1400-1700°C, and at the end of the expansion 600-750°C (8. s, 390, table,1). That's why it seems an ideal arrangement single unit: the internal combustion engine, and over him Bps (6. s.89.). The selection of thermal ware is made from each cylinder directly without the pipeline, if the number of row Dps coincides with the number of cylinders of the engine. Dps can work as a generator and the propeller, propeller shaft, the impeller or other mechanism, if the primary engine is powerful enough (BELAZ trucks, 6000 kW at a diesel locomotive (5. s.219), base ship, powerful tankers, icebreakers, ice class bulk carriers, IL - 62, 96, an - 22, 124) - this will save not only fuel, but also to increase the speed, range, mileage, and travel.

Exhaust gases from the high temperature processing units, too, they shall have sufficient capacity (7. table 1,8).

In areas with rough volcanic activity, magma is close to the surface with temperatures ranging from 600 to 1200°C (5). Reserves of natural pair of Kamchatka equivalent to 1500 mW of electricity, " what is three times greater than the capacity of the power system, Kamchatskenergo" (11).

A supply of coolant to the heater: the most effective option, when part of the Dps-heater, heating tube (6. p.87. s.) - located directly in the flue gas, steam, water, bunker with coke, slag, ash and directly perceive heat.

If this is not possible, the coolant is supplied to the heater through the drain with hot gases, steam, air, water from the main flue gas, steam, water, or using high-temperature blowers /16. s, RES/high-temperature circulation pump /6. p.137, RIS/ heat pipes (TT) (12), and when the cyclic operation of the heat source using a heat accumulator (TA) (6. p.132-139).

The principle of operation of the TT: the heated body can be easily cooled boiling liquid, and the resulting pairs are mechanically transported to a cold body. Condenses on it, the couple quickly gives off heat and again becomes liquid. As the speed of movement of the pair is much higher than the heat spreading along the rod, the amount of transferred energy can be increased what about the hundreds, and even thousands of times.

TT is a thin-walled metal cylinder, air from which it is pumped out. The inner wall is lined with saturated liquid in a porous material: metal mesh, fiberglass, sintered ceramics and cloth, which is used to make wicks. At moderate temperatures, good results are obtained tubes filled with distilled water, at high temperatures, sodium, potassium or lithium.

The flows of liquid and vapor inside the tube are adjusted by means of electric and magnetic fields, sound, ultrasonic vibrations.

TT beam diverging from a common point can operate as a lens, concentrating or razzhizhaya flows of heat, depending on which side is the source of energy. TT can be considered as the Converter heat flow. The large surface of the TT can be used for heating the heat flow is low density. The heat thus obtained can again be transferred to a heat flux of high density to another heat exchange surface. In this case, TT in relation to the density of the heat flux acts as the transformer voltage (6. s.138).

Example: lithium pipe put one end in the middle of a powerful electric arc, and the other in a tank of cold water - rod were heated instantly Doc who asna, and the water in the tank is boiling. For comparison, in order to transmit heat capacity 15kW copper core cross-section 1 cm at a distance of 0.5 m its hot end needs to heat up to 180000°C - 30 times hotter than the surface of the Sun. Lithium pipe size, heated to 1500°C, transmits this power when the temperature difference at the ends at 5°C.

THE stores heat at the time of termination of the receipt of the coolant. Both volumetric and mass energy system TA - Dps several times higher than other systems, including the most promising electric silver-zinc battery - electric motor. Time to increase capacity on THE 1kW h ten times less than that of any electric batteries with limited charging current density (6. s-138).

The most promising layout DS "double action" [name of the "double action" based on the fact that in each cylinder of the positive work performed during both strokes of the piston up and down, i.e. within one revolution of the crankshaft takes two working stroke of the piston (6. p.39)], are V-shaped with a conventional crank mechanism crosshead type engines with drum cylinder with an oblique plate, which ensures a tight engine and create the opportunity to join minigrinder, as through a pipe heater(common to all cylinders of the combustion chamber-heat), and through the channels of the cooler (General supply coolant to all coolers and drainage), which facilitates the supply of heat and drain (6. s.89. 90).

When the drum cylinder and actuator with oblique washer DS "double action" structurally feasible with three to nine cylinders.

When using thermal veer their design is much simpler, no auxiliary systems and components required for operation of the combustion chamber: the blower fan, air heater, fuel system, carburetion, external recycling external ignition at start-up, fuel tank, air filter.

Due to the above-mentioned auxiliary components and systems, special attention should involve the design of the universal Remote control: DC - powered by the heat carrier, which is obtained from the combustion chamber; Dps receives coolant from an external source, and DOS has a combustion chamber and able to work, receiving coolant from an external source of power from 1 to 10 kW generator 220, 380V or as a drill, pump, compressor,as emery and other attachments for wide use in industry and everyday life: lightweight, noiseless, it can be used is as an emergency the energy source, setting even on the balcony, instead of rattling Korean, Japanese, both fuel and low-RES. Setting it on the stove household stoves in rural areas, you can use lighting, a TV, while a cast-iron plate is heated, and if THE power supply can be used around the clock. This unit must be equipped with removable TT, one end of which can be placed in the fire, hot coals, and a flame of a gas canister, a blowtorch, a hot spring bath, slag, ash, and other hot springs in the country, at the garage, in the woods.

This unit needs to geologists, loggers and other professionals, in order not to carry large amounts of fuel in places where there is enough waste forest and other local fuel.

As in household and other specified cases, it is difficult to provide a uniform flow of coolant to the heater, the cavity of the heater is filled with melt teplozapasa substances. This heater into a mini-TA. The shape of the heater depends on the type of coolant: rectangular plate - for mounting on coal, ash, slag, geothermal source; clamp - for mounting on the pipeline.

Twisted form of tubes increases the heat exchange process 10 times and reduces 25-50% of their mass - all of which can be used in sevo is possible heating devices: economizers, the heaters, boilers, heating devices that can positively affect the work of the TPP; and jointly with DS mode chillers and cooling systems of various units, this will reduce the weight of heat exchangers (but the weight of some of them is up to 200 tons in the production of liquefied natural gas (17)) and save non-ferrous metals.

For another example. The Central problem in the creation of heavy duty generators worth the struggle with the heat, as it increases the current in the windings of the machine two times, four times increase heat loss, the current grows three times, heat - nine and so on time. Today is open cooling: water - stator winding, the hydrogen rotary and active iron. From around this Central problem today largely depends on the progress of turbogenerators. That is why, replacing this scheme for cooling the liquefied air by means of a DC mode Holodnaya, we will significantly increase the capacity of the generator. After American researcher PCU was able to raise the critical temperature of superconductivity up to -175°C, using metal oxides, cermets, the cooling of the windings of the generator should facilitate and accelerate the solution of the problem of superconductivity. And if it butatriene, the new generator will be 4-5 times less by weight, and power it can reach 10 million kilowatts. For another example. Only one circumstance limits the construction site of TPP, NPP - the need to be close enough water. The pump station must be pumped through their refrigerators whole river. For every million kW of power needed one quarter of a million cubic meters of water. Replacement water liquefied air solves a lot of problems especially in arid areas. Air is available everywhere in unlimited quantities, it does not need to be transported to the place of consumption. The use of liquid air as a cooling agent, and DC as a refrigerating machine, which is today the most highly efficient refrigerating machine /18. p.18/if it actuates the motor, also holds great economic benefits and make safe operation of refrigeration systems.

Ultra-low temperature for cooling the refrigerator Dps and twisted form of tubes of heat exchangers solves another important problem of the use of the energy potential of the Sun.

For normal operation DC requires a temperature difference of t₁-t₂=134°C (6. p.28). Using TT as a lens, concentrating the solar heat - most surface of the TT can be used for heating up the heat flux is low density. The heat thus obtained can again be transferred to a heat flux of high density to another heat exchange surface. If you recall that DS has high efficiency on non regimes in tropical areas, the temperature in most of the 40, 50, 60°C and heater Dps to put in the "compartment"where the conditions of the greenhouse effect, even in the middle latitudes inside the greenhouse temperature at 20° higher than on the Sunny side - Dps will be sure to work.

In one of the projects to generate electricity was proposed to use a glass tube coated on the inside semi-transparent semiconductor film. This pipe passes through the wall heat rays and 80% of them holds inside. The sun's rays through the cylindrical lens going in a narrow beam. Eventually you can get the temperature 530°C (5. s, 92). If such an installation to ensure that the molten metallic sodium, the melting point of which 92°C, it will provide electricity and at night.

If our country is ahead of other countries, will take the initiative to establish the production of different capacity and different "Russian" DS, they will find the most widespread not only in our country but around the world. For design and manufacturing of advanced and competitive energy the CSOs equipment will be easy to find investments. All the benefits from the use of Dps today just difficult to assess. For maximum use of the inexhaustible heat veer you in the shortest time to design and produce small, medium, powerful and heavy duty DC, so that the main direction in the development of electricity received is not the construction of new thermal power plants, thermal power plants, nuclear power plants, diesel power plants and hydroelectric power stations /hydroelectric/, and the development of thermal veer to the already built on industrial technological complexes of metals, chemicals, oil refining, petrochemical and other related industries, transport, thermal springs and using solar energy. If you make the minimal effort to apply DC only thermal and high temperature thermal systems, without boiler, ship power plants and other heat sources, without a doubt, it is possible to increase the electricity generation in the country at least twice, and this without increasing the fuel consumption, without building new power plants without increasing greenhouse gas emissions, only with cheap electricity will be possible transition from extremely expensive district heating system to elektromotoren.

To acquire such enormous resources will be needed for decades. This will be the plan "GORLO - 2".

The introduction of e is ergotherapie technology, without straining fuel resources, you can get huge fuel savings, investments, not blocking the river, not building nuclear power plants and to gain billions of kilowatts of cheap electricity, while our scientists will not solve the problem of fusion, although fusion power will heat the planet to catastrophic limits.

Such metal centers, as Kuzbass, MMK, Severstal, Norilsk Nickel Novolipetsk steel, aluminum giants, plants for the production of copper, zinc, tin and other metals, large boilers can become a major power suppliers for their regions, and this will entail a reduction of their main products.

The unit of energy in the form of electricity cost to the consumer about four times more expensive than in the form of heat generated by combustion of fuel oil, says academician

Mastertouch (14). The culprit is so expensive electricity is imperfect technology of its production, which does not change over a hundred years.

The conversion of fuel energy into electrical energy is carried out in modern steam power plants on the basis of complex thermal cycles. In the simplest composition condensing power plants (IES) enter the turbo-generator and boiler room [the most expensive and complicated part, more than 30 m high is a, specific metallovedenie 12-15 kg/ kW (15. s)] installation, pumps and steam and water pipelines connecting these units.

This equipment introduces additional losses in the IES. The main energy loss of KES are heat losses in the capacitor, which reach 60-70% of the heat consumption on the turbo-generator unit (15. p.16).

The purpose of the invention to find a way to generate cheap electricity at thermal power plants, CHP plants and boiler-houses, abandoning:

a) boiler units that convert heat burnt fuel into the kinetic energy of steam with parameters 550-600°C (700°C) and a pressure of 24 MPa (35 MPa) (11. p.4);

b) cumbersome systems of water treatment, recharge, to compensate for water, steam separation, cooling systems, auxiliary equipment for operation of these systems;

C) a turbine;

d) huge rooms and huge territories, including water basins.

Today, the closest method of the present invention is to obtain mechanical (electrical) energy through the gas turbine and geothermal power station (geothermal power plant).

Disadvantages does not only boiler installation, but the turbine. For gas turbines it is necessary to create pressure by using turbochargers. When working with the underutilization of the system's efficiency significantly decreases. The most is the reduced efficiency of gas turbine plants at partial loads during operation of the gas turbine with a constant rotational speed. When reducing the load of the gas turbine fuel supply into the combustion chamber is reduced at a constant flow of air from the compressor, which leads to a sharp decrease of the gas temperature before the turbine. To work GTU is greatly influenced by even the temperature and pressure of the surrounding air. The increase in temperature and decrease in atmospheric pressure lead to lower power turbines (15. p.236, 237).

For GTU requires intermediate cooling of the air during compression using water and oil system, cooling of the blades. The greatest difficulty increase capacity condensing turbine stem from the limited capacity passes through the last stage of the turbine of large amounts of steam, due to the large mass consumption, on the one hand and a large specific volume of steam in the latter stages. (15. s). For steam turbine requires a capacitor. The specific steam consumption of the turbine increases dramatically at lower loads, and increases with the increase of load in excess of the settlement. The lowest flow rate corresponds to only rated capacity, i.e. the capacity for which the turbine is calculated and accordingly executed. This power is called economic power.

The power consumption during the day is very uneven, and change the mode of operation of the steam turbine is not easy,since steam accumulates a large amount of heat and to cool it down takes a lot of time.

Turbine after stopping may SAG until cooled, and therefore requires turning. Turbine itself expensive and sophisticated equipment.

Even combined-cycle involves improving the overall efficiency by 6-8% and reduced capex by 25% compared with the steam turbine plant (15. s).

Currently, despite the high level of technology, the possibility of increasing thermal efficiency of the plants is still far from exhausted, and especially in this cycle, as the transformation of energy in the boiler, where the most complex heat transfer in energy. How to simplify and reduce the number of stages of energy conversion from heat.

When using thermal ware, as mentioned above, the design of the Dps easier.

That is why the author suggests the following ways to use Stirling engine.

The way we produce mechanical (electrical) energy in thermal power plants (TPP), the combined heat and power plants (CHP), nuclear power plants (NPP), diesel power plant (DPP), boiler, high temperature thermal complexes (blast furnace, open-hearth melting, smelting of non-ferrous metals, melting glass, calcination of limestone and other), power plants, transport, facilities for associated gas flaring, waste, while the engine is of Iringa uses or thermal secondary energy resources, or geothermal heat sources, or solar energy, or heat of the flame of the burning fuel, while heat is supplied to the heater, the cylinders with a working medium directly through outlets or flue gas, or steam, or water, using heat pipes (CT), heat accumulators (TA), applies twisted form of tubes of the heater, regenerator and cooler Stirling engine, and a cooling unit for cooling the Stirling engine liquefied air.

And thermal power plants, thermal power plants, thermal power plants, nuclear power plants (NPP) and boilers are units comprising: a Stirling engine and generator, which for their work directly perceive the heat of the flame of the burning fuel from a common combustion chamber.

On road, rail, aviation, water transport, the Stirling engine is used as the master.

Given all of the above and all the advantages of this method of power generation specified in claim 1, offers a powerful and heavy duty units Dps - generator (Dps - G) 1(see drawing) to use as the focus for thermal power plants, thermal power plants, nuclear power plants and boiler-houses, instead of the unit turbine - generator (T-G), excluding the cycle produce steam with a temperature of 550-600°C and pressure me to spin the turbine.

In the drawing, indicated power plant for verbadeliberately: 1 - the units of the Stirling engine - generator; 2 - combustion chamber; 3 - economizer; 4 - heater.

According to the new technologies for mechanical (electrical) energy is proposed instead of a boiler plant to use rectangular common combustion chamber 2 (see drawing), the sides of which are aggregates of the Dps-G, heaters inside the combustion chamber. Heater or tube heater directly perceive infrared and light radiation from the hot gases. The design of these Dps should be V-shaped or drum-type oblique washer "double action".

The holes in the combustion chamber is hermetically closed (valves inside the drive outside) at the time of repair or inspection of the Dps-G, which are mounted on rails, which drove up to the combustion chamber.

And here the advantage of this method is repeated selection of the coolant as it cools. To maintain the efficiency of the Dps-G as the cooling fluid, it is necessary to reduce the temperature of the liquefied air to cool the refrigerator. Where the temperature drops significantly, are aggregates of smaller power to drive auxiliary machinery: smoke exhausters, fans, pumps, compressors. And only low-grade heat veer use the SJ to heat with economizer 3 (see the drawing) and the heater 4 (see drawing) of the fuel air mixture to the combustion chamber and for heating purposes. But most importantly, it is possible to use data obtained from fuel combustion heat to generate electrical energy.

But the most promising, progressive and perfect from the point of view of ecology promises to be the technology of electricity generation using aggregates Dps - G and the combustion chamber in which steam is generated and superheated by direct combustion of hydrogen in oxygen environment (11. p.7) or air enriched with oxygen. For such cameras do not need a powerful chimney. It should not be clear from the combustion products.

Hydrogen fuel, with its huge reserves promise a great future.

With the new maloperations technology generation will leave the problem of filling the "failure" of the load, during these hours the load is reduced: by reducing the pressure of the working fluid in the working spaces of the engine, lowering the temperature in the combustion chamber, reducing the heat transfer in the refrigerator Dps. The new technology eliminates the whole cycle - preparation of high-temperature steam mixture to a steam turbine that will allow you to save fuel, a significant amount of technological equipment, water resources, significantly increase the number of cheap electricity, to increase the efficiency of the stations to reduce their dimensions, and boiler to turn into a mini-CHP, where the main product is electricity.

The new technology of electricity generation can serve even the argument in favor of alternatives to nuclear energy development in countries such as Iran and North Korea. Particularly advantageous is the use of powerful and heavy duty units Dps-G at nuclear power plants, nuclear icebreakers, because there is no need in the steam generator, deaerator, condenser, moisture separator, turbine Assembly, pumps and pipelines (8. s).

Without heat exchanger-steam generator heat from the reactor is fed to the heater Dps with TT, filled with liquid helium, the working fluid in the cylinders Dps is too gaseous helium - pure helium is the only working fluid that is passing through the active zone of the nuclear reactor does not become radioactive (6. p.33).

Helium has a high thermal capacity and better thermal conductivity than air. At the same pressures and temperatures, the density of helium is approximately 7 times less than the density of the air, so you can increase the speed of gas flow in the channels of the heat exchangers in 2-3 times without substantial pressure reduction. The increase of heat transfer coefficient when using helium instead of air can reduce the dimensions of the heat exchangers. As long as p is oblem occurs only due to radioactive water in the case of accidents at nuclear power plants?

Today, when the aging heat, electricity, physical collapse of the generators, the failure of the old boilers, and the problem is on the extension of resource units, has no one doubt it begs a legitimate question - what tomorrow will replace old equipment: according to an old technology, expensive and ineffective or new, energy-efficient and competitive? We are still the leaders in terms of enormous energy intensity of gross domestic product /GDP/. To achieve GDP growth of 1% we burn much more fuel than the developed countries of the world. Even when the transfer stations with steam power plants to more advanced combined cycle and growth efficiency=30% investor does not receive a significant return on invested capital. What do you burn 1000 cubes that 700, the cost of purchasing gas falling insignificant, and the payback period of 7-8 years (19).

If you switch to the new technology of electricity generation in thermal power plants, thermal power plants, nuclear power plants, boiler houses using aggregates Dps-G, as well as using thermal ware, geothermal heat sources and solar energy, it is safe to increase electricity production in two or three times, without increasing the number of constructed power plants.

This kind of energy-saving equipment will serve as base material for sidelnyk ideas of international cooperation, in contrast to destructive. This encourages the growing tensions of the world fuel and energy, raw materials and water balances.

External characteristics of the external combustion engine Stirling (BC) correspond to the external characteristics of modern internal combustion engines, DS has favorable flow characteristics torque, i.e. with decreasing shaft speed of the engine torque increases. In some cases, adaptability DS is about 50% higher than the carburetor (6. p.123).

Today, the use of DC transport prevents the cooling system - it is impossible to sum up and drain out the water.

Use on the main DC auxiliary DC operating mode of the refrigerating machine for cooling the refrigerator main engine liquefied air temperatures up to - (200°C), as well as twisted tube heat exchangers will solve the problem of cooling, and therefore the use of DC transport - air has no corrosive, leaves no deposits on the walls of blood vessels, which results in high efficiency of heat exchangers.

Drive auxiliary DC can serve as a motor, main DS, other auxiliary DC uses for its operation thermal veer primary DC. Due to the heat of the ware, if ru is et the power of the main DS, can work powerful Dps, as a generator, pump, fan, compressor, and in the presence of the coupling on the propeller shaft, the propeller, the traveling wheel that will not only save fuel, but also to increase the cruising range, flight, mileage and speed.

As DC external combustion easily run at any temperature, will be beneficial to use them in the North, where in winter the road on the ice road drivers have a day not to disable the engines, fearing that they do not start in the morning.

The use of DS in aviation will help to solve the problem of the silent engine.

Sources of information

1. Science and life. No. 11. 1988. p.41.

2. Industrial power engineering and heat engineering. The Handbook. M: "Energoatomizdat". 1983. P.21.

3. All, Ujamalidinov, You, Soumenkov. Automation systems of heat supply and ventilation. M: "Stroyizdat". 1980. C.5.

4. The inventor. The innovator. No. 11. 2005. p.10.

5. Encyclopedic dictionary of the young technician. M: Pedagogy 1980. p.93, 94.

6. Stirling Engines. "Engineering". M., 1977.

7. Anaerobic power plants with Stirling engines. Russian civilization. WWW. Eng. Strana. EN. (19.07.2006).

8. Thermal engineering. M: "High school". 1981. p.45.

9. Science and life. No. 6. 1984. p.31, 32.

10. Efrosinia, Ofrdata, Alameri is black. Industrial and heating boilers. "Energoatomizdat". M: 1984. .183.

11. Gas turbine technology. September - October. 1999. p.4, 45.

12. Junior technician. No. 7. 1976. pp. 27, 28.

13. Red star. 02.2008. p.6-12.

14. Science and life. No. 3. 1984. s.

15. Dupesinarow. Heat and power installations power plants. "Energia". M., 1967. p.16.

16. Abroad. No. 24. 1987. p.20.

17. Science and life. No. 7. 1988. s.

18. Junior technician. No. 5. 1966. p.18, 19. Soviet Russia. 07.06.2007. p.18.

1. The way we produce mechanical (electrical) energy in thermal power plants (TPP), boilers, power plants, transport, facilities for associated gas flaring, waste, while the Stirling engine uses or secondary heat energy, or geothermal heat sources, or solar energy, or heat of the flame of the burning fuel, while heat is supplied to the heater, the cylinders with a working medium directly through branches, or from flue gas, or steam, or water, using heat pipes (CT), heat accumulators (TA)applies twisted form of tubes of the heater, regenerator and cooler Stirling engine, and a cooling unit for cooling the Stirling engine liquefied air.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at TPPs and boiler is used aggregates - the Stirling engine and generator, which for their work directly perceive the heat of the flame of the burning fuel from a common combustion chamber.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that on road, rail, aviation, water transport, the Stirling engine is used as the master.