External heating engine |
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IPC classes for russian patent External heating engine (RU 2332582):
             
 Engine with external heat supply / 2091598
The invention relates to the field of engineering, namely the engine, engaged the engine with external heat supply
 The stirling engine / 2007605
The invention relates to the field of engineering, namely the engine, and can be used in the design of engines with external heat supply
 Heat machine "ilo" employing stirling closed cycle / 2326256
Invention is related to mechanic engineering and can be used to convert thermal energy into mechanical work. The invention can be widely used in transport and power industry using, for example geothermal sources, solar power and residual heat of internal combustion engines. Heat machine includes regenerator between cold and hot zones and no less than two closed spaces to displace working medium. Closed spaces are mechanically interconnected by their variable volumes and located in hot zone. No less than two coolers are positioned in cold zone. Coolers with equal and constant volumes are linked with reducing volumes of closed spaces in hot zone by means of parallel gas lines. Expanding volumes are interconnected by gas line. When maximum value is achieved, closed space is linked with the smallest reducing volume joined with all coolers through one of coolers to be replaced each cycle. Reducing space is then isolated before its minimum volume is achieved.
 Domestic combination heating-and-power system / 2319029
Invention relates to domestic combination heating-and-power device. Heating electric device, particularly, domestic combination heating and power system, contains two burners 3, 17. Dividing valve 23 divides air flow 24 into two flows, one per burner. Fuel is mixed with air. Regulator controls fuel and position of dividing valve, thus regulating amount of air supplied to each burner.
 Unit with stirling engine (versions) / 2319028
Invention relates to domestic combination systems used for producing heat and electric energy. Proposed unit has Stirling engine and mounting frame. Stirling engine contains displacer and power piston installed for reciprocating along axis. Engine is installed on frame so that, at its operation, axis passes along vertical. Engine is suspended from mounting frame by great number of extension springs. Other design version of unit with Stirling engine is described in invention.
 Cogeneration plant with stirling engine operating on locally available fuel / 2300654
Invention relates to cogeneration plants with Stirling engines designed for simultaneous production of electric energy and heat. Proposed cogeneration plant includes Stirling engine with electric generator fitted on one shaft, Stirling engine cooling system including pump an heat exchange-cooler through which air feed main line passes, external heat supply system with heat exchanger-recovering unit of heat of waste gases and heat exchanger of preliminary heating through which external heat supply system is coupled with cooling system of Stirling engine, and exhaust gas main line. Plant is furnished additionally with gas generator providing production of generator gas from different types tires of locally available fuel, generator gas main line connecting gas generator with combustion chamber of Stirling engine, main line for partial return of exhaust gases into combustion chamber of stirling engine, pump in external heat supply system providing flow of heat carrier in succession through preliminary heating heat exchanger and heat exchanger-recovering unit of heat of waste gases. Wood, peat and oil shale can be used as locally available fuel.
 Method of operation and design of heat engine / 2274756
Invention relates to displacement heat engines with external supply of heat operating according to thermodynamic Stirling cycle. They can be used in different spheres of machine-building to drive self-contained objects operating under conventional atmospheric conditions. Proposed engine contains at least one ring cylindrical chamber, rotor made in form of face plate with ring cylindrical projection dividing space of chamber into inner and outer eccentric spaces. Blades are installed on hinge joints in longitudinal slots of rotor. Two bypass channels are made in chamber. One of said channels passes through recuperative heat exchanger and it. Communicates interblade volumes. Second bypass channel communicates interblade volumes of spaces at minimum values and it passes through recuperative heat exchanger and external heater. Method of operation of engine is described in invention.
 Power generating plant / 2266418
Proposed power generating plant contains thermal sorption compressors made in form of reactors with metal hydride powder. Reactors interact with exchangers with liquid heat carrier and cold carrier. Reactors are intercoupled by gas spaces of hydrogas drives. Hydraulic spaces of gas hydraulic drives are connected through two-position electromagnetic gas distributor with high and low pressure spaces of hydraulic motor with displacement control of speed of rotation. Gas hydraulic drives are connected at desorption to high pressure hydraulic line of hydraulic motor, and at sorption, to low pressure hydraulic line. At changing over of connection of hydraulic distributors to reactors, higher temperature source transfers heat to heat carrier and at lower temperature, to cold carrier.
 Power plant with stirling engine and heat accumulating agent / 2261355
One or several sections of the heat accumulator are charged repeatedly depending on the operation conditions of the Stirling engine (duration of continuous operation, required power, and so on). For this purpose, the heat accumulator is divided into sections. The sections are charged by energy supplied through the heating devices to the heat accumulating agent. After charging, when the engine is operated in autonomous regime, the heat released by heat accumulating agent through the accumulator walls is transmitted to the walls of the heater of the Stirling engine to provide its starting and operation. When the Stirling engine is in operation, mechanical energy is converted into the electric power with the use of the electric generator. To cool the Stirling engine, a refrigerator is use through which the cooling agent is supplied.
 Power plant with stirling engine for vehicles / 2261354
High-pressure gas is supplied to the fuel supply line from the vessels with compressed natural gas. Flowing through the throttle, gas is throttled to drop its temperature and pressure and enters heat exchanger where it cools the fluid of the cooling system of the engine. The gas then enters combustion chamber of the engine. The exhaust gas is supplied through the pipeline to the heat exchanger where the gas heats air supplied to the engine and after cooling the gas is discharged to the atmosphere. The air is sucked from the atmosphere through the device and supplied to the Stirling engine through the supply line. To produce power, an electric generator is mounted on the shaft of the Stirling engine.
 Power plant with stirling engine and intermediate heat-transfer agent / 2261353
Thermite fuel is ignited by means of the igniting device in the heat generator. The combustion heat of the fuel is transmitted through the heat pipe to the walls of the heater of the Stirling engine, which provides starting of the engine. When the Stirling engine is in operation, mechanical energy is converted into the electric power with the use of the electric generator. The refrigerator, through which coolant is supplied, is used for cooling the Stirling engine.
 Power plant with stirling engine for vehicles / 2261352
High-pressure gas is supplied to the fuel supply line from the vessels with compressed natural gas. Flowing through the throttle, gas is throttled to drop its temperature and pressure and enters heat exchanger where it cools the fluid of the cooling system of the engine. The gas then enters combustion chamber of the engine. The exhaust gas is supplied through the pipeline to the heat exchanger where the gas heats air supplied to the engine and after cooling the gas is discharged to the atmosphere. The air is sucked from the atmosphere through the device and supplied to the Stirling engine through the supply line. To produce power, an electric generator is mounted on the shaft of the Stirling engine.
 Power plant with stirling engine, heat accumulator and intermediate heat carrier / 2255236
Invention can be used as power plant for special application, for instance, for special fortifications, submerged objects and mobile complexes. Heat accumulator is charged by energy supplied from heat source through closed gas circuit. Circulation of gas heat carrier, for instance, helium, in closed circuit is provided by compressor. Heat from heat accumulating substance is conveyed through walls of accumulator to walls of heater of Stirling engine, leading to gradual temperature rise and pressure rise in working circuit of engine and starting of engine. With engine operating, mechanical energy is converted into electric energy by electric generator. Cooler is used for cooling Stirling engine by cooling medium circulating through cooler.
 Power plant with stirling engine and heat accumulator / 2255237
Invention can be used for special purpose objects, such as fortifications, submerged objects and mobile complexes. Heat accumulator is charged by energy supplied through heater to heat-accumulating substance. After charging, at self-contained operation, heat released by heat-accumulating substance is conveyed through walls of heat accumulator to walls of Stirling engine heater which provides starting and operation of Stirling engine. With engine operating, mechanical energy is converted into electric energy by electric generator. Cooler is used for cooling Stirling engine by cooling medium circulating through cooler.
 External combustion engine / 2258824
Proposed external combustion engine contains housing, heater and cooler connected with chamber accommodating working shaft and rotor with seals. Chamber includes hot and cold chambers. Engine is provided with accumulator and feeder, the latter delivers lubricating-and-cooling liquid from accumulator into cold chamber. Heater is provided with check valve. Accumulator is connected at one side with heater and at other side, with cooler. Chamber accommodates crankshaft, rotor is placed in slot of working shaft. Axle is fitted in center of rotor. End of axle gets into hole made in crankshaft.
 Power-generating plant with stirling engine operating on gas-free fuel / 2258825
Invention can be used to supply special application objects, for instance, fortification, underwater and mobile complexes. According to invention, fuel in reaction chamber is ignited by igniter. Heat liberated at combustion of fuel increases temperature inside reaction chamber. Heat from high temperature area is transmitted to walls of heat generator owing to heat conduction of fuel and its combustion products. Heat from walls of generator is transmitted owing to heat conduction to walls of heater of Stirling engine, thus providing starting of engine. With Stirling engine operating, mechanical energy is transformed into electric energy by means of electric generator. Cooler is used for cooling Stirling engine. Coolant circulates through said cooler.
 Power-generating plant with stirling engine / 2258826
Invention can be used to supply special application objects, for instance, fortification, underwater and mobile complexes. Heat liberated at combustion of thermit fuel rises temperature inside reaction combustion chamber of heat generator. Heat from reaction chamber is transmitted through heat carrier of closed gas circuit to walls of heater of Stirling engine, thus providing starting of engine. Compressor is used to provide circulation of heat carrier in closed gas circuit. With Stirling engine operating, mechanical energy is transformed into electric energy by electric generator. Cooler through which coolant circulates is used for cooling Stirling engine.
 Power-generating plant with stirling engine operating on gas-free fuel / 2258827
Invention can be used to supply special application objects, for instance, fortification, underwater and mobile complexes. According to invention, thermit fuel charges in section of heat generator are ignited by igniter. Heat liberated at combustion of fuel is transmitted from high-temperature area owing to heat conduction of fuel and its combustion products to walls of heat generator. Heat from walls of generator, owing to heat conduction, is transmitted to walls of heater of Stirling engine, thus providing starting of engine. With Stirling engine operating, mechanical energy is transformed into electric energy by means of electric generator. Cooler through which cooling agent circulates is used for cooling Stirling engine.
 Power-refrigerating system "stirling-stirling" for mobile complexes / 2259516
The power refrigerating "Stirling-stirling" system for mobile complexes comprises a stirling engine with a power generator on one shaft, Stirling refrigerating machine with an electrical drive on one shaft, fuel supply line, line of air supply to the engine combustion chamber with an actuator valve, line of exhausted gases from the engine combustion chamber, total system of engine and refrigerating machine cooling with a pump and a heat exchanger. The line of air supply to the combustion chamber passes through the heat system through the air heat-exchanger heater in the waste gas line. The common system of cold supply includes two closed circuits, having a reverse side with the heat exchange and the pump located on it.
Power plant with stirling engine for vehicles / 2261352
High-pressure gas is supplied to the fuel supply line from the vessels with compressed natural gas. Flowing through the throttle, gas is throttled to drop its temperature and pressure and enters heat exchanger where it cools the fluid of the cooling system of the engine. The gas then enters combustion chamber of the engine. The exhaust gas is supplied through the pipeline to the heat exchanger where the gas heats air supplied to the engine and after cooling the gas is discharged to the atmosphere. The air is sucked from the atmosphere through the device and supplied to the Stirling engine through the supply line. To produce power, an electric generator is mounted on the shaft of the Stirling engine.
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FIELD: engines and pumps. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to power plants and volume expansion engines, particularly to those running by expanding and compressing a working volume of gas heated and cooled in one or several continuously communicating chambers, e.g. operating on the Stirling engine principle. The external heating engine incorporates a hot set and cold set crankshafts, a set of hot cylinders with pistons and a hot con-rod set coupled, on one side, with hot pistons and, on the other side, with the hot set crankshaft, a set of cold cylinders with pistons and a cold con-rod set coupled, on one side, with cold pistons and, on the other side, with the cold set crankshaft. The engine also comprises a set of pipes connecting in pairs the hot and cold cylinders and incorporating a heat regeneration unit, a power train, a combustion chamber, a compressor, a heat exchanger and a fuel pump. The dimensions of the hot cylinders set and cold cylinders set PX are selected from the ration EFFECT: higher efficiency. 8 cl, 2 dwg
The invention relates to the field of power plants and engines volumetric displacement, in particular to the engine during the expansion and compression of the mass of the working gas, which is heated and cooled in one or more continuously connected cameras, such as engines, operating on the Stirling cycle. The well-known Stirling engine - energy Converter direct cycle with external heat supply, including the combustion chamber and the refrigerator [Grider, Choper. Stirling Engines. M.: Mir, 1986, p.55]. The disadvantage of this engine is relatively low efficiency. It is also known a device including the Converter direct cycle (engine) generator on the same shaft, line, fuel line, heat exchanger-the heat exchanger high temperature exhaust gases of the engine through which the highway passes the exhaust gases of the engine, the cooling system of the engine, connected through the heat exchanger system with external heat supply. The device is also equipped as a Converter direct cycle Stirling engine, heat exchanger-heat exchanger high temperature exhaust gas of the Stirling engine, made in the form of steam generator, steam and water pump-heater, heat exchanger-a heat exchanger low-temperature exhaust gas of the engine When Iringa, heat exchanger-cooler, and highway water supply valve, which divides into line with regulating valve, passing through the heat exchanger, the coolant in the steam generator, and a line valve, passing through the heat exchanger-heat exchanger low-temperature exhaust gas of the Stirling engine in steam-water pump-heater, a line of high-pressure steam coming from the steam generator to the steam-water pump-heater, and the highway system hot water coming from the steam-water pump-heater, and the highway exhaust gas of the Stirling engine sequentially passes first through the steam generator, and then through the heat exchanger-heat exchanger low-temperature exhaust gases [EN (11) 2187680 (13) C1 (51), IPC 7 F02G 1/04, B63G 8/36, 2006]. The disadvantage of this device is also relatively low efficiency. The closest in technical essence to the present invention is externally heated engine (alpha-modification of the Stirling engine), containing the crankshaft hot group and the crankshaft of the cold group, hot group of cylinders with pistons and a corresponding group of rods connected to one side with hot pistons, and on the other hand - with a crankshaft of the hot group, a group of cold cylinders with pistons and compliance is adequate it to the group of rods, connected to one side of each piston, on the other hand - with the crankshaft of the cold group, a group of tubes connecting pairs of hot and cold cylinders and containing a heat recovery device, a transmission connecting the crankshaft hot group with a crankshaft of the cold group, a combustion chamber, a compressor for supplying air into the combustion chamber and heat exchanger [Engine Scottish pastor. "Engine", №5, 2005. www.engine.aviaport.ru/issues/39/page 26.html]. The disadvantage is the closest technical solution is also relatively low efficiency. The required technical result is to increase efficiency. The technical result is achieved that the device containing the crankshaft hot group and the crankshaft of the cold group, hot group of cylinders with pistons and a corresponding group of rods connected to one side with hot pistons, and on the other hand - with a crankshaft of the hot group, a group of cold cylinders with pistons and a corresponding group of rods connected with one side of each piston, on the other hand - with the crankshaft of the cold group, a group of tubes connecting pairs of hot and cold cylinders and containing a heat recovery device, a transmission connecting the crankshaft hot group to the crankshaft cold the Oh group, fuel pump, combustion chamber, a compressor for supplying air into the combustion chamber and the heat exchanger, the size of the hot cylinder group and the cold cylinder group is selected from a ratio
where d is the diameter of the cylinder; C=2.185·10-5- perennial; λ - coefficient of thermal conductivity of the working gas (air); ω - the maximum angular velocity of rotation of the crankshaft at which remain isothermal expansion-compression of the working gas in the cylinders; Withp- specific heat of the working gas (air) at constant pressure; ρ - the density of the working gas (air). In addition, the required technical result is achieved in that the piston stroking cylinders and pistons of the group cold cylinders made without piston rings. In addition, the required technical result is achieved by the fact that the group of hot cylinders with pistons made with insulation. In addition, the required technical result is achieved by the fact that the group of tubes connecting pairs of hot and cold cylinders and containing a heat recovery device, made with thermal insulation. In addition, the required technical result is achieved by the fact that the lubrication of the rubbing surfaces of the groups of rods, crankshaft and transmission done by the is a low-temperature grease (up to 200° C). In addition, the required technical result is achieved by the fact that the lubrication of the rubbing surfaces of the hot cylinder group and the cold cylinder group is made of graphite grease (up to 450°). In addition, the required technical result is achieved in that the connecting rods and crankshafts are placed in the low temperature area. In addition, the required technical result is achieved in that the friction surfaces of the pistons and cylinders do not have grease. Figure 1 presents the design of the externally heated engine (in a particular case, use one hot and one cold cylinders), figure 2 - diagram "pressure-volume" of the externally heated engine. The externally heated engine (figure 1) contains a group of hot cylinder 1 with a piston 2 and its corresponding connecting rods 3 connected to one side with hot pistons 2 and, on the other hand - with the crankshaft 4 hot group. The externally heated engine also contains a group of cold cylinder 5 with the piston 6 and the corresponding group of rods 7 connected to one side of each piston 6, on the other hand - to the crankshaft 8 of the cold group. In addition, the externally heated engine contains a group of tubes 9, connecting pairs of cold 5 and 1 hot cylinders and contains the device 15 regen the emission of heat, the transmission 10, which connects the crankshaft 4 hot group to the crankshaft 8 of the cold group, the insulation 16, the fuel pump 11, a combustor 12, a compressor 13, an air supply into the combustion chamber and the heat exchanger 14. Thus, the dimensions of the hot cylinder group 1 and the cold cylinder 5 groups selected from ratio
where d is the diameter of the cylinder; C=2.185·10-5- constant is a dimensionless quantity, is found in the analysis of the mathematical model of the Stirling cycle based on the General system of equations of the dynamics of viscous compressible gas environment; λ - coefficient of thermal conductivity of the working gas (air); ω - the maximum angular velocity of rotation of the crankshaft (crank mechanism), in which are stored isothermal expansion-compression of the working gas in the cylinders; Withp- specific heat of the working gas (air) at constant pressure; ρ - the density of the working gas (air). Equation (1) obtained from analysis of a mathematical model of the Stirling cycle based on the General system of equations of the dynamics of viscous compressible gas medium from the condition of maximizing the efficiency of the external combustion engine subject to the following conditions: - hot and cold cylinders exploded the space and have the same dimensions round (cylindrical) shape; - as a working gas adopted the air; for model air had taken its representation in the form of a viscous compressible gas environment; - hot and cold cylinders are connected by a tube with a heat regenerator; - hot and cold cylinders and tube heat regenerator is placed in an ideal thermal insulator; the coefficient of friction of the pistons inside respectively hot and cold cylinders, close to zero; device converting longitudinal motion into rotational, for example a crank pair, connected to the crankshaft, placed in a low temperature area. To characterize the conditions of preservation of isothermal expansion process compression will consider the diagram "pressure P, the volume V, is presented in figure 2. Select the extension line of the two points so that approximately ran equality: P1=Pmin+0.7·(Rmax-Rmin) P2=Pmin+0.3·(Rmax-Rmin) This site is well described by a curve that resembles the following: R·Vk=const where P1·V1k=P2·V2k The index k for air is changed in the range from 1 to 1.4. When the value of k=1 the process is called isothermal (i.e. flows at a constant temperature), and a value of k=1.4 process is called adiabatic (i.e. occurs at otsutstvie heat). With larger cylinders the process is close to adiabatic, and at small - to isothermal. The measure of proximity to the isothermal process, we propose to determine the condition k<1.1 Works externally heated engine as follows. In the externally heated engine (Stirling engine) combustion chamber 12 outside the hot cylinder 1 and the heat needed to perform the work, will be passed into the hot cylinder 1 through their walls. In the cold cylinder 5 is compression of the gas, then the gas is moved into the hot cylinder 1, is heated in the hot cylinder 1 is its extension, which produces mechanical work. It is believed that the Stirling engine can have a cycle, as close as possible to the ideal Carnot cycle. In fact, when the traditional Stirling engine sizes there is a strong deviation from the ideal Carnot cycle because the gas compression and expansion during operation of the Stirling engine is not on the isotherm, and almost adiabatic. This circumstance leads to a significant reduction efficiency of the Stirling engine traditional sizes. In order for the compression and expansion of gas occurred along the isotherm, it is necessary to increase the ratio of the area of the walls of the cylinder to its volume. Known attempts and to implement this increase is due to the introduction into the cylinder and the piston crown special edges, increasing the surface area of the metal walls. However, these solutions do not give full isothermal cycle, which can be obtained by reducing the dimensions of the cylinders and pistons with a corresponding increase in the number of cylinders and pistons to maintain the required output of the engine. In order for the compression and expansion of gas occurred along the isotherm, it is necessary to increase the ratio of the area of the walls of the cylinder to its volume, which can be obtained by reducing the dimensions of the cylinders and pistons with a corresponding increase in the number of cylinders and pistons to maintain the required output of the engine. The analysis of the mathematical model of the Stirling cycle based on the General system of equations of the dynamics of viscous compressible gas medium from the condition of maximizing the efficiency of the external combustion engine obtained the relation (1), allowing to determine the requirements for the diameter of the cylinder. As a result, when selecting the parameters of the cylinders based on the ratio of (1) increasing the efficiency of the external combustion engine, which leads to achieving the desired technical result. This effect is due to the fact that the device converting longitudinal motion of the pistons into rotational motion of the shaft is placed in the area of external cooler. In addition, the connecting rods of the groups attached one con is ohms to the crankshaft, and the other to the piston rods, and the rods and crankshafts are placed in the low temperature area. In the externally heated engine pistons 2 groups of hot cylinder 1 and the piston 6 group cold cylinder 5 can be performed without piston rings. In addition, the group hot cylinder 1 with a piston 2 can be performed with insulation and group tube 9 connecting pairs of cold 5 and 1 hot cylinders and containing regeneration device can also be made with insulation. This lubrication of the rubbing surfaces of the groups of rods, crankshafts 4 and 8 and the transmission 10 is made of low-temperature grease (up to 200° (C), and lubrication of the rubbing surfaces of the hot cylinder group 1 and the cold cylinder 5 is provided with graphite grease (up to 450°). There is also a variant application of the externally heated engine, when the friction surfaces of the pistons and cylinders have no lubrication. This is because the isothermal process, characteristic of the externally heated engines, allows you to maintain almost the same temperature of the piston and cylinder, so the gap between them can be made sufficiently small. So, if the temperature difference between the piston and cylinder will be 10°when the diameter is 10 mm, the difference in thermal expansion for steel cylinders the pistons will be about 1.2 μm. If you give more tolerance for the manufacture of 1 μm, you will get the gap 2.2 micrometer. Air leaks at such gap is acceptable. The situation is further improved by reducing the diameter of the cylinder. The temperature difference decreases linearly with decreasing diameter. Thus, due to the implementation of the cylinders based on the requirements defined by the ratio of (1) and other specified performance characteristics for the device, significantly increases its efficiency, which leads to achieving the desired technical result. 1. The externally heated engine containing the crankshaft hot group and the crankshaft of the cold group, hot group of cylinders with pistons and a corresponding group of rods connected to one side with hot pistons, and on the other hand - with a crankshaft of the hot group, a group of cold cylinders with pistons and a corresponding group of rods connected with one side of each piston, on the other hand - with the crankshaft of the cold group, a group of tubes connecting pairs of hot and cold cylinders and containing a heat recovery device, a transmission connecting the crankshaft hot group crankshaft cold group, a combustion chamber, a compressor for supplying air into the combustion chamber and heat exchanger, fuel pump, from which causesa fact, the size of the hot cylinder group and the cold cylinder group is selected from a ratio
where d is the diameter of the cylinder; C=2,185·10-5- perennial; λ - coefficient of thermal conductivity of the working gas (air); ω - the maximum angular velocity of rotation of the crankshaft at which remain isothermal expansion-compression of the working gas in the cylinders; Withp- specific heat of the working gas (air) at constant pressure; ρ - the density of the working gas (air). 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pistons stroking cylinders and pistons of the group cold cylinders made without piston rings. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hot group of cylinders with pistons made with insulation. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the group of tubes connecting pairs of hot and cold cylinders and containing a heat recovery device, made with thermal insulation. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the lubrication of the rubbing surfaces of the groups of rods, crankshaft and transmission is carried out low-temperature grease (up to 200°). 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the lubrication of the rubbing surfaces of the hot cylinder group and the hole is the breaking cylinder group is made of graphite grease (up to 450° C). 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting rods and crankshafts are placed in the low temperature area. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the friction surfaces of the pistons and cylinders do not have grease.
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