Method for erection of foundation for machines and arrangement of foundation for machines

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: method for erection of foundation under machines consists in deepening of massive reinforced concrete foundation foot of rectangular or prismatic shape in plan into ground base by ≥¼ of its height, but at least 1 m, its hydraulic insulation against hazardous effect of aggressive ground waters and arrangement of centre of gravity of machine and center of gravity of foundation foot area on the same vertical line, at the same time support surface of foundation is accepted as having area calculated according to given dependence. Support surface of foundation, which is rectangular in plan, is arranged with foot of spherical convex shape, at the same time given dependences are used to identify radius, angle of sector of elastic half-contact of sphere with ground, pressure of structural strength of ground for stretching, critical pressure under center of sphere, besides sphere of foundation is deepened. Support spherical surface is prevented against displacements with slippage and against tilting under action of external dynamic load by increasing edge horizontal support part of foundation rectangular in plan, protruding beyond edges of spherical support central surface, or by anchoring foundation to soil by means of piles. Also arrangement of foundation for machines is proposed.

EFFECT: increased bearing capacity, increased service life.

4 cl, 2 ex, 15 dwg

The group of inventions relates to the field of massive frame and Foundation, specifically to the foundations, erected on ground bases and operating under dynamic load unbalanced inertia forces of the moving parts of machines.

There is a method of construction of the foundations of the machine, which consists in sinking a massive reinforced concrete foundations rectangular or prismatic beam shape in the subgrade onheight, but not less than 1 m, with waterproofing from the harmful effects of aggressive groundwater and the location of the center of gravity and center of gravity of the square foot basement on the same vertical line, with the flat bearing surface of the Foundation take the squarewhere E_SIMP.- the modulus of elasticity of the soil; K_aboutthe shape factor of the Foundation in the plan, µ_aboutis the Poisson's ratio of the soil, C_z- coefficient of elastic uniform compression, at design pressure on the subgrade R=C_SIMP.·S_SIMP.where S_SIMP.elastic deformation of the base, With_SIMP.the coefficient of elasticity of the soil, taken equal to (_SIMP.=C_z) coefficient of elastic uniform compression of the soil (C_z), (C_SIMP.=C_f=2C_z) coefficient of elastic non-uniform compression, (C_{SIMP. =Cx=0,7Cz) the coefficient of elastic shearF - area of the sole Foundation [1].}

A significant drawback of the known method of construction of the Foundation is to install them on a flat prepared subgrade flat support surface. This flat contact phase elastic contact interaction is negligible in the pressure range contact interaction, which is determined with a large error on the schedule S=f(p) soil testing stamp static loads.

Process result by the method of construction of the foundations of the machine, which consists in sinking a massive reinforced concrete foundations rectangular or prismatic beam in plan form in the subgrade onheight, but not less than 1 m, with waterproofing from the harmful effects of aggressive groundwater and the location of the center of gravity and center of gravity of the square foot basement on the same vertical line, while the bearing surface of the Foundation take the squarewhere E_SIMP.- the modulus of elasticity of soil_aboutthe shape factor of the Foundation in the plan, µ_ois the Poisson's ratio of the soil, C_z- coefficient of elastic uniform compression is achieved in that the support over the awn Foundation is rectangular in plan perform with the sole of the spherical shape of radius where d is the diameter of the imprint of the recessed areas on the surface of the ground,is the sector angle of the elastic polycontact areas with soil- pressure structural soil strength in tension, φ is the angle of internal friction and C - specific cohesion of the soil,critical pressure under the center of the sphere, the average allowable pressure on an elastic subgrade calculated aswhere- radius plot of the contact stresses under the center of the sphere, f=1-cosψ_SIMP.while the scope of the Foundation deepened by the value S=(d/2)[(1-cosψ_SIMP.)/sinψ_SIMP.] when it is upsettingwhere E_about- module of the volumetric strain of the soil, while the reference spherical surface to protect against displacement by twisting and tilting under the action of external dynamic loads by increasing edge of the horizontal support part of the rectangular Foundation extending beyond the edges of the spherical support of the Central surface, or by anchoring the Foundation to the soil piles. Process result according to the method is achieved by the fact that the supporting surface of the sole Foundation prismatic beam forms perform convex cylindrical lengthwith the capability, the m a hemispherical end, in this case, the radius of the cylinder is equal to R_C.=/(2sinψ_ynp.), in - the width of the print cylinder, and the cylinder deepened to a depth of S=(/2)[(1-cosψ_SIMP.)/sinψ_SIMP.] with an average permissible pressure on an elastic subgrade cylinder- the average pressure under the cut-off ends of the cylinder, when soil sediment S_C=2V·p_C.^at.(1-µ_about²)/(π_aboutunder the cylinder, where E_aboutmodule volumetric strain, and a cylindrical bearing surface immersed in a pre-deep cylindrical recess in the ground with radius R_C.on the depth of S=(/2)[(1-cosψ_SIMP.)/sinψ_SIMP.], and a cylindrical bearing surface protects against longitudinal displacement and lateral tilting under the action of external loads by increasing the longitudinal horizontal support part of the prismatic beam Foundation extending beyond the edges of the cylindrical support surface, or by anchoring the Foundation to gruntovaya the base of the piles.

A device of the foundations of the machine, made in the form of a rigid supporting base plate or rigid solid prismatic block with hollows, mines and holes for placing and fastening machines and software facilities in its service, the Foundation made a flat support surface is part of a rectangular or beam shape and made of reinforced concrete or brick in cement mortar, and the center of gravity and the center of gravity of the square foot basement are located on the same vertical depth of penetration of the basement in the subgrade isthe height of the aerial part and not less than 1 m in waterproofing from the harmful effects of aggressive groundwater, while the bearing surface of the flat support surface F={F_SIMP./[K_about·C_z·(1-µ_o²)]}²where E_SIMP.- the modulus of elasticity of soil_aboutthe shape factor of the Foundation in the plan, µ_aboutis the Poisson's ratio of the soil, C_z- coefficient of elastic uniform compression [1].

A disadvantage of the known device of the foundations of the machine is its flat bearing surface, characterized by a very small range of the contact pressure of the elastic interaction with ground base. The boundaries of the elastic contact between a rigid Foundation various flat shapes with ground bases are only approximately according to stumpokapow.

The technical result for the unit base under the machine, made in the form embedded in the subgrade onheight, but not less than 1 m, massive reinforced concrete Foundation slabs of a rectangular or prismatic beam in terms of the form p and waterproofing it from the harmful effects of aggressive groundwater and the location of the center of gravity and center of gravity of the square foot basement on the same vertical with the size of the footprint is equal to F={F_SIMP./[K_about·C_z·(1-µ_o²)]}²where E_SIMP.- the modulus of elasticity of soil_aboutthe shape factor of the Foundation in the plan, µ_aboutis the Poisson's ratio of the soil, C_z- coefficient of elastic uniform compression, with hollows, mines and holes for placing and fastening machines and software facilities in its service, is achieved by the fact that rectangular Foundation is made with the supporting base plate convex spherical shape with radiuswhere d is the diameter of the imprint of the recessed areas on the surface of the depth of the soil,is the sector angle of the elastic polycontact areas with soil- pressure structural soil strength in tension, φ is the angle of internal friction and C - specific cohesion of the soil,critical pressure under the center of the sphere, with an average permissible pressure on an elastic subgradewhere- radius plot of the contact stresses under the center of the sphere, f=1-cosψ_SIMP.and when the depth of field in the base and the sediment to a depth ofhorizontal support plate is made extending beyond the edges of the spherical reference n the surface, either equipped with anchor piles. The technical result of the proposed device is achieved by the fact that beam Foundation made in the form of a single continuous cylindrical or hemispherical end support surfaces with the radius of the cylinder R_C=b/(2 sinψ_SIMP.where is the width of the imprint recessed cylinder, with an average permissible pressure on an elastic subgrade

where- the length of the cylinder,

- the average pressure under the ends of the cylinder, and the depth of the cylinder into the base and the sediment to a depth ofwhere E_about- module of the volumetric strain of the soil, while the horizontal support portion of the prismatic beam Foundation is made extending beyond the edges of the cylindrical support surface or equipped with anchor piles.

The group of inventions is illustrated graphics, which figure 1 shows a rectangular base plate two-cylinder compressor with a spherical Central and horizontal angular bearing surface, figure 2 is a view of a figure 1 (top), figure 3 - a view B figure 1 (left), figure 4 - base rectangular plate wall type under the turbo-generator with a cylindrical surface terminating at the ends of the hemispherical what again, and the horizontal support surfaces on each side, figure 5 is a view In figure 4 (top), figure 6 - view of G figure 5 (left), 7 - base rectangular plate under horizontal reciprocating compressor with a cylindrical bearing surface length; Fig - type D 7 (top), figure 9 - view of E Fig.7 (left)figure 10 - calculated scheme of the regional and Central to critical load (p_C.^CR.the maximum elastic phase condition of the soil; on Fig - scheme of development of the contact pressure under the rigid cylinder of variable radius at a constant width of the contact spot (=const) and at a constant radius of the cylinder (R_C.=const) in the elastic phase condition of the soil; on Fig - dimensional plot of the elastic contact pressure along the length of thea rigid cylinder and its ends in soil Foundation; Fig - dependence of the average pressuremaximum elasticity in the soil under the hard cylinder of finite length; Fig - plot of the maximum pressure of the elastic state of the soil under a rigid sphere.

Example 1 the implementation of the method and device. The construction of the Foundation under the cars made in the form embedded in the subgrade onheight, but not less than 1 m of massive reinforced concrete foundations of the second rectangular plate 1 (figure 1, 2) or square in shape with waterproofing it from the harmful effects of aggressive groundwater and the location of the center of gravity of the machine 2 and the center of gravity of the square foot basement on the same vertical line with the size of the footprint F={F_SIMP./[K_about·C_z·(1-µ_about²)]}²where E_SIMP.- the modulus of elasticity of soil_aboutthe shape factor of the Foundation in the plan, µ_ois the Poisson's ratio of the soil, C_z- coefficient of elastic uniform compression, with the slots 3, the shafts 4 and holes 5 for placing and fastening machine 2 and the provision of facilities in its service. This rectangular Foundation is made with the supporting base plate 1 convex spherical shape 6 (3, 6) with radiuswhere d is the diameter of the imprint recessed areas 6 (Fig) on the surface of the depth of the soil,is the sector angle of the elastic polycontact (Fig) areas with soil- pressure structural soil strength in tension, φ is the angle of internal friction and C - specific cohesion of the soil,critical pressure under the center of the sphere, with an average allowable pressure (Fig) on an elastic subgrade

f=1-cosψ_SIMP., r_at.=R_SF.+p_C.^CR.- is the range of the plot of the contact stresses under the center of the sphere 6 and the depth of the sphere 6 in soil and sediment (Fig) to a depth of thus the horizontal support part 7 of the plate is made extending beyond the edges of the spherical bearing surface 6, or equipped with anchor piles 8.

The method of construction of the foundations of the machine is as follows. In the soil tear onthe height of the Foundation, but not less than 1 m, the lower end of a rectangular or cylindrical (not shown) in terms of shape and deepen the bottom of the sphere radiuswhere d is the diameter of the imprint of the spherical surface 6 of the base plate 1 (Fig 1) at the bottom of the pitis the sector angle of the elastic polycontact sphere (3, 15) with the ground,- pressure structural soil strength in tension, φ is the angle of internal friction and C - specific cohesion of the soil,critical pressure under the center of the sphere, and on the prepared bottom of the pit establish the reference spherical surface 6 of the base plate 1 of rectangular (figure 3) or square in shape when it is waterproofing from the harmful effects of aggressive groundwater and the location of the center of gravity of the machine 2 and the center of gravity of the square foot basement on the same vertical line, and the base surface of the base plate 1 taking squarewhere E_SIMP.- the modulus of elasticity of soil_about-coefficients which form the Foundation of the plan, µ_aboutis the Poisson's ratio of the soil, C_z- coefficient of elastic uniform compression, and the average allowable pressure on an elastic subgrade calculated aswhere- radius plot of the contact stresses under the center of the sphere, f=1-cos ψ_SIMP.when this field deepened by the value S=(d/2)[(1-cosψ_SIMP.)/sinψ_SIMP.] when it is upsettingwhere E_about- module of the volumetric strain of the soil, while the reference spherical surface 6 protect against displacement by twisting and tilting under the action of external dynamic loads by increasing edge of the horizontal support part of the rectangular Foundation extending beyond the edges of the spherical support of the Central surface 6, or by anchoring the Foundation to the soil piles 8 (figure 4).

Example 2 the implementation of the method and device. The construction of the Foundation under the cars made in the form embedded in the subgrade onheight, but not less than 1 m, massive reinforced concrete Foundation plate 1 of rectangular (figure 4, 5) or prismatic (Fig.7, 8) beamed in terms of shape when waterproofing it from the harmful effects of aggressive groundwater and the location of the center of gravity of the machine 2 and the center of gravity of the square foot basement on the od of the first vertical area of the supporting surface, equalwhere E_SIMP.- the modulus of elasticity of soil_about- coefficient of elastic uniform compression, with the slots 3, the shafts 4 and holes 5 (figure 4, 5, 7, 8) for placing and fastening machine 2 and the provision of facilities in its service. This rectangular beam Foundation made in the form of a single continuous cylindrical (7, 9), with or without integral hemispherical (figure 4, 6) support surfaces 6 with the radius of the cylinder R_C.=/(2sinψ_SIMP.), in - the width of the recessed imprint cylinderis the sector angle of the elastic polycontact (figure 10, 12) of the cylinder with the ground,- pressure structural tensile strength, φ is the angle of internal friction and C - specific cohesion of the soil,critical pressure under the center of the cylinder (11) for a length ofwhen the average allowable pressure (Fig) on the subgrade

- the average pressure under the ends of the cylinder, and the depth of the cylinder in the soil and sediment at a depth ofwhere E_about- module of the volumetric strain of the soil, while the horizontal support part 7 prismatic beam Foundation is made extending beyond the edge of the cylindrical bearing surface 6 or equipped with anchor what wami 8 (Fig.9).

The method of construction of the foundations of the machine is as follows. In the soil tear onthe height of the Foundation, but not less than 1 m, the pit rectangular shape with a length of(7, 8) and deepen its bottom along the radius of the cylinder 6 (6, 9) R_C.=b/(2·sinψ_SIMP.), in - the width of the print cylinder, 6-cylinder deepened to a depth of S=(/2) [(1-cos ψ_SIMP.)/sin ψ_SIMP.] with an average permissible pressure on an elastic subgrade (Fig)

- the average pressure under the cut-off ends of the cylinder 6 (Fig), when soil sediment S_C.=2V·p_C.^at.(1-µ_about²)/(π_aboutunder the cylinder, where E_aboutmodule volumetric strain, and a cylindrical bearing surface 6 is immersed in a pre-prepared cylindrical recess in the ground with radius R_C.on the depth of S=(/2)[(1-cosψ_SIMP.)/sinψ_SIMP.], and a cylindrical bearing surface 6 of the Foundation protects against longitudinal displacement and lateral tilting under the action of external dynamic loads by increasing the horizontal support part 7 (6) rectangular or prismatic beam Foundation, advocating for the edge of the cylindrical bearing surface 6, or by anchoring the Foundation to the soil the mu Foundation piles 8.

Spherical or cylindrical bearing surface deepened foundations machines greatly increases the elastic bearing capacity of the soil at theoretically prescribed angle (ψ_SIMP.they polycontact for given parameters φ and from the ground.

The proposed device of machine foundations guarantee elastic interaction with their ground base with a significant increase in service life.

Sources of information

1. Laletin, NV and foundations. - M.: Higher school, 1964. - S-214 (prototype according to the method and the device).

1. The method of construction of the Foundation under the machine, which consists in embedding the soles of massive reinforced concrete foundations rectangular or prismatic in shape in the subgrade onhis height, but not less than 1 m, it is waterproofing from the harmful effects of aggressive groundwater and the location of the center of gravity and center of gravity of the square foot basement on the same vertical line, while the bearing surface of the Foundation take the squarewhere E_SIMP.- the modulus of elasticity of soil_aboutthe shape factor of the Foundation in the plan, µ_ois the Poisson's ratio of the soil, C_z- coefficient of elastic uniform compression, characterized in that the bearing surface of the Foundation, Pramogu is inou in the plan comply with the sole spherical convex shape with a radius where d is the diameter of the imprint of the recessed areas on the surface of the ground,is the sector angle of the elastic polycontact areas with soil- pressure structural soil strength in tension, φ is the angle of internal friction and C - specific cohesion of the soil,critical pressure under the center of the sphere, the sphere of the Foundation deepened by the value S=(d/2)[(1-cosψ_SIMP.)/sinψ_SIMP.], and the reference spherical surface to protect against displacement by twisting and tilting under the action of external dynamic loads by increasing edge of the horizontal support part of the rectangular Foundation extending beyond the edges of the spherical support of the Central surface, or by anchoring the Foundation to the soil piles.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the bearing surface of the sole Foundation prismatic beam forms perform convex cylindrical length l possible with a hemispherical end, and the radius of the cylinder is equal to R_C.=/(2sinψ_SIMP.), in - the width of the print cylinder, the cylinder deepened to a depth of S=(/2)[(1-cos ψ.)/sinψ_SIMP.] with an average permissible pressure on an elastic subgrade cylinder

- the average pressure under the cut-off ends of the cylinder is a, when soil sediment S_C.=2V·p_C.^at.(1-µ_o²)/(πE_ounder the cylinder, where E_aboutmodule volumetric strain, and a cylindrical bearing surface immersed in a pre-prepared cylindrical recess in the ground with radius R_C.on the depth of S=(/2)[(1-cosψ_SIMP.)/sinψ_SIMP.], and the cylindrical bearing surface of the Foundation protects against longitudinal displacement and lateral tilting under the action of external dynamic loads by increasing the longitudinal horizontal support sections are rectangular or prismatic beam Foundation extending beyond the edges of the cylindrical support surface, or by anchoring the Foundation to gruntovaya the base of the piles.

3. The construction of the Foundation under the machine, made in the form of massive reinforced concrete Foundation slabs of a rectangular or prismatic in shape, embedded in the subgrade on the value ofits height, but not less than 1 m, gidroizolirovat from the harmful effects of aggressive groundwater, with the possibility of the location of the center of gravity and center of gravity of the square foot basement on the same vertical line, with the size of the footprint is equal to F={E_SIMP./[K_about·C_z·(1-µ_about²)]}²where E_SIMP.- the module in which rugosity soil, to_aboutthe shape factor of the Foundation in the plan, µ_ois the Poisson's ratio of the soil, C_z- coefficient of elastic uniform compression, with hollows, mines and holes and for placing and fastening machines and software facilities in its service, characterized in that the rectangular Foundation is made with the supporting base plate convex spherical shape with radiuswhere d is the diameter of the imprint of the recessed areas on the surface of the depth of the soil,is the sector angle of the elastic polycontact areas with soil- pressure structural soil strength in tension, φ is the angle of internal friction and C - specific cohesion of the soil,critical pressure under the center of the sphere, while the horizontal support portion of the plate is made extending beyond the edges of the spherical bearing surface, or equipped with anchor piles.

4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the beam Foundation made in the form of a single continuous cylindrical or hemispherical end support surfaces with the radius of the cylinder R_C.=/(2sinψ_SIMP.where is the width of the recessed imprint cylinderis the sector angle of the elastic polycontact cylinder with the ground, - pressure structural tensile strength, φ is the angle of internal friction and C - specific cohesion of the soil,critical pressure under the center of the cylinder length l, with an average permissible pressure on an elastic subgrade

- the average pressure under the ends of the cylinder, and the depth of the cylinder in soil and sediment at a depth of
where E_about- module of the volumetric strain of the soil, while the horizontal support portion of the prismatic beam Foundation is made extending beyond the edges of the cylindrical support surface, or equipped with anchor piles.