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Magnetron with regulated power

IPC classes for russian patent Magnetron with regulated power (RU 2357318):

H01J25/50 - Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field (with travelling wave not moving completely around the electron space H01J0025420000; functioning with plural reflection or with reversed cyclotron action H01J0025620000, H01J0025640000)

Another patents in same IPC classes:

Relativistic magnetron with external channels of resonators communication / 2337426
Invention is related to the field of relativistic high-frequency electronics and may be used for generation of intense microwave radiation. Relativistic magnetron with external channels of resonators communication has explosion-emission cathode (3), anode unit (1) with N resonators, cylindrical drift tunnel, magnet system (4) in the form of Helmholtz pair and wave-conductor power outlets (2) with number of n=2m, ... N, where m=1, 2, ... N/2 - integer number. Wave-conductor power outlets (2) of oppositely installed resonators are connected by means of m wave-conductor channels (5, 8) of rectangular section with length multiple of (2q+1)λ/2 for relativistic magnetron with number of resonators that satisfy the following condition: N/2 - even number, with length multiple of λq for relativistic magnetron that meets the following requirement: N/2- odd number, where q - positive integer number. In wave-conductor channels (5, 8) communication slots are provided with length) λ/2 for microwave emission outlet. Communication slots (6, 9) with number 2k are installed on wide wall of wave-conductor channel at the distance of λ/2 between each other, and one communication slot (7, 10) is installed on narrow wall of wave-conductor channel. For relativistic magnetron with number of resonators that satisfy the following condition: N/2 - even number, axes of communication slots (6) on wide wall of wave-conductor channel (5) are installed at the distance of pλ/2+λ/4 from channel axis alternately on different sides from middle line of wall, and communication slot (7) on narrow wall of wave-conductor channel (5) is installed on channel axis. For relativistic magnetron with number of resonators that meet the following requirement: N/2 - odd number, axes of communication slots (9) on wide wall of wave-conductor channel (8) are located at the distance of pλ/2 from axis of channel alternately on different sides from middle line of wall, and communication slot (10) on narrow wall of wave-conductor channel (8) is installed at the distance of pλ/4 from channel axis (p=0, ±1, ±2, ... ±k - integer number, λ - length of radiation wave of relativistic magnetron in wave-conductor channel).

Magnetron / 2334301
Magnetron contains vacuum chamber located in system of axial magnetic field. In vacuum chamber below cutoff waveguide, connected to internal power supply, diode, containing of cathode and anode with resonators in the shape of groove, output tool of microwave radiation are located. Resonators grooves of anode are implemented lengthwise of helical line variable-pitched, increasing from below cutoff waveguide into side of output tool of radiation.

Microwave oscillator / 2284608
Proposed oscillator has magnetron incorporating main cathode in interaction space and auxiliary thermionic cathode insulated from main one. Inserted between main and auxiliary cathodes is resistor which is connected in parallel with diode. Such connection of diode in parallel with cathode makes it possible to enhance current in direction of injection in interaction space and to set magnetron in working mode. Diode is rated at current injected in magnetron interaction space sufficient for its triggering.

Method of receiving ecologically clean energy from gravitational field / 2252335
According to proposed invention, axially symmetrical closed flow of ions or electrons is used rotating inside vacuum envelope of crossed-field generator providing generation of oscillations at frequency at which charge flow rotates at angular velocity from which its acceleration by gravitational field forces starts. Device is placed in anode voltage control circuit of crossed-field generator controlled by amplitude detector of generated oscillations which, providing constant frequency of generation and angular frequency of rotation of cloud of ions or electrons in process of acceleration increases electronic efficiency.

Magnetron with regulated power / 2357318
Present invention relates to electronic devices. The cathode of a magnetron is divided into electrical or thermal sections of arbitrary shape, size or location, connected to voltage proportional to the required power. According to this method, the filament-type cathode of the magnetron is made from a ring with a slit. Filament voltage is applied at the ends of the ring, depending on the power output from the electron-emitting layer deposited on the filament.

Magnetron / 2504041
Magnetron has the first set of blades 20, which are connected by outputs 52 with a coaxial output device 51 of communication, and the second set of blades 19, which (in one version) alternate with blades of the first set and are not connected with the output communication device. Blades of each set are retained, for instance, by bracing rings, which may be distributed along the length of the anode under one potential relative to each other, and polarity of one set of blades is opposite to polarity of the other set. An additional capacitance link is introduced by means of axial extenders 19a at the ends of the set of blades 19, which are not connected with the output communication device, and by selecting the size the cathode is substantially disconnected from the output communication device due to the opposite polarity of two sets of blades.

Magnetron having triggering emitters at end shields of cathode assemblies / 2528982
Invention relates to electronic engineering and is intended for use in high- and ultra high-power magnetrons in the centimetre, millimetre and sub-millimetre wavelength range. The result is achieved through structural division of the cathode assembly of the magnetron into two functional parts: the magnetron is triggered by electronic emission (thermionic or field) from end shields, and the operating mode of the magnetron is provided by a main secondary-emission cathode located in the electromagnetic field interaction space. The end shields are structurally made from a set of discs, one of which, which is the triggering emitter, is made of emission-active material (oxides or alloys). The triggering emitter is placed between two discs made of heat-resistant material, one of which shields the electron stream in the interaction space of the magnetron, and the second separates the triggering emitter from the main secondary-emission cathode, thereby preventing interaction of components contained therein. In a magnetron with instant triggering, the triggering emitter consists of a combination of field-emission cathodes and activators. The activators, made of active metals or compounds, are sources of activating substances which, when adsorbed on the surface of the field-emission cathodes, increase emission capacity thereof. The emission-active materials contain barium, calcium, yttrium, thorium and lanthanum oxides or alloys of platinum or palladium with barium or iridium with lanthanum or cerium, osmium with lanthanum etc.

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to electronic devices. The cathode of a magnetron is divided into electrical or thermal sections of arbitrary shape, size or location, connected to voltage proportional to the required power. According to this method, the filament-type cathode of the magnetron is made from a ring with a slit. Filament voltage is applied at the ends of the ring, depending on the power output from the electron-emitting layer deposited on the filament.

EFFECT: wider assortment of apparatus used for regulating power of the magnetron.

3 cl, 7 dwg

The invention relates to devices for electronics and can be used in household appliances and industrial processes.

Known magnetron [1, str-289], which is a series of holes around the circumference in the anode block, connected by narrow slits with a Central hole, in which the cathode. Every hole from this number represents the resonator, i.e. degenerate into the hole with the slot of the oscillatory system, where the hole is a coil inductance, and its cut - plane of the condenser. Management of electrons in the magnetron is made by exposure to electron flow from the cathode of constant electric and magnetic fields. When voltage is applied to the cathode and the anode and the cathode emitted electrons and its moving along a curved trajectory electric field excite oscillations in the slots of the resonators of the magnetron. Electrical oscillations in the slots of the resonators of the magnetron form of electrons, the so-called "spokes" - the electron bunches pulled from the cathode to the anode. At the same time from the cathode to the anode thickness "spokes" decreases as the electron density increases. The energy of electrons in their curvilinear movement and their grouping in the so-called "spokes" turns into the energy of electromagnetic oscillations of the magnetron.

In the present invention to adjust the power of the magnetron is proposed to adjust the cathode current, for example divided into electric or thermal separate sections of any shape and size and any location on the cathode. Number of lots cathode, to which voltage is applied, is determined by the required power output.

This is shown in figure 1 and figure 2.

In the wiring diagram of the magnetron with an electric stations (figure 1) indicated the anode 1, the cathode 2 and the heater 3.

In the wiring diagram of the magnetron with the cathode of the direct heat (separate thermal parts of one whole cathode) (figure 2) indicated the anode 1, the heaters 3 and pin 4 is the combined output of the interconnected cathodes of the heaters and the heaters. While the cathodes of the various heaters are essentially one cathode, and it is fed one cathode voltage on pin 4 and heater areas of one cathode few, and they supplied the filament voltage on pins 3 and 4, creating a thermal land on the cathode, emitting electrons. The number of heaters of one cathode, at which voltage level is determined by the required power of the magnetron.

The difference between the first (electric parts) and the second (thermal areas) methods is that the first method is implemented to the highest possible performance power adjustment, but you want to switch very high voltage units and tens of kilovolts. In the second method, the performance is determined by the time of heating of the cathode, which in most cases is acceptable, but commuting accounts for the filament voltage, which is a maximum of a few volts, which is considerably more practical.

Based on the proposed method of the invention adjust the power of the magnetron is offered to the invention relating to the design of such cathode of the magnetron.

As is known [2, 3, 4], the cathodes are of two types : indirect and direct heat. The indirect heat of the cathode consists of a cathode and a separate cathode heater - this is called the cathode node. When the direct heat of the cathode is directly heated by passing through it a current of intensity, and it summed up the cathode voltage. At the cathode from the cathode flow current a voltage drop occurs to the shares and units of volts, which, however, is not terrible, as the anode voltage of the magnetron is the units and tens of kilovolts.

The cathode of the magnetron is typically a hollow cylinder tube, the ends of which is supplied to the filament voltage and one end - cathode voltage. Thus, the heaters and the power of the cathode are electrically connected. The convenience of such a cathode is that it quickly warmed up. This increases consumer appeal of the device, where mA is netron - in microwave ovens.

In the present invention (based on the proposed method for adjusting power of the magnetron) cathode doing direct heat from multiple identical rings with the incision (figure 5), located one above the other with a small gap, and in the sections of the ends of the tapes 6 rings (figure 5) withdrawn inside (bent at an angle up to 90° - figure 4), and attached to them the input voltage of 5.7 raised at the end of the resulting tube of the rings. On rings put emitting electrons layers in proportion to the power required. Ribbon rings are heaters and manufactured, for example, of tungsten in the form of a flat belt (figa, b). The sections of the rings combined, and with one side cut to rings fixed General input 5, and on the other hand, a separate inlets 7 for each ring. These entries can be bend in any plane and are output from the end face of the resulting cylinder of the rings. In total I 5 serves the total filament voltage and cathode voltage. On the other inputs 7 serves the filament voltage in accordance with the desired emission of electrons from the ring. Also inside the rings can accommodate elements, for example, in the form of thin rods, fixing the form of rings and their location in space. In addition, these inputs 5,7 hold rings and also determine their location in space. In the gaps and slits perhaps the size of the group of electrically insulating spacers.

The rods and the bushings are fixed in ceramics from the ends of the cylinder of the rings.

You can do without the common input 5 and replace it with enter type 7 at each end of the ring, bring the inputs 7 outside the vacuum side of the magnetron and there to make connections and switching.

It is possible to vistanaut of the high resistance of the foil workpiece, where the inputs are replaced by a foil material, and then to bend as needed replacement rods areas of the foil and cover them with a conductive current metal. It is possible to vistanaut from sheet stock all tapes rings immediately in the form of combs (Fig.7). It is possible to vistanaut General input 9, which is fixed, for example, by welding under pressure to a common input 5.

It is possible to accommodate General input 5 in the middle of the ring inside his covering tape ring and the gap at the exit of the tape on the circumference, (6) input 5 is connected by a connection 8 with the tape 6. Moreover, the gap in the place of fastening of the total input 5 can be at equal distances from the gap at the inputs 7 and at different distances from it.

For power control select the required number of rings (bands) and the filament current is served only on them, respectively, the electron emission occurs only with them. This is the place where all the tapes are connected to the common terminal, is the location of the input cathode voltage through this pin. Because tapes are dinasovymi, the filament current is flowing in them equally, and they are equally heated and equally capable of mitterbach electrons and the electron emission depends only on the size printed on the tape emitting layer or from its absence.

Emitting layer on the heater can be applied using a spray through a stencil. The durability of such a cathode is quite sufficient for microwave oven at least for 10 years. During this time there will be a natural process of aging household appliance, both physical and moral.

Can also be used as the electron emitter just tape heater of different width and thickness, down to the wire, without application of emitting electrons in the layer. Compared to printed on the tape heater of the oxide layer, emitting electrons at a temperature of about 1100°C, the issue with just the heater is extremely small and significant only at temperatures around 2000°C. Therefore, the use of just the heater as the cathode allows to increase the resolution capacity installation to tenths and even hundredths of a percentage of the full power of the magnetron.

The use of such a cathode is possible not only in magnetrons, but in the other microwave devices of the type M, for example, in amplifiers. This allows you to adjust their gain or stabilize the strengthening of the ri change with time of the emission of electrons. In addition, you can use the cathode and in devices of the type About, including on the other surface of the issue.

Known manufacturing karmadata of the rings [3, str], on the basis of such a cathode can accommodate rings similarly to the insulating gasket and supply to each individual ring cathode cathode voltage inside an insulating gasket between the rings and the heater.

Sources of information

1. Handbook on the basics of radar equipment. Edited Tin. Military publishing house of the Ministry of Defense, Moscow, 1967

2. Volkova Z.P., Hawtin V.M. "Materials electro-production, HP, Energy, Leningrad branch, 1980.

3. Evstigneev, S., Tkachenko A.A. "Cathodes and heaters vacuum devices", M., High school, 1975.

4. Antonov V.A., "Technology of the manufacture of electronic tubes and semiconductor devices", M., High school, 1979.

1. Magnetron with adjustable power, characterized in that its cathode is divided into electric or thermal separate sections of arbitrary shape, size or location on the cathode, which is connected to a voltage depending on the power required.

2. Magnetron with adjustable power according to claim 1, characterized in that the cathode doing direct heat of identical rings (perhaps from a tape) with a slit and caused the and rings emitting layer and have rings one above the other with a small gap, combining their sections; in cut rings make curved inside contacts of the material ring and attach to the inputs of an electrical voltage intensity, and with one hand typing make common to all rings and it serves the cathode voltage and the filament voltage, and on the other hand make separate inputs for voltage intensity separately for each ring; the ring through separate inlets serving the filament voltage depending on the need of the desired emission of electrons from the ring, and all entries bend in any form and remove them from the tube end, which form a ring.

3. Magnetron with adjustable power according to claim 2, characterized in that its cathode is made of rings, where the total I have in the middle of the ring slit equidistant from the incision rings, some rings without emitting the electron layer, and the rings are made of different diameters and sizes in cross section.