Method for determining position of a rifleman in an area

IPC classes for russian patent Method for determining position of a rifleman in an area (RU 2285272):

G01S5/18 - using ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic waves

G01S3/80 - using ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic waves

Another patents in same IPC classes:

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Adaptive seismic correlation object direction finder / 2248015

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Method for detecting underwater objects and device for realization of said method / 2271551

Method for determining distance to sound source / 2276383

Device for determining direction towards a source of sound / 2276795

Noise direction finder / 2284543

Method for determining position of a rifleman in an area / 2285272

In accordance to method, recording of sound signals is enabled in case of registration of impact waves from by-flying ultrasound bullet and barrel wave from expanding gases from barrel edge by sensitive elements, processing of these signals by means of processor, on basis of results of which position of sound source is determined. Method contains following innovations: sensitive elements are preliminarily fastened immovably relatively to optical axis of video recording device, synchronously with recording of sound signal by not less than 3 sensitive elements, recording of video image of possible position of sound source is performed by means of at least one video recording device, mounted with possible change of filming direction and position in space, during following processing of signals moment of arrival of barrel wave and frame from recorded video row, closest to aforementioned moment, are combined, and mark of rifleman position is placed on that frame. Recording of video image is performed in optical or infrasound or other range.

Method for using navigational hydro-acoustic system by underwater apparatuses with determining of position by difference between distances to leading underwater device and response beacons / 2285273

Method for using navigational hydro-acoustic system by underwater devices includes determining position of leading underwater device relatively to responder beacons on basis of distances to responder beacons, determined by measuring expansion times of acoustic signal from underwater device to responder beacons and back. Position of each following underwater device is determined on basis of difference of total distances from leading underwater device to each responder beacon and from each responder beacon to following underwater device and distance from leading underwater device to following underwater device, determined by measuring onboard the following underwater device of differences between moments of receipt of acoustics signals of request of responder beacons by leading underwater device and responses of responder beacons, and distance to leading underwater device and direction towards it, known onboard the following autonomous underwater device.

Mode of using by underwater vehicles of a hydro acoustic system with determination of the location by differences of distances to responder beacons / 2292057

Mode of using by underwater vehicles of a navigational hydro acoustic system is in simultaneous determination of the locations of all underwater vehicles of the group at inquiry by a hydro acoustic signal-command of one of the underwater vehicles of the group of (leading) responder beacons by one of the (driven) responder beacons. The location of each of underwater vehicles is determined by differences of distances to the leading responder beacon and to the drive responder beacon defined by measured intervals of time between reception of an acoustic signal of the request of the responder beacons by the leading responder beacon and acoustic signals of the response of the driven responder beacons. The location of the underwater vehicle is found as an intersection plot of hyperboloid of revolution whose number corresponds to the number of pairs of "leading-driven" responder beacons and focal points are located in installation plots of the corresponding responder beacons and the flatness passing through the center of the hydro acoustic antenna of the underwater vehicle transversely to the flatness of the true horizon.

Method for determining position of a rifleman in an area / 2285272

Mode of using by underwater vehicles of a hydro acoustic system with determination of the location by differences of distances to responder beacons / 2292057

Method for defining test object coordinates at explosion moment / 2339052

Method for defining test object (TO) coordinates at explosion moment involves air explosion wave (AEW) detection by explosion wave sensors (EWS) in at least three measurement points (MP) with geodetic tie to spatial coordinate system of test site (TS). At the TS at least one light receiver (LR) and equipment for undisturbed air parametre registration are installed. By LR signal flash moment accompanying TO explosion is registered, by EWS signals moments are registered when explosion wave reaches each MP, and actual energy discharge of explosion is registered. Obtained data are used in calculation of distance from explosion point to each MP with account of undisturbed air parametres and actual energy discharge of explosion. TO activation coordinates are defined by specified MP coordinates and distances from explosion point to each MP.

FIELD: measuring equipment engineering, in particular, technology for detecting position of an object using sound waves, in particular, for determining position of rifleman in an area.

SUBSTANCE: in accordance to method, recording of sound signals is enabled in case of registration of impact waves from by-flying ultrasound bullet and barrel wave from expanding gases from barrel edge by sensitive elements, processing of these signals by means of processor, on basis of results of which position of sound source is determined. Method contains following innovations: sensitive elements are preliminarily fastened immovably relatively to optical axis of video recording device, synchronously with recording of sound signal by not less than 3 sensitive elements, recording of video image of possible position of sound source is performed by means of at least one video recording device, mounted with possible change of filming direction and position in space, during following processing of signals moment of arrival of barrel wave and frame from recorded video row, closest to aforementioned moment, are combined, and mark of rifleman position is placed on that frame. Recording of video image is performed in optical or infrasound or other range.

EFFECT: improved safety, possible finding of direction towards position of an enemy, possible determining of distance to enemy by creating a method making it possible not only to determine direction towards sound source, but also to detect ("see") it.

2 cl, 6 dwg

The technical field

The invention relates to measurement techniques, in particular for determining the location of an object using sound waves, in particular the location of the arrow on the ground.

The level of technology

Currently, the methods for determining the trajectory of the supersonic artillery shell is fairly well developed. In less developed methods of direction finding firing positions snipers. Therefore, great attention is paid to developing methods for determining the location of the arrow on the ground and search engines sniper, which will find application in the law enforcement, army, etc.

There is a method of determining the trajectory of a supersonic projectile, described in the patent for the invention "Acoustic system "counter-sniper" [1], designed to detect motion of a supersonic projectile and including registration of shock waves and compression waves, at least two sensors with known mutual locations, the conversion of collected information into the information signal in the time series, these signals using a processor, which take into account the arrival time and amplitude components of the shock waves from each sensitive element, classify them as a possible component is in the blast, jump seals or neither, and, based on the ballistic coefficient of a supersonic projectile as a function of the amplitude of the voltage (Vp) and the slope of the wave N (V/T), derived from information about the time series, and the relative time of arrival of the shock seals judged on the intended trajectory of a supersonic projectile.

This method despite the complexity, the complexity and significant capital expenditures to create a system enables the registration of sound waves, the propagation moving with supersonic velocity of the object and determine its trajectory.

The disadvantages of the above method include the need for a systems orientation on the terrain and lack of access to sound image object.

Of optics it is known that the image quality depends on the wavelength. According to the Rayleigh criterion the images of two close luminous (incoherent) points can still be considered separate if the center of the diffraction spots corresponding to the same point, coincides with the first diffraction minimum of the second point. In accordance with the Rayleigh criterion, the smallest angular resolution δϕ between remote point sources, images which may be viewed as separate, equal to:

<> In General, geometrical optics is that the usual two-dimensional image can be obtained only if the diameter of the lens d≫λ. In this case, diffraction effects are negligible, and therefore we can neglect the wave nature of light. In acoustics, as a rule, we are dealing with relatively long waves. For example, a sound wave with a frequency of 1 KHz has a wavelength of about 34 see If you try to create some device with a resolution of 1°that would get the sound image using sound waves with a frequency of 1 KHz, then a simple calculation shows that the diameter of the acoustic lens or mirror should be about 24 meters. For this reason, the conventional method of constructing a sound image is almost impossible. Only for the ultrasound, which has a wavelength of less than 2 cm, currently have managed to create a device of appropriate sizes, forming a sound image. The disadvantage of ultrasound is that in a normal atmosphere ultrasonic waves decay at distances of the order of several tens of meters. In this regard, the ultrasound received basic application only in dense environments, such as water, where decays more slowly. Sound waves range 100-10000 Hz can be spread in the atmosphere over long distances, but because of the large wavelength difficult COI is lesofat like optical waves to produce images of the sound source. But these sound waves in most cases, are an integral part of the battle. The shots of the enemy, explosions, etc. are the source of these sounds that rarely come together. Even when shooting the interval between shots is about 0.1 seconds, which greatly exceeds the duration of the shot. In particular, low-frequency sound waves are already being used for direction finding firing positions in a number of foreign systems, such as "Pilar" (France) [2]. But these systems are usually quite bulky and require considerable time to deploy.

Therefore, it is tempting to use these sounds not only for direction finding firing positions snipers, but also to obtain their images.

In relation to this issue, if under the registration of shock waves and compression waves to understand the shock wave from flying supersonic bullet and muzzle waves from the expanding gases from the muzzle is pointing sensitive elements, then the method of determining the trajectory of a supersonic projectile, described in the patent for the invention "Acoustic system "counter-sniper" [1]), as the closest to the technical essence, you can choose as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the above method of the prototype should include its unacceptability to locate snai the EPA on the ground in motion and the inability to obtain a sound image of a moving object.

Disclosure of inventions

The technical result achieved by the invention, is to provide security features indicate the direction of finding the enemy, the distance to it by creating a method that allows not only to determine the direction of the sound source, but also to detect ("see").

This technical result in the invention is achieved in that in the method of positioning the arrow on the ground, including the recording of sound signals when registering shock waves from flying supersonic bullet and muzzle waves from the expanding gases from the muzzle is pointing sensors, the processing of these signals using the processor, the results of which are judged on the location of the sound source, it is new that pre-sensitive elements is fixed stationary relative to the optical axis of the video capture device synchronously with the recording of sound signals when registering shock waves is not less than 3 sensors, are recording video of the likely location of the sound source with by using at least one of the video capture device is installed with the possibility of changing the shooting direction and position in space, and during subsequent processing of signals combine time time coming up with the muzzle Yes wave and the next time at this point, the frame of the recorded video, and put a mark on the location of the arrow. Recording video is carried out in the optical or infrared or other range.

Synchronous recording of sound signals is not less than 3 sensors and video probable location of the sound source using one or more video recording devices installed with the possibility of changing the shooting direction and position in space, allows high accuracy to determine the location of the arrow on the ground.

Pre-fixed securing sensitive elements relative to the optical axis of the video capture device allows you to simplify the display of the location arrow on the ground.

Signal processing, which combine time when the muzzle of a wave and the next time at this point, the frame of the recorded video, and put a mark on the location of the arrow, contributes to the high accuracy of definition as the location of the arrow on the terrain and the distance to it.

Record video, implemented in optical, or infrared, or another range, allows you to define the location of the sound source on the ground without preliminary topographic binding.

When implementing this method, it is possible not only in order to determine the direction of the enemy, range up to him, but to "see" the sound sources on the battle field, including "see" a single sound source, such as a vehicle moving in the forest, the sound of its engine.

Furthermore, an additional advantage of the proposed method is the possibility of finding a direction to only one, the loudest sound source. In this formulation eliminates the need for separation of the two incoherent sound sources in space, as these sources are separated in time.

Additionally, if the image recording is conducted both in optical and in the infrared range, and the video data are written in the video buffer ring (duration not less than 2 seconds), you can see an infrared flash powder gases at the muzzle is pointing. For this you need to pull from videobuffer frame corresponding to the moment of the shot (t_shoton figure 2). To calculate the t_shotuse the recorded acoustic signals from the microphones after the detection of the shock wave. Next, an infrared flash is applied from videobuffer infrared range to the appropriate frame of videobuffer conventional optical range.

Brief description of drawings

In figures 1-6 shows the implementation of the proposed method of determining octopole is placed an arrow on the ground.

The figure 1 presents the General scheme of the device, where 1 - sensors (microphones), 2 - video device (camcorder)connected to the monitor 3 and through an analog-to-digital Converter with 4 CPU 5:

The figure 2 shows a diagram of signal processing, where 6 - shock wave - a sign of the beginning of the audio recording, 7 - muzzle wave, 8 - mark the position of the arrow.

The figure 3 shows the correlation peak, which is a two-dimensional surface features of the correlations between the channels of microphones when firing the rifle SVD (SVD sniper rifle) from a distance of 330 metres.

The figure 4 shows the location of the same shot (rifle SVD from a distance of 330 metres) in the form of a colored spot with brightness, changing depending on the magnitude of the amplitude.

The figure 5 shows an external view of the experimental device, where 1 microphones, 2 - camcorder or digital camera, 9 - absorbing screen.

The figure 6 illustrates the calculated firing positions shooters, superimposed on the video image.

The implementation of the invention

The method of positioning the arrow on the ground is implemented as follows. Sensitive elements of pre-fixed stationary relative to the optical axis of each video capture devices. Then, upon detection of shock waves is t flying supersonic bullet and muzzle waves from the expanding gases from the muzzle is pointing to record audio signals not less than 3 sensors and carry out the synchronous recording of video area the probable location of the sound source using one or more video recording devices installed with the possibility of changing the shooting direction and position in space. During subsequent processing of the signals combine at a time when the muzzle of a wave and the next time at this point, the frame of the recorded video, and put a mark on the location of the arrow. Moreover, the recording of the video image is carried out in the optical, or infrared, or another range.

The inventive method is implemented on the device represented in figure 1 and in the form of 4 sensors (microphones) 1 fixedly installed relative to the optical axis of each of the video capture device 2 placed with the possibility of changing the shooting direction and position in space and connected to the monitor 3 and through an analog-to-digital Converter 4 processor 5.

The inventive method of determining the location of the arrow on the ground as follows. Sensitive elements 1 pre-fixed stationary relative to the optical axis video capture devices 2, each of which is installed with the possibility of changing the shooting direction and position in space. Upon detection of the shock wave 6 synchronously with the recording of the sound signals using Ampl tudno-digital Converter 4 and CPU 5, registering the shock wave from flying supersonic bullet and muzzle wave 7 from the expanding gases from the muzzle is pointing not less than 3 sensitive elements 1, are recording video probable source location of the sound recording device 2. During subsequent processing of the signals combine at a time when the muzzle of a wave and the next time at this point, the frame of the recorded video, and put a mark on the location of the arrow 8.

The company made possible variant of the experimental device shown in figure 5. Assuming the speed of sound is known and from the point of view of improving the accuracy, it is more efficient to have all sensors (microphones) 1 in the same plane perpendicular to the optical axis video capture devices (video camera or digital camera) 2. In order to reduce the impact on the microphones of the reflected waves from the side and from behind, it is suggested to place before absorbing screen (for example, glass wool, foam or other absorbent material) 3. When the flat arrangement of the microphones 1 provides the highest accuracy measurements. The estimated size of the microphone antenna approximately 20-30 see If the size changes the direction of the sound source by 1 degree according to which there is change of arrival of the wave front at 0.6 cm, which is in good agreement with the sampling frequency. When the sampling frequency of 41 KHz per channel wave time between ticks to go 0.7 see Thus, we can assume that the device is capable of detecting the sound source with an accuracy of about 1 degree. In this connection it is expedient video also cover the grid with a step of 1 degree.

At the moment of detection muzzle waves produce video capture and still image put a label bound goals range. Therefore, the system can be used as a digital video camera and an infrared camera night vision. In addition, in order to consider the specified device the position of the arrow with high magnification, you can type in the second device telephoto video camera. Thus it is possible to provide a program that responds to movement.

In order to test the practical feasibility of the proposed method, the landfill was conducted the following experiment. Eight microphones were located on a flat base with a diameter of 35 cm, similarly to that depicted in figure 5. To simulate a video camera used digital camera, the optical axis of which coincides with the normal to the plane of the microphones.

Figure 3 shows a two-dimensional surface features of the correlations between what analy microphones 1 when firing the rifle SVD from a distance of 330 metres. The direction of arrival of sound waves is calculated by determining the maximum amount of interchannel correlations for 4-16 channels.

In figure 4 the same shot are depicted as colored spots, brightness, changing depending on the magnitude of the amplitude. Thus the brightness of the superimposed sound image depends on the size of the correlations (energy flow in this direction). The color at a given point depends on the frequency of the sound.

The accuracy of the positioning arrow on the areas defined on the device (figure 5) using a series of single shots. The scatter of the calculated point position arrow from shot to shot corresponds to a possible error. As can be seen from Fig.6, the scatter for 14 shots with two different firing positions amounted to no more than 0.5 degrees both vertically and horizontally. This result demonstrated the potentially high accuracy detection arrow on the ground.

With this background, we can say that the industrial applicability of the method for determining the location of the arrow on the ground no doubt. It can be used to search for snipers, for solving problems of security in the law enforcement, army, etc. When implementing the method, you can see the location of the different sound sources on the battlefield. It is possible as the device in which desapio, in addition to camcorders to use infrared equipment or a night vision device. The device for implementing the method can be quite compact. It does not require prior binding on the terrain, so it can be made operational in a short time. In principle the system can be created without a monitor in the form of binoculars (one of the focal planes can be located liquid-crystal lattice).

Literature

1. US No. 6178141, MKI: G 01 S and-5/80, publ. 23.01.2001,

2. www.metravib.fr.

1. The method of positioning the arrow on the ground, including the recording of sound signals at check-sensitive elements of shock waves from flying supersonic bullet and muzzle waves from the expanding gases from the muzzle is pointing, the processing of these signals using the processor, the results of which are judged on the location of the sound source, wherein the sensitive elements are pre-fixed stationary relative to the optical axis of one or more video recording devices, when registering shock waves from flying supersonic bullet and muzzle waves from the expanding gases from the muzzle is pointing synchronously with the recording of audio signals, not less than 3 sensors are recording video probable source location suokas by using one or more video recording devices, installed with the possibility of changing the shooting direction and position in space, and the subsequent processing of the signals combine at a time when the muzzle of a wave and the next time at this point, the frame of the recorded video, and put a mark on the location of the arrow.

2. The method of positioning the arrow on the terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that the recording of the video image is carried out in the optical or infrared range.