Method of combined open-cut and underground steeply pitching deposit development

FIELD: mining, particularly to develop mineral deposits formed by permafrost rock and column-shaped ore bodies.

SUBSTANCE: method involves cutting ore body by open-cut mining up to design mark reaching and by open-cut and underground mining up to underground mining mark reaching. During open-cut mining ore body is exposed by inner and outer haulage bench system. During open-cut mining ore is cut by underground excavations in combination with haulage benches. Open-cut works during open-cut mining are carried out with lag interval in vertical direction from underground work equal to not less than working ledge height. Ore located in central ore body part is cut in layers in several steps by blasting down-holes. Ore located in formation-screened ore body part is cut by ascending ring bores drilled from underground excavations. To perform open-cut and underground development recovering excavation is formed in formation-screened ore body part in working pit zone by blasting ring bores drilled from underground excavations. The recovering excavation is expanded in proportion to opened mine work descending by blasting vertical wells at each working step so that subdrilling depth is not less than 1/3 of working step height.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of mine works during ore body cutting below design pit bottom mark.

1 tbl, 11 dwg

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used for the development of mineral deposits of rock permafrost rocks and ores mainly tube-like and columnar forms.

Known integrated open-pit and underground mining method, developed by the Institute for scientific station, consisting in the development of the field at a depth of three tiers, while the Deposit is being mined by open method to the design elevation of conduct surface mining - H₀; from design level of surface mining to mark the start of underground mining operations - H_0-pproject marked the start of underground mining - H_p; opening all horizons career at the open development method is implemented by a system of trenches external and internal underlay, open-pit and underground development below the design elevation of surface mining shafts in combination with a horizontal underground workings; the breaking of ore within the conduct open-pit and underground operations performed without separation of the pit one high ledge within 100 meters or more system downstream of blastholes drilled from the bottom of the pit and ascending drilled from underground workings; collapsed ore from zone open-pit and underground works through a system of exhaust openings on the SHS will on underground haulage level, where with the help of vibratory feeders are loaded into transport vessels [Agoshkov M.I., Terent'ev V.I., Kasikeu D.M. and other Complex open-pit and underground way to develop powerful ore deposits. In kN. Main directions of development of open-pit and underground method of field development. Rotoprint scientific station of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. 1987. - P.4-16].

The disadvantages of this open-pit and underground fashion design are the low efficiency of mining operations associated with restriction of performance of traffic flows on the ventilation conditions and the capacity of the underground workings, as well as increased risk of drilling and blasting operations near the redeemed of the pit.

Closest to the claimed invention to the technical essence is a method open-pit and underground mining for polegada bedded deposits with the angle of incidence of not more than 50°, namely, that on the horizon of the planned bottom of the quarry provides a chamber recess, the parameters which provide the collapse of the overlying rocks to the surface. As a result of ore in the zone of collapse of the funnel is formed adjacent to the wall collapse, which is a reliable protection against spreading of possible delaminations rocks from the wall collapse, which ensures safe operation of quarry equipment cleaning clicks the Chenin breeds in the working area of the quarry [Demidov J.V. Integrated open-pit and underground mining of ore at the development of powerful sloping deposits. Mining information and analytical Bulletin, 2002, No. 10, - s-178].

The disadvantage of this open-underground method of mining is not a high efficiency of mining operations at the time of finalisation of the field, due to the complexity of the management process of collapse in order to secure the receiving funnel collapse to the surface in permafrost and the limited size of a career in plan with steep pillar-like metallic body.

The technical result of the invention is to improve the efficiency of mining operations in the finalization of the ore body below the design elevation of the bottom of the quarry.

The technical result is achieved in that in the method of the combined open-pit and underground development steeply dipping deposits, including the ore body by open method to the design elevation, open-pit and underground way from the design elevation of the quarry to mark the start of underground mining operations, with the opening of the ore body in open cut mining are the transport system of berms external and internal laying, when opened, an underground method of mining, carry out underground mining works in conjunction with the transport berms, and in the working area of the quarry at about the indoor-underground method of mining form catching production, open pit mining in open-pit and underground method of mining is conducted with an interval of lag vertically from underground mining is not less than the height of a work bench, and the breaking of ore in the Central part of the ore body exercise in layers ledges blowing down blastholes, the contact of the ore body ore blasting is performed by the system of the ascending fan of wells drilled from underground mine workings with the formation of catching develop and catching production as lowering of surface mining expand by presenting each work bench vertical wells with depth of perebor at least 1/3 the depth of the ledge.

For full disclosure of technical nature and advantages of the claimed invention with reference to the deposits of kimberlite pipes located in the zone of continuous permafrost in the harsh climatic conditions of Yakutia, an example of modification of the field presented in figure 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Figure 1 shows the plan of a career spent in the form to the design elevation (290 m) - mark the beginning of open-pit and underground mining operations.

Figure 2 shows the plan of the quarry at the time of reaching the combined open-pit and underground mining project level, i.e. the end of mining in the so-called transition the zone H _0-p.

Figure 3 in the section presents the position of the open-pit and underground mining operations at the time of their completion and the opening of the contact part of the orebody underground workings in the transition zone, i.e. between the design elevation of surface mining and marked the start of underground mining operations.

Figure 4 is a diagram of the development of open pit and underground mining in the transition zone, i.e. between the design elevation of surface mining and marked the start of underground mining operations.

Figure 5 shows the sequence of doing boring work and expansion of safety production from the underground workings and working with horizons of surface mining.

Refer to figure 1-5

1 - transport berm external inception;

2 - transport berm internal underlay;

3, 4, 5 - underground mining - tunnel, sloping congresses, ventilation hole, respectively;

6 - ring species drift;

7 - design and stamp of surface mining (-290 m);

8 - Board of career;

9 - Central part of the ore body at the junction open-pit and underground mining to underground mining works;

10 - the contact portion of the ore body;

11 - loop steeply transport berm;

12 is a transshipment point on the horizon (-290 m);

13 - temporary ore stockpile on the horizon (-290 m);

14 - the RT check-in;

15 is a transshipment point on the horizon (-170 m);

16 - suppressed Board career in the transition zone of surface mining to open-pit and underground mining operations;

17 - catching production;

18 - repulsed ore zone underground development of the contact part of the ore body;

19 - repulsed ore in the area of open development of the Central part of the ore body;

20 - slaughter of the working horizon;

21 - temporary steeply Congress in the area of conducting surface mining;

22 is a front surface mining in the Central part of the ore body;

23 - descending blastholes;

24 vertical wells for expansion catching production;

25 is inclined wells for expansion catching production;

26 - ascending fan of the well.

27 is an annular ore drift;

28 - working benches.

The proposed method involves the mining operations to the design 7 marks (-290 m) open (figure 1) and below the design elevation of 7 surface mining (-290 m) (figure 2, 3, 4, 5) simultaneously in two ways: in the Central part 9 of the ore body by open method, and the contact part 10 of the ore body - underground method.

Kimberlite pipe to project 7 marks (-290 m) to a depth of H₀=600 m is developed in an open way (figure 1). The opening of the ore body by the transport berms external 1i 2 internal laying. The breaking of ore and rocks are ledges, layers, blasting down-hole depth of 16-17 m drilled with work benches (height work bench - 15 m outside ledge - 45 m). Smitten the rock mass using excavators EKG-12.5 and front-end loaders "Letorn 1100" loaded on dump trucks of high output Cat 785C and transport berms 2 is thrown to the surface, overburden placed in the waste rock dumps.

To improve the efficiency improvements of the ore body below the design elevation of 7 surface mining and to mark the start of underground mining operations is allocated to the so-called transition zone with a mark (-290 m) to the point (-380 m), where the mining operations are combined open-pit and underground methods (figure 2, 3, 4, 5).

In the transition zone opening of the Central part 9 of the ore body is a loop steeply transport berms 11, which build up from the horizon (-290 m) on the horizon (-380 m) with a slope of not more than 20°total length of 250 m, are placed alongside transshipment site 12, located on the horizon (-290 m). Ore blasting at offset steeply transport berms 11 are staggered layers drilling and blasting method. Repulsed ore is loaded with front-end loaders into trucks with articulated and is issued by a steeply transport Tim berms 11 transshipment platform 12, reloaded into the dump trucks and delivered by transport berms 2 internal and 1 external laying surface. The development of the front 22 of mining in the Central part 9 of the ore body is made after opening the horizon (-350 m) temporary steeply inclined exit 21.

Blasting ore mining in the Central part 9 of the ore body is produced by layer-by-layer blasting working ledges 28 height 15 m using descending blast holes 23 drilled SBSH 250MN. Transportation of broken ore 19 are two modes of transport. With lower business horizons (-335 m) and (-350 m) temporary steeply to exit 21, loop steeply transport berm 11 and before the temporary ore warehouse 13 posted on handling area 12 (the horizon (-290 m)), the ore is transported by special vehicles for transportation of ore on steep climbs (for example, dump trucks articulated dump truck or crawler-tractor transport). With temporary warehouse 13 transportation of ore is career dump-9 (CAT 785C), with capacity of 135 tons transport berms 2 internal and 1 external laid before processing factory or warehouse ore on the surface of the career. Loading of ore in the bottom 20 business horizons (-335 m) and (-350 m), and the temporary ore warehouse 13 is a front for what RUSTICAE "Letorn 1100".

In order to ensure the continuity of mining operations during the transition from the zone of surface mining in the area combined open-pit and underground mine development and to ensure the opening of the contact part 10 of the ore body (figure 2, 3) in parallel with the conduct of surface mining on Board 8 career with horizon (-170 m) to horizons (-305÷-380 m) is the penetration opening of the underground workings: gallery 3, the inclined exit 4, and the surface with elevation. (+310 m) is the drilling of a vertical ventilation hole 5 in diameter sinking of 3.5 m is Also sinking breed ring drifts 6, the annular ore drifts 27 and vectors races 14 (figure 4). Excavation of underground openings is carried out by drilling and blasting slaughter workings electric and fender wells (holes). Smitten the rock mass by means of underground loader is loaded on the underground dump trucks "Atlas Copco" MT 2000 and removed through the underground workings 14, 27, 6, 4, 3 transshipment point 15. Then the rock mass is overloaded quarry dump trucks and transport berms inner 2 and outer 1 laying transported to the surface. Mount horizontal 3, 6, 27, 14 and inclined 4 underground mines produced using a metal arch support. The vent hole 5 is not fixed.

The breaking of ore in contact hours and 10 ore body (figure 4) conduct drilling and blasting method. To do this, the annular ore drift 27 Buryats fan ascending wells 26, the length of which ranges from 2 to 13 m, the distance between each hole fans is 2-3 m, the number of rows fans wells 26 is 3-4 (i.e. the parameters of the radial wells 26 are determined by the design contour of the shattered land). After the explosion fan of wells 26 around the perimeter of the contact of the ore body and the surrounding rocks (between horizons (-350 m) and (-335 m) - mark the conduct of surface mining) is formed catching generation 17 filled with fragmented ore 18.

Repulsed ore 18 from catching 17 production, falling under its own weight, fills the annular ore passage 27 and partially ORT check-in 14, where an underground loading equipment is delivered to the ring the rock the passage 6 and is loaded in the underground dump trucks "Atlas Copco" MT 2000. Next ore in breed ring gate 6, an inclined exit 4, the adit 3 is delivered to reloading career point 15 located at 120 m above the design elevation of the end surface mining (figure 3, horizon (-170 m)). With transshipment point 15 ore quarry transport is given to the surface. Thus, 90-85% of broken ore from catching volume production 17 is removed.

To ensure at least the lower surface mining opportunities timely education ulavlivayut 17 open pit mining are in relation to underground mining operations with interval lag vertically not less than the height of a work bench 28.

At the approach of surface mining to capture development 17 on the horizon (-305 m) carry out work on its extension to the underlying aquifer (-320 m) to the required width of 15 m (sequence of expansion catching develop as lowering of surface mining are shown in figure 5). To do this, at a distance of 5 m from the contour detecting generation 17 Sabouraud vertical bore 24 to a depth of 20 m, i.e. pereboom 1/3 the depth of the ledge 28. The depth of the wells 24 provides sufficient margin expansion catching generation 17. When a failover horizon (-320 m) vertical wells 24 are drilling at a distance of 3 m from the detecting circuit 17 production and additionally Buryats inclined bore 25, as when performing this work ledge 28, the distance between the vertical wells 24 and circuit unexpanded part of the arresting production 17 is 8 m, which exceeds the line of least resistance of the shattered rocks. The required width catching generation 17 on the lower horizon (-335 m) will be equal to 18 m

Work on the creation of catching generation 17 and its extension to the underlying horizons similar to the above. When a failover horizons (-320 m) and (-350 m) vertical wells 24 and inclined wells 25 Sabouraud at a distance of 3 m from the contour detecting vyrabotki is 17, the depth of drilling vertical wells 24 is 20 m, inclined wells 25 are drilling through the horizon. Width catching 17 production during mining horizons (-305 m; -320 m; -335 m; -350 m; -365 m; -380 m) on the working ledges 28 is respectively equal to 10; 15; 18; 20; 23 and 26 meters

The required total width catching generation 17 is determined from the values of the distance of fall of stones with suppressed side 16 career taking into account the technical reserve safety rules

W_b=l_pad+l_Zap,

where l_pad- the range of the falling stones with suppressed side 16, m;

l_Zaptechnical stock width catching generation 17, 1_Zap=1÷2 m

Open pit mining is conducted at a safe distance from the quenched sides 16 of the quarry, which is determined by the total required width of catching generation 17 on its upper contour W_b(figure 2).

The results of the calculation of the required width of the open-catching generate 17 established taking into account the range of falling stones with suppressed side 16 career according to the "Interim guidance on the management of pit slope stability in metallurgy [4], are summarized in table 1.

Creates catching generation 17 along the side 16 of the quarry sites, the length of which should be equal to the length of the excavation block (L_b=50÷100 m), within which is 4 to 8 explosions series of ascending fan of wells 26.

The depth of catching generation 17 with regard to leaving part of the broken ore 18 as a soft "cushion" is 11-12 m In depth and a minimum width of 10 m, catching output 17 can take up to 800-850 m³talus and wood thrown on the site with a length of 10 meters Such capacity catching generation 17 will be able to ensure the safety of surface mining with high enough probability.

Thus, a combined open-pit and underground method comprising the formation of catching generation to collect rocks and wood thrown with quenched boards is arera, can be effective refining of the ore body between the project mark the end surface mining and marked the start of underground mining operations.

The method of combined open-pit and underground development steeply dipping deposits, including the ore body by open method to the design elevation, open-pit and underground way to mark the start of underground mining operations, with the opening of the ore body in open cut mining are the transport system of berms external and internal laying, when opened, an underground method of mining, carry out underground mining works in conjunction with the transport berms, and in the working area of the quarry in open-pit and underground method of mining form catching production, characterized in that, when opened, an underground method of mining, open pit mining is carried out with intervals of lag vertically from the underground mining is not less than the height of a work bench, and the breaking of ore in the Central part of the ore body exercise in layers ledges blowing down blastholes, the contact of the ore body ore blasting is performed by the system of the ascending fan of wells drilled from underground mine workings with the formation of catching generation, while catching production as poniz is of surface mining expand by presenting each work bench vertical wells with depth of perebor at least 1/3 the depth of the ledge.