Method of forest assessment on drainage lands
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Method of forming guard zones of aerial electric lines / 2253224 Method involves during laying out of novel aerial electric lines or clearing of cut-through of existing aerial electric lines, providing clearing works or forest isolating cut-through works on forest border adjoining thereto; carrying out reforming cuttings while changing spatial structure of plantations and enhancing suppressing effect of undergrowth to provide for inhibiting of growth of principal kinds of forest woods; organizing short-stemmed systems on borders adjoining to cut-through areas by cutting rotation, during which forest stand is felled at age not exceeding undergrowth rehabilitation maturity age. Because of short cutting rotations, forest in short-stemmed systems does not reach height hazardous for normal employment of aerial electric lines. |
 Pendulum-type brush cutter / 2251836Brush cutter has base tractor, suspension frame adapted to be hung onto suspension system, telescopic boom with telescope extendable by means of hydraulic cylinder, and working tool formed as circular saw fixed at telescope end. Pivotal attachment of telescopic boom to frame allows pendulum motions to be provided by means of hydraulic cylinder and two levers. Circular sawing working tool is driven by power shaft through telescopic cardan gear, reducer and belt transmission including belt with pulleys. Upon retraction of hydraulic cylinder of telescopic device, constant stretching of belt is provided through stretching device made in the form of levers with stretching rollers at their ends, pushers connected to hydraulic cylinder, and slides movable on levers. Brush cutter is further equipped with two independent systems for supplying of arboricide mixture to cutting zone. First system includes pushing bar formed hollow for feeding said mixture therein through feeding line. Pushing bar is pivotally secured on frame and is equipped with spring. Valves including pushers, plates, return springs and nozzles are mounted inside pushing bar, which is adapted for supplying said mixture onto stumps of cut plants. Discharge channels and through openings arranged in the vicinity of saw teeth are made in circular saw for transportation of said mixture to cutting zone (to plant stumps). Second independent system for supplying of arboricide mixture provides transportation thereof via line through rotating connection, bore in shaft and transportation channels in saw to nozzles. Said system has valve including body and internal stem connected with pushing bar, piston and return springy members. Second system serves to feed said mixture onto stumps under the action of cut trunk upon pushing bar, and to continuously and uniformly supply said mixture onto area cleared from brushes owing to permanent switching on of said apparatus by filling space A above piston via line with working fluid of tractor hydraulic system. |
 Mode of testing wood samples / 2251104For testing they make with the help of a bore samples of cylindrical form of larger diameter then the largest transverse size of standard samples of rectangle form which are prepared from cylindrical samples and with the length of o less then the length of standard samples. |
 Method for mechanized strip clearing of felling area for forest crops / 2250600Method involves dividing felled area into strips to be cleared and spaces between strips not to be subjected to clearing; gathering felling residue by means of brush rake movable on cleared strips and shifting felling residue onto spaces between strips by alternatively turning to the right and to the left to thereby form felling residue piles; after clearing strips on the entire felling area, burning felling residue; grubbing out stumps from cleared strips by means of grubber-collector, which moves grubbed stumps to felling residue burnt piles; leaving the latter for decaying. |
 Method of processing and cutting trees into sections by means of felling-bunching machine / 2250599Method involves processing tree by initially cutting branches from the bottom to the top of tree over trunk up to crown part; upon removal of crown part, leaving trunk for several months to provide for natural drying of tree trunk. Method allows versatility of felling-bunching machine with gripping-and-cutting boom to be increased and operational capabilities of machine to be widened owing to adaptation to different kinds of tree and stand care processes. It means that single machine may be used for tree clear or selection felling processes, as well as for caring of crown of individual trees. Method may be effectively used for caring of trees in parks, gardens and preservation plots by means of existing felling-bundling machines furnished with small-sized gripping-cutting booms having maximal predetermined weight and load capacity. |
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Method for repeated removal of light stocking from basin beds / 2250598 Method involves cutting light stocking and bunching bundles; skidding said bundles onto floating base by means of cable, with bush cutter continuously moving and upper pulley being mounted on bush cutter and winch being positioned on floating base. Cutting and bunching procedures are provided while floating base continuously moves. |
 Method for managing of technological network of forest area for machined cleaning felling process / 2249942Method involves creating permanent technological network based on process corridors and loading stations system, where swath pockets adjoin main pockets along arc or circle equal to radius of turning of logging unit loaded with wood, with the exception of blunt angles exceeding 120 deg. |
 Harvesting machine / 2248117Harvesting machine has self-propelled chassis carrying sawing mechanism, mechanism for pushing tree from stump, gripping-and-feeding device and bunking device. Gripping-and-feeding device is positioned over the entire width of frame front part of harvesting machine of inclined longitudinal chain conveyor equipped with spring-loaded sickle-shaped grips movable along guides curved in vertical plane. Centering rollers provided with projections and helical thread are mounted on poles of bunking device, said poles being controlled by means of hydraulic cylinders. Bunking device is mounted on pole trailer. Upper ends of paired grips are interconnected by means of cables to provide for embracing of tree with looped cable and of clamp with grips during falling of tree onto conveyor. |
 Method of testing wood / 2247985Method comprises measuring variations of pulse loading of the conical head during its penetration into the wood in radial direction. The wood quality can be judged by relative force pulse duration. |
 Method for testing of woody plants / 2247489Method involves providing penetration into wood of young tree and vegetative parts thereof or young branches and tree roots by means of spring-loaded rod with flat end surface by repeatedly applying permanent force thereto; upon each action in the form of strike, measuring increase in depth of penetration of rod; judging properties of woody plant by number of strikes sufficient for penetration of rod to predetermined depth. Tests are performed during growing period and properties of woody plant are evaluated on the basis of set of measurements taken in the course of season growing and development of woody plant. Method may be used for process monitoring in the course of growth and development of forest plantations. |
 Method for analyzing stem base part of growing tree / 2254707Method involves providing lengthwise and crosswise measurement of trunk in sections by means of flexible measuring tape; measuring perimeter of trunk section transverse to trunk length by means of flexible measuring tape; on even portions of stem base part of growing tree, measuring perimeter of section by means of measuring tape at distance of 0.5 m from root collar to height of 2.5-3.0 m. Method may be used for analyzing single growing trees, for example, trees growing in forest strips. |
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Method of forming guard zones of aerial electric lines / 2253224 Method involves during laying out of novel aerial electric lines or clearing of cut-through of existing aerial electric lines, providing clearing works or forest isolating cut-through works on forest border adjoining thereto; carrying out reforming cuttings while changing spatial structure of plantations and enhancing suppressing effect of undergrowth to provide for inhibiting of growth of principal kinds of forest woods; organizing short-stemmed systems on borders adjoining to cut-through areas by cutting rotation, during which forest stand is felled at age not exceeding undergrowth rehabilitation maturity age. Because of short cutting rotations, forest in short-stemmed systems does not reach height hazardous for normal employment of aerial electric lines. |
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Method of forming guard zones of aerial electric lines / 2253224 Method involves during laying out of novel aerial electric lines or clearing of cut-through of existing aerial electric lines, providing clearing works or forest isolating cut-through works on forest border adjoining thereto; carrying out reforming cuttings while changing spatial structure of plantations and enhancing suppressing effect of undergrowth to provide for inhibiting of growth of principal kinds of forest woods; organizing short-stemmed systems on borders adjoining to cut-through areas by cutting rotation, during which forest stand is felled at age not exceeding undergrowth rehabilitation maturity age. Because of short cutting rotations, forest in short-stemmed systems does not reach height hazardous for normal employment of aerial electric lines. |
 Working tool for brush cutter / 2251837Working tool has two saw blades arranged parallel to one another and rigidly joined with one another so that their saw teeth cuts mate with one another, said cuts being symmetrically formed in body of each disk for defining channels for transportation of arboricide mixture. Disks are positioned between upper and lower flanges tightened with one another by means of bolted connections, are mounted on drive shaft and tightened by means of fixing nut. Arboricide mixture supply openings are formed in upper saw disk 1 for supplying of said mixture into mixture transportation channels. Housing is secured by means of bolted connection through sealing gasket to upper saw disk. Space formed between housing and flange is adapted for filling with arboricide mixture. Discharge openings are arranged in the vicinity of lower saw disk teeth. Discharge valves mounted in said openings have closing member made in the form of spherical or elliptical member secured by means of screw on springy plate adapted for preventing longitudinal and transverse displacement of closing member 14 relative to discharge opening. Liquid and air lines are connected with arboricide mixture vessel for supplying of arboricide mixture from vessel and cutting-off delivery of said mixture. Working tool may be inclined for supplying of arboricide mixture onto stumps of plants remained on slopes of various constructions such as channels, roads etc. |
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Pendulum-type brush cutter / 2251836 Brush cutter has base tractor, suspension frame adapted to be hung onto suspension system, telescopic boom with telescope extendable by means of hydraulic cylinder, and working tool formed as circular saw fixed at telescope end. Pivotal attachment of telescopic boom to frame allows pendulum motions to be provided by means of hydraulic cylinder and two levers. Circular sawing working tool is driven by power shaft through telescopic cardan gear, reducer and belt transmission including belt with pulleys. Upon retraction of hydraulic cylinder of telescopic device, constant stretching of belt is provided through stretching device made in the form of levers with stretching rollers at their ends, pushers connected to hydraulic cylinder, and slides movable on levers. Brush cutter is further equipped with two independent systems for supplying of arboricide mixture to cutting zone. First system includes pushing bar formed hollow for feeding said mixture therein through feeding line. Pushing bar is pivotally secured on frame and is equipped with spring. Valves including pushers, plates, return springs and nozzles are mounted inside pushing bar, which is adapted for supplying said mixture onto stumps of cut plants. Discharge channels and through openings arranged in the vicinity of saw teeth are made in circular saw for transportation of said mixture to cutting zone (to plant stumps). Second independent system for supplying of arboricide mixture provides transportation thereof via line through rotating connection, bore in shaft and transportation channels in saw to nozzles. Said system has valve including body and internal stem connected with pushing bar, piston and return springy members. Second system serves to feed said mixture onto stumps under the action of cut trunk upon pushing bar, and to continuously and uniformly supply said mixture onto area cleared from brushes owing to permanent switching on of said apparatus by filling space A above piston via line with working fluid of tractor hydraulic system. |
 Manipulator of machine for trimming trees / 2251479Machine includes boom and multi-link telescopic handle with jointly coupled truss that is jointly secured to boom. Each two-link mechanism of said truss except last one is provided with additional link. Additional links are mounted in parallel relative to second link of two-link mechanism and they are joined with first rotary link of adjacent two-link mechanism for forming pantograph. Tie rod is jointly secured to bearing section of telescopic handle; said tie rod is jointly secured to boom through link of rigid triangle. Apex opposite to said link of rigid triangle through lever is jointly secured to platform of machine. In order to vertically move working organ, hinges of supports are mounted on platform of machine at mutual shifting by angle α. |
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Mode of testing wood samples / 2251104 For testing they make with the help of a bore samples of cylindrical form of larger diameter then the largest transverse size of standard samples of rectangle form which are prepared from cylindrical samples and with the length of o less then the length of standard samples. |
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Method for mechanized strip clearing of felling area for forest crops / 2250600 Method involves dividing felled area into strips to be cleared and spaces between strips not to be subjected to clearing; gathering felling residue by means of brush rake movable on cleared strips and shifting felling residue onto spaces between strips by alternatively turning to the right and to the left to thereby form felling residue piles; after clearing strips on the entire felling area, burning felling residue; grubbing out stumps from cleared strips by means of grubber-collector, which moves grubbed stumps to felling residue burnt piles; leaving the latter for decaying. |
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Method for mechanized strip clearing of felling area for forest crops / 2250600 Method involves dividing felled area into strips to be cleared and spaces between strips not to be subjected to clearing; gathering felling residue by means of brush rake movable on cleared strips and shifting felling residue onto spaces between strips by alternatively turning to the right and to the left to thereby form felling residue piles; after clearing strips on the entire felling area, burning felling residue; grubbing out stumps from cleared strips by means of grubber-collector, which moves grubbed stumps to felling residue burnt piles; leaving the latter for decaying. |
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Method of processing and cutting trees into sections by means of felling-bunching machine / 2250599 Method involves processing tree by initially cutting branches from the bottom to the top of tree over trunk up to crown part; upon removal of crown part, leaving trunk for several months to provide for natural drying of tree trunk. Method allows versatility of felling-bunching machine with gripping-and-cutting boom to be increased and operational capabilities of machine to be widened owing to adaptation to different kinds of tree and stand care processes. It means that single machine may be used for tree clear or selection felling processes, as well as for caring of crown of individual trees. Method may be effectively used for caring of trees in parks, gardens and preservation plots by means of existing felling-bundling machines furnished with small-sized gripping-cutting booms having maximal predetermined weight and load capacity. |
 Slewing circle of logger manipulator / 2243650Invention relates to manipulator-type loggers, namely, to their slewing circles. In proposed slewing circuit with inclined design leveling device turntable is mounted on frame of self-propelled chassis for tilting forward and backward under action of hydraulic cylinders which are installed in X-like manner, viewing from side, and are hinge-connected to leveling device. Front and rear surfaces of leveling device in contact with frame are made to the same radius of turning as inner surfaces of frame. Stops are rigidly installed on upper surface of frame before and after leveling device. Rear surface of front stop and front surface of rear stop form angles of 90o plus angle of tilting of leveling device with upper horizontal surface of frame. Proposed design of slewing circle makes it possible to tilt turntable forward and backward, and X-shape arrangement of hydraulic cylinders provides reduction of height of device and contact of leveling device and frame over surface improves reliability. |
FIELD: forestry.
SUBSTANCE: method involves forming areas along drainage channel traces and in mid portions between said traces, with width of areas along drainage channel traces making 0.4-0.6 the distance between drainage channel traces; laying out area borders, with drainage channel traces being taken into account.
EFFECT: reduced labor intensity for forest assessment owing to simplified forming of areas between drainage channel traces.
1 dwg
The present invention relates to the field of forestry, and specifically to methods of valuation of forests on drained lands.
There are several known methods of forest inventory.
Known method of forest inventory, which includes the allocation of plots and the definition of taxation indicators (Anuchin I.E. Forest valuation. A textbook for students of forestry and forest engineering specialties. Ed 5-E. M.: Forest industry, 1982, str-290).
Known valuation method of valuation of forests, including the allocation of forest plots and defining thereon valuation metrics forests (Npending. The forest inventory. M.: Ecology, 1991, p.30-31).
The disadvantage of known methods is the complexity of valuation due to the cost of labour on the land.
The closest target and the technological nature of the proposed technical solution is the way forest inventory, including the allocation of homogeneous soil and soil conditions of forest areas and separate definition for them mensurational parameters. (Instructions for conducting forest management in the forest Fund of Russia. Part 1. Organization of forest management. The field work. M: the Federal forestry service of Russia. - 1995, pp.52-56).
The disadvantage of this method of valuation is the complexity of allotments on drained lands, as th is Clennam drainage channels, where soil and groundwater conditions change significantly in squares.
The aim of the invention is to reduce the complexity of forest works by reducing labor costs allocation of homogeneous regions for drained forest lands.
This goal is achieved by the fact that some areas, the width of which is 0.4 to 0.6 of the distance between the slopes of the channels that secrete along these trails, and other areas emit in the middle parts between them.
This set of essential features sufficient, and each of them is necessary to achieve the objectives of the invention.
The proposed technical solution is characterized by the following combination of characteristics:
1. The allocation of homogeneous soil and soil conditions of forest areas;
2. Separate determination on selected areas of forest indicators forest;
3. Highlighted some areas, the width of which is 0.4 to 0.6 of the distance between the slopes, drainage channels, along these trails, and other areas emit in the middle parts between them.
The allocation of homogeneous soil and groundwater conditions section provides equality of taxation indicators of forest within the site. Definition of taxation indicators provides data on forest productivity and wood quality.
On drained open channels lands p is conno-ground conditions change significantly by area. This is due to the peculiarity of the drainage channels. The intensity of the drainage near and along the channels is substantially higher than in the middle part between them. Here are formed more favorable conditions for the growth of forest plantations than in the middle part between the slopes of the channels.
A distinctive feature allows you to select homogeneous areas, focusing along the channels, which are shown on the plans and are clearly visible on the ground.
If the width of the areas to be allocated along the canals more than 0.6 of the distance between them decreases the accuracy of the valuation indicators.
These sites falls forest growing in conditions less favorable than on a dedicated picaninny sites.
If the width of the areas to be allocated along the canals, less than 0.4 of the distance between them decreases the accuracy of the valuation indicators of the forest growing on the plots in the middle part between the channels. These sites falls forest growing in conditions more favourable than at sites in the middle part between the channels.
The influence of drainage on forest appears after 15-18 years since the construction of the drainage network. Therefore, the proposed method is rational to apply to forest lands drained for at least 15 years.
The proposed method of taxation explains the drawing.
The drawing shows a plan osushitel the th network and allocated sites. In transporting the collector 1 into the drying channel 2. Along along drainage channels with 2 borders 3 highlight areas 4 width B1. In the middle part between the slopes, drainage channels 2 allocate plots 5. The distance between the slopes, drainage channels is C.
The width of sections 4 (B1is not less than 0.4-0.6 from Century
An example implementation of the method. Forest land area of 400 hectares drain channels. The distance between the slopes, drainage channels is 100 meters Drainage system is valid for 20 years. Soil - fen peatlands underlain by loam. The composition of plantations SEB, age class for coniferous 3. The average length of the channels 1000 meters Emit along the slopes of the channel sections of a width of 50 m On the ground on the left and right side from the axis of the track channels measure 25 m and establish benchmarks. Reference points mark the boundaries of the allocated along the slopes of the channels plots and in the middle part between them. Labor costs on land amounted to 0.9 per hectare Determine the valuation indicators of forest at selected sites. The quality class of plantations on sites along the routes of channels is 2, the degree of density of 0.8 to 0.9, timber - 210 m3/ha.
The site stands at selected sites in the middle part between the slopes of the channels is 3rd class, completeness us is calling - 0,7, timber -140 m3/ha.
On drained array has conducted the valuation of the forest by a known method prototype. Were selected homogeneous areas that the plan covered highway and psicanalise zones and zones in the middle part between the channels.
Labor costs on the selection of areas was 1.8 per hour/ha
In route and pricesales zone creditworthiness plantings 2nd class degree of density to 0.9, timber - 212 m3/ha Yield of plantations in areas of the middle part between the channels - 3rd class degree of density is 0.7, timber - 135 m3/ha.
The proposed method of valuation in comparison with the method of the prototype reduces the labor costs twice by reducing labor costs allocation of homogeneous regions. Valuation indicators forest when implementing the proposed method and the prototype method is not materially different.
On drained land assessed the influence of magnitude of the width of the areas to be allocated along the slopes of the channels valuation indicators. If the width of the areas to be allocated along the slopes of the channels 30 m (0.3 of the distance between channels) valuation metrics plantations on picaninny sites had the following values: quality is 1st class, full - 0,9, timber - 305 m3/ha On plots in the middle part between the channels - the quality of the 3rd class is, weight is 0.8, timber - 170 m3/ha.
If the width of the areas to be allocated along the slopes of the channels 70 m (0.7 distance between channels) valuation metrics plantings on the highway and picaninny sites had the following values: class - 2nd class, weight is 0.8, timber - 180 m3/ha On plots in the middle part between the channels - class 3-class, full - 0,8, timber - 170 m3/ha.
The results of the evaluation of the influence of the width of the areas to be allocated along the canals, showed the following. When the width of the sections from less than 0.4 and more from 0.6 In mensurational parameters significantly differ from the prototype method.
Thus, the proposed method of valuation compared to the prototype provides a lower cost of labor in two times by reducing labor costs allocation of homogeneous regions. Valuation indicators when implementing these methods did not significantly differ.
The method of valuation of forests on drained lands, including the allocation of homogeneous soil and soil conditions of forest areas and separate definition to them valuation metrics, wherein one areas, the width of which is 0.4 to 0.6 of the distance between the slopes of the channels that secrete along these trails, and other areas emit in the middle parts between them.