RussianPatents.com

Method for analyzing stem base part of growing tree

IPC classes for russian patent Method for analyzing stem base part of growing tree (RU 2254707):

A01G23 - Forestry

Another patents in same IPC classes:

Method of forming guard zones of aerial electric lines / 2253224
Method involves during laying out of novel aerial electric lines or clearing of cut-through of existing aerial electric lines, providing clearing works or forest isolating cut-through works on forest border adjoining thereto; carrying out reforming cuttings while changing spatial structure of plantations and enhancing suppressing effect of undergrowth to provide for inhibiting of growth of principal kinds of forest woods; organizing short-stemmed systems on borders adjoining to cut-through areas by cutting rotation, during which forest stand is felled at age not exceeding undergrowth rehabilitation maturity age. Because of short cutting rotations, forest in short-stemmed systems does not reach height hazardous for normal employment of aerial electric lines.

Working tool for brush cutter / 2251837
Working tool has two saw blades arranged parallel to one another and rigidly joined with one another so that their saw teeth cuts mate with one another, said cuts being symmetrically formed in body of each disk for defining channels for transportation of arboricide mixture. Disks are positioned between upper and lower flanges tightened with one another by means of bolted connections, are mounted on drive shaft and tightened by means of fixing nut. Arboricide mixture supply openings are formed in upper saw disk 1 for supplying of said mixture into mixture transportation channels. Housing is secured by means of bolted connection through sealing gasket to upper saw disk. Space formed between housing and flange is adapted for filling with arboricide mixture. Discharge openings are arranged in the vicinity of lower saw disk teeth. Discharge valves mounted in said openings have closing member made in the form of spherical or elliptical member secured by means of screw on springy plate adapted for preventing longitudinal and transverse displacement of closing member 14 relative to discharge opening. Liquid and air lines are connected with arboricide mixture vessel for supplying of arboricide mixture from vessel and cutting-off delivery of said mixture. Working tool may be inclined for supplying of arboricide mixture onto stumps of plants remained on slopes of various constructions such as channels, roads etc.

Pendulum-type brush cutter / 2251836
Brush cutter has base tractor, suspension frame adapted to be hung onto suspension system, telescopic boom with telescope extendable by means of hydraulic cylinder, and working tool formed as circular saw fixed at telescope end. Pivotal attachment of telescopic boom to frame allows pendulum motions to be provided by means of hydraulic cylinder and two levers. Circular sawing working tool is driven by power shaft through telescopic cardan gear, reducer and belt transmission including belt with pulleys. Upon retraction of hydraulic cylinder of telescopic device, constant stretching of belt is provided through stretching device made in the form of levers with stretching rollers at their ends, pushers connected to hydraulic cylinder, and slides movable on levers. Brush cutter is further equipped with two independent systems for supplying of arboricide mixture to cutting zone. First system includes pushing bar formed hollow for feeding said mixture therein through feeding line. Pushing bar is pivotally secured on frame and is equipped with spring. Valves including pushers, plates, return springs and nozzles are mounted inside pushing bar, which is adapted for supplying said mixture onto stumps of cut plants. Discharge channels and through openings arranged in the vicinity of saw teeth are made in circular saw for transportation of said mixture to cutting zone (to plant stumps). Second independent system for supplying of arboricide mixture provides transportation thereof via line through rotating connection, bore in shaft and transportation channels in saw to nozzles. Said system has valve including body and internal stem connected with pushing bar, piston and return springy members. Second system serves to feed said mixture onto stumps under the action of cut trunk upon pushing bar, and to continuously and uniformly supply said mixture onto area cleared from brushes owing to permanent switching on of said apparatus by filling space A above piston via line with working fluid of tractor hydraulic system.

Manipulator of machine for trimming trees / 2251479
Machine includes boom and multi-link telescopic handle with jointly coupled truss that is jointly secured to boom. Each two-link mechanism of said truss except last one is provided with additional link. Additional links are mounted in parallel relative to second link of two-link mechanism and they are joined with first rotary link of adjacent two-link mechanism for forming pantograph. Tie rod is jointly secured to bearing section of telescopic handle; said tie rod is jointly secured to boom through link of rigid triangle. Apex opposite to said link of rigid triangle through lever is jointly secured to platform of machine. In order to vertically move working organ, hinges of supports are mounted on platform of machine at mutual shifting by angle α.

Mode of testing wood samples / 2251104
For testing they make with the help of a bore samples of cylindrical form of larger diameter then the largest transverse size of standard samples of rectangle form which are prepared from cylindrical samples and with the length of o less then the length of standard samples.

Method for mechanized strip clearing of felling area for forest crops / 2250600
Method involves dividing felled area into strips to be cleared and spaces between strips not to be subjected to clearing; gathering felling residue by means of brush rake movable on cleared strips and shifting felling residue onto spaces between strips by alternatively turning to the right and to the left to thereby form felling residue piles; after clearing strips on the entire felling area, burning felling residue; grubbing out stumps from cleared strips by means of grubber-collector, which moves grubbed stumps to felling residue burnt piles; leaving the latter for decaying.

Method of processing and cutting trees into sections by means of felling-bunching machine / 2250599
Method involves processing tree by initially cutting branches from the bottom to the top of tree over trunk up to crown part; upon removal of crown part, leaving trunk for several months to provide for natural drying of tree trunk. Method allows versatility of felling-bunching machine with gripping-and-cutting boom to be increased and operational capabilities of machine to be widened owing to adaptation to different kinds of tree and stand care processes. It means that single machine may be used for tree clear or selection felling processes, as well as for caring of crown of individual trees. Method may be effectively used for caring of trees in parks, gardens and preservation plots by means of existing felling-bundling machines furnished with small-sized gripping-cutting booms having maximal predetermined weight and load capacity.

Slewing circle of logger manipulator / 2243650
Invention relates to manipulator-type loggers, namely, to their slewing circles. In proposed slewing circuit with inclined design leveling device turntable is mounted on frame of self-propelled chassis for tilting forward and backward under action of hydraulic cylinders which are installed in X-like manner, viewing from side, and are hinge-connected to leveling device. Front and rear surfaces of leveling device in contact with frame are made to the same radius of turning as inner surfaces of frame. Stops are rigidly installed on upper surface of frame before and after leveling device. Rear surface of front stop and front surface of rear stop form angles of 90^o plus angle of tilting of leveling device with upper horizontal surface of frame. Proposed design of slewing circle makes it possible to tilt turntable forward and backward, and X-shape arrangement of hydraulic cylinders provides reduction of height of device and contact of leveling device and frame over surface improves reliability.

Method for keeping of plants during cold period of year / 2245027
Method involves placing containers 5 with plants 4 at place 1 above heating main 2; providing covering 4 above containers 5; filling space between covering wall 3 and containers 5 with bulk material 6 with increased moisture capacity (for example, peat or compost); moistening material 6 and mellowing top layer 7 of said material. During heating season, part of heat is transferred from heating main 2 to ground surface. Moistened peat layer 6 has increased moisture capacity to provide for effective heating of containers 5. Mellowed layer 7 eliminates moisture and heat transfer from layer 6. Moisture stock in layer 6 provides optimal soil moisture in containers to be maintained. When necessary, layer 6 is periodically moistened and layer 7 is mellowed. Covering 3 and layers 6 and 7 of peat reduce heat losses from heating main 2 during the entire heating season. Upon completion of cold period, containers 5 with plants 4 are moved to territory to be landscaped.

Apparatus for winch (cable) logging of timber / 2246204
Apparatus has winch with at least two drums for pulling and return cables, respectively, said cables defining closed contour extending through main guiding pulley system. Logging single-axle wheeled cart and choking equipment are positioned between pulling and return cables. Wheeled cart has load-bearing shield pivotally mounted on cart and system of auxiliary guiding pulleys for pulling cable. Boom-type frame is mounted on wheel axle of cart. Levers are mounted on frame first boom oriented to main guiding pulleys of pulling cable for restricted pivoting in longitudinal-vertical plane. Load-bearing shield fixed on lever free ends is oriented toward frame second boom, in particular, to choking equipment zone. Stop is positioned on outer surface of shield in shield and lever junction zone. One of auxiliary guiding pulleys of pulling cable is mounted on stop through vertical poles, while other auxiliary guiding pulleys are mounted on frame boom oriented to main guiding pulleys for pulling cable. Main guiding pulley system is provided with auxiliary cable centering pulleys for centering of cable relative to axis of related drum. Centering pulleys are positioned on winch base, forward of system of main guiding pulleys defining closed cable contour for moving carts.

Lumber-industry robot / 2247019
Robot includes platform with movable supports, rotary circle, manipulator with gripping and cutting off apparatus. Circular platform is joined with working support in the form of telescopic hydraulic cylinder whose rod is joined with supporting site. Upper portion of housing of working support is joined with movable wheel and with rod of motion cylinder. Circular platform has groove provided with right and left branches at both sides. Tumbling stop and movable wheel of working support are mounted in said groove. Tumbling stop may close at once right and left branches of groove or it may close one branch and then other branch. Three walking supports are jointly mounted at mutual spacing by angles 120° on edges of circular platform. Said walking supports are in the form of hydraulic cylinders whose rods are joined with cone site. Housing of each walking support is jointly connected with two rods of additional hydraulic cylinders and simultaneously it is jointly mounted on circular platform. In upper portion of circular platform on rotary circle power drive unit of robot is mounted. Said drive unit is provided with control system. Manipulator with gripping and cutting off organ is joined with rotary circle through two vertical hydraulic cylinders. Manipulator has automatic system for searching tree and tactile pickups mounted on gripping and cutting off organ for providing necessary effort of gripping tree and cutting it off.

Method for testing of woody plants / 2247489
Method involves providing penetration into wood of young tree and vegetative parts thereof or young branches and tree roots by means of spring-loaded rod with flat end surface by repeatedly applying permanent force thereto; upon each action in the form of strike, measuring increase in depth of penetration of rod; judging properties of woody plant by number of strikes sufficient for penetration of rod to predetermined depth. Tests are performed during growing period and properties of woody plant are evaluated on the basis of set of measurements taken in the course of season growing and development of woody plant. Method may be used for process monitoring in the course of growth and development of forest plantations.

Method and apparatus for development of bushy lands / 2247490
Method involves dressing sod while grinding bush and plowing-in wood remains under plow layer, with bush being bent at an angle to dressing direction before dressing of sod and with plowing-in of wood remains being performed in direction of bending of bush. Optimal angle of inclination of bush is determined as: α_oa=α_w-α_s, where α_w is optimal angle of wood cutting; α_s is optimal angle of sod cutting. Apparatus has basic tractor and lifting working tool with two sections of disk batteries, with front section being mounted on frame hitched to tractor and rear section being pivotally joined with frame to be raised relative to it. Bending device is made in the form of shaft with pressing plate and positioned forward of tractor on individual frame for displacement in vertical plane. Moldboard is positioned perpendicular to optical bending direction. Width of moldboard is equal to width of front section of disk harrow. Pressing plate is positioned between tractor and front section of disk harrow on related frame. Width of pressing plate is at least equal to width of track between tractor caterpillars.

Method of testing wood / 2247985
Method comprises measuring variations of pulse loading of the conical head during its penetration into the wood in radial direction. The wood quality can be judged by relative force pulse duration.

Method for regulating of snow depositions for protecting of soil from erosion on slopes / 2248116
Method involves creating system of drain regulating forest strips from first row of undersized brushes and 2-3 rows of trees on water catchment area (slope); forming forest strips of combined structure: in lower part of up to 0.3-0.5 m of dense structure, in middle part of from 0.3-0.5 m up to 2 m of blow-through structure, and in upper part above 2 m of openwork or dense structure.

FIELD: nature and forest management, ecology monitoring and environment protection by sequential controlling of changes in shape of stem base part of growing tree.

SUBSTANCE: method involves providing lengthwise and crosswise measurement of trunk in sections by means of flexible measuring tape; measuring perimeter of trunk section transverse to trunk length by means of flexible measuring tape; on even portions of stem base part of growing tree, measuring perimeter of section by means of measuring tape at distance of 0.5 m from root collar to height of 2.5-3.0 m. Method may be used for analyzing single growing trees, for example, trees growing in forest strips.

EFFECT: increased precision in analysis of growing tree trunks with low quality of shape in stem base part, and wider range of use.

4 cl, 4 dwg

The invention relates to dendrometry and can be used in environmental engineering, environmental monitoring and environmental changes of the shape of the butt part of a growing tree.

There is a method of analysis of tree trunk, including butt end part (see, for example, textbook: VK Zakharov. Forest valuation. Ed 2nd, repairs. and supplementary): Forestry, 1967. - S, 304), including two private process: (a) field operations on the selection and measurement of trees; b) post-processing of field materials. The proposed solution applies to both parts.

In the first part of the method includes similar steps: the choice of the area of plantations and its characteristics, the selection of one, several, or all trees with a description of their valuation metrics, measurement of the trunk with the layout of the trunk into sections of equal length.

The disadvantage of this method is the difficulty of measuring the trunk of a growing tree, and in the butt part is often observed cross-section of irregular shape with projections and depressions. Thus, this method is suitable mainly for analysis of forest trees to the right and straight generatrix of the barrel and cannot be applied to low-quality trees. The last essential for environmental studies, such as engineering and environmental Mont the monitoring site by testing stem portion worst quality trees.

There is also known a method of analysis of tree trunk in patent No. 2201593 from 27.03.2003, including the layout of the trunk into sections nonmultiple length depending on the location of the irregularities of the barrel, and section nonmultiple length mark, at least twice - first to the places of the smallest diameters between the roughness of the surface of the tree trunk, and then on top of these irregularities by measuring respective distances from the root collar, and multiples of the length of the sections is determined by the flat areas of the lesser curvature of the trunk, and nonmultiple length of the sections is determined by the uneven areas of significant curvature of the trunk, including the butt part of the trunk of a growing tree.

The disadvantage is the measurement of the diameters of the stem, which does not allow for the irregularities to accurately measure non-circular shape of the cross section of the trunk in the butt part of a growing tree.

The technical result is to increase the accuracy of analysis of tree trunks growing trees with low quality forms in the butt part and extension of the application of the method of analysis on a single growing trees, such as growing in forest shelter belts.

This technical result is achieved in that in the method of analysis of the butt part of a growing tree, including the layout of the trunk into sections fold or nonmultiple length depending on the location of the irregularities of the barrel with the measurement soo the relevant distances from the root collar, and multiples of the length of the sections is marked by flat sections butt end of the barrel, and nonmultiple the length of the sections is uneven sections butt end part, at least twice, measure the length and breadth of the shaft sections perform flexible measuring tape, and across the trunk measure flexible measuring tape the perimeter of the cross section of the trunk, with flat areas Komleva part of a growing tree measurement perimeter of the cross section of the measuring tape is performed through a 0.5 m from the root collar of a growing tree up to a height of 2.5-3.0 meters.

In laboratory conditions the shape of the butt part of a growing tree is determined by the formula

where x is the distance from the root collar, m;

P is the perimeter of the cross section, cm;

P₀- the perimeter of the cross section of the stem near the root collar of a growing tree, cm;

and₁...and₆the parameters of the statistical model of the shape of the barrel without convex and concave, the values of which depend on the shape of the butt log of a specific tree.

In laboratory conditions the shape of the butt part of a growing tree, with a convex section is determined by the formula

where a₇...and₁₀- slice parameters of the statistical model describing the roughness of the convex section of the trunk.

In laboratory conditions the shape of the butt part rastus the th tree, having a concave section, is determined by the formula

where a₇...and₁₀- slice parameters of the statistical model describing the roughness of the concave section of the trunk.

The essence of the technical solution is that the shape of the butt of many trees along the perimeters of sections draw conclusions about the quality of the growth conditions, i.e. on the environmental conditions of the territory. Thus the smoother the butt of the barrel, the better the growing conditions and the environmental regime in the territory. The more irregularities and what they are bigger relative to the stem, the worse the environmental conditions of the territory.

The positive effect is the adoption of the objects of dendrometry trees with trunks wrong stereometric forms in the butt part, for example, for environmental monitoring.

A significant novelty is the measurement of the perimeter of the cross-section instead of a diameter that allows us to estimate more precisely the shape of the butt part of a growing tree.

The proposed solution has the essential features of novelty, positive effect and the perspective of expanding the practical application of dendrometry in engineering ecology and environmental monitoring.

Of scientific-technical and patent literature material is in, prejudicial to the novelty of the proposed method not found.

1 shows a diagram of the measuring butt part of a growing tree flexible measuring tape; figure 2 - cross section of stem with a measuring tape around the perimeter; figure 3 - scheme of dimension at least three sections of a convex area on the trunk of a growing tree; figure 4 - scheme of dimension concave area on the trunk of a tree.

The method of analysis of the butt part of a growing tree includes the following steps :

Growing tree 1 first examined. Measurements are available for the approach of a human hand. Then mark the location of the root collar, for example, in the form of risks caused by knife or chalk marks. Then a flexible measuring tape 2 is applied along the stem and mark a distance of over 0.5 meters, causing risks or labels. In each of the sections of the barrel wrap a flexible measuring tape and measure the perimeter in centimeters.

Data is recorded in the logbook and then process them to obtain in laboratory conditions the shape of the butt part of a growing tree by the formulawhere x is the distance from the root collar, m, P is the perimeter of the cross section, cm, P₀- the perimeter of the cross section of the stem near the root collar of a growing tree, cm, and₁...and₆the parameters of the statistical model of the shape of the barrel, the values of which depend on army butt of a specific tree.

If the trunk is convex section, it measured in at least three sections and further define the form of the equation

where a₇...a₁₀- slice parameters of the statistical model describing the roughness of the convex section of the trunk.

If the trunk is concave section, it is also measured in at least three sections and determine the form of the equation

where a₇...a₁₀- slice parameters of the statistical model describing the roughness of the concave section of the trunk.

The behavior of individual components of the statistical models of each growing tree and sets of equations are judged on the ecological state of the territory, on which grow the measured trees.

The method of analysis of the butt part of a growing tree is implemented, for example, when measuring butt part of the trees, shelter belts, as follows.

Initially, the protective strip is selected plot with growing trees, such as not less than 20 pieces. After that, draw a map with the location of each of the trees on the plot. This measures the distance between two neighboring trees, such as dimensional geodetic tape, according to the centers trunks of trees.

On each rising tree 1 note to Neveu neck and put at risk or label. Then a flexible measuring tape 2, for example sewing tape with centimeter marks is applied along the barrel, starting from the root collar. After 0.5 m put labels or risks. Then, on each section of the trunk is measured flexible measuring tape the perimeter of the section.

The effectiveness of the new method is that it allows you to analyze any growing trees with trunks wrong stereometric forms in the butt part. This is especially important for windbreaks, roadside strips, riparian water resistance bands, protected areas, settlements, protective forests of chemical, metallurgical and other enterprises.

Moreover, the ratio of the lengths of the sections is not significant when used in the research Institute for mathematical description of the method portion of the side forming the entire trunk. The scope of application of the method of analysis of the butt part of growing trees is also expanding on engineering and environmental studies, particularly in environmentally hazardous areas, for example around plants and other polluting the nature of industrial objects.

It is possible ecological monitoring by tracking the change in the shape of the butt log part growing for several decades of trees.

1. The method of analysis of the butt part of a growing tree, including the layout of the trunk into sections fold or nonmultiple length depending on the location of the irregularities of the barrel measuring respective distances from the root collar, and multiples of the length of the section is marked by flat sections butt end of the barrel, and nonmultiple the length of the sections is uneven sections butt end part, at least twice, wherein measuring the length and breadth of the shaft sections perform flexible measuring tape, and across the trunk measure flexible measuring tape the perimeter of the cross section of the trunk, with flat areas Komleva part of a growing tree measurement perimeter of the cross section of the measuring tape performed in 0.5 m from the root collar of a growing tree up to a height of 2.5-3.0 m

2. The method of analysis of the butt part of a growing tree according to claim 1, characterized in that in laboratory conditions the shape of the butt part of the growing de the Eva is determined by the formula

where P is the perimeter of the cross section, cm;

P₀- the perimeter of the cross section of the stem near the root collar of a growing tree, cm;

a₁...a₆the parameters of the statistical model of the shape of the barrel without convex and concave, the values of which depend on the shape of the butt part of the particular growing tree;

x - the distance from the root collar, m

3. The method of analysis of the butt part of a growing tree according to claim 1, characterized in that in laboratory conditions the shape of the butt part of a growing tree, with a bump, which is determined by the formula

where a₇...and₁₀- slice parameters of the statistical model describing the roughness of the convex section of the trunk.

4. The method of analysis of the butt part of a growing tree according to claim 1, characterized in that in laboratory conditions the shape of the butt part of a growing tree, with a concave section, is determined by the formula

where a₇...and₁₀- slice parameters of the statistical model describing the roughness of the concave section of the trunk.