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Method of filtering and detecting pulsed signals with robust system of partial channels Method of filtering and detecting pulsed signals with a robust system of partial channels includes observing an additive mixture of pulsed video- or radio signals on a noise background, channel robust and resultant in-phase filtering of pulses, wherein after preliminary one-dimensional functional conversion with corresponding standardisation of the observed additive mixture for the pulsed signal, partial estimates are generated via robust nonlinear filtering in each channel in the robust system of partial channels, then based on said estimates, multidimensional robust processing of output signals of the partial channels is performed using cognitive methods or image identification methods for both video signals and radio signals, while realising coherent and in-phase summation, which is in-phase for signals and not in-phase for noise; detection and estimation of signal parameters is then performed. |
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Present invention relates to radio electronics and can be used to determine carrier frequency and type of modulation of signals received in a given frequency band. The panoramic receiver comprises a receiving antenna 1, an input circuit 2, a search unit 3, a high frequency amplifier 4, a heterodyne 5, mixer 6, an intermediate frequency amplifier 7, amplitude detectors 8, 16.1, 16.2 and 16.3, a video amplifier 9, a frequency sweep device 10, cathode-ray tubes 11, 17.1, 17.2, 17.3, 20, 24 and 31, a switch 12, a phase doubler 13.1, a phase quadrupler 13.2, an eight-times phase multiplier 13.3, a phase halver 14.1, a four-times phase divider 14.2, an eight-times phase divider 14.3, band-pass filters 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 27 and 29, switches 18, 21 and 25, frequency detectors 19, 23 and 30, 90° phase changers 22 and 28. |
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Method of demodulating phase-modulated and frequency-modulated signals is characterised by that the nonlinear element used is a three-pole nonlinear element; the four-terminal element is complex and consists of reactive and resistive elements; the three-pole nonlinear element is connected between a source of a phase-modulated or frequency-modulated signal and the input of the four-terminal element on a scheme with a common one of three electrodes; a high-frequency load is connected in a transverse circuit between the output of the four-terminal element and a lowpass filter. |
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Apparatus for generating chirp signals Apparatus includes a transmitting optical unit, a fibre-optic splitter with N outputs, N binary fibre-optic structures, (N-1) fibre-optic delay lines, a fibre-optic connector with N inputs, an optical amplifier, a receiving optical unit, a band-pass filter, an amplitude limiter, an electronic amplifier and a low-pass filter. |
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Controlling reference frequency generator for wireless devices having position finding capability Method of controlling reference frequency generator in a wireless device, which includes a wireless communication system and a satellite positioning system, involves selecting reference generator parameters which correspond to the least error of the reference frequency generator, wherein the selection is determined in the wireless device based on processing a first and a second frequency shift parameter, respectively determined based on a first wireless technology and a second wireless technology; increasing the certainty counter value contained in the wireless device which indicates certainty in the selected reference generator parameters, at least in part, in response to the selection of reference frequency generator parameters; detecting a satellite based on the selected reference frequency generator parameters; obtaining a location positioning using the satellite and determining its quality using the satellite and updating reference frequency generator parameters in response to determination of satisfactory quality of location positioning using the satellite. |
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Phase-modulated or frequency-modulated signal is transmitted to a demodulator which is made from a four-terminal element, a nonlinear element, an integrating circuit - low-pass filter, a separating capacitor and a low-frequency load; input signals are further amplitude-modulated by transmitting said signals to the left-side slope of the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the demodulator; the nonlinear element is used to decompose the spectrum of said signals; the low-frequency component is transmitted to the integrating circuit - low-pass filter; the low-pass filter is used to select the information low-frequency signal. The four-terminal element is complex and is made from reactive and resistive elements; the nonlinear element is connected in a longitudinal circuit and relationships between elements of the resistance matrix of the complex four-terminal element and frequency are selected in accordance with given mathematical expressions. |
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Method of matching complex impedances and apparatus for realising said method Matching device is connected between a high-frequency signal source and a load, the matching device being made from a four-terminal element, parameters of which are selected based on the condition of ensuring a minimal reflected signal. The four-terminal element is complex and consists of reactive and resistive elements; the output of the high-frequency signal source is connected to the input of the complex four-terminal element; a two-terminal nonlinear element is connected in a longitudinal circuit between the output of the four-terminal element and the load; the nonlinear element is connected to a low-frequency control signal source, wherein the frequency dependency of the element z11 of the array of resistances of the complex four-terminal element is selected using a mathematical expression. |
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Input signal is transmitted to a demodulator made from a four-terminal nonlinear element, a low-pass filter, a separating capacitor and a low-frequency load; the signal is transmitted to the left slope of the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the demodulator; the nonlinear element is connected in a transverse circuit between the source of the input signal and the input of the four-terminal element. The relationships between elements of the array of resistances of the complex four-terminal element and frequency are selected in accordance with given mathematical expressions. The apparatus has a source of input signals, a four-terminal element, a two-electrode nonlinear element, a low-pass filter, a separating capacitor, a low-frequency load, wherein the four-terminal element is complex and is in form of an overlapped T-shaped connection of four complex two-terminal elements, and values of parameters of the fourth among them are determined in accordance with given mathematical expressions. |
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Method to match complex resistances and device of its realisation Between a source of a high-frequency signal and a load they connect a matching device, made of a quadripole, parameters of which are selected to provide the minimum of the reflected signal, at the same time the quadripole is made as complex from reactive and resistive elements, a triple non-linear element is introduced, and connected between the output of the complex quadripole and the load according to the scheme with common one of three electrodes, a source of a high-frequency signal is connected to the input of the complex quadripole, the non-linear element is connected to the source of a low-frequency control signal. Dependence of the element z11 of complex quadripole resistance matrix on frequency is chosen using a mathematical expression. |
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Method to demodulate phase-modulated and frequency-modulated signals and device for its realisation Input signal is sent to a demodulator, made of a quadripole, a non-linear element, an integrating low pass chain-filter, a separating tank and a low-frequency load, additional amplitude modulation of input signals is carried out by means of supply of these signals to the left slope of the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the demodulator, with the help of a non-linear element the spectrum of received signals is broken into high-frequency and low-frequency components, the low-frequency component is sent to the integrating low pass chain-filter, with the help of which an information low-frequency signal is separated. At the same time the quadripole is made as complex from reactive and resistive elements, and dependences of elements in the matrix of resistances of the complex quadripole on frequency are defined with the help of the specified mathematical expressions. |
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In order to realise said method, the apparatus for frequency modulation and demodulation of high-frequency signals has a reactive four-terminal linear element, a three-terminal nonlinear element, a low-frequency control signal source, a low-pass filter, a high-frequency signal source, a high-frequency load, a separation capacitor and a low-frequency load, wherein the reactive four-terminal linear element is in form of an overlapped T-shaped connection of four reactive two-terminal elements, parameters of which are selected from conditions of given relationships. |
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Apparatus for frequency modulation and demodulation of high-frequency signals has a reactive four-terminal linear element, a two-electrode nonlinear element in form of an active nonlinear element with negative differential resistance, a low-frequency control signal source, a low-pass filter, a high-frequency signal source, a high-frequency load and a low-frequency load, wherein the reactive four-terminal linear element is in form of a T-shaped connection of reactive two-terminal elements whose parameters are selected from conditions of given relationships. |
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Method for amplitude and phase modulation, frequency and amplitude demodulation of high-frequency signals involves interaction of high-frequency and low-frequency signals in a multifunctional device for amplitude and phase modulation, frequency and amplitude demodulation of high-frequency signals, which is made from a reactive four-terminal circuit, a two-electrode nonlinear element, a high-frequency load, a low-pass filter, a separating capacitor, a low-frequency load, wherein the required frequency characteristics of parameters of the reactive four-terminal circuit are determined by given mathematical expressions. |
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Method is realised via operations of generating phase-modulated signals with variable frequency according to the law of variation of the amplitude of the low-frequency control information signal and demodulation of phase-modulated signals without using a reference oscillation generator with conversion of the phase modulated signals to an amplitude-phase-modulated signal using the high-frequency part of the demodulator with a given slope ratio of the amplitude-frequency curve at given phase deviation of the phase-modulated signals in modulation mode and given amplitude modulation coefficient of the amplitude-phase-modulated signal in demodulation mode on a high-frequency load using one device. The apparatus for phase modulation and demodulation of high-frequency signals has a high-frequency signal source, a low-frequency load, a converter for converting phase-modulated signals to an amplitude-phase-modulated signal in form of a linear reactive four-terminal network, a two-electrode nonlinear element, a high-frequency load, a low-pass filter and a dividing capacitor. |
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Apparatus and methods for frequency control in multi-output frequency synthesiser Methods and circuits for synthesising two or more signals phase-locked to a common reference clock signal are disclosed. In one version, the method comprises steps of generating first and second output signals phase-locked to a reference clock signal, using first and second phase-locked loop circuits. In response to a detected frequency error in the first output signal, the first output signal is corrected by adjusting a frequency-division ratio in the first phase-locked loop circuit. The second output signal is corrected, separately from the correction to the first output signal, by adjusting a frequency-division ratio in the second phase-locked loop circuit, using an adjustment parameter calculated from the detected frequency error. In another method, the second output signal is generated from a common reference clock signal and frequency of the second output signal is also adjusted by adjusting the reference clock frequency (FREF). Schemes for realising the methods are also disclosed. |
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Method of filtering and detecting fluctuating radiopulse packet For each radio pulse, a primary adaptive robust estimate of the carrier frequency of the radio pulse is generated; an in-phase long sequence of radio pulses is generated in form of a quasi-harmonic signal; parts of the long sequence that are in-phase for the radio pulses and out of phase for noise are summed; the obtained quasi-harmonic signal is interpolated and based on the smoothed quasi-harmonic signal, using narrowband inertial phase-locked-loop frequency control, both the initial phase and the final estimate of the carrier frequency of the corresponding radio pulse of the packet of the observed mixture are estimated; coherent delay of the processed radio pulse of the observed mixture is carried out until the steady-state condition of the interpolation process is achieved; the processed radio pulse is detected via synchronous detection. |
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Method for amplitude modulation and demodulation of high-frequency signals involves connecting a modulation and demodulation device between a high-frequency signal source and a low-frequency load, said device being made from cascade-connected matching two-port network, two-electrode nonlinear element, high-frequency load and low-pass filter; the matching two-port network is made from reactive impedors, which are made from reactive components; values of parameters of the reactive components are determined based on the condition of the selected resistance values of one-port networks at the given number of frequencies. |
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Modulation and demodulation apparatus is made from a matching two-port network, a two-electrode nonlinear element, a high-frequency load and a low-pass filter; in demodulation mode, the nonlinear element is used to breakdown the spectrum of amplitude-modulated signals; their amplitude-modulation factor is corrected; the low-pass filter is used to select the information-bearing low-frequency signal whose amplitude varies according to the law of variation of the amplitude of the high-frequency signal; the two-port network is made from at least three reactive impedors, wherein the two-electrode nonlinear element is connected between the high-frequency signal source and the two-port network in a cross circuit; in modulation mode, the amplitude of the high-frequency signal is varied according to the law of variation of the amplitude of the control signal. |
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Signal search device includes control unit, reference frequency unit, receiver of radio signals, indication unit, triggered shaper of clock frequency, clock frequency memory unit, logic EXCLUSIVE OR element, phase difference shaper, comparing unit and shaper of threshold levels. |
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Panoramic broad-band radio receiving device In panoramic broad-band radio receiving device containing in-series connected high-frequency receiving path, analogue-to-digital converter, digital filter of the main selection and digital demodulator, according to invention the digital filter of the main selection and digital demodulator are included in digital processing unit of signals, which in addition is equipped with digital signal accumulator, to panoramic broad-band radio receiving device there additionally introduced is electrically switched attenuator and shaper of control action; at that, inlet of electrically reconfigurable attenuator is the inlet of panoramic broad-band radio receiving device, and its outlet is connected to the inlet of high-frequency receiving path, control input of electrically controlled attenuator is connected to the output of shaper of control action, the input of which is connected to output of synchronisation signals of digital processing unit of signals, input of digital signal accumulator is connected to output of digital demodulator, and its output is the output of panoramic broad-band radio receiving device. |
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Double-sided remote control unit Double-sided remote control unit includes at least one double-sided remote control panel with code training keys and remote call key. Users can apply double-sided remote control panels of the same type for calling or determining the location of each other; at that, double-sided remote control panel can be also easily used as device for determining the location, as well as with possibility of message display. |
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In switching method for excitation of parametric resonance and device for its realisation by excitation of parametric resonance of electric oscillations by switching method, reactive electric power is generated. This event is realised in reactive electric power generator (REPG). Additional inductance coil or capacitor with a certain nominal value of inductance or capacitance versus similar elements of the main circuit is connected in parallel to oscillating circuit at certain moments of time in specified mode with the help of thyristors. It makes it possible to vary circuit parametres (inductance, capacitance, frequency of oscillations, wave resistance) in process of each oscillation, according to algorithm of variation of control voltage sent to thyristors from separate pulse generator (PG) and thus to achieve parametric resonance without functional link of current and voltage amplitudes in circuit with value of control voltage. Stationary amplitude of parametric oscillations is provided with the help of stabilitrons with shunting resistors connected parallel to circuit, which, passing through itself a part of charge that participates in process of oscillation and scattering excessive reactive power, thus, amplitudes of current and voltage are limited within the limits required for circuit serviceability. Functioning of PG is carried out by part of output power of REPG, which provides for complete independence of REPG as source of power supply. |
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Invention relates to radio electronics and can be used for determination of carrier frequency and type of modulation of signals received in preset frequency range. Proposed panoramic receiver comprises receiving antenna, input circuit, scan unit, HF amplifier, heterodyne, mixer, IF amplifier, three amplitude detectors, video amplifier, frequency sweep shaper, five CRTs, key, factor-2-phase multiplier, factor-4-phase multiplier, factor-8-phase multiplier, factor-2-phase splitter, factor-4-phase-splitter, factor-8-phase-splitter, three bandpass filters, switch and frequency detector. |
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Device for modulating amplitude and phase of multi-frequency signals Device for modulating amplitude and phase of multi-frequency signals contains a course of multi-frequency signals, reactive quadripole, semiconductor diode and a source of low frequency controlling voltage. The quadripole is made in form of arbitrary connection of two reactive dipoles, semiconductor diode is coupled in a longitudinal circuit between the source of bearing signal and the input of quadripole, a source of low frequency controlling signal is coupled in parallel to diode. Resistance multi-frequency signal source is selected to be arbitrary, a load is coupled to the output of the quadripole for passing multi-frequency signals with arbitrary resistances in at a given number of frequencies of interpolation of required frequency characteristics. Dipoles are made of arbitrarily interconnected reactive elements, number of which is selected to be not less than number of given frequencies of interpolation of required amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics, and parameters of reactive elements are selected from condition of simultaneously ensured required ratios of modules and phase differences of transmission coefficient at given number of frequencies in two states of semiconductor diode, determined by two edge levels of controlling signal. |
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Method for scanning digital television channels Method includes setting a starting frequency, at which first digital channel begins operation; finding first accessible channel by means of using predetermined scanning step with starting frequency; and finding of accessible channels from second to N-th by using a set of scanning steps with found frequency, changing to predetermined width of frequencies band from frequency of first accessible channel. |
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Automatic radio-station signal search device Proposed automatic radio-station signal search device that can be used for automatic search and detection of signals from radio stations being monitored which permanently and frequently change their operating frequencies and operate in environment of complex noise and more than one signals from different stations within high-frequency band has control signal generator, reference-frequency unit, receiver with antenna, and signal detector; the latter incorporates driven clock frequency shaper, clock-frequency shaper memory unit, delay shaping unit, phase-difference level shaper, threshold level shaper, comparison unit, and display. |
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Intermediate frequency amplifier module Module of intermediate frequency amplifier contains working signal channel 1, containing band filters 2,5,9, discontinuous controllable attenuator 3 and amplifier 8, first, second switches 4,7, settled attenuator 6, control device 10, made with possible exchange of controlling information, containing bidirectional output for serial control information communication line. To provide system for controlling serviceability of intermediate frequency amplifier module built into working signal channel, third switch and threshold detector are added. Intermediate frequency amplifier module may contains n channels of working signal, where n≥2, while control device contains means for transferring control information into n channels of working signal. |
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Serial cyclic procedure of estimating mismatch and its compensation uses original algorithm for determining maximum of solving function by two of its values from the area where frequency is undetermined, thus making it possible to decrease frequency mismatch compensation time. Proposed procedure has increased interference resistance, because it uses additional digital supporting signal. Proposed algorithm can function with different, including substantial, values of original frequency mismatch. Algorithm is efficient both at beginning stage (in frequency capture mode) and during following automatic adjustment. Proposed variant of realization of frequency automatic adjustment allows precise adjustment of frequency of supporting generator even in case of very low signal-noise ratio for signal being received. |
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In accordance to invention, body of control device is made in form of pistol, with positioning separately from main body button field of duplicates of program switching buttons along a circle. In zone of trigger and cock during control process in is possible to use any hand to quickly switch channel by means of forefinger and thumb. On press of any of the control buttons of main button field or duplicates transmitter forms a code command signal and transfers it to receiving device of control object. |
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Controllable heterogeneousness Controllable heterogeneousness is made in form of flat-lamellar structure, including controllable layer in form of two-dimensional periodical array of stripes or rods, in gaps of which controllable elements are included, electrically connected to controlling signals generator. Heterogeneousness also contains two identical two-dimensional periodical passive arrays, separated from controllable layer by first air layer, and divided by second air layer. Each one of two arrays independently from each other is mechanically connected to controllable two-dimensional periodical array of stripes or rods by a pair of screw transmissions, positioned on opposite sides of arrays, and also serially connected station of radio-technical reconnaissance, computing device, transformer, two executive step reverse electric motors, control inputs of which are connected to two appropriate outputs of transformer, two inputs of which are connected to appropriate two outputs of computing device. Each pair of screw transmissions is connected to appropriate electric motor. Thicknesses of first d1 and second d2 air layers and conductivity B of identical arrays are computed by aforementioned computing device using data about bearing signal wave length of side emission source, determined by radio-technical reconnaissance station, in accordance to given mathematical formulae, produced from condition for manipulation of amplitude and phase of passing and reflected signals. |
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Method and system for radio communications Novelty is that highest harmonics of first or second subscriber carrier signal reflected by artificial heterogeneity are used as carrier signal and harmonic power is enhanced by special choice of parameters of artificial heterogeneity controlled layer and choice of heterogeneity for signal reception and radiation. |
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Device for detection and frequency estimation of radio pulses Adjustable band filter is inserted in control system, its state is controlled using information about derivative of output voltage of filter, also performed processes concerning: forming of quasi-optimal synchronous processing of device control signals and correction signals using first synchronous detector, forming of cophased oscillation using system for phase frequency automatic-correction, using correction signals after first synchronous detector, synchronous and cophased signals processing is performed using second synchronous detector, for measuring value of unknown frequency of low-noise output oscillation of phase frequency automatic-correction system generator is used. Insertion of derivative-based check connection provides for automatic control over state of filter under effect from powerful interference, to decrease negative effect of aforementioned interference. |
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Proposed radio receiving device has antenna connected to input of receiver-detector unit whose output is connected to input of low-frequency amplifier, as well as power supply whose positive pole is connected through switch to power input of low-frequency amplifier and negative one, to common leads of low-frequency amplifier, receiver-detector unit, and RC filtering circuit; power input of receiver-detector unit is connected to output of RC filtering circuit and input of the latter, to cathode of light-emitting diode whose anode is connected to power input of low-frequency amplifier. |
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Band filter automatic tuning device Proposed automatically tunable band filter has series-connected limiting amplifier 1, tunable band filter 2 in the form of first series-tuned circuit with capacitor whose value varies depending on voltage applied to control input, first buffer amplifier 3, parametric correcting unit 4 in the form of second series-tuned circuit incorporating variable capacitor, second buffer amplifier 5, first differential unit 6, first amplitude detector 7, first integrating device 9, and subtraction unit 9. Inverting input of subtraction unit 9 is connected to reference-voltage generator 10 and output, to control input of variable capacitors 2 and 4. Automatically tunable band filter also has series-connected second amplitude detector 11, second integrating unit 12, and threshold unit 13. Synchronous operation of this filter during reception and processing of finite-length radio pulses is ensured by synchronizer 14 whose output is connected to units 10, 8, and 12. This automatically tunable band filter also has second differential unit whose input is connected to output of buffer amplifier 3 and output, to second control input of variable capacitor of band filter 2. |
Another patent 2513932.