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Optical device and method of manufacture Diffraction structure comprises a plurality of channels assembled to generate a first diffraction optical effect. Each channel is formed from a plurality of scattering and/or diffraction channel elements, each aligned to provide a second scattering and/or diffraction optical effect to form a micro- or macro-distinguishable graphic feature. The method of creating a diffraction surface relief structure involves forming a plurality of scattering and/or diffraction channel elements with alignment, which serves to form a plurality of channels that are assembled to generate a first diffraction optical effect. Each of the plurality of channel elements is assembled to provide a second scattering and/or diffraction optical effect to form a micro- or macro-distinguishable graphic feature. |
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Method of creation on sheet material of iridescent image, and sheet material for its implementation Invention relates to special types of printing enabling to create in the body of the sheet material the original image protecting it against forgery. The method of creation on the sheet material of the iridescent image consists in the impact on the image applied on the sheet material with the light flux reflected from the diffraction grating at different angles of its rotation. In the body of the sheet material the image of isolated points in the form of volumetric extended metal-dielectric nanostructures with quantum size effects is created and placed it between the metal layer and the reflective diffraction grating. At that over each point of the image in the metal layer an opening is made through which the light flux is directed to the diffraction grating. |
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Films with variable angle of view made from crystalline colloidal alloys Radiation diffracting film has a viewing surface and an ordered periodic array of particles embedded in the material of the array. The array of particles has a crystalline structure, having (i) a plurality of first crystal planes of said particles that diffract infrared radiation, where said first crystal planes are parallel to said viewing plane; and (ii) a plurality of second crystal planes of said particles that diffract visible radiation. When the film is turned about an axis perpendicular to the viewing surface and at a constant viewing angle of said film, visible radiation with the same wavelength is reflected from the second crystal planes with intervals equal to about 60°. |
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Method of obtaining images in crystalline colloidal structures Method involves providing an array of particles in a curable binding composition; curing a first portion of the binding composition with laser radiation with manifestation of a first optical property; changing the distance between particles in another portion of the composition; and curing the other portion of the binding composition with manifestation of another optical property. Multiple-colour images are also obtained in superimposed crystalline colloidal structures. |
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Method of making diffraction grating Invention relates to optics and specifically to diffraction grating-type optical elements and is meant for producing said elements. The method of making a diffraction grating involves forming alternating layers of two substances of different permittivity. Layers of these two substances are formed by parallel winding of two bands of different materials, one having light-reflecting properties while the other does not, onto an elongated plate along its length to enable formation of a plane in circumferential winding - by winding the band on that plane, and/or cross cutting the layer of the wound band on the plane, and/or cross polishing on the plane of the layers of the wound band. |
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Optical device, laminate and labelled article Optical device for forming an image is made from two or more layers and has a light-reflecting boundary surface and a light-transmitting boundary surface. The light-reflecting boundary surface is provided with a first relief structure having two-dimensionally arranged first recesses or protrusions, and emits a first diffracted light when illuminated with light. The light-transmitting boundary surface lies in front of the light-reflecting boundary surface and has reflectance smaller than that of the light-reflecting boundary surface, is provided with a second relief structure having second recesses or protrusions arranged two-dimensionally, emits a second diffracted light when illuminated with light. |
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Optical protective device forming two-dimensional image Disclosed is a diffraction protective element having a diffraction optical microstructure consisting of a modulated diffraction-type structure. When illuminated with scattered ambient light, the structure forms a two-dimensional image which will be visible to a viewer when the device is tilted or rotated or when the direction of light changes. The diffraction modulated structure of the device consists of different, mainly parametrised optical elements with presence of specified topographic forms. Each topographic form, position, centre and line thickness are described by functions and are variable with respect to the positional coordinate of the optical element. |
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FIELD: optics. SUBSTANCE: component produces a first visible configuration when observed through a polarizer oriented in a first orientation, and a second configuration, separate from the first, visible when observed through the polarizer oriented in a second orientation. The optical component comprises a stamped film for forming at least two diffraction gratings having different orientations, further including a structure having a random and chaotic nature overlaid on the two perpendicularly oriented gratings. Each of said gratings has a period of less than 550 nm and a modulation between 0.25 and 0.5 relative to a reference plane. EFFECT: enhanced tolerance of the optical component to the polarization effect observation conditions. 18 cl, 17 dwg |
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The method of production of diffracting optical elements FIELD: optics. SUBSTANCE: invented method can be used for creation of complex diffracting optical elements (DOE) - Fresnel lens, kinoforms, focusers, correctors and others; the method includes coating of photoresist layer on the substrate, drying operation, exposure process, film development, thermohardening and reactive or plasma etch chemistry of the substrate by the mixture of gasses through the masking layer of the photoresist thermohardened layer; the thermoresistant photosensitive composition of poly (o-hydroxyamid) on the basis of 3,3'-dihydroxy-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane and iso-phthaloylchloridum with photosensitive derivatives of 1,2-naphthoquinone diazides can be used as photoresists; the substrate warmed up to 80-90°С is coated with the photoresist; drying is executed at 90±10°С during 30-40 minutes; thermohardening is performed in vacuum ((2-4)х10-5 mm hg) with smooth increase of the temperature from 200 to 370°С within 10-15 minutes with a sequent exposure to the temperature of 370°С for 30 minutes; ionic and reactive plasma etch chemistry is executed by the mixture of gases: SiCl4+Ar, freon 12 + oxygen. EFFECT: enhancement of accuracy of manufacturing of micro-relief on the boundaries of discontinuity of the phase function of any configuration and widening of technological capabilities. 3 cl, 1 tbl. |
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Multipoint ophthalmological laser probe Group of inventions relates to medical equipment, namely, to laser probes and their combinations, applied in ophthalmology. Probe contains irradiating optic fibre for light beam irradiation, optic system, located on the irradiation side of irradiating optic fibre, and two or more receiving optic fibres, located opposite to irradiating optic fibre. Optic system contains diffractive surface. Light beam, irradiated by irradiating optic fibre, is diffracted into two or more diffracted light beams, focused in plane, parallel to diffraction surface. Receiving ends of each of two or more receiving optic fibres, are intended for reception of light beam, diffracted by optic system, are located in plane, parallel to diffraction surface. Another version of implementation is ophthalmologic laser probe, containing irradiating optic fibre and optic system, located on irradiation side of irradiating optic fibre. Optic system is made in the same way as in the previous version. Connection for laser probe contains case, optic system, located in case, first connecting link, located on one side of optic system; and second connecting link, located on the other side of optic system. Optic system contains diffraction surface, each of two or more diffracted light beams is focused in plane, parallel to said surface. |
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Method of fabricating spiral long-period fibre lattice Proposed method consists in winding polymer fibre, turn-by-turn, onto optical fibre parison from glass to clip the ends of wound fibre. |
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Latticed image and method of obtaining said image Latticed image includes latticed patterns defined by a lattice constant and angular orientation, and/or at least partially includes latticed patterns which form a lustreless pattern. The latticed patterns which contain a latticed drawing, consisting of a plurality of lattice lines arranged in a certain manner and acting on electromagnetic radiation, form a flat region of a half-tone image with constant level of brightness when illuminated. |
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Article in form of a solid pharmaceutical product which is not in powdered form has a diffraction microstructure formed on its surface which enables its identification and authentication. The solid pharmaceutical product is prepared by pressing powdered or granular material. The pharmaceutical product or its surface is not completely transparent but absorbs and scatters. The method of making the said article involves formation of a diffraction microstructure on the surface of the pharmaceutical product during the pressing step by placing the original negative onto a die mould. |
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Method to produce diffraction grating Proposed method consists in preliminary treatment of initial plate in degreasing solution to form grating surface and preset structure elements thereon with the help of photolithography processes, and fixation of preset structure on carrier. Note here that said initial plate is made from molybdenum-rhenium alloy with thickness not over 0.035 mcm. After said preliminary treatment by degreasing solution, it is additionally subjected to treatment by solution of the following composition, wt %: hydrogen nitrate - 35-40, hydrogen dioxide - 30-35, ferric chloride - (111) 10-15, water making the rest. Treatment is effected at room temperature for 0.1-0.2 minutes with subsequent annealing in hydrogen atmosphere at 980-1000°C for 25-30 minutes in mandrel made from molybdenum. Formation of diffraction grating preset structure elements by photolithography processes is performed at other claimed conditions of said processes. |
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Multilayer body and method of making multilayer body Method of making a multilayer body (100), which is a protective element with a partially moulded first layer (3 m) and a multilayer body made using the said method are proposed. A diffraction first relief structure (4) is formed in the first region of a replicative layer (3) of the multilayer body such that the first layer (3 m) is deposited on the replicative layer (3) in the first region and in the second region in which the relief structure in the replicative layer (3) is not moulded. A photosensitive layer or a photosensitive wash-up mask as a replicative layer is deposited on the first layer (3 m). The photosensitive layer or the washing mask is exposed through the first layer (3 m) such that the photosensitive layer or washing mask is differently exposed in the first and in the second regions through the first relief structure. The first layer (3 m) is removed using the exposed photosensitive layer or washing mask as a masking layer in the first region, but not in the second region, or in the second region and not in the first region. |
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Method for production of diffraction grating on sheet material from single crystals of metals, their alloys, semiconductors consists in the fact that solution of crystallised materials salt is applied onto sheet material, sheet material is impregnated with this solution, and this material is exposed to pulses of laser radiation, while interference pattern of lines is created on sheet material. At the same time signal crystals are grown along these lines, and a diffraction grating is produced from their combination. Besides in device that realises this method, diffraction grating is created from signal crystals of metals, their alloys, semiconductors, on sheet material placed into natural medium. |
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Device for optical recording diffraction structures Invention relates to optical instrument making, and specifically to making diffraction optical structures and elements. The device for optical recording diffraction structures includes a base plate with an opening in which is fitted a spindle unit with a workpiece, at least two guides, a movable table with at least two sliders, fitted with aerostatic bearings and rigidly connected to each other using a connector assembly, a recording head, a radiation source, a control unit, a reflecting element, a laser interferometre unit, which is connected by a light beam with the reflecting element and radiation source, and electrically connected to the control unit, a linear motor unit, which is electrically connected to the control unit and kinematically connected to the movable table. |
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Optical component of safety for authentication of document or product has plastic transparent film, which has at least one diffraction lattice. Embossed surface is at least partially coated with layer of dielectric material with high index of refraction, which creates effect of colouring into the first colour for the first orientation of component and into the second other colour for orientation that is perpendicular to the first orientation. Layer of dielectric material is coated from the side, which is opposite to direction of surveillance, by layer with low index of refraction, and then by contrast coloured layer having transparent zones and coloured zones, to increase differences of colouring in case of orientation variations. |
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Method of diffraction gratings manufacturing by means of magnetic liquid Method of diffraction gratings manufacturing includes application of thin layer of magnetic liquid on substrate and influence with magnetic field on it. Thus for obtaining of hexagonal structure, thin layer of magnetic liquid on substrate is applied in the field of homogeneous constant magnetic field guided perpendicularly the plane of glass plate, forming system of identical drops. For obtaining of band structure use the nonuniform magnetic field guided under an acute angle to the glass plate plane. Magnetic liquid having highly volatile basis is used in the method. |
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Optical device of laser resonator (versions) Optical device of the laser resonator consisting of a plate of an optical material with a blanket, executed in the form of a diffraction grating with accents in the form of sequence of dimples or the blanket salients, differing that area Sxy of dimple or salient in the field of a blanket with in co-ordinates X and Y is spotted from expression where T - a continuance of following of dimples or salients, G1 - reflectivity or blanket gear transmissions, G2 - a reflectivity or gear transmissions of blanket in the field of dimple or salient, G (x, y) - demanded function of change of reflectivity or a gear transmission of an optical device of the laser resonator along co-ordinates X and Y. |
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Method of obtaining lattice images Method of obtaining a lattice image consists of one field occupied by a lattice with different visual optically varying properties, within the boundaries of which there are lattice forming elements, which are drawn by a writing device. The method lies in that, one lattice forming element is determined, which as a whole, is within the boundaries of one operational field. A series of operational fields is given, the boundaries within which the writing device has to draw the lattice forming elements. The operational fields are positioned by relative displacement of the base, on which there is a substrate, in which writing takes place, as well as through the writing device. Within the boundaries of the corresponding operational fields, the writing device draws one lattice forming element on the substrate. The lattice forming element is formed within the boundaries of the corresponding operational field in continuous mode. |
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Film and optical protective element Film has a base layer and a double layer. The film contains a liquid-crystal material, which is deposited onto the double layer. A diffraction structure is stamped onto the surface of the double layer. The double layer is put next to the layer of the liquid-crystal material, for orientation of the liquid-crystal material. The diffraction structure has two separate regions with different orientation of the relief structure. |
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Difraction protective element with a grey-scale image Diffraction element has a grey-scale image from diffraction structures in the reflection layer, which are placed between a transparent layer and a protective layer of lacquer. The grey-scale image is divided into image elements, with at least one dimension less than 1 mm. The section of each image element is divided into a background image and the sample of the image element. At least through part of the surface of the grey-scale image pass streaks of the sample with a linear sample of thickness ranging from 15 mcm to 300 mcm and partially cover the background field and samples of the image elements. The linear sample is made from a band of the surface with structures of the sample and with thickness of the line in the range from 5 mcm to 50 mcm. The linear samples consist of letters, words, linear elements and pictograms. The structure of the sample differs from the first and second surfaces of the structure, at least, on one parameter of the structure. Thickness of the lines of the band of the surface in background fields is constant. Surface brightness of the image elements through the thickness of the lines of the surface streaks on the image element is controlled in such a way that, part of the area of the sample of the image element, not covered by the linear sample, is determined respectively by the surface brightness of the image of the grey-scale image in the location of the image element and with consideration of surface brightness of adjacent image elements. |
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Optically changeable element and its application The optically changeable element at least on sections of surface contains a boundary plane, which constitutes an optically active structure, which projects spatially to the front or to the back relatively to imaginary supporting surface. The boundary surface has free form surface, which appears three-dimensional to observer. The free form surface is composed of a section of boundary surface which is lens-like, or, in other words, appears spatially convex or shifted backwards, with creation of magnification, reduction or distortion effects. The free form surface is made with a diffraction screen structure, lines of which practically follow the contour of free form surface. |
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Lamellar structure with lens-like effect creating structure having optical diffraction property Lamellar structure, used especially for transfer or laminated films, has at least two layers of material disposed one behind other, The structures, turned to observer, have to be transparent or semitransparent. Border surface is formed between layers, which surface is provided at least one part of surface with lens-like structure having property of optical diffraction, which creates reduction of magnification effect. Lens-like structure has to be structure of diffraction pattern which differs continuously at part of surface relatively its frequency of diffraction grating. Structure is made either in form of binary structure or in such a way that some sides of grooves of diffraction grating pass in parallel to each other and approximately in parallel to perpendicular line to main plane of border layer. Angle of other two sides of grooves in relation to perpendicular to main plane of border layer in relation to perpendicular to main plane of border plane essentially changes continuously at part of surface. Depth of grating of lens structures is 10 microns maximum. Efficiency and lightness of created effect and improvement in color effects is provided comparing to structures formed by method of holography. |
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Method of producing microstructures Method of producing light-diffracting microstructures in layer of photoresist material onto substrate is described. Microstructures are formed by means of application of first relief microstructure to at least one second structure which has to be diffraction structure for. Method consists of several stages. First, photoresist layer is made with first relief structure onto flat substrate, made by casting of relief array being opposite to substrate of relief array onto free surface of layer. Then relief array is removed. Then interference patter is formed onto relief structure. Coherent light is decomposed to partial beam and support beam. Partial beam and reference beam, which both form preliminary preset angle of crossing, induce interference onto cast first relief structure. Then interference pattern is formed, which pattern has high intensity bands separated by low intensity bands along azimuth in relation to first relief structure by means of rotation of substrate about normal line to surface of substrate. After that first relief structure is exposed in photoresistive layer by means of interference pattern during preset time. After that photoresist material is subject to development during preset time, moreover, material of photoresist, changed due to exposure, is partly removed and as a result, grooves of diffraction structure appear in first relief structure. Finally photoresist material is subject to drying. Development of photoresist is calculated in such a way that grooves of diffraction structure were of 500 nanometers as maximum. In the beginning, photoresistive layer is formed onto flat substrate, which layer is strengthened due to effect of heat. After that relief matrix, placed onto punch, is submerged into surface of photoresistive layer for form of first relief structure as negative print of relief array. As a result, replica-arrays with high degree of precision is made, which array can hardly be simulated. |
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Diffraction protective element with inbuilt optical wave conductor Diffraction protective element contains optical wave conductor of transparent dielectric, integrated into cellular structure and positioned between illuminated transparent layer and protective layer. In wave conductor, transparent dielectric as even thickness of layer and its refraction coefficient is different from refraction coefficients of aforementioned adjacent plastic layers. Wave conductor on sections is adjacent to optically active structure, which, as main structure, contains refraction array of zero order with vector, period length ranging from 100 nanometers to 500 nanometers and depth of profile in range between 20 nanometers and 1 micrometer. Wave conductor has minimal length, at least, 10-20 lengths of refraction array period. Profile depth of optically active structure and thickness of transparent dielectric layer are in given relationship. Protective element when lit by white falling light generates diffracted light of zero diffraction order with high color intensity. |
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Visual effect based on micro-optic structure of diffraction array Micro-optic structure of diffraction array is formed on a substrate, which preferably is formed as surface structure of diffraction array. Structure of diffraction array may create for an observer a holographic or corresponding visual effect based on light diffraction. Light, diffracted from structure of diffraction array and corresponding to constructive wave length, is sent to several diffraction orders. Individual diffraction order corresponds to certain observation direction of visual effect observed at constructive wave length. Structure of diffraction array may leave free range of angles between adjacent observation directions. |
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Optically changeable plane specimen The optically changeable plane specimen is made of partial elements with diffraction reflecting structures and mirror-reflecting partial elements for formation of two or more images, which at illumination by light falling perpendicularly to the plane specimen may be perceived singly by the observer at an observation distance equal to 30 cm at different angles of view. The partial elements contain achromatically diffracting saw-tooth relief structures with saw-tooth inclination angles relative to the plane of the plane specimen. The relief structures related to various images have different angles of inclination, and the value of the maximum angle of inclination makes up maximum 25 deg, so that the difference of the angles of view for light beams reflected from relief structures at least of two images is less than the difference of angles equal to 30 deg. determined by a duplicator, due to it the copy produced with the aid of a duplicator reproduces at least two images by imposition one on the other. |
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Method of building permittivity lattice Method can be used for treatment of materials accompanied by change in physical properties of materials in the zone being close to surface. Method is based upon influence of coherent polarized pulse laser radiation onto sub-surface layer of material to provide excitement of surface phonon-polaritons, which interact with the layer to form interference pattern. Relief lattice is recorded is recorded in such a way that change in real part of refractivity of boundary is provided for surface phonon-polaritons. The change results in formation of permittivity lattice in sub-surface layer of material. |
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Grate has several similar diffraction grates, mounted in couples on common base and directed in such a way, that their lines are parallel. One of two similar diffraction grates is mounted in rectilinear guides and connected to mechanical oscillations generation device, performing reciprocal movement of this grate in direction of dispersion. |
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Directing optical signals by means of mobile optical diffraction component Source 70, 72, 74, 76 of optical signals 10 is directed toward mobile optical diffraction component 32. Each optical signal is characterized by its respective wavelength. Mobile optical diffraction component generates output optical signals 92, 94 and distributes them between output devices 88, 90. |
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Device is used for displaying graphic images. One of variants of its realization includes holographic diffraction picture 100, positioned on constant magnet 120 or element connected to it, and coil or wire 160, through which current is let for moving the magnet. Rotation of holographic diffraction picture relatively to axis 10 forms an image using light, diffracting on holographic diffraction grid. Other variant of realization of display includes faceted rotary element, including facets matrix, each of which contains diffraction grid, and drive, meant for rotation of faceted rotary element from idle position to observation position. Rotation of faceted rotary element leads to forming of image by diffracted light. |
Another patent 2513309.