Directing optical signals by means of mobile optical diffraction component

FIELD: communication systems, their multiplexing and demultiplexing.

SUBSTANCE: source 70, 72, 74, 76 of optical signals 10 is directed toward mobile optical diffraction component 32. Each optical signal is characterized by its respective wavelength. Mobile optical diffraction component generates output optical signals 92, 94 and distributes them between output devices 88, 90.

EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness and reduced cost of method for multiplexing and demultiplexing transmitted signals.

39 cl, 10 dwg

Reference to related applications

This application is related to application for U.S. patent, filed by the same number (case number a patent attorney LUC 2-027), the contents of which are incorporated into this description by reference.

Information regarding Federal support for research

No.

The level of technology

In fiber-optic network information in the form of an electric signal coming from a source is converted into an optical signal, which can then be passed through fiber-optic cable to the destination, where the signal is converted back into an electrical signal. In the modern world, using the Internet, faxing, multiple phone lines, modem connection and telephone conferences on communication network that must meet the continuously growing demand on the volume of transmitted information, places a tremendous burden. Not knowing in advance the load that will be required from fiber-optic cables, they relied on a relatively narrow working band with classical calculation formulas, such as Poisson and Riling. Increasing load on these cables leads to the exhaustion of their bandwidth and the need to use sets of operating wavelengths. For General questions related to communication networks, see the following link:

(1) www.webproforum.com/lucent3.

Onethe ways to meet the increased requirements on the amount of information transmitted, is the laying of additional optical cable. However, this option can be expensive and is usually used only where a relatively small increase in throughput. Another way to solve this problem is called a temporal multiplexing (Time Division Multiplexing (TDM). This method allows to increase the data rate measured in bits per second (bps). The data rate increase, dividing time into small discrete intervals, so that per unit of time (for example, per second), it is possible to transmit a larger number of bits. The disadvantage of this approach is that the number of bits that can be transmitted per unit of time, limited time-frequency characteristic of the receiver.

Because of the limitations associated with time multiplexing was developed another way of transmitting more data on existing fibers, referred to as multiplexing or multiplexing the wavelengths (Wavelength Division Multiplexing - WDM). Spectral multiplexing involves dividing the wavelength range of the output signals generated by the transmitter laser diodes into many discrete intervals, each of which Modulare is t separately, that increases the number of bits transmitted per second. When the number of such separations wavelength range exceeds a certain number, the system is called a system with spectral multiplexing with high density (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing - DWDM).

Spectral multiplexing with high density increases the amount of data transmitted by assigning incoming optical signals to specific frequencies within a specified frequency range, multiplexing the received signals and transmitting the resultant multiplexed signal on a single optical cable. Thus, signals on a single optical cable are passed as a group. In addition, the spacing between discrete intervals reduced by using temporal multiplexing together with spectral multiplexing with high density, resulting in higher data transfer speeds. Then the signals demultiplexer and sent on separate cables to their destinations. Transmitted over fiber-optic cable signals may have different speeds and different formats and the quantity of transmitted information is limited only by the speed signal and the number of frequencies or channels available in the fiber.

Implementation of spectral multiplexing of the I high density became possible due to the variety of technical solutions. One such solution was the use of fused biconical couplers with which one fiber can send more than one signal. The result was an increase in the width of the spectral range for a single fiber. Another important technical solution was the use of optical amplifiers. Doping a small section of a fiber cable or fiber rare earth element, typically erbium, allows for greater optical signal without converting it back into an electrical signal. Currently available optical amplifiers, which provide an efficient and highly uniform amplification at the output power of approximately 20 dBm.

In addition, the contribution to the increase in communication networks information has made the creation of narrow-band lasers. These lasers are stable narrowband coherent light sources, each of which provides for the formation of a separate “channel”. In the General case of single-core optical cable can ensure the creation of from 40 to 80 channels. Researchers are working to develop new ways to increase the number of channels in a single fiber. The company Lucent Technology''s Bell Laboratories achieved multiplexing, or seal, with the formation of 300 channels within the spectral range of 80 nm using f is mascunana laser, see: (2) Brown, Chappell, "Optical Interconnects Getting Supercharged," Electronic Engineering Times. May 25,1998; pp. 39-40.

Due to the large number of channels and the corresponding signals that can be transmitted by one optical fiber, multiplexing and demultiplexing become even more important. Modern methods of muxing and demuxing include the use of thin-film substrates or fiber Bragg gratings. In the first case, the thin-film substrate coated with a layer of dielectric material. Through such a substrate can pass only signals of a given wavelength. All other signals will be displayed, see, for example, U.S. patent No. 5457573. When using fiber Bragg grating fiber-optic cable modify so that light of the same wavelength reflected back, while the light of all other wavelengths passed through. Especially widely Bragg gratings are used in multiplexers for I/o channels. However, in systems of this type, when increasing the number of transmitted signals, respectively, increases the number of required films or gratings for muxing and demuxing, see U.S. patent No. 5748350 and No. 4923271. Therefore, the search continues for more effective and less expensive ways of muxing and demuxing before the applied signals.

The invention

Provides method and apparatus, useful in particular for use in communication systems, for example for switching, multiplexing and de-multiplex signals. The method consists in the fact that, first of all, direct source (10) of the input optical signal (signals) on a movable diffractive optical element (movable diffractive optical element - MDOE). The most effective a movable diffractive optical element is rotatable diffractive optical element (RDOE). Each of the optical signals characterized by a certain wavelength. Next, ensure the presence of one or more output devices. Finally, turning diffractive optical element (12) forms the output optical signal (signals) and distributes them among the output devices. The corresponding system for processing optical signals from their source, includes a source of one or more input optical signals, each of which corresponds to a particular wavelength. In addition, there is a movable diffractive optical element located so that it intercepts the optical signals and generates one or more dragirovaniya output optical signal. And finally, there are one or more output device that accepts one or more defrager the cell output optical signal from the movable diffraction optical element. In the present invention “diffractive optical element” includes a diffraction grating that provides the diffraction of light.

Brief description of drawings

For a better understanding of the nature and purpose of the present invention further detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings, where:

1 schematically shows the rotary diffractive optical element, which switches the input optical signals emitted by the unit of laser diodes, lenses, which are connected with optical fibers;

figure 2 is given an image similar to figure 1, except that the output optical signals are switched to the other pair of lenses;

figure 3 is a schematic representation of demultiplexing an input optical signals coming from the optical fiber in four different output optical fibers (the number of output optical fibers is illustrative and does not limit the scope of the present invention) using the rotary diffractive optical element;

figure 4 is a schematic representation of the multiplexing of the four input optical signals coming from the four blocks of laser diodes, two optical fibers (the number of input and output signals to optical fibers is illustrative and does not limit the scope of the present izobreteny is) using the rotary diffractive optical element;

figure 5 is a schematic representation of a rotary diffractive optical element, a switching three input optical signal into all possible combinations of the three output optical fibers (the number of input and output optical fibers is illustrative and does not limit the scope of the present invention);

figure 6 shows a top view corresponding to figure 5;

on figa shows a top view illustrating an implementation option the magnetic deviation of the rotary diffractive optical element;

on FIGU depicts a side view of the swivel of the diffraction optical element shown in figa, it is shown the connection of the magnet and the coil to the circuit Board;

on Fig shows a simplified cross-section of the plate carrying the four pillars at the ends of which are diffraction gratings with different periods, intended to reject the input optical signal (the number of poles and diffraction gratings is illustrative and does not limit the scope of the present invention), and

figure 9 shows a simplified view in perspective of the plate, on the surface of which has a diffraction grating designed for diffraction splitting the input signal into multiple output signals with different wavelengths.

The following drawings are described in more detail.

Detailed about isana inventions

The present invention provides a simple and elegant way to distribute optical signals that can be used for various purposes, for example for muxing, demuxing, switching or any other application where it is desirable to divide, combine or to direct optical signals. The use of a rotary diffractive optical element eliminates the need for such optical devices as mirrors, filters and thin film, which complicate the system and increase the cost of its creation is proportional to the number of optical signals.

1 schematically shows the rotary diffractive optical element, which switches the input optical signals emitted by the unit of laser diodes, lenses, which are connected with optical fibers. Source 10 delivers the one or more input optical signals, each at a different wavelength (λ) or energy. According to the terminology used in this technical field, in this application, the term “wavelength” is used to denote one or more wavelengths or range of wavelengths. In addition, everywhere in the present application is a plural noun in parentheses that appears after the noun denoting an element in the single is a significant number, used to indicate the presence of at least one or more of these elements. For example, the term “optical signal (signals)” means one or more optical signals. The source 10 in figure 1 represents the block of laser diodes, but may be any other device or combination of devices capable of delivering a modulated optical signal (signals). Such device or devices may include, for example, an optical cable or fiber. The source 10 is directed to the surface of the rotary diffractive optical element 12. Turning diffractive optical element 12 rejects the input optical signal (signals)coming from the source 10, from different angles, according to the diffraction equation:

(a) λ=d(sinι+sinδ),

where λ - wavelength diffracted light (μm);

d period (pitch) of the lattice (μm);

ι - the angle of incidence relative to the normal to the plate (degrees);

δ is the diffraction angle relative to the normal to the plate (C).

For fixed d and λ rotating swivel diffractive optical element changes ιresulting light of different wavelengths is deflected at different angles δforming the output optical signals. Below are covered in more detail specific parameters embodiments of the chief who these diffractive optical element 12.

There are three output devices 14, 16 and 18 adapted for receiving diffracted output optical signals λ1 and λ2, which are indicated by the positions 20 and 22, respectively. When installing the rotary diffractive optical element 12 in the first position, as shown in figure 1, output devices 14 and 16 receive the output optical signals 20 and 22. Figure 2 shows a rotatable diffraction optical element 12, is rotated into the second position when the direction of rotation lies in a plane parallel to the rotary diffractive optical element 12. In this second position, the angle at which deviate the optical signals due to diffraction, has changed, and now the output optical signals to the output devices 16 and 18. Thus, by rotating the rotary diffractive optical element 12, it is possible to switch the optical signal (signals) between multiple output devices. Output devices 14, 16 and 18 shown in figure 1 and 2 represent the optical fiber, however, the output device (s) may be any device capable of detecting an optical signal (sensor), or transfer it. System for switching of light coming from a source between the three output devices illustrates a simple version of the implementation methods for the and according to the invention. As will be shown below, the simplicity of the method facilitates the distribution of optical signals from a source between multiple output devices. There is a conventional lens Assembly for focusing the optical signal (signal), for example, as shown by the positions 24, 26 and 28 in figure 1 and 2. The design needed to build this unit, known to experts in the art and therefore not described here.

Figure 3 illustrates the method according to the present invention as applied to the demultiplexing when the input optical signal 10 (signals) from the source is on the optical fiber 30. The input optical signals λ1, λ2, λ3 and λ4 transmitted along the fiber 30 is directed to rotary diffractive optical element 12, which retains the same designation. Output devices 32, 34, 36 and 38 are designed to receive the generated output optical signals λ1, λ2, λ3 and λ4, respectively, which are indicated by the positions 40, 42, 44 and 46, respectively. It is shown that rotating the diffraction optical element 12 can be rotated between the three provisions: 58, 60 and 62. Output devices, i.e. the optical fibers 32, 34, 36 and 38 are the same as the output device (s) in figure 1, but can also be connected to any other device capable of detecting or before the AMB optical signal. Similarly, for focusing optical signals includes a lens unit in the form of lenses 50, 52, 54 and 56. Similarly, the block 48 lens focuses the optical signal (signals)coming from the fiber 30, the turning of the diffraction optical element 12. The design needed to build this unit, known to experts in the art and therefore not described here.

In table I illustrates the distribution of the input optical signals λ1, λ2, λ3 and λ4 between the four output devices 32, 34, 36 and 38 depending on three different angular positions of the rotary diffractive optical element 12, shown in figure 3.

When the rotary diffractive optical element 12 is in the first position 58, the signal λ1 directed to the output device 34,the signal λ 2 - in output device 36, and a signal λ3 - in output device 38. In the device 32 is not giving any output optical signal. When the rotary diffractive optical element 12 is in the second position 60 shown in figure 3, the optical signals λ1, λ2, λ3 and λ4 enter output devices 32, 34, 36 and 38, respectively. When the rotary diffractive optical element 12 is in the third position 62, the output device 32 receives the signal λ2, the output device 34 receives the signal λ3, and the output device 36 receives the signal λ4. In the device 38 is not giving any output optical signal. The rotation of the diffraction optical element 12 in other provisions leads to other combinations of the distribution of output optical signals between the output devices. It is clear that the number of output optical signals and the number of output devices depicted in the drawings is merely illustrative, since in the framework of the present invention can be used more or less their number.

Figure 4 shows another embodiment of the present invention in a conventional application, related to multiplexing. Source 10 represents the total output of the four blocks 70, 72, 74 and 76 of laser diodes. The lens unit in the form of the INZ 78, 80, 82, 84 and 86 directs light from the source 10 to the surface of the rotary diffractive optical element 12. Output devices 88 and 90 are designed to receive diffracted output optical signals 92 and 94. In the previous drawings (Fig.1-3) each output device took only the output optical signal. However, as shown in figure 4, the output device can take a number of output optical signals. The lens unit composed of lenses 96 and 98, determines the spectral range of output optical signals, which will be sent to output devices 88 and 90, respectively. And here the rotation of the diffraction optical element 12 allows to distribute rejected due to diffraction optical output signals 92 and 94 between the lenses 96 and 98.

Figure 5 presents a three-dimensional image of a switch made according to the present invention, in which all possible combinations of the three input optical signals are routed to three output lines, and each combination corresponds to a different position rotary diffractive optical element 12. The source 10 has three input optical signal λ1, λ2 and λ3. These optical signals are directed to rotary diffractive optical element 12, which is located below the source is 10 and parallel to it. The number of input signals again selected only for illustrative purposes and not to limit the scope of the invention.

Optical connectors for receiving diffracted output optical signals spatially located on the surface of the hemisphere 116. Output devices 110, 112 and 114 are located on the lines of equal latitude hemisphere 116. Four optical connector are located along the line of latitude at each output device 110, 112 and 114. The signal of the same wavelength is deflected by diffraction to all optical connectors located on this line of latitude. For example, the output device 110 with optical connectors 130, 132, 134 and 136 receives the output dragirovaniya optical signal λ1. The output device 112 with optical connectors 138, 140, 142 and 144 receives the output optical signal λ2. The output device 114 with the optical connectors 146, 148, 150 and 152 receives the output optical signal λ3. Wavelength λ3 more than λ2, which in turn more than λ1.

Although here it is shown that the output devices are lines of equal latitude to ensure efficiency, the experts it is clear that the output device can be located on non-parallel latitudes, if only located there optical connectors do not overlap. In addition, there was Asano, output device (s) located on the surface of the hemisphere, however, this configuration is illustrative and does not limit the scope of the present invention. The location of the output device (s) relative to the rotary diffractive optical element can conform to any desired configuration.

All optical connectors output devices are connected to the output optical fiber or cable using a conventional adder (not shown) of optical signals. If there are n output fibers must be n adders, i.e. one for each output device. In the example shown in figure 5, n=3. For example, the adder connects optical connectors 130, 132, 134 and 136 of the output device 110 with the first optical fiber. Another adder connects the connectors 138, 140, 142 and 144 with the second optical fiber. Finally, the connectors 146, 148, 150 and 152 connected together and connected to the third optical fiber.

Figure 6 shows a top view of the optical connector shown in figure 5. The elements 6 are denoted by the same positions as in figure 5. Turning diffractive optical element 12 can be rotated in eight positions shown by the positions 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, 166 and 168. At each position signals with different wavelengths will be rejected to the optical with the denitely, located on lines of equal longitude (field 116, figure 5). Note that the axis of rotation of the diffraction optical element 12 is perpendicular to the plane of the diffraction grating. When the rotary diffractive optical element 12 is in position 154, the output optical signal is not sent in any of the optical connector. At position 156 of the output optical signal λ3 will be accepted by the output device 114. In the output devices 110 and 112, the signals will not arrive. If turning the diffraction optical element 12 is in the third position 158, the output optical signal λ1 will go to the output device 110 via the optical connector 134, and output devices 112 and 114 of the optical signals are not received, and so on for all 8 positions.

Table II shows the combination of optical signals for each of the eight provisions rotary diffractive optical element 12.

When the direction of n input optical signals from a source 10 to the n output devices for the realization of all possible combinations of n signals must be n·2ⁿoptical connectors. Each of the n adders performs 2^n-1optical connections. Resolution rotary diffractive optical element 12, i.e. the number of its angular positions, must be 360°/2ⁿ.

When using the system depicted in figure 5, for multiplexing combiners are used to combine signals coming from the output of optical connectors, each of the eight provisions. For example, one adder combines optical connectors 132, 144 and 150. Thus, in the optical fiber would be optical signals λ1, λ2 and λ3. Another adder combines optical connectors 130 and 138. When this optical signals λ1 and λ2 would in other optical fiber, etc. In the application related to the multiplexing of the required quantities of the adders is equal to 2 ⁿ.

Thus, the present invention includes the direction of the output optical signal (signals) to one or more output devices by changing the effective period (step) of the diffraction optical element by rotation. In one embodiment, the present invention rotary diffractive optical element 12 includes a diffraction grating on a thin film associated with the energy source to move this film. Such movement changes the effective step of the diffraction grating on the film. Diffraction grating or a hologram for the formation of such gratings can be made by stamping on a thin film. The film may be PVDF or any other piezoelectric film, which is under the influence of the electric field is slightly deformed. Diffraction grating or hologram, embossed on a thin film, turns about a point of rotation located anywhere on a thin film. This point may be located, for example, in any of its ends or at the center of gravity. The source of energy for moving the thin film can be any electromagnetic design. One of these structures includes a combination of coils, which may be current, or more coils, and the thin film, and all this con is traccia can be rotated relative to the center. Below the film or on its sides have magnets, so that when the coil current flows, creates a magnetic flux, and a film with a diffraction grating is rotated about the rotation axis. Such constructions are described in detail in U.S. patent No. 5613022, which is included in the present description by reference.

On figa shows a top view of one embodiment of a rotary diffractive optical element 12 with an improved design of rolling magnet. There is a holographic diffraction grating 182. Diffraction grating 182 attached to the magnetic element, which is a permanent magnet (184 figv). Diffraction grating 182 may be physically attached to the magnet 184, or, alternatively, a diffraction grating magnet 182 and 184 may be separately attached to the additional element of their connection. Magnet 184 lies on the axis 186, which is made of a ferromagnetic material and therefore attracts the magnet 184 and holds it in place, allowing the rotations about this axis 186. Near the axis 186, or as part of, or in connection with it, is a current-carrying wire 188, which is connected with the field effect transistor 190. Essentially, the magnet 184 and the coil 188 is located in the magnetic interaction with each other.

When the wire 188 current flow creates a magnetic paragraph is Le, which acts on the magnet 184. Since the magnet 184 is not stationary, the force created by the current in the wire 188, causes the magnet 184 and an associated diffraction grating 182 to rotate about the axis 186. The direction of rotation of the magnet 184 and its associated diffraction grating relative to the hinge 186 depends on the direction of the magnetic field created by the magnet 184, and the current direction, the current in the wire 188. Changing the direction of the current in the wire 188 reverses the direction of the generated force that causes the magnet to rotate in the opposite direction. To prevent exposure to fields from external sources, there is a magnetic screen 192. This screen can be performed, for example, of steel SAE 1010. As it is clear to experts in the art of the possible alternative constructions of pairs consisting of a magnet 184 and coil 188, designed for moving magnet. Several illustrative configurations are described in detail below.

Stops 194 and 196 to prevent the rotation of the magnet 184 for the desired limits. To show the limiter 194, part of the magnet 184 on the drawing cut. The limiter 194 may include a capacitive probe or sensor (not shown), for example, containing aluminized Mylar (Mylar®), which is located below the magnet 184 and indicates the position of the magnet 184. When m is gnit is moved to a desired position, it is held in place with magnetic fields surrounding the ferromagnetic pins 198 and 200. These pins magnet 184 can be held in place with a small current through the wire 188 or even in the absence of current.

On FIGU shows a side view of the rotary diffractive optical element depicted in FIGU showing the connection of the above elements to the circuit Board. Stored symbols is shown in figure 1. Printed circuit Board 202 is grounded plane 204 and the bus 206 is a positive voltage. Field-effect transistor 190 are sequentially connected to the conductor 188, the grounding connector 208 and the connector 210 positive voltage (Fig 1), which are connected to the ground reference plane 204 and the bus 206 is a positive voltage, respectively. Similarly, the capacitive sensor located on a bracket 194 is connected to the ground plane 204 at point 211 and bus 206 positive voltage at point 212. The connection elements to the circuit Board is illustrative and does not limit the scope of the present invention, since the experts in the art it is clear that it is possible to use other schemas.

In addition to rotating the diffractive optical element, including managed foil or rotary magnets or coils, the present invention can be re lituano using one of the many embodiments of the rotary diffractive optical element 12 with a planar rotation. In each embodiment of the invention, turning on the diffraction optical element can be formed matrix of facets by using one diffraction grating with a constant period or matrix of diffraction gratings, each of which can have its own, different from others, period, and each element is a diffraction grating sensors may be located in close proximity to or at a distance from them, or you can use a matrix of holographic diffraction gratings, where the facet matrix superimposed on each other. When using a single diffraction grating, each facet corresponds to the angular position of the element that creates the observer matrix facets. If each facet of the matrix represents a single diffraction grating, veneers can be placed along or across a rotatable diffraction optical element 12 unevenly or evenly, however the location of each facet inside the matrix is known; for example, it can be stored in the microprocessor memory. Since the position of each facet in the matrix is known, rotary diffractive optical element can be rotated so that the input signal (signals) will go to the selected facet (facet). Thus form the desired output signal (SIG is Aly) and send them to the output device (s).

On Fig depicts a first embodiment of a rotatable diffraction optical element 12 with a planar rotation. Support 222a-222d protrude from the outer edge of the movable plate 220. To facilitate the movement of the plate 220 can be made essentially flat and round. Facet in the form of a diffraction grating with non-permanent or permanent period, for example, formed by using a photoresist (holographic diffraction grating), installed on the outer end of each support 222a-222d. Each facet provides diffraction wavelengths at different angles. When the light 228 from the optical source is projected onto the plate 220, it falls on the support 222d in accordance with the position of the plate 220, as shown in Fig, 228 and the light from the source dirigeret in accordance with the period of the grating installed on the end of the prop 222d. By corresponding rotation of the plate 220, a support s, 222b or a can be positioned so as to intercept the light from the source 228 to dragirovaniya different energy levels, in accordance with the periods of the respective diffraction gratings. It is clear that the swivel plate 220 may be used instead of rotating the diffraction optical element 12, shown in Fig.7.

The movement of the plate 220 may occur at least in two different ways. Plate 220 can be attached in the center 218 to the spindle of the stepper motor (not shown), which can be easily made with a resolution of 0.1' to rotate the plate 220 relative to the axis 218 and bringing each of the supports 222a-222d in such a position, which is provided by the interception of light 228 from the source. In addition, to rotate the plate 220 relative to the axis 218, this plate can be pivotally attached to the linear actuator. Alternatively, the plate 220 may have magnets that interact with the coil 224a-224d, which may be voltage, for turning the plate 220 relative to the center 218. Alternatively, the plate 220 may be coil, and one or more permanent magnets can be installed instead of the coils shown in Fig. Alternatively, the rotation plate 220 can be implemented using electrostatic forces. Specialists in the art it is obvious that rotation of the plate 220 can use a combination of these methods drive, as well as other ways of drive.

Figure 9 shows another embodiment of a rotatable diffraction optical element 12. Position 230 marked plate, generally similar to that shown in Fig. Plate 230 has an outer edge 232 and the end surface 234. In this embodiment, a matrix of facets located on the end surface 234, and not on the outer edge 232, as shown earlier, Instead of using the supports, each of which has a diffraction grating with a unique period matrix of the facets can be placed on the surface of the plate 230. In the simplest configuration, the plate 230 may contain one diffraction grating 236 with a constant period. When the rotation plate 230 in the direction of the eye 242 are rejected due to diffraction of different signals, each angular position of the rotatable diffraction optical element 12 represents some facet. Thus, the number of facets in the matrix is determined by the number (or many) of the regulations that may be adopted by rotating the diffraction optical element 12. Alternatively, on the surface of the plate 230 can accommodate a variety of diffraction gratings with the same or a different period) for the formation of matrix-facet rotating the diffraction optical element 12, and each element of the diffraction grating in the matrix can be located in close proximity to the other element or they may be spatially separated. Thus, when the plate 230 is rotated around its axis, such as axis 238, optical light source 240 is diffracted at different angles relative to the eye 242, depending on the position of the plate and a particular facet or from the period of the grating that is illuminated. The change of the effective period, d is the fractional lattice 236 easiest way to ensure using the above-described holographic diffraction grating. By turning the plate 230 with the lattice 236 one input signal can be divided into the number of output wavelengths, and the number of output wavelengths corresponds to the number of changes of the lattice period along the plate. Figure 9 shows that the plate 230 is circular, but can be selected plate of another form. Specialists in the art will understand that the shape of the plate can be selected to maximize the number of areas with changing the lattice period and the number of resulting output signals. The rotation plate 230 can be performed by use of electrostatic devices, linear actuator or stepper motor, as described previously in connection with Fig.

Preferably, the matrix of facets was formed on the surface of the plate 230 using a matrix of holographic diffraction gratings, where the matrix of facets is superimposed, and each facet has an angular or spatial offset relative to the others. Thus creating a holographic film that at a certain position of the plate 230 relative to the origin is generated and sent to the selected output device specific output signal. For example, if the plate 230 is turned on 2° relative to the original position 0°, incident light with the wavelength the wave λ 1 dirigeret and generates an output signal directed to the first output device. If you rotate the plate 230 in another position, for example on 9° relative to the original position, input λ1 dirigeret and generates an output signal directed to the second output device. For each rotary position of the diffraction optical element many facets can be simultaneously illuminated by a multitude of input signals for sending output signals to multiple output devices. The rotation plate 230 may be implemented as described above. When using any of these approaches, based on the rotation number of the output signals, which can be formed by rotating the diffraction optical element 12, a limited number of provisions, which can be rotated rotating the diffractive optical element.

Although the above described use of a rotary diffractive optical element, for moving the diffraction grating in the x-y-z, you can use any movable diffractive optical element. However, from the point of view of efficiency of rotating the diffractive optical element is preferred.

All of the above mentioned documents are incorporated into this description by reference.

1. The way to handle opt the economic signals, coming from their source, including:

(a) ensuring the availability of rolling diffractive optical element having a surface on which is located a holographic diffraction grating, comprising a matrix of facets, each of which includes a holographic diffraction grating (grating), which are superimposed and each of which has an angular offset with respect to the other,

(b) the direction of the input optical signal (signals), each of which is characterized by a specific wavelength, on specified movable diffractive optical element to generate an output signal (signal);

(C) ensuring the availability of one or more output devices

(g) moving the specified movable diffractive optical element for distributing the output optical signal (signals) between the specified output device.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable diffractive optical element is rotatable diffraction optical element.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable diffractive optical element includes a magnet attached to the specified holographic diffraction grating and which is in magnetic engagement with the coil, made with an option of passing through it current to move the specified magnet and the diffraction grating.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the rotary diffractive optical element contains a matrix of facets and each facet includes a diffraction grating (grating).

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the movable diffractive optical element is designed in the form of roaming in the selected position of the movable plate, which is specified matrix of facets, each of these facets comprises a support, on the outer surface of which there is a specified diffraction grating (grating).

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the movable plate is essentially flat and round plate having an outer edge and an axis, and these supports are located on the outer edge of said plate and the plate is able to rotate relative to the specified axis.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the said diffraction grating is a holographic diffraction gratings.

8. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the rotary diffractive optical element is designed as rotatable in a selected position of the rotary plate having a surface and outer edge, and on this surface is specified matrix facets representing a superimposed holographic diffraction grating (grating), each of which has the corner offset with respect to the other, which provide diffraction specified input signal (signals) with the formation of multiple output signals.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that said source is a laser diode (diodes).

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that said source is a fiber-optic cable (cables).

11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the specified output device (devices) is a fiber-optic cable (cables).

12. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the specified output device (devices) is the photodetector (photodetector).

13. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further includes:

(e) ensuring the availability of the first lens unit for focusing the input signal (signals)received from the specified source to the specified movable diffractive optical element; and

(e) ensuring the availability of the second lens unit for focusing the specified distributed output optical signal (signals)received from the specified movable diffractive optical element on the specified output device (devices).

14. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that it further includes:

(e) ensuring the availability of the first lens unit for focusing the input signal (signals)coming from the specified IP the student, on the specified rotary diffractive optical element; and

(e) ensuring the availability of the second lens unit for focusing the specified distributed output optical signal (signals)received from the specified rotary diffractive optical element on the specified output device (devices).

15. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further includes an optical summation of the signals of the selected output device (s) using adder (adders).

16. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the rotary diffractive optical element includes a holographic diffraction grating with a constant period and is the axis around which it can rotate to the number of output devices to generate a specified matrix of facets.

17. System for processing optical signals from their source, containing:

(a) the source of the input optical signal (signals), each of which is characterized by a specific wavelength;

(b) a movable diffractive optical element having a surface on which is located a holographic diffraction grating, comprising a matrix of facets, each of which includes a holographic diffraction grating (grating), which are superimposed and each of them is no angular offset with respect to the other, while specified movable diffractive optical element is placed so as to intercept the input optical signal (signals) for the formation and distribution of the output optical signal (signals), and

(C) output device (s)located so as to receive the output optical signal (signals) from the specified movable diffractive optical element.

18. System 17, characterized in that the movable diffractive optical element includes rotating the diffractive optical element.

19. System p, characterized in that the rotary diffractive optical element includes a magnet attached to it with a holographic diffraction grating in the magnetic interaction with the coil, is arranged to pass through it current to move the specified magnet and the diffraction grating.

20. System p, characterized in that the rotary diffractive optical element contains a matrix of facets and each element of this matrix contains a diffraction grating (grating).

21. The system according to claim 19, characterized in that the rotary diffractive optical element has moved to the selected position of the movable plate, which is the matrix of facets, each of these faceto which comprises a support, on the outer surface where the diffraction grating.

22. The system according to item 21, characterized in that the movable plate is essentially flat and round plate having an outer edge and an axis, and these supports are located on the outer edge of said plate, and this plate is able to rotate relative to the specified axis.

23. The system according to item 21, characterized in that the diffraction grating is a holographic diffraction grating.

24. System 17, characterized in that the said source includes a laser diode (diodes).

25. System 17, characterized in that the source comprises fiber optic cable (cables).

26. System 17, characterized in that the output device (s) contains an optical fibre (fiber).

27. System 17, characterized in that the output device (s) contains a photodetector (photodetector).

28. System 17, characterized in that it further comprises:

(g) a first lens unit for focusing the input signal (signals)received from the specified source to the specified movable diffractive optical element; and

(d) a second lens unit for focusing the specified distributed output optical signal (signals)received from the specified item is movable partition diffractive optical element, on the specified output device (devices).

29. System p, characterized in that it further comprises:

(g) a first lens unit for focusing the input signal (signals)received from the specified source to the specified rotating the diffractive optical element; and

(d) a second lens unit for focusing the specified distributed output optical signal (signals)received from the specified rotary diffractive optical element on the specified output device (devices).

30. The system of 17, wherein the selected output device (s) optically connected with the adder (adders).

31. System 17, characterized in that the movable diffractive optical element includes a holographic diffraction grating.

32. The method of processing an optical signal in which optical signals through fiber-optic cable (cables) or laser diode (diodes) as the input optical signals are allocated between the output device as the output optical signals, each of the output devices includes an optical connector (connectors)located to receive the output optical signals, and optical connectors allow the connection of their choice is in receipt of any combination of the output optical signals, characterized in that it includes:

(a) ensuring the availability of rolling diffractive optical element having a surface on which is located a holographic diffraction grating, comprising a matrix of facets, each of which includes a holographic diffraction grating (grating), which are superimposed and each of which has an angular offset with respect to the other,

(b) the direction of the input optical signal (signals) on a movable diffractive optical element for generating output signals, each of which is characterized by a specific wavelength, and

(C) moving the specified movable diffractive optical element for distributing the output optical signal (signals) between the specified output device.

33. The method according to p, characterized in that the said input optical signals multiplexers.

34. The method according to p, characterized in that the said input optical signals demultiplexer.

35. The method according to p, characterized in that the said input optical signals commute.

36. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, as specified movable diffractive optical element using a rotary diffractive optical element.

37. The method according to p, otlichuy is the, as the rotary diffractive optical element use roaming in the selected position of the movable plate, which is essentially flat and round plate having an outer edge and an axis, and these supports are located on the outer edge of said plate, and this plate is able to rotate relative to the specified axis.

38. The method according to clause 37, characterized in that it further includes:

(C) ensuring the availability of the first lens unit for focusing the input signals from the specified source to the specified rotating the diffractive optical element; and

(g) ensuring the availability of the second lens unit for focusing the specified distributed output optical signals from the specified rotary diffractive optical element on the specified output device.

39. The method according to p, characterized in that the rotary diffractive optical element includes a holographic diffraction grating with a constant period and is the axis around which can be rotated to distribute the output of optical signals between the specified output device.