|
Method of obtaining calcium polysulphide solutions Method of obtaining calcium polysulphide solutions from calcium hydroxide or oxide, hydrogen sulphide and elementary sulphur includes three stages: saturation of water, a water-alcohol or alcohol suspension of calcium hydroxide or oxide with hydrogen sulphide, mixing the calcium hydrosulphide solution or suspension with water, the water-alcohol or alcohol suspension of calcium hydroxide or oxide and mixing the calcium sulphide suspension with elemental sulphur. The first stage of the process is carried out in two successively located absorbing columns at a temperature of 5-70°C with a molar ratio of calcium hydroxide or oxide to hydrogen sulphide in the first absorption column from 1:1 to 1:3. The second stage of the process is carried out at a temperature of 5-40°C and a molar ratio of calcium hydroxide or oxide to calcium hydrosulphide from 1:1 to 1.2:1. The third stage of the process is carried out at a temperature of 5-40°C and a molar ratio of calcium sulphide to elemental sulphur from 1:1 to 1:5. |
|
|
Method of obtaining super-hard composite material Initial composition, consisting of the following components, wt %, is prepared: C-60 or C-70 fullerenes - 30-50; heat-conducting component - 10-60; binding agent - the remaining part. The heat-conducting component is selected from the group: wurtzide boron nitride, cubic boron nitride, diamond or their mixtures. The binding agent is selected from elements of the group IVa of the Periodic system or their alloy with copper. The heat-conducting element can be preliminarily covered with the binding agent. The obtained composition is subjected to impact of static pressure from 8 to 13 GPa with heating to 900-2000°C for not less than 20 seconds. A superhard composite material with heat-conductivity to 330 W/m·K, a ratio of microhardness to an elasticity coefficient 0.12 is obtained. |
|
|
Method of obtaining nanodisperse powders of boron nitride and titanium diboride Plasmochemical reactions are initiated by pulse microwave discharge, influencing initial reagents, as the latter used is a mixture of titanium and boron powders in a nitrogen atmosphere, as initial reagents used is a powder of amorphous boron with a particle size of 1 mcm-100 mcm and a titanium powder with a particle size of 1 mcm - 100 mcm, the used microwave discharge has the power from 50 kW to 500 kW and a pulse duration from 100·10-6 s to 100·10-3 s, the working pressure of nitrogen constitutes from 0.1 to 1 atmosphere. |
|
|
Method of mercury (ii) extraction from chloride solutions Method of mercury (II) extraction from chloride solutions includes extraction of mercury from a water phase into an organic component of a stratifying system water-antipyrine-organic acid. To provide quantitative concentration of mercury (II) in a hydrophobic melt of an organic phase of antipyrinum acetylsalicylate antipyrine and acetylsalicylic acid in a molar ratio 1:1 are used. In the course of the process heating on the water bath to a temperature of 90°C for 20-30 minutes, intensive shaking up and mixing are carried out. Sediment of the organic phase represents a mercury concentrate and can be used as an analytic sample. |
|
|
Method of obtaining mineral silicic water Invention relates to a method of obtaining mineral silicic water (MSW), intended for application for medical purposes. The method of obtaining includes hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane in the TEOS mixture: ethanol: water, acidified by HCl. Nanosol is obtained at a temperature of 55-65°C for 1.5 hours with evaporation of ethanol to the volume reduction by 1/3, then, dilution of the obtained nanosol with a physiological solution NaCl is carried out in 2 steps with equal portions of the physiological solution, preliminarily heated to 40-50 in a ratio of volumes of the initial nanosol: physiological solution 1:7 with 15-minute interval. After each dilution a temperature of the solution is kept in the range of 55-65°C. |
|
|
Method of purifying phosphate-fluoride concentrate of ree Invention relates to purification of a phosphate-fluoride concentrate of rare earth elements (REE), obtained in the complex apatite processing. A method of purification of the phosphate-fluoride concentrate of REE, which contains admixtures of calcium and thorium, includes processing of the concentrate with a solution of sulphuric acid with a concentration of 4-6 wt % in the presence of sulphoxide cationite. REE, admixtures of thorium and calcium are absorbed by sulphoxide cationite, transfer of fluorine together with phosphorus into the sulphuric acid solution, separation of the sulphuric acid solution from sulphoxide cationite, desorption from cationite of REE and admixtures of thorium and calcium with an ammonium salt solution with obtaining desorbate and its neutralisation with an ammonium compound in three stages. At the first stage neutralisation is carried out until pH 4.2-5.0 is achieved with formation and separation of a thorium-containing residue, at the second stage - until pH 7.0-7.5 is achieved with formation and separation of a concentrate of REE, and at the third stage - until pH not less than 8.5 is achieved with formation and separation of a calcium-containing residue. |
|
|
Method of obtaining elemental sulphur from sulphur dioxide-containing discharge gas Method includes concentration of sulphur dioxide, partial high-temperature reduction of the concentrated sulphur dioxide with concentrated hydrogen to sulphur, hydrogen sulphide and water, condensation of the formed sulphur vapour with output of a liquid medium into a sulphur collector. Then, processing of discharged technological gas by catalytic Claus-conversion, and following purification of the tail gas, which contains residual quantities of H2S, SO2, N2 and water vapours, is carried out. A part of flow of concentrated sulphur dioxide is diverted by a bypass line, skipping stages of high temperature reduction, condensation of sulphur and catalytic convention, and the discharged from a catalytic stage of Claus-conversion tail gas is introduced into a hydrogenation unit. Gas after hydrogenation, consisting of H2S, H2 and water vapours, is supplied into a condensation column for water separation. Dehydrated gas is mixed with a bypass flow of concentrated sulphur dioxide and a mixture is directed to an additional catalytic stage of Claus-conversion, residual gases after which are returned to the input of any catalytic stage, which precedes the hydrogenation unit. |
|
|
Production of uranium nitride powders Proposed method comprises heating of metal uranium in evacuated reaction vessel at residual pressure of 10-1-10-2 mmHg and 250-300°C with subsequent feed of hydrogen to 750-800 mmHg. Uranium hydration is performed for time interval defined by preset formula. Reaction vessel with produced uranium hydride powder is subjected to evacuation another time at 220°C to residual pressure in reaction vessel of 10-1-10-2 mmHg. Nitration of produced uranium hydride is made in nitrogen flow at 250-300°C Pressure in reaction vessel is adjusted from 1 to 800 mmHg depending upon the change in area of powder reaction surface. |
|
|
Invention may be used when producing carbon nanotubes and hydrogen. Microwave plasma converter comprises flow reactor 1 of radiotransparent heat-resistant material, filled with gas permeable electrically conductive material - catalyst 2 placed into the ultrahigh frequency waveguide 3 connected to the microwave electromagnetic radiation source 5, provided with microwave electromagnetic field concentrator, designed in the form of waveguide-coax junction (WCJ) 8 with hollow outer and inner conductors 9, forming discharge chamber 11 and secondary discharge system. Auxiliary discharge system is designed from N discharge devices 12, where N is greater than 1, arranged in a cross-sectional plane of discharge chamber 11 uniformly in circumferential direction. Longitudinal axes of discharge devices 12 are oriented tangentially with respect to the side surface of discharge chamber 11 in one direction. Nozzle 10 is made at outlet end of inner hollow conductor 9 of WCJ 8 coaxial. Each of discharge devices 12 is provided with individual gas pipeline 13 to supply plasma-supporting gas to discharge zone. |
|
|
Method of obtaining uranium dioxide Method of obtaining uranium dioxide consists in hydration of metal uranium at a temperature of 200-220°C, dehydration at a temperature of 470-500°C and oxidation at a temperature of 600-800°C in a flow of a mixture of hydrogen and water vapours in a ratio 40:1-1.2 (molar parts). |
|
|
Reactor for obtaining chlorine dioxide solution Reactor for obtaining a chlorine dioxide solution with three flow chambers, located successively in vertical, separated with partitions with through channels, with branch pieces for discharge of the chlorine dioxide water solution in the upper chamber and branch pieces for supply of reagents and discharge of a reaction solution in the lower one, with a possibility of placing nozzles, for instance, Raschig rings in the middle chamber. Chambers are of a round shape with changeable curvature of an internal surface, and their volume increases from the lower to the upper one. Partitions are made in the form of a surface of a directed downward cone with rims in the base, in which radial channels from an external edge to the centre are made. The lower partition, in comparison with the upper one, is characterised by a smaller diameter and larger height of rim, a larger length and area of section of radial channels with their smaller number. A tube for connection of the chamber to external environment is located on the reactor axis. Branch pieces for supply of reagents are located in the cone-shaped part of the lower chamber and are directed tangentially to each other with displacement relative to the chamber centre. |
|
|
Photocatalyst, method of its preparation and method of hydrogen obtaining Photocatalyst for obtaining hydrogen from a water solution of glycerol under impact of visible radiation with a composition: Pt/Cd1-xZnxS/ZnO/Zn(OH)2, where: x=0.5-0.9, a weight part of platinum constitutes 0.1-1%, is prepared from a mixture of solutions of cadmium and zinc salts, hydroxides of which are precipitated by addition of sodium hydroxide. After that, sulphidation of hydroxides with sodium sulphide is performed. The obtained sediment is dried at a temperature of 60-150°C, impregnated with a solution of H2PtCl6 in hydrochloric acid and reduced with NaBH4 solution. |
|
|
Method of obtaining zirconium nitride Method of obtaining zirconium nitride consists in carrying out self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of an exothermic mixture, which consists of zirconium oxide and an energy component, in the presence of a nitriding agent. Heat-treatment of intermediate products is performed by interrupting the process of burning in 20-90 seconds after initiation; an activating additive of yttrium oxide nanopowder is additionally introduced into the exothermic mixture; zirconium nanopowder is used as the energy component. The size of zirconium oxide particles is 500-1000 times smaller than the size of zirconium particles, with the following component ratio, wt %: energy component - 60-100, zirconium oxide - 0-40, activating additive (introduced over 100%) - 1-3. |
|
|
Method of determining angle of misorientation of diamond crystallites in diamond composite Invention can be used in the field of elaboration of diamond-based materials for magnetic therapy, quantum optics and medicine. A method of determining an angle of misorientation of diamond crystallites in a diamond composite includes placement of the diamond composite into a resonator of an electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer, measurement of EPR spectrums of nitrogen-vacancy NV-defect in the diamond composite with different orientations of the diamond composite relative to the external magnetic field, comparison of the obtained dependences of EPR lines with the calculated positions of EPR lines of NV-defect in the diamond monocrystal in the magnetic field, determined by the calculation. After that, the angle of misorientation of the diamond crystallites is determined by an increase of width of EPR line in the diamond composite in comparison with the width of EPR line in the diamond monocrystal. |
|
|
Silica gel-based catalyst carriers Invention relates to the field of catalysis. Described are spherical particles, containing at least one oxide of a metal and/or a semimetal, with particles having an average diameter from 10 to 120 mcm, BET surface from 400 to 800 m2/g and a volume of pores from 0.3 to 3.0 cm3/g, and a particle diameter in any place deviates from the average diameter of this particle by less than 10%, the surface of the particle is mainly smooth, as well as to a method of manufacturing these spherical particles, a catalyst in the form of particles, containing the spherical particles. Described is a method of obtaining the said particles and their application as catalysts or catalyst carriers. |
|
|
Invention relates to a method of obtaining silicon-dioxide-containing polyol dispersions, used to obtain polyurethane materials. Claimed is the method of obtaining silicate-containing polyols, which includes stages: (i) mixing water silica sol (K) with the average diameter of particles from 1 to 150 nm, content of silicic acid, calculated as SiO2, from 1 to 60 wt % and pH value from 1 to 6 depending on the used content of SiO2 and from 0.1 to 20-fold amount calculated per water of, at least, one organic solvent (L); (ii) mixing the obtained mixture with polyol; (iii) at least, partial distillation of an organic solvent (L) and water; (iv) mixing, at least, with one compound (S), which contains, at least, one at least once alkoxilated silyl group and, at least, one alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl substituent, which can contain heteroatoms, and the said substituent contains, if necessary, a group, reactionable with respect to alcohol, amine or isocyanate, in an amount from 0.1 to 30 mol % calculated per SiO2 content; (v) if necessary, bringing pH value of silicate-containing polyol to a value of 7 to 12 by addition of a strongly basic compound, and the stage (v) can be realised between stages (iii) and (iv). |
|
|
Method of synthesising monocrystalline iron selenides Invention can be used for laboratory and industrial production of monocrystalline materials. A method of synthesising tetragonal iron monoselenide includes heating a hermetic vial with a charge from selenium and iron placed in one of its ends and filled with a salt melt. The vial heating is performed with the temperature gradient from a value of 450°C-350°C from the side of the charge location to a temperature, reduced by 30°C-100°C from the opposite side. As the salt melt used are mixtures of eutectic composition, which includes aluminium chloride. Heating is performed for the time necessary for the transfer of the selenium and iron charge into the opposite end of the vial. |
|
|
Method for quality improvement of natural gas with high content of hydrogen sulphide Invention is related to a treatment method of natural gas with high content of hydrogen sulphide. The quality improvement method for superacid natural gas with a hydrogen sulphide content equal to or higher than 60 v% with hydrogen production includes the flowing stages: a) delivery of superacid natural gas to the reformer functioning at a temperature within the range of 900-1500°C and under atmospheric pressure or under pressure a little bit less than the atmospheric one, in order to produce a mixture consisting in essence of carbon disulphide (CS2) and hydrogen (H2); b) cooling of the reaction products, separation of carbon disulphide from the remaining reaction mixture containing hydrogen and extraction of hydrogen; c) combustion of carbon disulphide with acid-containing gas at high temperature in order to produce a gas mixture consisting in essence of CO2 and SO2; d) delivery of at least a part of hot gases formed in result of carbon disulphide combustion to the reforming stage as a heat source to maintain the endothermic reaction at the stage (a); and e) delivery of gaseous products of carbon disulphide combustion with products received at the stage (d) as intermediate products for downstream chemical synthesis or for their removal by means of injection to specific geologic structures. |
|
|
Method of producing compositions containing ammonium nitrate double salts Invention can be used in chemical industry. The method of producing ammonium nitrate-sulphate involves preparing solid ammonium sulphate and a mixture containing ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate and water, wherein the ratio of ammonium sulphate to ammonium nitrate is less than 0.5. Curing of the product containing an ammonium nitrate-sulphate double salt in ratio of 1:2 from the solid ammonium sulphate and the mixture is carried out while cooling at least part of the mixture at a rate of less than about 100°C/min. The amount of water in the mixture during curing is at least 0.5 wt % per total weight of ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate and water in the mixture. |
|
|
Aqueous dispersion of silanised silica Invention can be used in paint industry. The method of producing an aqueous dispersion of silanised colloidal particles of silica in an aqueous medium involves mixing a) at least one silane compound with epoxy functionality, b) at least one silane compound without epoxy functionality, capable of modifying colloidal particles of silica, and c) colloidal particles of silica to form an aqueous dispersion of silanised colloidal particles of silica containing silane compounds from a) and b). The weight ratio of a) and b) to silica ranges from about 0.01 to 1.5. |
|
|
Method of processing nitrate salts Aluminium and alkali metal nitrate salts are processed by evaporating the nitrate salt solution to salt concentration of 45-55 wt %, thermal hydrolysis of aluminium nitrate with conversion thereof to aluminium hydroxide with a boehmite structure in an autoclave to degree of deposit of aluminium of 98% in an equimolar mixture of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate at temperature of 220-250°C and pressure of 0.6 MPa while feeding jet steam into the autoclave. Sodium and potassium nitrate salts are leached from the obtained pulp and then separated from the aluminium hydroxide residue. |
|
|
Invention relates to PCD diamond to be used in production of water-jet ejectors, engraving cutters for intaglio, scribers, diamond cutters and scribing rollers. PCD diamond is produced by conversion and sintering of carbon material of graphite-like laminar structure at superhigh pressure of up to 12-25 GPa and 1800-2600°C without addition of sintering additive of catalyst. Note here that sintered diamond grains that make this PCD diamond feature size over 50 nm and less than 2500 nm and purity of 99% or higher. Diamond features grain diameter D90 making (grain mean size plus grain mean size × 0.9) or less and hardness of 100 GPa or higher. |
|
|
Method of producing highly pure cadmium carbonate Method of producing highly pure cadmium carbonate involves treating aqueous cadmium nitrate solution, purified in advance, with aqueous ammonia solution, followed by carbonisation of the intermediate product - cadmium ammoniate - with carbon dioxide gas and separating the end product, wherein 15-30% aqueous cadmium nitrate solution is treated with 25-30% aqueous ammonia solution with volume ratio of ammonia solution to cadmium nitrate solution of (0.62-0.65):1. Carbonisation is carried out by passing carbon dioxide gas through the reaction mass at a rate of 0.10-0.28 l/min. The separated cadmium carbonate precipitate is washed with distilled water and dried at 100-110°C. |
|
|
Method of producing nanostructured metal oxide coatings Method comprises preparing an alcohol solution of β-diketonates of one or more p-, d- or f-metals with concentration 0.001h2 mol/l; heating the solution to 368-523 K and holding at said temperature for 10-360 minutes to form a metal alkoxo-β-diketonate solution; depositing the obtained solution in droplets at the centre of a substrate being rotated at a rate of 100-16000 rpm, or immersing the substrate into said solution at a rate of 0.1-1000 mm/min at an angle of 0-60° to the vertical; holding the substrate with a film of the alkoxo-β-diketonate solution at 77-523 K until mass loss ceases, to form xerogel on the surface of the substrate; crystallising oxide from the xerogel at 573-1773 K. |
|
|
Method of producing hydrogen from water Invention can be used in chemical industry and when producing fixed and mobile fuel sources. Iron oxide is reduced by thermolysis while heating with an inert gas to obtain oxygen at temperature higher than 1200°C and pressure higher than 0.1 MPa. Iron is then oxidised with a stream of steam which is heated by the inert gas in a container which is alternately filled with the hot inert gas and the steam. Absorption or membrane separation or electrochemical separation is used to separate hydrogen as an end product from the steam of stream, as well as oxygen from the stream of inert gas. The cycle for oxidising and reducing iron oxide is carried out in parallel switched sections connected via inert gas and steam. |
|
|
Method of producing water with low content of deuterium Method involves electrolysis of distilled water in an electrolysis cell to obtain deuterium-impoverished hydrogen on a gas-diffusion hydrogen cathode of the electrolysis cell, drying the obtained electrolysis gases, feeding the dried gases into a catalytic isotope exchange column to enrich hydrogen with deuterium and impoverish hydrogen with steam by feeding steam into the column from a steam generator which is supplied with distilled water from a feeder. The deuterium-rich hydrogen is fed by counterflow with steam for further ionisation, and the steam-impoverished hydrogen is fed into a condenser for steam condensation and further mineralisation of the deuterium-impoverished water. |
|
|
Apparatus for oxidising sulphur dioxide Apparatus has an air blower (1), a furnace (7) for burning sulphur-containing material, an exhaust-heat boiler (6) with evaporation elements, a contact apparatus (3) with five catalyst beds, two steam superheaters (4), (5), a gas-air heat exchanger (2) and an economiser (8). The second steam superheater (5) is connected to the gas stream output after the second catalyst bed of the contact apparatus (3) and the input of the third catalyst bed. The input of the gas-air heat exchanger (2) is connected via a gas passage to the output of the third catalyst bed. The output of the fourth catalyst bed of the contact apparatus (3) is connected to a compressor. The output of the fifth catalyst bed is connected to the economiser (8). Water enters the economiser from a feed unit (9). |
|
|
Method of purification of raw sodium dicyanamide Invention can be used in chemistry of nitrogen-containing compounds and for synthesis of medications and colorants. A method of purification of raw sodium dicyanamide includes processing of a product, which contains sodium cyanate as a main admixture, with water solution of ammonium chloride in equimolar quantity. |
|
|
Method for preparing nanodiamonds with methane pyrolysis in electric field Invention may be used in medicine in producing preparations for a postoperative supporting therapy. What is involved is the high-temperature decomposition of methane on silicone or nickel substrate under pressure of 10-30 tor and a temperature of 1050-1150°C. The heating is conducted by passing the electric current through a carbon foil, cloth, felt or a structural graphite plate whereon the substrates are arranged. An analogous plate whereon a displacement potential from an external source is sent is placed above the specified plate. Nanodiamonds of 4 nm to 10 nm in size are deposited on the substrates. |
|
|
Uzm-45 alumosilicate zeolite, method of obtaining thereof and processes with application thereof Novel family of alumosilicate zeolites designated UZM-45 have been synthesised. The said zeolites are represented by empirical formula M m n + R r p + A l − x E x S i y O z , where M represents alkali, alkali earth or rare earth metal, such as lithium, potassium and barium, R represents an organoammonium cation, such as choline or a diethyldimethylammonium cation, and E represents a network former, such as gallium. |
|
|
Production of aluminium-bearing cake Invention can be used in nonferrous metallurgy for production of alumina. Aluminium-bearing cake is produced by sintering of charge from nepheline ore, limestone and return products at 1250-1300°C. Said cake is cooled to 1000°C at the rate of not over 14°C/min sufficient for segregation of impurities in the grain of dicalcium silicate that facilitates the formation of maximum amount of its β-modification. |
|
|
Extraction separation of zirconium and hafnium Invention relates to hydrometallurgy of zirconium and hafnium. Proposed method comprises total extraction of zirconium and hafnium from initial solution nitrate using the tribytilphosphate solution in hydrocarbon diluent. Then, they are separated at decrease in acidity with extraction of zirconium from hafnium re-extract by return extragent with combination of both extracts in the flow and weak-acid zirconium re-extraction with subsequent recovery of extragent. After total extraction, combined extract is flushed with nitric acid solution with concentration equal to nitric acid content in initial solution. Then, hafnium re-extraction is performed. Now, a portion of hafnium re-extract flow is returned back to cycle start for it to be fed along with initial solution at preset acidity while other portion is directed to additional extraction of zirconium. |
|
|
Invention relates to a porous carbon composite material. The porous carbon composite material is formed of (A) a porous carbon material, obtained from a material of plant origin, with content of silicon (Si) constituting 5 wt % or higher, as an initial material, and the said porous carbon material has content of silicon constituting 1 wt % or lower, and (B) a functional material, fixed on the porous carbon material, and has specific surface area of 10 m2/g and larger, which is determined by nitrogen adsorption by BET method, and pore volume 0.1 cm3/g or larger, which is determined by BJH method and MP method. The obtained carbon material can be used, for instance, as a medical adsorbent, a composite photocatalytic material, a medication carrier, an agent, a supporting medication release, for selective adsorption of undesired substances in an organism, a filling for blood purification columns, a water-purifying adsorbent, an adsorbing sheet. |
|
|
Complex processing of martite-hydrohematite ore Proposed process comprises ore screening, magnetic separation to obtain magnetic and nonmagnetic fractions, grinding, hydraulic classification, thickening and drying. Martite ore is first subjected to screening with separation to three size classes, i.e. coarse, intermediate and fine. Coarse class is directed to sensory separation to obtain tails and concentrate to be additionally ground and screened to intermediate and fine classes. Intermediate class is conveyed to metallurgical processing while fine class is subjected to pelletising. Hydrohematite ore is first subjected to screening with separation to three size classes, i.e. coarse, intermediate and fine. Coarse class is directed to sensory separation to obtain tails and concentrate to be additionally ground and screened to intermediate and fine classes. Intermediate class is conveyed to metallurgical processing. Portion of fine class is directed for pelletising while another portion is directed to magnetic separation, its magnetic fraction is fed for pelletising. Nonmagnetic fraction is ground with mixing by grinding medium and directed to hydraulic classification of the first stage. Classification sands are returned to the mill. Sink is fed to second stage of classification, its sink being used as 3rd grade pigment after thickening and drying. Sands of second classification are fed to second stage of grinding with mixing by grinding medium. Product ground at second stage is subjected to 3rd stage hydraulic classification, its sands being dried and used as 2nd grade pigment. Thereafter, sink is thickened, dried and used as 1st grade pigment. |
|
|
Method of obtaining synthesis-gas Invention relates to the field of chemistry. A gaseous mixture of air or oxygen with water vapour is prepared in a mixer by supply of the mixture components along the axis of the mixer, representing a cylindrical channel, separated with partitions. Hydrocarbon gas is passed through a chamber cooling system, heating it and simultaneously cooling the chamber reaction zone; the obtained vapour-oxygen oxidiser is mixed with heated hydrocarbon gas by step-by-step introduction of the vapour-oxygen oxidiser into the hydrocarbon gas flow. The formed reaction mixture is heated by a heat-exchange with obtained synthesis gas in the reactor output, with simultaneous cooling of synthesis gas. Partial oxidation is carried out in a combustion chamber, equipped with inserts that form an internal passage, providing pass of a coolant from the case cooling tract. |
|
|
Production of metal-carbon-bearing bodies Invention relates to production of metal-carbon-bearing bodies. Said bodies include ferromagnetic metal particles encapsulated with graphite carbon plies. This method comprises impregnation of cellulose, cellulose-like or carbohydrate boy or bodies produced by hydrothermal treatment with aqueous solution of at least one metal compound. Said metal or metals are selected from ferromagnetic metals or alloys. Then, impregnated bodies are subjected to thermal carbonisation by heating said bodies in inert atmosphere deprived, practically of oxygen at temperature over about 700°C. Now, the portion of at least one metal compound is reduced to appropriate metal or metal alloy. |
|
|
Gas desulphurisation procedure Gas desulfurisation procedure includes preliminary mixing of the treated gas with separator gas balance. The obtained gas mixture is separated at low temperature but in any way not lower than the ice point or gas hydrate formation point, with recovery of sulphur water slurry. The desulfurisation takes place with obtainment of the treated gas and hydrogen sulphide-containing gas. The mixture of hydrogen sulphide-containing gas with a part of separator gas and acid-containing gas with mole ratio of oxygen: hydrogen of 0.35÷0.45 is fed for oxidation. Oxidation products are mixed with a part of sulphur water slurry and the mixture is separated at temperature of 125÷135°C with recovery of liquid sulphur and separator gas. |
|
|
Method and device for obtaining hydrogen from water Invention relates to the field of chemistry. A reactor 1 for hydrogen obtaining contains a case 2, a branch piece 10 for water supply, a branch piece 11 for hydrogen output and a branch piece 12 for removal of products of water oxidation reaction. A container 6 with a metal 9, installed on insulators 8, is placed inside the reactor 1. An electric input 5 is connected to the high-voltage output 13 of the Tesla transformer 14. A low-voltage winding 15 of the Tesla transformer 14 together with a capacity 16 form a successive resonance contour, connected to a high-frequency power source 17. When potential from the high-voltage output 13 of the Tesla transformer 14 is supplied to the metal 9, plasma high-frequency discharges, destroying a film of oxides on the surface of the metal, occur, and reaction of water oxidation of the metal-containing substance with water takes place with release of hydrogen. |
|
|
Method of obtaining hydrogen and hydrogen-methane mixture Invention can be used in the chemical industry. A method of obtaining a hydrogen-methane mixture includes application of two parallel flows, which contain lower alkanes, as a source of raw material. The first flow is directed to partial oxidation with oxygen containing gas. Products of the first flow oxidation are supplied to cooling by means of the second flow heating, and after that, to catalytic conversion of carbon monoxide. After that, hydrogen is separated from the first flow. The second flow is mixed with water vapour and successively passed through a series of successive stages, each of which includes heating in a heat exchanger due to discharge of heat from the process of the partial first flow oxidation, and then through an adiabatic conversion reactor, filled with a catalyst filling. Products of the second flow conversion after separation of water vapour are mixed due to ejection with hydrogen, discharged from the first flow. |
|
|
Method of converting solar energy into chemical and its accumulation in hydrogen-containing products Invention can be used in the chemical industry, in systems producing fuel for transport and in stationary power plants. A method of conversion of solar energy into chemical and its accumulation in hydrogen-containing products includes production of a biomass with application of solar energy, which is subjected to reaction of vapour-oxygen catalytic conversion with obtaining reaction products, containing hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The obtained products are supplied into high temperature electrochemical process to obtain synthesis-gas and oxygen. The obtained synthesis gas is used to obtain hydrocarbons on catalysts in the Fischer-Tropsch process, with oxygen being returned to the beginning of the process for conversion. As a working body used is water, which being heated with synthesis gas is evaporated under pressure in the range from 0.1 to 7.0 MPa and directed to a turbine to produce mechanical and/or electric energy for a heating agent. |
|
|
Invention can be used in production of paper, paints and plastics. A method of obtaining calcium carbonate with a surface subjected to reaction processing in water medium includes a) supply of at least one type of ground natural calcium carbonate (GNCC); b) supply of at least one water-soluble acid; c) supply of gaseous CO2; d) contact of the said GNCC with the said acid and CO2. The said acid of stage b) has pKa higher than 2.5 and lower or equal to 7, measured at 20°C, connected with ionisation of the first available hydrogen, and respective anion, formed with a loss of the said first available hydrogen, capable of forming water-soluble calcium salts. After the contact of the said acid with GNCC supplied is at least one water-soluble salt, which has pKa higher than 7, measured at 20°C, connected with ionisation of the first available hydrogen. The salt anion is capable of forming water-insoluble calcium salts, with cation of the said water-soluble salt being selected from the group, consisting of potassium, sodium, lithium and their mixtures. The anion of the said water-soluble salt is selected from the group, consisting of phosphate, dihydrophosphate, monohydrophosphate, oxalate, silicate, their mixtures and hydrates. |
|
|
Method of obtaining precipitated calcium carbonate Invention can be used in the chemical industry. A method of obtaining a precipitated calcium carbonate product includes the following stages: (a) formation of a water suspension of precipitated calcium carbonate grains by carbonisation of Ca(OH)2 suspension in the presence of 0.005-0.03 mol Sr in the form of Sr(OH)2 per mol of Ca(OH)2 and (b) formation of the water suspension of the precipitated calcium carbonate product by carbonisation of Ca(OH)2 slurry in the presence of 0.5-5% of dry weight of the precipitated calcium carbonate grains. The precipitated calcium carbonate grains have D50, which is lower than D50 of the precipitated calcium carbonate product. The precipitated calcium carbonate grains also have a content of aragonite polymorph higher or equal to its content in the precipitated product - calcium carbonate. |
|
|
Polymer nanocomposite with controlled anisotropy of carbon nanotubes and method of obtaining thereof Invention relates to the field of polymer materials science and can be used in aviation, aerospace, motor transport and electronic industries. Nanotubes are obtained by a method of pyrolytic gas-phase precipitation in a magnetic field from carbon-containing gases with application of metals-catalysts in the form of a nanodisperse ferromagnetic powder, with the nanotubes being attached with their butt ends to ferromagnetic nanoparticles of metals-catalysts. Magnetic separation of the powder particles with grown on them nanotubes, used in obtaining a polymer-based composite material, is carried out. After filling with a polymer, a constant magnetic field is applied until solidification of the polymer takes place. The material contains carbon nanofibres and/or a gas-absorbing sorbent, for instance, silica gel, and/or siliporite, and/or polysorb as a filling agent. |
|
|
Method of purifying non-modified montmorillonite-based bentonite Method of purifying non-modified montmorillonite-based bentonite includes primary preparation of raw material, which includes sieving bentonite powder obtained from a open pit, primarily consisting of montmorillonite, from coarse mechanical inclusions, dispersing the bentonite powder in an aqueous medium using a high-speed colloidal mill, further chemical treatment in containers with overhead mixers, treatment in a system of hydrocyclone apparatus and vibratory sieves, treatment in a high-speed drum-type centrifuge, treatment in drying modules and grinding the finished product - non-modified pure montmorillonite-based bentonite or treatment in drying modules and grinding the finished product with preliminary further chemical treatment of pure bentonite in a Z-shaped mixer equipped with an evacuation module. Treatment of the bentonite powder is carried via cation-exchange reactions using phosphates, e.g. sodium phosphate and sodium polyphosphates such as sodium tripolyphosphate, which is a trimer of an orthophosphoric acid salt Na5P3O10. |
|
|
Method of preparing titanium oxide photocatalyst active in visible spectrum Method involves sensitising titanium dioxide by adding an activating additive (organic dyes and coloured coordination compounds). The additive is added to the reaction mixture during synthesis of titanium dioxide via hydrolysis of solvated titanyl sulphate at a coagulation step simultaneously with a coagulant. |
|
|
Method of producing ammonium bisulphate Invention relates to a method of producing ammonium bisulphate and can be used in chemical engineering of inorganic substances. The method involves continuously feeding ammonium sulphate into molten ammonium bisulphate in which ammonium sulphate melts and thermally decomposes at temperature of 230-360°C. The obtained ammonia and ammonium bisulphate are continuously removed from the furnace space. |
|
|
Method of producing lithium titanate Invention can be used in making lithium cells used in rechargeable batteries. Lithium titanate of formula Li4Ti5O12-x, where 0<x<0.02, is obtained by preparing a mixture of titanium oxide and a lithium-based component, wherein the lithium-based component and titanium oxide are present in the obtained mixture in amounts required to provide atomic ratio of lithium to titanium of 0.8. The lithium-based component includes lithium carbonate powder and lithium hydroxide powder. The obtained mixture is used as a calcination precursor. Further, the mixture is sintered in a gaseous atmosphere containing a reducing agent to form lithium titanate. The sintering step causes a solid-phase reaction between the lithium carbonate powder and titanium oxide and a liquid-solid-phase reaction between lithium hydroxide powder and titanium oxide. |
|
 |
Production of silicon with the use of aluminium subchloride Proposed method comprises reduction of silicon from vapours of silicon compounds with chlorine or silicon with chlorine and hydrogen at mixing of said vapours with vapours of lower aluminium chlorides at 1000-1250°C in transfer gas flow. Said gas represents the mix of hydrogen with argon or the mix of hydrogen with helium containing 2-20 molar parts of hydrogen per one part of silicon compounds vapours. Note here that aluminium lower chlorides of required purity are produced from aluminium metal of 99.0-99.8% purity and gaseous aluminium trichloride or hydrogen chloride or chlorine by multiple reiteration of sublimation and decomposition of formed lower aluminium chlorides. Note also that precipitated silicon crystals are subjected to heat treatment at above 577°C and less than 1400°C, processed by hydrochloric acid and subjected to refining remelting. |
 |
Method of obtaining high purity corundum Method of corundum obtaining includes water preparation and regulated dosing of water and aluminium into mixer, heating of high pressure reactor to temperature 200-400°C, regulated supply of powder-like aluminium suspension in water from mixer by means of regulated high pressure pump into high pressure reactor, spraying suspension in reactor by means of spray nozzles, separation of steam-water mixture from boehmite, accumulation and drying of boehmite, with boehmite being additionally separated, after which it is supplied into heat chamber, where it is dried in the range of temperatures from 50 to 200°C for 1-5 h, after which it is supplied into muffle furnace, where crystallisation water is extracted from it in the range of temperatures from 400 to 1200°C for 3-10 h, and product formed in muffle furnace is then charged into vacuum furnace with further thermal processing in the range of temperatures 900-1900°C for 3-8 h. |
 |
Technology and device for obtaining synthesis gas from biomass by pyrolysis To obtain synthesis-gas from biomass performed is preliminary processing of biomass, including biomass crushing until particles with size 1-6 mm are obtained and drying raw material to moisture 10-20 wt %. After that, pyrolysis of biomass is carried out by means of fast pyrolysis technology, with temperature of pyrolysis layer being 400-600°C, and time of location of gaseous phase on pyrolysis layer being 0.5-5 s. Product of pyrolysis layer is pyrolysis gas and coal powder. Pyrolysis gas is separated from coal powder and solid heat carrier by means of cyclone separator. After that, coal powder and solid heat carrier are separated in separator to separate solid phases, coal powder is charged into coal powder bin for accumulation, solid heat carrier is heated in chamber of boiling layer heating and solid heat carrier is supplied to pyrolysis layer for re-use. After that, pyrolysis gas is supplied to condensate accumulator to condense aerosol and condensation of condensable part of pyrolysis gas is carried out to form bio-oil, after that formed bio-oil is pumped by high pressure oil pump and supplied to gasification furnace for gasification. One part of non-condensed pyrolysis gas is supplied on combustion layer for combustion with air, and the other part of non-condensed pyrolysis gas is supplied on pyrolysis layer as fluidising medium. |
Another patent 2513649.