Road structure |
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IPC classes for russian patent Road structure (RU 2516408):
Compound for road surface dressing / 2505638
Compound for road surface dressing includes oil sludge and flue ash cenospheres of central heating and power plants with the following ratio of wt, %: oil sludge - 20-80; flue ash cenospheres - 80-20.
 Flexible strengthening tape used to reinforce soil structures / 2503778
Flexible strengthening tape substantially with permanent thickness "e" is designed for use in reinforced soil structures comprises a central part, made of a polymer matrix reinforced with fibres, the specified section stretches longitudinally to withstand the stretching force, and also at least one side section of alternating width, comprising multiple segments arranged continuously along the central section.
Method for stabilisation of soil or foundation / 2503768
Method consists in treatment of the latter by a stabiliser containing latex polymer, which is applied mixed with water. Treatment of soil or foundation is carried out by introduction of the stabiliser by means of a cutter by the cutting method as the stabiliser is mixed with ground or foundation. The latex polymer is represented by latexes from the group that includes sterol-butadiene latex, (meth)acrylate latex, ethylene-vinyl acetate latex, ethylene/propylene latex, ethylene/propylene-dimer latex, butadiene-acrylonitrile latex, silicon latex, polybutadiene latex, latex from natural rubber or mixture of two or several of the specified latexes. The stabiliser additionally comprises a thickener based on cellulose, a defoaming agent selected from the group including silicons, glycol ethers, natural fats or oils and fatty alcohols, and also at least one chloride or at least one hydroxide of alkaline or earth metal, besides, the stabiliser has the following composition (wt %); 0.1 - 50 latex polymer, 0.05 - 5 thickener, up to 5 defoaming agent, 0.01 - 10 chloride or hydroxide of alkaline or earth metal, residue to 100 - water.
Method to erect road surfacing / 2495181
Method to erect road surfacing includes grinding of soil - road base, introduction of a binder into the ground soil, compaction of the produced mixture and soaking of the compacted mixture on air under natural conditions. The soil is ground for the depth of 10-30 cm, the aqueous solution of 0.12-0.30% technical lignosulfonate is introduced into the ground soil by means of watering with the solution volume of 3-6 l/m2 of the soil surface, the moistened soil is compacted by a mechanised roller with weight of 25-40 t in 10-15 stages, soaking of the compacted mixture on air at 18-25°C for 3-5 days until soil moisture of 7-9%. Then hydraulic protection is arranged in the form of a double-layer asphalt concrete coating: the first layer with thickness of 7-8 cm from asphalt concrete with crushed stone content of not more than 40% is compacted with a smooth drum roller with weight of 10-18 t (8-10 stages), the second layer from asphalt sand concrete with thickness of 5-8 cm with subsequent compaction with a smooth drum roller with weight of 10-18 t (8-10 stages).
 Method to construct and strengthen motor roads / 2493315
Method to construct and strengthen motor roads includes development of a multi-layer heterogeneous structure of a road surface by means of preparation of an underlying surface: installation of reinforcement in the road bed, pouring of concrete onto reinforcement, cover with the road mesh, fixation of the road mesh and the reinforcement, covering with asphalt concrete. The underlying surface is tilled with a plough with a plough point, harrowed, stubble is removed, the earth bed of the road surface is compacted, the earth bed of the road surface is profiled along tracks and at the edges of the road surface, the tracks are rolled by depth, which is more by at least 30% than the common thickness of the concrete layer of the surface, and at the edges of the road surface a rolled strip is arranged with depth for the half of the common thickness of the concrete layer of the surface. Then reinforcement is laid into track and edge strips of grooves in the earth bed of the road surface. Afterwards the reinforcement is placed on top along the entire width of the road surface and is fixed to reinforcement in track and edge grooves, concrete is poured, afterwards onto loops of the installed reinforcement that protrude above the concrete by 2/3 of the asphalt concrete layer thickness the road mesh is fixed, then porous asphalt concrete is laid onto the road mesh, rolled with light rollers, sealed with penetrating hydrophobic compounds, and high-strength and wear-resistant asphalt concrete is laid.
 Method to construct motor roads and motor road design / 2492290
Method to construct motor roads includes erection of trenches and water drainage devices, preparation of a soil earth bed, erection of an underlying layer and a road surface, at the same time the main layer is arranged between the underlying layer and the road surface, and the soil earth bed is prepared by its levelling with coating by a binding additive and its further rolling, and if there is no soil earth bed, it is previously formed by means of application of a mixture of sand, ash slags and/or wastes of coal production, water and a binding additive, and the underlying layer is formed from a mixture of cement, sand, filler of fine fraction or clay or fine gravel, or wastes of heat power plants, water, binding additive, which is laid, levelled and compacted, then the binding additive is either sprayed or sprinkled, with further compaction of needle rollers to density of at least 1600 kg/m3, and the main layer of the road surface is formed from natural gravel, sand and/or sand clays, stabilisers in the form of cement, and/or lime, and/or bitumen, and/or asphalt concrete and binding additive. Also motor road design is described.
Method to erect road pavement of highways / 2489543
Method to erect a road pavement of highways provides for installation of a geogrid on the prepared road surface, its filling with a filler and asphalting. The filler is a mixture made of oil slurry and microspheres with cracks of flue ash from a TPP. The ratio of the components is as follows, wt %: oil slurry - 60÷80; cenospheres - 40÷20. The height of the geogrid and size of its cells is selected depending on mixture consistency, climatic conditions and condition of road surface base.
 Method to control heat insulation of swamp beds of ice roads before flattening / 2488657
Method to control heat insulation of swamp beds of ice roads before flattening, including filling of the ice road bed with the heat-conductive layer. The specified layer is snow mass, which is shovelled into rolls from the swamp surface that surrounds the ice road base, and then from the formed rolls it is thrown onto the ice road bed until the required thickness of 20-50 cm is achieved for the appropriate heat insulation.
 Device for preparation of foundations of ice roads on dried swamps / 2487210
Device comprises mobile facilities, where equipment is installed for realisation of the process of ice road foundations moistening on dried swamps. On the first mobile facility there is a power plant with a fuel reservoir and a pump for water intake from pre-drilled wells equipped with heat insulated casing pipes with a thread. The pump is connected with an accumulator-heater by means of a hose, the drum for which is arranged on the second mobile facility. The hose is connected with combs - distributors for distribution of water installed on the third mobile facility.
 Mechanised method to lay geosynthetic materials (geotextile and volume grating) into road structure / 2476634
Geomaterials - geotextile and volume grating are stretched onto an area of an earth bed prepared for development with a traction force of a special road machine. Geomaterials are taken from those available on the machine or on upkeep device platforms coupled with it. Besides, the volume grating is installed above geotextile and transformed into a cellular volume structure, which at the start section is fixed to soil with several time anchor stands. Then it is immediately filled, levelled and compacted to avoid displacement with a material specified by the project (sand, sand and gravel mixture, crushed stone, etc.) from the one available on the machine or a hopper coupled with it.
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FIELD: construction. SUBSTANCE: road structure comprises an earth bed, a road surface with an underlying layer, sides, a longitudinal drainage system filled with crushed stone of fraction 20-40 and arranged in the body of the earth bed along the axis of the road, and water drainage outlets. The base in the fill of the earth bed under the road surface is made according to geometry of the triangular stiff core from strong easily compacted grainy materials with draining properties. EFFECT: restoration of high transport-operation characteristics of motor roads for a long period of time, increased bearing capacity of a road surface with provision of passage of motor transport with high loads at an axis and with exclusion of road closing for winter-spring period. 3 cl, 6 dwg
The invention relates to the field of construction and can be widely used in the construction of the subgrade of roads and Railways, runways of airdromes used in areas of deep seasonal freezing of soils and high groundwater level, and when the device base slab under bessling foundations of buildings and structures. There is a construction of the subgrade, including for its device application of granular materials: crushed stone, sand and gravel, slag and napocensia soils manual for design of road pavements with non-rigid type. M.: Transport, 1985, p.12). For the construction of the subgrade is applied layer-by-layer distribution and soil compaction throughout the cross section. Soil compaction should be close to the ultimate strength of the soil. When insufficient contact pressure required density cannot be achieved, and if excessive pressures occur phenomena of disintegration: the wave generation, squeezing ground in hand (Gromyshev NV Technology and organization of construction of roads. M.: Transport, 1992, p.36). It is also known the basis of road and airfield pavements, including compacted soil placed in the shell of the soil, fortified cementitious materials is (and. St. No. 601343, E01C 3/04), as well as the design of the pavement with the device broadening in the form of a trapezoid stone pillows roadway (patent RU No. 2394959, E01C 3/04). Closest to the invention is suitable for road construction, including pavements, drainage layer, subgrade, the upper part of which is enclosed in a waterproof holder (patent RU №2035536, E01C 3/06). The disadvantage of this reason is that the device is its time-consuming, involves the use of expensive materials, sophisticated construction technology, and is made without regard to the formation of compacted hard core under the road surface (Tsitovich N.A. soil Mechanics. M.: Higher school, 1979, pp.109-130). Therefore, the road base subgrade is in phase further seal and does not meet the maximum bearing capacity of the soil, allows for significant drawdown during the operation. The aim of the invention is to achieve the maximum bearing capacity of the subgrade, the reduced drawdown during operation, creating an optimal water thermal regime of subgrade and pavement. This goal is achieved by constructing the subgrade with the device compacted hard core triangular shape under the road surface from durable legkoobratimy granular Mat is rials, as well as crushed stone, sand and gravel, slag and narcisistic soils with draining properties, taking into account φ-angle of internal friction of Foundation soil of the mound and With the coupling of a ground base of the mound. The difference in shape of the graph, in this case sand and clay (with the ability to clutch), due to their properties (Figure 3, Figure 4). The maximum shear stresses obtained at the time of destruction (shift ground). Depending on geological conditions and applied soil at the base of the mound, hard core, you may find the underlying geotextile material or sealing layer of polyethylene film. Geotextile material or plastic film stacked with the coils overlap 30-40 cm in cross section are sewn or glued or welded together and are used to provide water drainage from the base of the roadway provided in the longitudinal drainage system with transverse drainage area drains, as well as to redistribute the transfer of load from the compact core at the base of the road. The essence of the invention consists in the following: when the construction of the road base, where the upper soil layer is more than good (malosimeynyy), that is, E1- modulus of the soil top layer is more E2- is odule the soil deformation of the lower layer the plot of δ under the center of gravity of the road surface is depth to fade faster (minimum sediment). Conversely, if the upper soil layer is weaker (with a low value of the modulus of deformation), the plot of δ under the center of gravity of the road surface is depth to fade slower, and hence the sediment at this ground will be more. Thus, the construction of the subgrade with the device under the road surface hard kernel of durable materials in the zone of maximum stress, will help ensure minimal drawdown. Change plot vertical compressive stresses depending on the deformability of the underlying layer is shown in (Figure 5). Depth (m) shallow arrange the hard core in the subgrade the subgrade is determined by the width of pavement of the roadway, φ is the angle of internal friction of the soil and With the grip of the soil. More than With the grip of the soil, the less the depth (H1) laid hard core (6). The proposed road design arrange in a mound in the following way. First remove the upper vegetative layer with soil compaction, then by the method of layer-by-layer distribution and compaction of soil over the entire cross-section of the stack base 1 of the local soil blizraspolozhennykh ditches or reserves. The height is determined by the longitudinal about the ilem roads, taking into account the geometry of the compacted hard core 2 for used land base cloth soils. Then, in the wedge of compacted hard core, arranged longitudinal drainage 3 with transverse drainage outlets 4 and the drainage trays embankment 5 in the area of water reservoirs. When this transverse drainage outlets 4 are arranged with a slope of not less than 2%, which provides a flow of water from the drainage system of the subgrade. Further sealing the dumping grounds of the subgrade is made using traditional methods with regards to the construction of a triangular hard kernel of durable legkoobratimy granular materials, as well as crushed stone, sand and gravel, slag and narcisistic soils with draining properties to the design elevation. Then gets crushed stone pillow roadway 6-layer asphalt concrete pavement 7. Depending on geological conditions and applied soil at the base of the mound, hard core, you may find the underlying geotextile material or sealing layer of polyethylene film 8 (Fig 1). For a device of the land works in the excavation works are carried out first by the development of soil excavation 1 base, then developed the soil taking into account the geometry of the triangular hard cores 2 and placed in the subgrade of the road 3. Then, in the wedge of compacted hard core arranged longitudinal drainage 3 with transverse drainage outlets 4I drainage trays embankment 5 in the area of water reservoirs. Further sealing the dumping grounds of the subgrade is made the traditional way and method "from themselves", taking into account the triangular device hard kernel of durable legkoobratimy granular materials, as well as crushed stone, sand and gravel, slag and narcisistic soils with draining properties to the design elevation. Then gets crushed stone pillow roadway 6-layer asphalt concrete pavement 7. Depending on geological conditions and applied soil at the base of the mound, hard core, you may find the underlying geotextile material or sealing layer of polyethylene film 8 (Figure 2). This road construction is as follows: in the area directly below the road surface is formed of a triangular wedge hard core of compacted soil. With the formation of his Foundation subgrade has the greatest bearing capacity, works as a single unit, and the pressure from it is transferred to the sides of the mound. This road design allows the diversion of water from the base of the roadbed through the drainage system into the storm drains, which excludes the occurrence of the storm. In the proposed design can improve the strength of the base subgrade, to reduce Prasad and during the operation. High strength and frost resistance of the proposed road construction due to the fact that moisture in the process of construction or operation in the area of the triangular hard core arranged from draining compacted soil will be featured in the drainage system, and from the side slopes of the mound - the natural way. Therefore, the soil moisture content during the entire period of service of road construction will not exceed the optimal value. The application of the proposed road design allows you to: to restore high transport and operational characteristics of roads for a long period of time; to reduce subsequent operating costs; to increase the carrying capacity (elastic modulus) of the pavement, which provides pass road transport with large axle loads and eliminate the closure of roads in the winter-spring period. The proposed road construction is recommended for roads and Railways, runways of airdromes, and areas of profound seasonal groundwater level. 1. Road construction, including the roadbed, road clothing with the underlying layer, the curb, the longitudinal drainage system, filled with gravel fraction 20-40 and located in the body of the subgrade VD is l the axis of the road, and drainage issues, characterized in that the base of the embankment subgrade under pavement made of triangular geometry of the hard core of durable legkoobratimy granular materials with draining properties. 2. Road construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the triangular wedge of hard core arranged in the longitudinal drainage cross drainage outlets in places scoops. 3. Road construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the base of the subgrade under the triangular wedge of hard core, to improve the strength characteristics and moisture-covered roll of geotextile material or polyethylene film.
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