Three-stage method of electrical switching. RU patent 2520069.

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: electrical switching is made by a vacuum circuit-breaker by means of three-stage contact breaking of the vacuum circuit-breaker. The maximum contact breaking rate is set for the first stage, at the second stage the breaking rate is decreased by at least five times and at the third stage the contact breaking rate is increased by at least twice. Duration of the first stage is set to 5-6 ms, duration of the second stage is set to 10-12 ms, and the third stage lasts till completion of the contacts travel.

EFFECT: reducing probability of repeated breakdown of the circuit-breaker gap under impact of recovery voltage.

3 dwg

IPC classes for russian patent Three-stage method of electrical switching. RU patent 2520069. (RU 2520069):

H01H33/66 - Vacuum switches

Another patents in same IPC classes:

Feed line circuit breaker with vacuum switching chamber / 2518193
Circuit-breaker includes a parallel branch (4) with coupled vacuum chamber (6) for current switching. The branch does not function in normal conditions, at that current passes through it only when the circuit-breaker (2) starts its breaking action due to increase of current transfer from the main power line (1) to the branch (4). Thus the vacuum switching chamber (6) remains at rest in normal operating conditions.

Vacuum circuit breaker with terminal clamps rigidly fixed to buses at both sides / 2516337
Vacuum circuit breaker contains a vacuum chamber (2) with a switch contact consisting of a fixed contact element that is in contact with a terminal clamp (11) of the fixed contact, as well as a movable contact element and a drive unit (7). A switching mechanism (4) is connected to a drive unit (7) and the movable contact element. Connective means in contact position connect electrically a terminal clamp (13) of the movable contact with the movable contact element. The connective means have a screw terminal (16, 17) consisting of an input screw terminal element (16) connected to an electroconductive section of the switching mechanism (4) and the matching screw terminal element (17) connected rigidly to the vacuum chamber (2) and electrically to the terminal clamp (13), which are located so that the input screw terminal element (16) in result of a driven motion is clamped with the electroconductive section by the matching screw terminal element (17).

Vacuum switching lamp / 2510094
Invention relates to a vacuum switching lamp (1) with a body, which has two sections (16, 17) of the body from insulating material that are placed and made symmetrically relative to the middle plane (S). Each of both sections (16, 17) of the body from insulating material includes several parts (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14) of the body from insulating material. A part (9, 12) of the body from insulating material of each section of the body from insulating material placed most distantly from the middle plane (S), has length (L1), which is more than the length (L2, L3) of other parts (10, 11, 13, 14) of the body from insulating material.

Contact for vacuum interrupter / 2508575
Contact for a vacuum interrupter includes many cutouts passing to outer peripheral surface from many positions distanced relatively from the centre of contact surface; lug formed between a pair of adjacent cut-outs so that to minimise mechanical fragility of the part with small width in the lug inducing arc rotation. Each part of cut-out contains the following: the first end part closed and adjacent to the centre; the second end part open and adjacent to outer peripheral surface; the first part of cut-out passing linear from the first end part; and the second part of cut-out passing linear to the second end part bending from the first part of cut-out at the specified angle which is larger or equal to 30 degrees and is smaller or equal to 60 degrees. Distance from the first peripheral surface of the central recessed part of contact to the first part of cut-out is equal to the specified first distance which is more than zero and less or equal to 5 mm.

Vacuum interrupter for vacuum circuit breaker / 2507624
Attracting element is provided, made from ferromagnetic material, to form a space between a fixed electrode and a movable electrode to attract a radial magnetic field generated in radial direction between a fixed electrode and a movable electrode by means of an attracting element. On the outer circumferential surface of the isolated container there is a support groove formed in a stepwise manner to support an attracting element inserted in it, in the axial direction, which is a direction for movement of a movable electrode. Height of the attracting element in the axial direction is not less than the maximum distance between the fixed electrode and the mobile electrode. At the same time a component of the radial magnetic field in a common horizontal direction between a fixed electrode and a mobile electrode may be increased.

Direct action drive motor / 2505877
Direct action drive motor is designed to turn a vacuum switch on and off. The drive has an electric motor which, directly or through a reducing gear, rotates a cam in form of a disc which has areas with a narrow and high profile, as well as a disconnection spring, a mechanical latch and a lever mechanism, the levers of which are connected to movable contacts of vacuum arc-quenching chambers and with the disconnection spring, and which performs swinging movements between on and off positions. One of the levers is attached to a roller on which the cam presses with an area with a high profile during its rotation and when performing the turn-on operation. The lever mechanism can be held in an on position by the mechanical latch. The turn-on operation involves coiling the disconnection spring and the turn-off operation occurs upon triggering the mechanical latch and turning the lever mechanism under the action of the recoiled disconnection spring in the off position. The lateral surface of the cam has a protrusion, and the lever mechanism has an additional arm which, during rotation in the on position, interacts with the protrusion and stops rotation of the cam in a position when its area with a narrow profile lies opposite the roller.

Method for training of contact gap for vacuum circuit breakers by high voltage / 2504857
Training method is implemented by direct-current high voltage feeding to complete gap between contacts in stages starting from 0.3-0.5 of rated operating voltage. Simultaneously permanent magnet field is created along direction of the gap and its intensity value is increased smoothly from zero up to prebreakdown current moment of about 0.6-0.8 of breakdown current at test voltage. The gap is hold at set voltage equal to 2-3 times of prebreakdown current measured at the beginning till drop, at the first training stage. Magnet field intensity is decreased up to zero and the next stage of training voltage is set. Value of field intensity is increased again from zero up to prebreakdown current available at the first stage. The above cycle is repeated at the next stages. At the last stage training voltage is set as 1.2-1.5 times bigger than testing voltage. The process is repeated at reverse polarity of high voltage applied to the gap and reverse direction of permanent magnet field.

Flexible shunt for vacuum circuit breaker / 2504855
Flexible shunt is designed to provide a pathway between movable electrode segment and terminal of the main circuit in vacuum circuit breaker. Flexible shunt contains a pair of conductive plates. Each plate contains the following: connecting area of clamp configured as a flat conductive element connected to clamp; connecting area of terminal segment configured as a flat conductive element connected to terminal segment; flexible arched area capable to connect connecting area of clamp to connecting area of terminal segment. Flexible arched area is configured in the medium part of each conductive plate so that it can protrude outside before installation of a flexible shunt in vacuum circuit breaker.

Medium voltage switchgear cell / 2501136
Medium voltage switchgear cell is made so that it can be installed between two parts of electric circuit in order to implement at least functions of current passing between these parts, current interruption between these parts, circuit decoupling and grounding. The cell contains switch (or automatic circuit breaker) (1) with vacuum breaking technology which also performs a function of disconnecting switch and selector (2) connected in-series to switch (or automatic circuit breaker) (1). Selector (2) has at least two positions respectively: current flow position and grounding position for one of circuit parts. Switch (or automatic circuit breaker) (1) is connected electrically from line side to bus and from load side to selector (2), which is connected electrically from load side with at least one cable or bus. The cell can be in three positions: closed, open and grounded positions respectively.

Vacuum dead-tank circuit breaker / 2498439
Vacuum dead-tank circuit-breaker contains at least one gas-filled tank with a hollow insulator inside thus forming a sealed chamber and vacuum arc-quenching chamber (VAQC) consisting of insulator with two flanges, at that one flange is connected hermetically to the first flange of the hollow insulator. Inside VAQC insulator there are moving and fixed contacts and bellows connected hermetically to the flange of VAQC insulator; insulation traction is connected to the moving contact; it passes through VAQC bellows and moving unit of the hollow insulator. At that the second flange of the hollow insulator is connected hermetically to gas-filled tank of the circuit-breaker.

On-off mechanism for high-voltage vacuum switch / 2246776
Proposed ON-OFF mechanism has energy carrier, leverage for motion transfer from energy carrier to output shaft, and tripping mechanism with release lever. Leverage has lever arm, control rod, and dead center crossing kinematic link whose common articulated joint couples it through control rod to leverage arm. First and second members of kinematic link are hinged to output shaft lever and to release lever.

High-voltage vacuum load switch / 2247439
Proposed vacuum switch has support insulators in each phase, vacuum arc-control chamber and its contacts disconnecting gear, as well as main movable and fixed contacts, and movable breaking contact. Movable contacts are intercoupled. In addition switch is provided with shaft incorporating leverage for transferring rotary motion from operating mechanism. Vacuum arc-control chamber is installed on main fixed contact. Disconnecting gear has contact roller engageable with shaped pushrod secured on movable breaking contact. Profile of pushrod surface is formed by two circle arcs with center disposed on axis of revolution of breaking contact.

High-voltage vacuum switch / 2249873
Vacuum switch includes vacuum arc extinguishing chamber, control mechanism, tie rod and two electric-current leads. Three insulation struts are mounted vertically in such a way that they form spatial triangle. Each strut includes two insulators arranged vertically along height and made of epoxy-resin compound; mounting members. Vacuum arc extinguishing chamber is arranged inside triangle formed by said insulation struts. Stationary contact of vacuum arc extinguishing chamber is secured to plate of electrically conducting material that rests upon three upper insulators and serves as upper current supply lead of switch. Between upper and lower insulators there is plate that rests upon lower insulators. Said plate is made of electric- insulation material and it carries lower current supply lead of switch; said lead is coupled through flexible connection with movable contact.

Vacuum switch / 2249874
Vacuum switch includes phase modules mounted on metallic base in which are arranged: drive units with magnetic latch, timing and locking shafts, contact units. Phase modules have supporting insulators in which are arranged: vacuum chambers, contact terminal units and linkage insulators. Shapes of linkage insulator and stationary insulation tubular fragment provide labyrinth air gap between contact terminal units and base; it increases electrical strength of gap. When switch is operated, elastic electrically conducting helices roll out in annular gap between terminal and sleeve of movable contact and it provides multi-point high-conductivity contact.

Insulating link / 2251172
Proposed insulating link has insulating rod and embedded part designed for installation of insulating links. This conical embedded part is reducing in diameter along insulating rod axis toward its center. Embedded part has several conical sections forming stepped profile along insulating rod axis and reducing in diameter along the latter toward its center. Outer surface of insulating rod is ribbed.

High-voltage vacuum switch / 2260868
Proposed high-voltage vacuum switch incorporating electromagnetic control system with polarizing permanent magnet for holding movable contact in two extreme positions upon deenergizing electromagnet control windings has corrugation on each of lateral parts of additional flexible contact in center or closer to contacting point, top of this corrugation being brought to pin contact up to stop. When released, distance between tops of corrugations on lateral parts of additional contact is at least shorter than diameter of pin contact and corrugation bending line is disposed at same level and perpendicular to longitudinal axis of movable pin contact. Proposed switch may be found useful for heavy-power stationary mobile and airborne electrical and radio equipment where low power requirement and easy control of components are essential.

Multipole heavy-current low-voltage vacuum circuit breaker / 2265254
Proposed multipole heavy-current low-voltage vacuum circuit breaker has housing, mainly three vacuum arc-control chambers disposed in same plane, pressure springs, making electromagnet with pusher, breaking electromagnet, disconnecting spring, spring-loaded latch, shaft rigidly coupled with levers for fixing movable-contact rods of vacuum arc-control chambers, leverage incorporating spring, and trip-free mechanism; leverage is made in the form of spatial hinged-lever mechanism whose first link is rigidly coupled with shaft whose extension carries pin-mounted connecting rod; other pin of connecting rod is perpendicular to first one and functions to couple connecting rod with remaining links disposed in same plane; trip-free mechanism and making electromagnet axis are disposed in same plane which is parallel with location plane of vacuum arc-control chambers and is disposed in front of them. Second design alternate of circuit breaker has flat section of leverage incorporating second-order lever whose short arm is coupled with connecting rod through pin and long one is coupled with link whose other end is hinged to trip-free mechanism; spring-loaded latch is provided with two relatively perpendicular ledges, each ledge being parallel with butt-end of making electromagnet pusher, and link axis forms acute angle with this ledge. Third design alternate is characterized in that trip-free mechanism has disconnecting lever, link hinged to leverage, and shaft provided with slot; this shaft is mounted for turning and is provided with rod and force adjuster; shaft rod is coupled with breaking electromagnet armature, spring, and force adjuster; disconnecting lever is installed for resting on shaft and for passing through shaft slot whose width is not smaller than lever thickness and whose depth ensures lever turning with shaft turn and its passage through slot.

Vacuum contactor / 2273072
Proposed vacuum contactor has insulating case, vacuum arc-control chambers, electromagnetic operating mechanism, disconnecting spring, articulated joint, and insulating rotary lever that mounts plate with hole to pass movable current lead rod and hold-down spring. Articulated joint is disposed in space between movable current lead and rotary lever; hold-down spring abuts against stop on one end and against plate with hole affording easy movement of rod along its axis, on other end.

Vacuum switch / 2275708
Proposed vacuum switch characterized in in-line disposition of three phases has upper current lead and lower current lead parallel to the latter; current leads of extreme phases are turned in different directions relative to intermediate-phase current leads through definite angle.

Vacuum contactor / 2276424
Proposed vacuum contactor has insulating case, electromagnetic operating mechanism, vacuum arc-control chamber coupled through movable current lead and insulating swivel lever with electromagnetic operating mechanism armature, and disconnecting spring. Insulating case is provided with jumpers disposed in clearance between electromagnetic operating mechanism and current leads of mentioned chamber to form opening for heat transfer. Contactor incorporates provision for reducing thermocyclic impacts on insulator-metal junction of chamber liable to cause its destruction.