Electromagnetic device with reversible generator and motor operation

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electrical engineering. The electromagnetic device has a stator and a rotor rotating between facing surfaces of the stator and bearing a plurality of magnets distributed at regular intervals along its periphery. The magnets are arranged such that they form a sequence of alternately opposite poles on the surfaces of the rotor directed towards the stator, and the stator comprises two sets of independently supported magnetic yokes located at both sides of the rotor in front of the magnets. The magnetic yokes have two axially oriented arms, the end surfaces of which, when the rotor is in a fixed state, at least partly face a pair of successive magnets on a same surface of the rotor.

EFFECT: high efficiency of the device and providing maximum operational flexibility by adjusting and optimising the position of the stator and the rotor.

25 cl, 28 dwg

The technical field

The present invention relates to an electromagnetic device made with the possibility of reversible work as a generator and motor, that is, the device is configured to convert the kinetic energy into electrical energy and Vice versa.

Prior art

In many industries there is often a need to establish a reversible electric machine system that includes a rotating element, so that depending on the operating conditions of the system in which you install the machine, you have the option of either using the movement of such element to generate electrical energy to power the other components of the system, or to feed this machine electrical energy to bring the rotating element during the rotation.

General requirements for such machines, especially for applications in vehicles, such as a ground vehicle or aircraft, are compactness and lightness, and cheapness.

An example of a machine of this type is known from the document US 6832486. This document disclosed a reversible electric machine for aviation applications connected to the turbine aircraft engine to generate electrical energy for a variety of purposes due to the use of the rotation of the turbine or on the contrary, to start the engine. The rotor of the machine is formed of magnetized facing radially outward ends of the blades of the blade ring in the turbine. Ring stator inside which moves the rotor with coils. In one embodiment, the stator consists of a continuous ring or a set of separate u-shaped elements and defines a channel within which the rotor is spinning. In this case, the coils are wound on opposite extensions of the stator and facing to both poles of the same magnet.

The disadvantage of this known technical solution is that the width of the channel defined between the protruding outward continuations of the ring stator or a separate u-shaped cores is fixed and cannot be less than some minimum value, which also depends on the thickness of the rotor and the need to compensate for possible fluctuations of the rotor. Thus, for a given stator and a given rotor air gap between the stator and the magnets is also fixed and cannot be less than some value. Therefore, it is impossible to regulate and optimize the position of the stator and rotor in order to obtain maximum efficiency and maximum operating flexibility.

In the document US 5514923 disclosed a reversible electric machine, to the which you can use as a flywheel which has two rotor disc, equipped with magnets located symmetrically with respect to the stator, bearing many coils are offset from the magnets. In this case, two magnets are used to induce an electric field in the coil between them. The magnetic circuit is not closed, and this entails a large loss of energy and leads to strong electromagnetic interference.

In the document BE 867436 disclosed an electrical device having a rotor containing two aluminum disk, United steel ring and bearing each set of magnets distributed over equal intervals on its periphery. The rotor rotates between the two plates of the stator, each of which carries a ring of U-shaped magnetic yokes with axially directed shoulders (machine with exposed poles), with each yoke facing to a pair of magnets in the rotor disc and the magnets are installed - in the direction of the yokes in the form of a sequence of alternating opposite poles. This machine is not reversible and only works as a synchronous motor. Moreover, the air gap between the rotor and the stator is fixed, so that considerations are given on this subject in connection with the document US 6832486, is applicable to this device. Additionally, the materials used result in very large losses on high is astomach and significant eddy current and hysteresis loss, which causes very high temperatures in the disk and can cause demagnetization of the magnets, and even burnt aluminum disk.

In the document US 6137203 disclosed brushless axial motor with two stators and a rotor mounted for rotation between the stator in response to the magnetic fields generated by the stator. This machine is a polyphase machine "wrapping" type, i.e. the coil of each phase is wound around the many neighboring pole sequels in the absence of any other coil of the phase between them. The stators are adjustable in the axial direction during operation to change the air gap of the motor to provide motor the ability to create a large torque at low speed, and a small air gap, and the continuous creation of torque when the air gap becomes larger at high speed. Regulation of the stator takes place only in the axial direction, and it is not possible to cope with any deformations that occur due to the high temperatures reached during operation of the device, especially in preferred applications in turbines with hydraulic drive, with any possible overheating of the windings and stator.

In the document US 4710667 disclosed dynamoelectric machine winding t is a, in which the gap between the rotor and stator is adjustable only in the axial direction and only in the Assembly phase. The rotor includes magnets of the magnetic hard ferrite, and the stator includes cores for coils of soft-magnetic ferrite.

In all known documents, the above described tightly linked structure, the design of which cannot be changed in a simple way in order to adapt to different applications with different requirements and/or to provide a more simple and efficient Assembly and maintenance of the devices.

A brief statement of the substance of the invention

The objective of the invention is to develop a reversible device related to the type with protruding poles, which eliminates the disadvantages of the known technical solutions and which can be applied in a wide range of applications, for example, in land vehicles, ships and aircraft, and preferably in applications in which the device is integrated into the turbine or, in General, the impeller device, actuated by movement of fluid.

To solve this problem, the proposed device having a stator and a rotor, rotating in front of the stator. The rotor carries a lot of magnets distributed over equal intervals and alternating orientat the s in the annular structure on the rotor. The stator includes at least one set of magnetic yokes, each of which has a pair of protruding shoulders, passing to the rotor and bearing reel for electrical connection with the used device or a power driver, and a magnetic yoke in a single or each set is part of the same closed magnetic circuit, along with a pair of magnets of opposite shoulders of the yoke at a given point in time, and an air gap separating the yoke from the magnets. The magnetic yoke in a single or each set set independently in the axial and radial directions is made with the possibility of static and dynamic regulation of the provisions of the yokes relative to the magnets.

Regulation, mainly, may provide for rotary movement around at least one axis, and the yoke is preferably adjustable by means of a translational movement along three mutually perpendicular axes and rotation around all three mutually perpendicular axes. Thanks to independent installation, each yoke can be performed in a cell of the stator, which can be repeated a desired number of times and with any desirable position relative to other cells. Thus, the invention provides extremely high flexibility. Other advantages are the following:

simplified assembling;

there is an opportunity to optimize the relative position of the yokes and magnets during Assembly of the device, ensuring maximum efficiency of the device.

the possibility of a simple compensation of vibrations vibrations and deformations of the rotor during operation;

in case of bad work or a short circuit in one cell, it becomes possible to exclude from the operation of the cell, and the rest of the device is in operation;

in the case of modular machines with modules and generator and motor, you receive the possibility of independent adjustment of the operating parameters of the modules of the generator and motor, i.e. at startup, you can increase the distance between the yokes of the generator modules to temporarily turn off the function generator or set of limited values, or even save using circuits electrically open for ease of launch, while the yoke modules of the motor can be brought closer together with magnets to increase acceleration.

It is possible to provide only one set of yokes, and then the magnets form a pattern of alternating poles on one surface of the rotor. The rotor can be made of a ferromagnetic material, and in this case, the magnetic circuit contains a pair of magnets and one yoke and Zam the chickpeas through an air gap and the rotor. If in areas not occupied by the magnets, the rotor is made of non-ferromagnetic material, the magnets facing the same yoke, will be connected ferromagnetic elements and the magnetic circuit is closed through the air gap and the ferromagnetic element.

Alternatively, when the rotor is in the areas not occupied by the magnets, made of non-ferromagnetic material, the stator may include two sets of magnetic yokes arranged symmetrically about the rotor. In this case, the pair of successive magnets forms a closed magnetic circuit with one magnetic yoke in the first set and one magnetic yoke in the second set (plus, of course, the corresponding air gaps). Yoke in each set are supported regardless of the yokes in another set.

Single or each set of yokes can be extended to the entire ring magnets, or may be converted to a single arc or discrete arcs of this ring.

When the yoke is turned to the entire ring magnets, the rotor may carry a number of magnets, twice the number of yokes (i.e., the number of magnets is equal to the number of protruding shoulders or pole sequels), or can carry a number of magnets that is different from the number of pole extensions. In the latter case occurs intermittently specified geometric phase is E. the ratio between the yoke and the opposite magnet. These configurations suitable for the construction of multi-phase machines. In such configurations, the coil or receiving supply of electric power, is wound on the shoulders, with the same geometric phase relationship with the opposite magnet, can be connected to each other inside the device and to have a shared connection with a power driver or used by the device. You can also connect with each other every second coil among the coils wound on the shoulders, with the same geometric phase relationship with the opposite magnet, and to connect the two resulting groups of coils with power driver or used by the device, and the electrical phases are shifted by 180°.

The device may find several applications, especially in connection with the impeller device, actuated by movement of a fluid medium, in particular air generators or aviation or marine gas turbine engines or propellers, for example, in aviation or marine applications, you can use this device, for example, as a generator built into the turbine, or as a starting motor or motor feedback for turbine or an electric motor associated with the propulsion of ships or aircraft. Other applications are possible in the us is sakh for Gastropoda.

In accordance with another aspect, the invention also relates to the impeller device, actuated by movement of a fluid medium, for example, air generator, gas turbine engine for aircraft or ships, jet propulsion of ships or aircraft, pump for Gastropoda etc. that have embedded in them the device according to the invention.

Brief description of drawings

The invention is further explained in the description of the preferred variants of the embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

figure 1 is a General view in perspective of the device corresponding to the first variant of its implementation with the axial installation;

figure 2 is a General view of the rotor of the device shown in figure 1, with a pair of yokes and associated coils;

figure 3 schematically represents the magnetic circuit;

figure 4 schematically represents the spatial correlation between the magnets and yokes during rotation of the rotor;

5 and 6 are views similar to figure 2 and 3 relating to the variant example of implementation, providing for axial installation;

7 is a schematic view of a variant of implementation according to Fig 1 to 3, with yokes, located just in front of discrete sectors of the ring magnets;

Fig-12 are schematic views from the according to some embodiments, providing for radial installation of the magnets and yokes;

Fig-15 are schematic views illustrating a number of structures magnets and yokes used in multiphase machines;

Fig(a) and 16(b) are depicted in an enlarged scale an axial section of the shoulder yoke and the yoke, respectively, used in multiphase machines according Fig-15;

Fig(a) to 17(d) represent different types of magnet with double bevel;

Fig and 19 represent the top part of the machine with radial outer and inner rotor, respectively, illustrating the possible installation of magnets;

Fig-22 represent different kinds of yoke, associated with means for regulating its provisions;

Fig the yoke is made in the layer of resin;

Fig is the yoke together with the instructions of the management options, providing translational and rotary movement;

Fig is a diagram of the magnetic permeability of the ferrite;

Fig represents the application of the invention to the propulsion of the ship or aircraft;

Fig is a schematic diagram of the cell of the stator; and

Fig is a schematic diagram illustrating the use of the device as electromagnetic flywheel.

Description of the preferred embodiment variants of the invention

Referring to figure 1-3 noted that there is shown a first variant implementation of the device 10, designed for installation in axial machine.

The device 10 contains mainly two different designs.

The first design is a disk or ring 12 (for simplicity, the following text will refer to the disk), which is, or which forms the rotor of the device 10 and is mounted on the shaft 13. The main surface of the disk 12 are ring identical permanent magnets 14, distributed so that they are ravnovesie along its circumference around the outer edge of the disk. The magnets 14 are arranged so that they form on each surface of the disk 12 a sequence of alternating opposite poles. In the embodiment shown in figures 1 to 3, the disk 12 in the areas not occupied by the magnets 14 made of non-ferromagnetic material.

The Central part of the disk 12 is formed by a set of blades 15, having a propulsion function and conductive cooling air to the magnets 14 and the coils, discussed below, or receiving supply of electric power generated by the device or designed for this purpose.

The magnets 14 may have a circular cross-section, as shown in figure 2, or other curvilinear cross-section, or even polygonal cross section or a convex (in particular, square or rectangular), or concave.

The magnets becoming the public is made from a material with high field strength (for example, about 1.5 Tesla in the performance of modern technologies). The choice of material will depend on the type of application and, therefore, working conditions, particularly the temperature of the working environment. Materials commonly used in such machines are NdFeB, which guarantees operation at temperatures up to 150°C, or Sm-Co (or in the General case, connection of rare earth metal and cobalt), which guarantees operation at temperatures up to 350°C, or AlNiCo, which guarantees operation at temperatures up to 500°C. depending on the materials, magnets 14 can consist of magnetized areas of the disk 12, or they may be magnetic bodies inserted in seats formed in the disk.

The second design consists of two sets of yokes 16, 18 magnets, which are located in the corresponding halo around the disk 12 is symmetrical with respect to it and form the stator of the device. In the depicted example, the yoke 16, 18 magnets are distributed so that be ravnovesie from each other around the disk 12 in front of the magnets 14. The yoke are essentially C - or U-shaped or generally - concave shape that is open toward the disk 12, with two essentially parallel arms or pole extensions, indicated by the position 17a, 17b for yokes 16 and positions 19a, 19b for yokes 18 (see figure 3). Shoulders 17a, 17b and 19a, 19b are coils 20a, 20b and 22a, 2b, respectively, of electrically conductive material (e.g. copper or aluminum, the latter being preferred in aircraft applications due to its lower specific weight), with the appropriate individual compounds or devices used to generate electric power or input power (more specifically, the pulse generator or brushless power driver), depending on the conditions of use of the proposed device. Coils 20, 22 can be mostly made of a thin sheet wound on the respective shoulder, to reduce hysteresis loss, Foucault on a horizontal surface and the skin-effect. Of course, the opposite coils are connected with opposite polarities.

Like magnets 14, the shoulders 17a, 17b, 19a, 19b of the yokes 16, 18 can have a circular cross-section or other curved cross-section or even a polygonal cross section or a convex (in particular, square or rectangular), or concave. Irregular shape of the magnets and/or arms of the yokes and/or other forms of cross-sections for magnets and yokes can also contribute to the reduction of serration, which, as you know, on the contrary, favor a very symmetrical design. Whatever the shape of the cross-sections of the yokes and magnets, it is important that the button area had dimensions, that would be similar or essentially identical. Similarity or, essentially, the same sizes of the magnets and yokes are needed to guarantee uniformity of the density of magnetic flux passing in the yokes 16, 18 and the magnets 14.

Through the use of magnets and yokes with a circular cross section is obtained sinusoidal behavior overlap the end surfaces of the magnet and the yoke (see figure 4) during rotation of the rotor, and this is when using the device as a generator, it will lead to an almost purely sinusoidal electromotive force (EMF). However, considerations of commercial availability of the components and reduce the serration can lead, for example, to the use of magnets with a circular cross section and yokes having shoulders with a square cross-section whose side is essentially equal to the diameter of the magnet. In this case, the generated EMF is almost sinusoidal, but with higher harmonics, which, essentially, does not cause loss, whereas the largest bandwidth of the materials used for the design of Yarm. Note that, given the cross-sectional dimension, which can be assumed to magnets and yokes (e.g., several centimeters), the requirement of similarity of the squares of the magnets and yokes are still satisfied.

Considering for simplicity of description - magnets and I have mA with the same circular cross section and showing their diameter by D, note that in order to guarantee the symmetry of the received waveform signal, it is necessary that the shoulders of each of the yoke 16, 18 are separated by distance D, resulting in the length of each yoke is 3D. In accordance with the yokes 16, 18, the rotor 12 will, therefore, be a circle, the length of which is 4D'N, where N is the number of yokes in the ring. Thus, it becomes possible to create the rotors, guaranteeing the installation of the desired number of yokes or, on the contrary, the number of yokes will be determined by the size of the rotor. Moreover, for a given rotor diameter you can also change the number of yokes by changing the diameter of the circle defined by the yokes and magnets (i.e. in practice by changing the distance from the edge of the rotor 12 to magnets).

The number M of the magnets 14 is connected with the number N of the yokes and depends on the type of device that you want to create. For example, in the synchronous machine is used, the ratio M=2N so that the distance between successive magnets 14 is equal to their diameter D, and in the static configuration of the device 10, a pair of successive magnets 14 may be precisely in front of both shoulders of the yoke 16 or 18. On the contrary, in the case of an asynchronous machine is used, the ratio M≠2N, where M is an even number, and the distance between successive magnets 14 is less than or greater than D, depending on which of the two is compared - M>2N or M<2N observed.

Shoulder yokes 16, 18 over flat surfaces parallel to the surfaces of the rotor 12 and the magnet 14. Each pair of yokes 16, 18 forms a magnetic circuit with reversed thereto by a pair of magnets 14, lockable via air gaps separating the yoke from the magnets. A pair of yokes 16, 18 with the respective coils 20, 22 will also be referred to below as the "magnetic ticks".

As better shown in the diagram according to figure 3, the ends of the arms 17a, 17b, 19a, 19b of the yokes 16, 18 is a bit distant from addressed to them poles corresponding pair of magnets 14, thereby forming air gaps 24a, 24b and 26a, 26b, respectively, are designed to ensure, on the one hand, the rotation of the disk by preventing contact between the magnets and yokes, and on the other hand prevent saturation of the magnetic circuit. As the rotor 12 and stator 16, 18 have a flat surface mechanical treatment allows to obtain very small air gaps and hence high efficiency. Note for clarity that the gap between the shoulders the yoke of the drawing shows an excessively large.

Returning to figure 1 it is noted that the outer casing 28 made to ensure the transmission and the rotation shaft 13 supports the rotor and the stator of the device 10 in the collection. In addition, the yoke is installed in the individual bearings that are not shown on this drawing and more discussed below, the button to ensure independent regulation of the provisions of the yokes 16, 18 relative to the magnets 14 by means of a translational movement along three mutually perpendicular axes x, y, z and rotary motion indicated by the arrows Ω1, Ω2, Ω3, around the same mutually perpendicular axes (see Fig).

This ensures simple installation of the yokes and the optimization of their provisions during Assembly of the device, as well as maximizing the efficiency of the device.

The possibility of independent adjustment of the axial positions of the yokes provides not only minimizing the widths of the air gaps 24, 26 and, thereby, maximizing efficiency, but also the change of such air gaps during operation to adapt the magnetic ticks to the requirements of the different phases of operation, as will be obvious from the description of some applications of the invention. In addition, in the case of modules and generator and motor, you can temporarily disable the function generator when starting or adjusting it to achieve some limited value, to facilitate launching and modules of the motor can be brought closer together with magnets to increase acceleration. In addition, the increase of the air gap can be used as a constructive sign of security in case of overheating: this increase of the air gap causes an increase in the magnetic resistance of the circuit, reducing the associated strain is on the reels, and hence temperature. In the General case, you can exclude one or more yokes, which are not working properly, and the rest of the device is in operation.

The possibility of regulation in the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, is a constructive sign for security, which can be used as an alternative to increase the air gap in the case of overheating: in fact, the losses from the alignment of the yokes and magnets also cause an increase in the magnetic resistance of the circuit, resulting in reduction of the associated voltage, and hence the temperature of the conductors.

In addition, in the case of machines designed to generate almost constant power, with important changes in the number of revolutions, the possibility of radial and axial regulatory provisions of the yokes can be used to control the values associated with this power.

As will be discussed below, supports the stator mainly include devices rolling elements such as rollers or balls, made with the possibility of rolling on the outer perimeter of the disk 12 to ensure the maintenance of the air gaps 24, 26 between the yokes 16, 18 and the magnets 14 permanent and compensating for the axial and radial vibrations of the rotor 12, as well as thermal expansion. It is of interest, in castnet is, in large machines, which can be important radial or axial displacement, vibration, resonance, and mechanical and thermal deformation of the rotor.

Each yoke with its coils, the supports, and means controlling displacement of supports, including any required position sensors and temperature, can be considered as the elementary cell of the stator, which is repeated many times for the formation of the whole device, which consequently has a modular design. Thus, we can get a few different layouts that will become apparent from the following description.

The material of the yokes 16, 18 magnets may depend on the application of the proposed device.

For high-frequency applications, the preferred materials are ferrites with high magnetic permeability, low residual magnetization and low magnetic resistance (ferroceramic materials). The use of ferrites is advantageous for the following reasons:

ferrites provide a high magnetic flux density (about 1/2 Tesla);

ferrites are materials that can be sintering, and therefore they provide the structures and forms that are appropriate to maximize efficiency;

ferrites demonstrate efficiency curves, maxima within a wide range frequent the t, even up to several megahertz, and therefore preferably is compatible with the frequencies of the magnets in the applications envisaged for the invention;

given the high electrical resistivity of the material forming the ferrite, and low residual magnetization with a narrow hysteresis loop at high frequencies, there is a very small loss in ferroceramic material and very low electromagnetic losses, resulting in increased efficiency;

ferrites allow you to convert energy received from spurious harmonics waveform signals, and this is useful in particular for applications that require large diameters and large number of turns;

ferrites have a small proportion (approximately half the specific weight of iron), and this is important in aircraft applications.

ferrites have the ability of self-protection in case of overheating, because their Curie temperature, TC, is low - about 250°C. As is known, the magnetic permeability of the ferrite at a temperature above TC, essentially equal to 0 (see Fig): thus, if the temperature of the yoke reaches TC, the total magnetic resistance of the circuit increases significantly and takes the value essentially corresponding to the value chain in the air, so that the proper voltage is reduced to a very small value is rd. This property can be used as an alternative to shifting of the yoke.

At a relatively low operating frequency from a few Hertz to several kilohertz (for example, up to 3 kHz) - yoke can be made from thin sheets of silicon steel, for example, a thickness of 5-10 hundredths of a millimeter. For frequencies from 1 kHz to several tens of kHz (e.g., 20 kHz), may be used instead of Ni-Zn0-ferrite, such as N27 from the company EPCOS. Ni-Zn materials are characterized by high temperatures, very high electrical resistivity (of the order of 100 ohms/m) and reduced hysteresis loss. Can be suitable also Mn-Zn-ferrites, such as Ferroxcube materials described above, for example, MnZn 3C90-6 or Mn-Ni-materials.

The device corresponding to the invention can operate as a wireless generator and brushless motor.

To describe the principle of operation of the device 10 as a generator, it is useful to recall the principle of operation of the transformer. In the transformer, the dynamic change in voltage in the electric circuit of the primary winding causes a change in magnetic flux in the coil through which current flows, and this change is induced in the entire closed magnetic circuit. The change of the magnetic flux in the closed magnetic circuit generates a secondary EMF is proportional to the number of turns in the secondary winding.

In the case of the present invention, the magnetic flux is due to the casting of the disk 12 with magnets 14 in rotation between the yokes 16, 18 magnets. In this case, a pair of end magnetic yokes 16, 18 perceive the change in magnetic flux due to the alternating passage of permanent magnets 14 with opposite polarities between the same yokes, which leads to induction of the coils 20, 22 EMF generating voltages V1-V4 (figure 3). In other words, by applying a torque to the disk 12, each coil 20a, 20b and 22a, 22b, respectively, induced EMF associated with changes in the magnetic flux of alternating polarity permanent magnets 14. Considering the relative position of the magnets 14 and end surfaces of the yokes in the ring, for example, the yokes 16, shown in figure 4, one can notice that during rotation of the rotor 12 end area gradually overlap, which leads to essentially sinusoidal increase the magnetic flux and, therefore, induced voltage.

The generated voltage is equal to-Δ/Δt, where ΔΦ is the change in the magnetic flux; Δt is the time between the passing magnets at the front from shoulder yoke, depends on the size of the rotor 12, the number M of the magnets (and therefore the number N of dipoles) and the circular velocity of the rotor. For large disks, rotors, providing considerable is esta M, high frequency passing magnets and high voltage can be obtained even at relatively low speeds of rotation.

More specifically, in the case of synchronous machines, each coil 20, 22 generates the waveform signal is in phase with the waveform of the signal of the other windings, and forms an independent generator. As is known, depending on whether, in series or parallel connected coils, you can get the voltage, 2N times superior voltage single coil, but when the same current, or after rectification current equal to the sum of the currents, but when the same voltage, respectively. In this case, you may need a suitable filter.

In the case of an asynchronous machine, each coil generates an EMF, which is shifted in phase by ±2π/2N relative to the adjacent coil, and for one period of rotation of the disc 12 - after rectification of the signal will be received 4N half-waves to ripple, which in 4N times less than the ripple-phase signal, so that the operations of filtering and smoothing are not required. Note that in the asynchronous machine, the number of magnets and yokes will be mainly that will provide a sinusoidal or similar waveform signal (i.e. can be avoided combination, when M=N).

In order to evaluate the operating parameters of the device, the opposite is MSA to the next example, for aircraft applications. It is assumed that the ring magnet 14 has a radius of about 1 m, and the step of magnets is approximately 10 cm (and therefore D is approximately 5 cm). If the circumference slightly greater than 6 m, the ring may contain about sixty magnets 14. If the proposed device is mounted on a stage of the compressor turbine, the rotational speed is in the range of about 12000 Rev/min, i.e. about 200/sec. Accordingly, the frequency of passage of the magnets is approximately 12000 Hz and Δt is approximately 80 μs. Because the shorter the time Δt of the transition process, the higher the induced voltage, and is the received energy, high voltage with high frequency and low current. This provides an additional advantage because high voltage and high frequencies allow the use of copper wire with a reduced cross-sectional dimension for the coils 20, 22, and moreover, the number of ferromagnetic materials for transmission and conditioning of power become very small: it leads to weight loss, what is important, in particular, for many applications, as will be evident from the following text.

The device 10 can be used in a reversible way as a brushless motor by application of a voltage change with rotation the m phase. Get the polarity opposite generates a force applied to the permanent magnets 14, which consistently lead the disk 12 in rotation. In this case, the voltage applied to the coils creates a magnetic fluxes of opposite polarities, causing the disk to move in order to provide the location of the magnets 14 in front of the yokes 16, 18 in a linear manner and with opposite polarities. In the case of a synchronous motor, on all coils provides a gradual increase in phase in order to start moving. In the case of the asynchronous motor, the control is simplified due to the phase shift between the rotor and stator, which is the result of design, and this will be enough to unbalance any of the coils to bring the machine into rotation.

Like conventional brushless motor, the detected position of the magnet 14 relative to the stator 16, 18. Thus, once the system reaches a state of stability, the control circuit starts the rotation phase, which again causes a displacement of the rotor to search for a new point of stability. A gradual increase in the frequency of control pulses causes an acceleration of the rotor.

Characteristic features in the case of operation as a motor are:

high torque acceleration: d the Le, power is applied to the periphery of the disc 12, which may have a large radius (shoulder point); as mentioned, a large radius provides the installation of a large number of magnetic dipoles that interact in the operation of the motor, and this leads to a large total force;

a large number of revolutions, depending on the frequency of excitation of the device (see, for example, considerations of operating parameters provided in connection with work as a generator).

In addition, as discussed with respect to the generator, since the rotor and the stator constitute two parallel surfaces, machining provides reception of very small air gaps, and thus high efficiency.

Note that due to the modular construction of the proposed device and the independence of the various magnetic circuits in the same device at the same time can present the function generator and an electric motor, in particular, alternate cells can work as a generator or as a motor. Thus, cell generators can be used as position sensors to provide feedback for the function of the engine. In fact, the cell generator applies a voltage, which is proportional to the position of the magnets passing p the ed him and since the relative position of the cells, generators, and cell-electric motor is known, it is possible to immediately get the position of the rotor relative to the cell generator and cell-electric motor. This provides a control pulse to the cell-electric motor so that it has the exact phase is required to ensure traffic in the brushless machine.

Alternatively, you can also provide feedback on the position by means of the detectors on the Hall effect or through auxiliary winding; however, given the fact that the detectors on the Hall effect does not work properly at temperatures higher than 150°C, the preferred may be the last solution.

Figure 5 and 6 shows a view similar to figure 2 and 3, associated with the embodiment, in which the rotor 12 is made of a ferromagnetic material. Identical elements in both pairs of drawings marked with the same positions. In this case, the stator contains a single ring yokes 16 with the respective coils 20a, 20b, located opposite the magnets 14, which, in turn, bonded to the surface of the rotor 12, facing the yokes 16 (see Fig.6). A suitable material for bonding magnets 14 to rotor 12 is, for example, lockedits 9466. Moreover, to simplify the gluing, the rotor 12 can snbd the th guide made from aluminum or resin (not shown), made with the possibility of determining the positions of the magnets 14 and having a function of localization, harden and prevent saturation. If adhesion is poor, in order to withstand the centrifugal forces at high rotational speeds, it is possible to apply other measures to hold the magnets in position, which will be described below separately. In this embodiment, the magnetic circuit between a pair of magnets 14 and one yoke 16 are shorted through the disk 12 and the air gaps 24a, 24b. More specifically, as shown in Fig.6, the magnetic circuit includes: an N-pole of the first magnet 14; an air gap 24A; the yoke 16 with the coils 20a and 20b; the air gap 24b; S-pole of the second magnet 14; N-pole of the second magnet 14; ROM 12; S-pole of the first magnet. The principle of operation of this variant embodiment is the same as for the embodiment shown in Fig.1-3, and the difference is associated only with a different number of coils.

Due to the connection of the magnets facing the same yoke, a thin ferromagnetic sheets for closing the magnetic circuit between the shoulders of the yoke and a pair of magnets, you can also use an implementation option with a single ring of Yarm in the case of the rotor, made of non-ferromagnetic material.

This variant of the embodiment improves the characteristics of l is Gasti the proposed device. 7 shows another variant implementation, in which the yoke 16, 18 are not around the entire circumference of the disk 12, and one or more discrete arcs in the illustrated example two. The ability to have smaller sets of yokes is one of the benefits of modular design according to the invention. Each set may even include a single yoke. This implementation is suitable for applications in which power functions as a generator or electric motor), we obtain a set of elementary cells, passing around the circle, would be redundant. Of course, even if this option is shown for a device of the type which is shown in Fig.1-3, with a set of yokes on each side of the rotor 12, it is also applicable to the case of a single set of yokes shown in figure 5 and 6.

Fig-12 refer to the example embodiment of the invention with a radial arrangement of the magnets and yokes. The elements already discussed with reference to the previous drawings are denoted by the same positions with the addition of the sign of the bar.

In the example implementation, providing a radial arrangement, the rotor 12' is a cylindrical body carrying the magnets 14' with alternating orientations on its lateral surface. Like the example implementation, providing axial arrangement, it is possible to provide on the and set of yokes 16', 18' (Fig) or only one set of 16' or 18' (Fig.9 and 10), depending on the material of the rotor 12'. The yoke are radially directed shoulders on which are wound coils 20', 22'. In the solution with a single set of yokes, yoke can be placed either outside or inside of the rotor 12', as shown in figures 9 and 10, respectively, of the arrangement shown in figures 9 and 10 will be referred to as layouts "of the inner rotor and the outer rotor, respectively. In the example implementation, providing radial layout, the end faces of the rotor and arms of the yokes will have the same curvature at any point in order to guarantee the constancy of the air gap.

The layout of the outer rotor and the layout with a double set of yokes, the rotor 12' is formed on the surface of a large hollow cylindrical chamber within which is set a single or each set of yokes. The layout of the inner rotor, the rotor 12' will still ring or disk carried by the shaft 13'. In addition, in the embodiment, providing a radial arrangement, the yoke 16 and/or 18' can be distributed to all ring magnets or only to one or more arcs of this ring.

In the variant shown at 11 and 12, the side surface of the rotor 12' can carry two adjacent and parallel rows of magnets 14'a, 14'b (dual arrangement of magnets), when et is m magnet in the same row has the opposite orientation relative to the adjacent magnet in the other row. The shoulders of the yoke 16 and/or 18' is turned to one magnet 14'a, 14'b in each ring. As shown in Fig, the yoke 16' (only one of which is shown) can be located with an inclination relative to the forming rings of the rotor, and the two rows of magnets are shifted relative to each other so that the pair of magnets 14'a, 14'b, addressed to the same yoke, also arranged with an inclination relative to the forming ring of the rotor. This characteristic also contributes to the reduction of serration.

It should be understood that in a dual arrangement of the magnets of the pair of magnets are always in the same radial plane passing through the shoulders of the yoke, as in the configuration of the synchronous machine, and the configuration of the asynchronous machine, and the planes of rotation are always General, as for magnets and yokes. In this case, either the magnetic flux is present on the shoulders of Yarm, because the magnets are in front of Yarm, or there is no flow of the stream, since the front of the yoke there is no magnet. This gives an important advantage in that the parasitic losses Foucault (i.e. flow in one arm of the yoke is still present and causes scattering in the rotor through the other shoulder) are excluded, because between the shoulders there is no phase shift. For all other arrangements, on the contrary, there is always a slight phase shift between the PLO the bone, passing through the transverse axis of the magnet, and planes radially crossing the shoulder yokes, since the yoke lie in the planes, between which there is a phase shift at a certain angle: thus, there are always some parasitic loss Foucault.

All considerations about the controllability of Yarm above with respect to embodiments involving axial arrangement applicable to the embodiments, providing a radial layout, taking into account the fact that the air gap now is the radial clearance, and not axial. For example, to adjust an associated power, the radial movement of the yokes provides the change of the air gap, and longitudinal displacement of the yokes relative to the axis of rotation provides change areas in which the magnets and the yoke of overlap.

Note that even if the number of dual magnets and layout Yarm, inclined relative to the magnets shown only for one of the radial layouts, they can be applied to other radial layouts described here, as well as other variants of the axial layout.

In the embodiments described so far, it was assumed that the coil yoke independent from each other and from the coils of the other yokes, and separately connected with a power driver or used by the device. A large number of ball the EC may entail a large number of connections to external equipment, namely, at least two connections for each coil, and this may be a disadvantage in the context of the complexity of the proposed device. To reduce the number of connections to external equipment you can use the modular design of the device, while maintaining independent coils on each shoulder. Considering the geometrical aspects of the proposed device in the car with N yokes (and, hence, P=2N shoulders or pole sequels) and M magnets, you can generally observe a situation in which a given geometric phase between opposite poles and the magnets occurs with frequency pole sequels, while

X = P/gcd(P, M)

where "gcd" denotes the greatest common divisor. Each coil group of the X coils generates EMF, shifted in phase relative to the other coils in the group, and the electrical phase coils are identical repeated for all groups. Coils with the same phase can be connected to each other in parallel or sequentially in a star or triangle, inside the machine, and their total points will be connected with external equipment. Thus, the number of connections to external equipment is reduced to the number of different phases. Thus, the result is a modular, multi-phase machine, in which each module includes a pole, prodolzhenie Y=M/gcd(P, M) magnets. You can also connect with external equipment coil alternating modules with inverted phases, so that may be obtained X-phase or 2-fajna machine with a given pair of values of M, p of Course, when modular multiphase composition is applied, for example, the implementation of dual magnets, the advantage of simultaneous flow in both shoulders cell is still supported. By parallel or series connection of modules with the same phase, you can optionally increase or decrease the voltage, resulting in the same result as provided by the displacement of the yokes.

On Fig-15 shows several possible configurations with different pairs of values of P, M, where M is an even number less than P-2. These drawings refer to the example implementation, providing radial layout, but of course, the same considerations apply to the example implementation, providing axial layout.

On Fig, P=64 and M=48, so X=4. It provides machines with either four or eight phases, depending on whether the coils in each second group of four coils of the same phase or inverted phase relative to the respective coils in the adjacent group of four coils.

On Fig, P=48, M=40, so X=6. It provides vehicles or with whom estu, or twelve phases, depending on whether the coils in each second group of six coils of the same phase or inverted phase relative to the respective coils in the next group of six coils.

On Fig, P=48, M=32, so X=3. You can get three-phase or six-phase machine, depending on whether the coils in each second group of three coils of the same phase or inverted phase relative to the respective coils in the next group of three coils.

Other configurations of asynchronous machines reachable when M is even and greater than R.

This simplification external connections may be applicable also in the case of synchronous machines, where M=P, so you can get coils with the same phase, or P/2 coils with the same phase and P/2 with inverted phase, and will be required on only one of the two connections with external equipment.

On Fig-15 also shows the shape of the pole extensions, shown here in position 7, preferential, in particular, for multi-phase machines. Refer also shown in an enlarged scale views Fig(a) and 16(b). Pole continuation 7 has a consolidation head 7a facing the magnets, the intermediate shaft 7b with a reduced cross-sectional dimension, on which is wound a coil (shown here in position 21), and the base or leg 7C on the I mounting pole continuation 7 to the support (for example, the connecting element described above). This form has the advantage that the active ferromagnetic section of the machine is increased by reducing the exposure of the coil to the influence of rotating magnets. The rod 7b essentially has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped having the greatest surface perpendicular to the direction of rotation of the rotor. Leg 7C pole extensions can also be larger than the rod 7b. Pole-continuation 7 can be individually fastened to the pole of the stator by means of fixing means 7d, and the yoke, shown here in position 6, as shown in Fig(b)will contain two adjacent continuation 7 connected in accordance with their legs 7C. Individual adjustment is advantageous because it simplifies the winding coils. However, the lateral surface of the leg 7C slightly tilted, for example, a few degrees, so that between the axes of the rods 7b in the yoke there is some angle that the rotor. The inclination of the axes of the rod 7b in the yoke 6 provides space for winding coils of relatively large size.

An additional solution to reduce the number of external connections using the device as a generator, could be the rectification of the waveform signals of all of the coils inside the machine and parallel connection of the positive pole, as well as the negative pole, inside the machine so that you only need two output conductors. However, this solution could make use of the machine as a motor is impossible or extremely difficult, since all coils are connected to each other. However, the phase modularity described with reference to Fig-15, could be used to leave some of the cells are not connected to a rectifier structure and to use such cells to perform the function of the motor. For example, considering a machine with 48-th pole sequels, one would assume the following sequence: three pole continuation 7 connected through rectifiers, and one pole continuation, independent and reversible, thus providing the straightening in thirty-three pole extensions and their connection with each other, and twelve independent pole sequels are distributed around the circumference of the increments of X=4.

In Fig. 17(a) to 17(d) shows an example implementation of the magnets, suitable to withstand centrifugal forces at high rotational speeds, such as those that have to be taken into account when the magnets are mounted on the impeller of the turbine. The magnet is a rectangular plate 140, the base of which is formed by N - and S-pole of the magnet, and its lateral surface is double the second bevel: more specifically, two opposite sides of the magnet beveled, for example, from top to bottom, and the other two sides have reverse bevel. In other words, the cross-section in accordance with the two planes perpendicular to one of the grounds of the magnet, such as a plane passing through line C-C and D-D Fig(b), are the two mutually inverse trapezoid, as shown in Fig(c) and 17(d). This form ensures the transfer of tangential or radial mechanical stresses of compression to use a high resistance to compression.

If necessary, in the case of magnets adjacent to each other between the neighboring magnets transverse magnetic ring can include fixing elements (not shown)having complementary towards the end sides of the magnets, bevel, and in the case of dual layout magnets, these elements can be provided in the longitudinal direction between the magnets in two rows.

Note that in the variant embodiment according Fig(a) to 17(d), tilted can be only one pair of side faces, so that the plate is essentially wedge-shaped. In addition, the same effect wedge-shaped or performed with two bevels plate can be obtained by using plates in the form of truncated cones or pyramids.

As shown in Fig for a device with a radial installation of the magnets and the comp the unit outer rotor, using the yoke 6 according Fig(b), the resistance to the centrifugal force can be increased through the use of elastic locking element 60, working in the tangential direction, located between adjacent magnets 140 and executed with application of mechanical compressive stress to the sides of the magnet to compensate for dimensional changes due to the tangential stress. The element 60 may include, for example, a leaf spring having a Central section 60A attached to the rotor 12', and two U-shaped sidewall 60b extending from the Central segment to the corresponding magnet 140, so that the ends of the U away from the Central section 60a, bend magnets. Clearly it is possible to provide either two rows of locking elements 60, one for each row of magnets, or one of a number of elements 60. On Fig additionally it is shown that the adjacent yoke 6 can be separated by a gap 77, providing some degree of freedom in connection with possible mechanical interference, such as that due to thermal expansion. The same effect can be obtained also by the use of fixing elements made of elastomeric material, such as Teflon^®.

On Fig shows in detail an implementation option machines with internal Roto is om, where are wedge-shaped magnets 140 with highly inclined walls. This solution is intended for very large numbers of revolutions. The magnets 140 are placed in the seats 62, formed in the edge of the rotor and having, for example, in the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor 12'is essentially trapezoidal cross-section, complementary to the corresponding cross-sectional shape of the magnets, and wrapped in the electroconductive sheet 66. The other two sides of the magnets 140 are entered in engagement with the terminals 64, transverse locking magnets.

Note that Fig and 19 belong to the dual arrangement of magnets, and also illustrate a thin ferromagnetic sheets 61 connecting the magnets opposite the same yoke.

On Fig-22 shows the possible supporting structure for the yoke 16, guaranteeing the offset cell and automatic compensation of deformations or changes in the position or height of the rotor. On Fig and 21 are two principal types of schematic cross-section in accordance with two mutually perpendicular planes, and Fig presents a perspective image, which for clarity are not shown some of the components shown in the above sections.

This reference design contains a number of elements 50 rolling (four in illustrating the note is d, two each shoulder, see Fig), such as balls, rollers, roller or ball bearings, etc., These elements are made with the possibility of rolling over properly treated peripheral region 51 of the rotor surface, acting as a track for the rolling elements, and serve to maintain a constant air gap. To this end, the elements 50 rolling associated with regulatory blocks 52 with mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic actuator, which in the phase calibration of the device are set so that under normal operating conditions, the elements 50 rolling distance from the rotor 12 and are in contact with the rotor 12 only when the latter is displaced from its proper working position or deformed. Install items 50 rolling is performed so that they are relative to the shoulders, and therefore remains the desired air gap, when they roll on the rotor. The elements 50 rolling and regulating their blocks 52, together with the associated yoke 16 are supported by a support structure 54, which is connected with the springs 56 compression or other elements having the same functions, and are calibrated to resist any displacement of the rotor, leading to change of the desired air gap.

For durability of this design, the entire cell, consisting of a yoke 16, 18 is its coils 20, 22, its support structure 54, means causing regulatory provisions and, in General, the displacement of the yokes described above, and detectors, causing such displacement can be realized in a layer of resin, as shown by the position 70 on Fig, possibly enclosed in a casing, not shown in this drawing. The resin may, in a possible variant, to be filled with powders of materials, increase specific power and/or thermal conductivity, such as boron carbide and silicon, aluminum or similar materials.

On Fig shows a fundamental embodiment of a cell and its means for axial adjustment. The yoke, for example, the yoke 16, provided on their shoulders 17 two power coils 20 and two signal coils 200, which is surrounded by cooling coils 80. The cell is further provided with detectors 86, 88 temperature and position with circuits 90 signal processing and control. For example, the detectors 86 temperature may include a thermistor to control the positive or negative type, or a thermocouple. As mentioned above, the detectors 88 position (this term should be understood as including also the phase detectors and speed) can be detectors on the Hall effect or even auxiliary coils, the primary power sources used for detecting phases and is of plitude currents and voltages in the coils of the various shoulders. Note that even if the detectors 86, 88 and shown outside of the yoke for the sake of ease of understanding, they actually will be inside a cell, for example, together with the circuit 90 processing and management in place, which is shown for the latter.

Within the Executive cylinders or pistons 82 mounted slidable within the cylinder 92, the springs 56, opposing the displacement of the rotor. When the proposed device is not used, the pistons 82 are fully retracted within the cylinder 92 by springs 84. In the working conditions, the cylinders 92 to cause extension of the piston 82 so that the latter are in their static position. In the case of dynamic regulation, suitable linear actuator controlled by an electronic control unit of the device, modulates the impulse applied to the piston 82, depending on job requirements. Due to the differential impact on both the piston 82, it is possible to obtain the slope of the cell. Of course, you can use any device with a hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanical drive, is equivalent to the Assembly of the piston 82 and the cylinder 92.

The detectors 86, 88, circuit 90 processing and management, as well as the pistons and cylinders 82, 92, connected to the Central processor (not shown), which, on the basis of information received from the detectors, and the model m is bus, stored inside it determines the actions that need to be taken for regular machine operation, and protection procedures. Command offset are sent via the appropriate power drivers and actuators, pistons and/or cylinders 82, 92 of which or other regulatory blocks are elements that are connected with the cell.

The cylinders 82, 92 or equivalent units will also be provided for control of translational motion or rotation of the cell along or around the other axis.

Shows one rolling element 50 with its regulatory piston 52, and the rest of the cell is shown disassembled for clarity of the drawing. The rolling element 50 is connected with the damping means, for example, with a spring 58, compensating the impact of the rolling element on the rotor.

Describes the characteristics of light weight, high efficiency, and - in the case of use as a motor - high torque and high quality, provide multiple applications for the device, such as:

aviation generator installed on the turbine;

starting the motor for the turbine;

the motor feedback for architecture turbine;

the electric motor for propulsion of ships and aircraft;

aviation propulsion for vertical takeoff;

the motor for gastrula the of wires and the like;

the air generator;

industrial generator General purpose;

controller torque;

flywheel for automotive systems;

electromagnetic brake with energy recovery;

active brake.

Such applications will be considered briefly below

Aviation generator

This application is driven by the need to generate electrical energy on Board aircraft. The device 10 may be mounted directly on the steps with a low operating temperature (in this case, the blade 15, as shown in figure 2, will be the stage of the turbine blades) and provides for the replacement of conventional alternators receiving mechanical energy through a speed reducer connected to the axis of the turbine. Therefore, the generator according to the invention is a solution that is compatible with modern technologies of transformation of electric energy by switching power supplies that provide remote control of actuators and devices and converters through a complete electrical distribution. The device 10, which is arranged to generate electric energy with high voltage and high frequency without direct contact with the turbine, ensures the exclusion of many of the shortcomings Oba the different methods. In particular, it is an easy and highly reliable, has a long service life, is easily stackable modular design and requires minimal maintenance. Moreover, it is relatively cheap, particularly compared with the cost of the motor and gearbox.

Starting motor for aircraft applications and turbines in General

The device in accordance with the invention, being fully reversible, ensures also starting system for engines on the aircraft without the additional weight and additional costs besides the cost of electronic control units for brushless motor. In contrast, starting system on aircraft are often not provided because it is heavy and expensive, so that a phase of ignition is reduced only to the phases of the Parking of the aircraft, when you can use an external motor. This choice limits the flexibility and security of the aircraft. The same characteristics of lightness and of limited value also provides the use of the invention as a starting motor for the turbine as a whole and outside the aviation industry.

Motor feedback architectures turbines

The low-pressure compressor or high the th pressure is brought up to speed, which is no longer associated with the speed of the turbine shaft, and is determined by an electric motor, built around the compressor and outside of it (excessive speed). This allows for optimal speed and pressure in the compressor regardless of the turbine stages and leads to enhanced regulation and optimization of operating parameters and energy consumption.

The motor for ship propulsion

Electric propulsion for ships may make possible the use of machines of the type which relates to the invention, because such machines have a low noise level can be set from outside the hull, and, due to the rigid connection with the screw, such machines can be subjected to an angular offset relative to the longitudinal axis of the hull, thereby providing high maneuverability of the ship. The use of the invention in such applications is shown in Fig, where it is shown providing for radial installation and dual magnets option exercise device 10 in accordance with the invention, embedded in the periphery of the screw 11 of the ship. The skeleton housing is not depicted to show the layout of the device 10. In such applications, the invention provides the following advantages:

high torque in the case of large radii and a large number of the floor the owls due to the location of the coils of the motor on the periphery of the screw;

the possibility of individual maintenance and regulation of cells;

high reliability, since, even in case of failure of one cell, other cells can continue to work independently failed;

the ability to work in an uncomfortable and demanding environments due to the sealing of the cells resins;

high immunity to vibrations of the screw relative to the frame due to peripheral rolling elements, which include the cell, because you can rotate the cell relative to the screw, keeping the gap constant.

The motor for aircraft propellers and jet propulsion for vertical take-off

The advantages of high torque and high reliability allow the use of the invention, as appropriate and in aircraft propulsion. Design of aircraft propulsion, involving the use of the invention is the same as shown Fig. In such applications, the device according to the invention can work in conjunction with blocks generators associated with thermodynamic machines, with batteries, fuel cells, photovoltaic elements, etc.

Moreover, since the screw and the ring magnets/Yarm can be oriented in a horizontal position, for example, parallel to the surface of the wing, there is a possibility of the formation of a vertical flow for vertical take-off; then, after takeoff, the Assembly of the screw and the ring can result in rotation, to move to horizontal flight. The use of the invention in this application solves the problems associated with the high temperatures of the gas streams in conventional turbines, while vertical axis turbines these flows could damage the aircraft and the runway.

The motor for Gastropoda etc.

The application of this technology is based on the same principles as in the case of ship propulsion. However, in this case, the magnets are placed inside the pipeline, and the yoke is placed on the outer ring. This guarantees the absence of any contact and complete electrical isolation between the yokes and the propeller inside a pipeline. Therefore, to achieve high reliability and inherent high degree of protection, which are suitable in particular for pumping gases and hydrocarbons.

Air generator

For such applications, the blades 15 in the Central portion of the disc 12 will form the blades of the air generator. This application is possible because not a problem with the construction of large disks that can contain blades with dimensions typical for such applications, however, to provide a reduced weight. Thanks to the number of dipoles, which can be installed on a large disk, and low loss magnetic circuit, it is possible to achieve an acceptable efficiency of any wind conditions. Many dipoles provides the use of this design to optimize the compromise between cost and performance.

Industrial generator

The invention is suitable for use as a generator wherever there is a rotating shaft, since the fastening of the rotor 12 to the rotating shaft (which thereby forms a shaft 13 of the device is simple, and the magnetic ring ticks 16, 18 can be enclosed in the casing independently, in the absence of any mechanical connection with the rotating element. The invention is suitable in particular for use in connection with turbines for energy production, since the elements forming the device 10 can be seamlessly integrated into the turbine.

Controller torque DC

This application also requires all of the yoke 16, 18 are mounted for rotation. If the device 10 is applied a voltage of constant polarity, the magnets 14 are stable in equilibrium the front from the magnetic yokes 16, 18. Thus, by rotation of the outer part of the bearing yoke 16, 18, a similar rotation in module 12 of the rotor bearing the magnets 14. This is a joint rotation of statory rotor continues until, until the maximum torque, which is given by the product of the tangential force, jointly applied to the disk and the yokes through the shoulder (the radius of the ring magnets), followed by a slide with constant torque. In this case, if you want great speed at constant torque, it is necessary to provide for rotating the collector to ensure the flow of current during the rotation.

Due to a change in voltage level, the related power changes until, until there is a saturation of the ferromagnetic circuit.

Controller torque AC

In this case, the device corresponding to the invention operates as described in connection with the motor: in addition to the above, at the end of the stroke bringing the rotation of the device is stopped and the applied torque is set to zero - as in the case of the regulator torque DC. In this case, however, from the rotating collector is not required to provide a current to flow.

Regulators torque DC or AC, involving the application of the invention, it is possible to use, for example, in machines for screwing caps of bottles, as these machines must operate with a constant torque even t the GDS, when the thread completely screwed. This requirement is strictly enforced, particularly in the area of food production and in the chemical pharmaceutical industry.

Electromagnetic flywheel

An important application of the invention is to recover energy during deceleration performed by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, accumulation of electric energy in the mixed battery systems (i.e. systems, including devices, operating in different moments and with different characteristics storage and return) and return it - thanks to the reversibility of the devices as mechanical energy during the deceleration phase. The proposed device operates essentially as electromagnetic flywheel.

The system design, in which the device corresponding to the invention, is used as the electromagnetic flywheel, schematically shown in Fig.

With this design, electromagnetic flywheel, i.e. the device 10, is mounted on the drive shaft between the engine 30 and the load and is the kinematic chain in front of the gear 32. In such conditions, the flywheel 10 rotates directly with the same speed as the drive shaft (usually part of from 1000 to 20000 rpm and more). In addition, the flywheel 10 can location the diamonds across the axis of the engine in the center of the car, thereby minimizing the gyroscopic effects, which, however, are small, since the moving element (rotor) has a small moment of inertia.

The flywheel 10 is connected on one side with blocks, which - in General - form node 33 energy recovery, and the other party with blocks, which - in General - form node 35 power supply. Nodes 33, 35 are connected with input and output, respectively, of the battery 40, which, as already mentioned, can be mixed rechargeable system. Node 33 energy recovery includes an inverter 34, which may be connected between the flywheel 10 and the generator 38 current by block 36 of the brake control. Then the generator 38 current nourishes the battery 40. Node 35 of the energy supply, in turn, contains the controller 42 of the phase connected to the battery 40 and controlled by the encoder 44, the position of the flywheel, and the blocks 46 correction brushless motor that can be connected to the flywheel 10 by unit 48 controls the accelerator.

In an unusable state (i.e. when the block 36 of the brake control is not working), coils 20, 22 (Fig.1-3) are supported in the open circuit conditions and are moved away from the rotor 12, thereby increasing the air gap, in order to cancel the effect of the brakes during normal operation, so protivoelektrodvizhushchej force feedback, essentially equal to 0. While FA is s deceleration or recovery, the electrical circuit of the coils is closed on the inverter 34, which causes the current flow and generating protivoelektrodvizhushchej force on the disk 12 of the flywheel 10. Moreover, both rings of the yokes 16, 18 are moved closer to the disk 12, so that the device operates with a minimum air gap, and therefore the maximum protivoelektrodvizhushchej force. This force causes the decrease of the kinetic energy, resulting in deceleration of the vehicle and at the same time generating high-frequency electrical energy, which is converted by the generator 38 current so that it can be stored in the battery 40.

During acceleration, activates the process of the reverse feed. In this phase, the flywheel operates as a brushless motor. When activated the unit 48 controls the accelerator, there is a change in voltage with the rotation of the phases, and then the inversion of the polarity induces a force on the permanent magnet 14, which bring the disk 12 in rotation. For the rest of the work applicable considerations already set forth in connection with the operation of the device as a motor. Modern technology also supply large quantities of energy in a short time: this ensures the achievement during the phase feed - very high torque acceleration and very steep response curves electro is vegetale.

Electromagnetic brake

The device 10 in accordance with the invention, installed between thermodynamic engine 20 and the blocks 32 of the vehicle transmission, as shown in Fig, can also function as an electromagnetic brake. In this application, during normal operation, the coils 20, 22 (Fig.1-3) are supported in the conditions of open circuit, and the yoke 16, 18 are supported at a great distance from the rotor, as in the above case, so protivoelektrodvizhushchej force feedback, essentially equal to 0. When braking, the yoke is moved closer to the rotor than before, and the electrical circuit of the coil closes on resistive load (but are not limited to the inverter, as in the case of the flywheel), and the braking energy is converted into heat energy, and protivoelektrodvizhushchej braking force acts on the disk.

Active brake

Another possible application of the invention as an active brake. This principle is a development of that described for the flywheel, and provides that in this case the energy storage takes place during normal operation in the phase of movement of the vehicle. During the braking phase, the circuit of the coils 20, 22 are not only closed to the load, but also excited, so that the device operates as a motor, rotating in the counter is Roznow side: then the energy flows from the battery 40 (Fig) to the brake device, thus, reducing the time of braking. Due to the location of the device 10 on the axis of each wheel, you can also avoid jamming of the wheels during braking, active braking can be independently distributed on each wheel due to the possibility of axial adjustment of relative position of the rotor and the stator, and the counter-rotation can provide differentiated, i.e. so that it would be suitable to compensate for unbalanced loads, typical for emergency braking. Advantages of the generator according to this application are associated with a high torque of the device, speed of intervention and low power consumption, since the energy in question is high, but only for short periods.

It is clear that the above description is given only as a non-restrictive example, and that within the scope of the claims of the invention in the described embodiments it is possible to make changes and modifications, especially in connection with the forms, sizes, materials, types, components, etc. for Example, when the yoke and, therefore, the cells form a complete ring in front of the rotor, they do not necessarily have to be evenly distributed around the circumference of the rotor. This uneven distribution is useful for the reduction of serration, and is also when the device contains the modules and generator, and motor, or has a multiphase structure. If necessary, the uneven distribution of the cells of the stator can be electrically compensated by the control system of the device. In addition to the above, there are other possible applications.

1. An electromagnetic device (10)is made with the possibility of reversible work as a generator and an electric motor contains a rotor (12; 12'), rotating around an axis and carrying a lot of magnets (14; 14', 14 a, 14'b 140), distributed over equal intervals and with alternating orientations in essentially ring-shaped structure, the stator (16, 20A, 20b, 18, 22A, 22b; 16', 18', 20', 22'), containing at least one set of magnetic yokes (16, 18; 16', 18', 6), each of which has a pair of protruding arms (17A, 17b, 19a, 19b; 7), which are held by the magnets (14; 14', 14 a, 14'b; 140) and bear the appropriate coil (20A, 20b, 22A, 22b; 20', 22'; 21) for electrical connection with the used device or a power driver, and a magnetic yoke(16, 18; 16', 18'; 6) in the only or each set is part together with a pair of magnets (14; 14', 14 a, 14'b; 140), opposite shoulders (17A, 17b, 19a, 19b; 7) yoke at a given point in time, the same magnetic circuit closed through an air gap separating the yoke from the magnets, wherein the magnetic yoke(16, 18; 16', 18'; 6) set ezavisimo on supports (54), and supports (54)containing regulatory blocks (82, 92), which regulate in the axial and radial directions mentioned support (54) for static and dynamic regulation of the provisions of the individual yokes(16, 18; 16', 18'; 6) relative to the magnets (14; 14', 14 a, 14'b; 140).

2. The device according to claim 1, in which the regulatory blocks (82, 92) is adjusted in the axial and radial directions mentioned support (54) by means of a translational movement along three mutually perpendicular axes.

3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, in which the regulatory blocks (82, 92) additionally regulate mentioned support (54) by means of a turning movement around at least one axis.

4. The device according to claim 3, in which the regulatory blocks (82, 92) regulate mentioned support (54) by means of a turning movement around the three axes.

5. The device according to claim 1, in which the stator (16, 20A, 20b; 16', 20') includes one set (16; 16') of the magnetic yokes.

6. The device according to claim 5, in which the rotor (12; 12') is made of a ferromagnetic material and the magnetic circuit comprises a pair of magnets (14; 14'; 14 a, 14'b; 140) and one yoke (16; 16'), facing the pair of magnets, and is closed by means of the rotor (12; 12') and an air gap separating the yoke from the magnets.

7. The device according to claim 5, in which the rotor (12; 12') in the areas not occupied by the magnets (14; 14'; 14 a, 14'b; 140), made of non-ferromagnetic material is a, the magnets (14; 14'; 14 a, 14'b; 140), addressed to the same yoke, connected ferromagnetic elements (61), and the magnetic circuit comprises a pair of magnets (14; 14'; 14 a, 14'b; 140) and one yoke (16; 16'), addressed to this ban magnets, and is closed by means of ferromagnetic elements (61) and an air gap separating the yoke from the magnets.

8. The device according to claim 1, wherein the rotor (12, 12') in the areas not occupied by the magnets (14; 14'; 14 a, 14'b; 140), made of non-ferromagnetic material, the stator (16, 20A, 20b, 18, 22A, 22b; 16', 18', 20', 22') includes the first set and the second set of magnetic yokes(16, 18; 16', 18'; 6), arranged symmetrically about the rotor (12, 12'), and the magnetic circuit comprises a pair of adjacent magnets and one magnetic yoke(16, 18; 16', 18'; 6) in each of the first and second sets.

9. The device according to claim 8, in which the magnets (14; 14', 14 a, 14'b; 140) are magnetized region in the rotor (12; 12'), and they form a pattern of alternating opposite poles on the surfaces of the rotor facing to the yokes(16, 18; 16', 18'; 6).

10. The device according to claim 1, in which the yoke(16, 18; 16', 18'; 6) located in front of one arc or a number of discrete arcs magnets ring magnets.

11. The device according to claim 1, in which the yoke(16, 18; 16', 18'; 6) distributed to all rings of magnets.

12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the rotor (12; 12') n is the set for some number M of magnets (14; 14', 14 a, 14'b; 140), chosen from:
2N, where N is the number of magnetic yokes(16, 18; 16', 18'; 6) in a single or each set; even numbers different from 2N.

13. The device according to claim 1, in which the coil (20A, 20b, 22A, 22b; 20', 22'; 21) of each arm (17A, 17b, 19a, 19b; 7) yoke individually connected with a used device or a power driver.

14. The device according to item 12, wherein the coil (20A, 20b, 22A, 22b; 20', 22'; 21) of the arms (17A, 17b, 19a, 19b; 7)having the same geometric phase relationship with opposite magnet (14; 14'; 14 a, 14'b), are connected to each other inside the unit and have a common connection used by the device or power driver.

15. The device according to item 12, wherein the coil (20A, 20b, 22A, 22b; 20', 22'; 21) alternating arms (17A, 17b, 19a, 19b; 7)having the same geometric phase relationship with opposite magnet (14; 14'; 14 a, 14'b; 140), are connected to each other inside the device and have the corresponding common connection of opposite phases used by the device or power driver.

16. Device according to any one of p-15, in which the coil (20A, 20b, 22A, 22b; 20', 22'; 21), at least some of the arms (17A, 17b, 19a, 19b; 7) is connected with the device used, and the coils, at least some other of the arms (17A, 17b, 19a, 19b; 7) connected with a power driver.

17. The device according to claim 1, wherein the rotor (12') represents the Wallpaper cylindrical body, having a set of magnets (14 a, 14'b) on its lateral surface, and this set of magnets is located in two parallel rows (14 a, 14'b) on the lateral surface, with the magnet in the same row has the orientation opposite to the adjacent magnet in the other row, and each yoke (16') is so, what is the jumper to the two rows of magnets (14 a, 14'b).

18. The device according to claim 1, in which the shoulders (17A, 17b, 19a, 19b; 7) and the magnets (14; 14'; 14 a, 14'b; 140) are cross-sectional shape selected from the group consisting of round cross-section, a non-circular curved cross-section, concave polygonal cross-section, convex polygonal cross-section, in particular, square or rectangular, and in this end area of the magnets (14; 14'; 14 a, 14'b; 140) and the arms (17A, 17b, 19a, 19b; 7) have the same size.

19. The device according to p, in which the shoulders (17A, 17b, 19a, 19b; 7) and the magnets (14; 14'; 14 a, 14'b; 140) have different cross-sectional shape.

20. The device according to claim 1, in which each shoulder (7) of the yoke includes a base (7c) for attaching it to the support rod (7b), passing from the base (7c) magnets (14'; 140) and has wound on it a coil (21), and head (7a)connected to the end of the stem opposite the base (7c), and the head has a larger cross-sectional dimension than the overall time the EP cross section of the rod (7b) and the coil (21), and is positioned in such a way that hides the coil (21) from the opposite magnet (14'; 140).

21. The device according to claim 20, in which each yoke (6) comprises a pair of individually installed shoulders (7)determining the angle that the magnets (14'; 140), and between the bases (7c) of two adjacent shoulders (7)belonging respectively to two adjacent yokes (6), a gap (77).

22. The device according to claim 1, in which the magnetic yokes (16, 18) is made of material selected from the following group: ferroceramic materials; silicon sheet steel; Ni-Zn or Mn-Zn-ferrites; Mn-Ni materials.

23. The device according to claim 1, in which the device (10) is integrated with the impeller device, which is driven by the fluid motion.

24. The device containing the impeller, which is driven by the movement of the fluid, characterized in that the impeller has built into it the device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 23.

25. The device according to paragraph 24, in which the said device is selected from the group consisting of: a turbine, in particular for engines, vessels or aircraft, propellers propellers for aircraft or marine applications, pumps for gas piping, air generators.