Artificial coating |
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IPC classes for russian patent Artificial coating (RU 2516308):
 Artificial grass cover and method of its making / 2455416
Artificial grass cover contains grass fibre (1), a lower part of grass (2) and glue on the rear side of the lower part of grass (3). Grass fibres and the lower part of grass (2) are made from one or more thermoplasting polymers selected from polyethylene, polypropylene and/or polyamide. The glue on the rear side of the lower part of grass (3) contains an emulsion of copolymer of ethylene-vinyl acetate with a filler and an antioxidant. To manufacture an artificial ice cover, glue components are previously evenly mixed into an adhesive paste and applied onto the lower part of grass for fixation to the grass fibre. The artificial grass cover may be processed by grinding, heating and even mixing at the temperature 120-180°C, without preliminary separation. The processed material is used to produce the lower part of grass of an artificial cover and different items or products.
 Method for moving-out and return of football field for covered stadium and complex for its realisation / 2430211
Method for moving-out and return of a football field for a covered stadium consists in displacement of a grass coating fixed on a flexible substrate and arranged on a flat rigid board, relative to the rigid flat base beyond the stadium borders and back. Operations of the movement in both directions of the flat board are carried out by means of the base inclination towards the movement side in case of gravity displacement along the board base, and the base is equipped with rolling supports, with the board braking at the end sections of its movement in both directions.
 Method to remove grass coat of football ground of indoor stadium and to return it into initial position / 2409723
In method to remove grass coat and to return it into initial position, consisting in displacement of grass coat relative to rigid base with the help of driving mechanisms, substrate of grass coat is arranged directly on rigid base, which is equipped with systems of drainage and heating. To remove grass coat from stadium field, one of end edges of grass coat substrate is fixed with the help of arched pads to rollers with cylindrical shape of shells. Rollers are fixed on axes with flanges at the ends and are arranged with gaps between each other parallel to end edge of coat. Axes of rollers are joined to each other by means of intermediate axes with similar flanges at the ends. Ends of axes of extreme rollers are arranged with lugs. Both lugs are connected with trailer accessories of traction units, which are moved with identical speeds along side edges of football field to its opposite end with provision of swinging of joined rollers and winding of substrate on them with a grass coat fixed on it. At the end of field the rolled substrate with grass coat is placed on trolley, on which specified roll is taken outside the stadium and is again rolled with the help of traction units. Returning grass coat into initial position is done in a similar manner, but in a reverse order. At the same time maximum diametre D0 of roll from rollers with wound grass coat substrate is determined according to the following formulas: D0=D+2(n-1)a,n=[0.25(D/a-1)2+L/(πa)]0.5-0.5(D/a-1), where π - number of grass coat substrate turns on rollers, D - diametre of rollers, m, a - average thickness of coat in wound condition, m, L - length of coat, m.
Method to remove grass coat of football ground of indoor stadium and to return it into initial position / 2409723
In method to remove grass coat and to return it into initial position, consisting in displacement of grass coat relative to rigid base with the help of driving mechanisms, substrate of grass coat is arranged directly on rigid base, which is equipped with systems of drainage and heating. To remove grass coat from stadium field, one of end edges of grass coat substrate is fixed with the help of arched pads to rollers with cylindrical shape of shells. Rollers are fixed on axes with flanges at the ends and are arranged with gaps between each other parallel to end edge of coat. Axes of rollers are joined to each other by means of intermediate axes with similar flanges at the ends. Ends of axes of extreme rollers are arranged with lugs. Both lugs are connected with trailer accessories of traction units, which are moved with identical speeds along side edges of football field to its opposite end with provision of swinging of joined rollers and winding of substrate on them with a grass coat fixed on it. At the end of field the rolled substrate with grass coat is placed on trolley, on which specified roll is taken outside the stadium and is again rolled with the help of traction units. Returning grass coat into initial position is done in a similar manner, but in a reverse order. At the same time maximum diametre D0 of roll from rollers with wound grass coat substrate is determined according to the following formulas: D0=D+2(n-1)a,n=[0.25(D/a-1)2+L/(πa)]0.5-0.5(D/a-1), where π - number of grass coat substrate turns on rollers, D - diametre of rollers, m, a - average thickness of coat in wound condition, m, L - length of coat, m.
Method for moving-out and return of football field for covered stadium and complex for its realisation / 2430211
Method for moving-out and return of a football field for a covered stadium consists in displacement of a grass coating fixed on a flexible substrate and arranged on a flat rigid board, relative to the rigid flat base beyond the stadium borders and back. Operations of the movement in both directions of the flat board are carried out by means of the base inclination towards the movement side in case of gravity displacement along the board base, and the base is equipped with rolling supports, with the board braking at the end sections of its movement in both directions.
Artificial grass cover and method of its making / 2455416
Artificial grass cover contains grass fibre (1), a lower part of grass (2) and glue on the rear side of the lower part of grass (3). Grass fibres and the lower part of grass (2) are made from one or more thermoplasting polymers selected from polyethylene, polypropylene and/or polyamide. The glue on the rear side of the lower part of grass (3) contains an emulsion of copolymer of ethylene-vinyl acetate with a filler and an antioxidant. To manufacture an artificial ice cover, glue components are previously evenly mixed into an adhesive paste and applied onto the lower part of grass for fixation to the grass fibre. The artificial grass cover may be processed by grinding, heating and even mixing at the temperature 120-180°C, without preliminary separation. The processed material is used to produce the lower part of grass of an artificial cover and different items or products.
 Artificial coating / 2516308
Invention relates to artificial coating, in particular, for sport fields, garden design, golf courses, etc, with main layer, multiple segments of fibre and shock-absorbing material, in which fibre segments are attached to main layer. Shock-absorbing material is placed between fibre segments. Fibre segments consist mainly of, at least, one terephthalic acid polyester, in particular, poluethylene terephthalate (PET) from waste material.
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FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to artificial coating, in particular, for sport fields, garden design, golf courses, etc, with main layer, multiple segments of fibre and shock-absorbing material, in which fibre segments are attached to main layer. Shock-absorbing material is placed between fibre segments. Fibre segments consist mainly of, at least, one terephthalic acid polyester, in particular, poluethylene terephthalate (PET) from waste material. EFFECT: improvement of coating properties. 14 cl, 3 dwg
The invention relates to an artificial covering, in particular for sports fields, garden design, Golf courses, etc. with the main layer, multiple strands of fiber and cushioning material. In addition, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing artificial turf. Artificial turf is known mainly from the practice. Was proven effectiveness commit fibers like natural grass stems to the base and filling the gap between the fibers insulating material. Shredded tires are used, for example, as insulating material for filling. The disadvantage with artificial turf, known from practice, is that it is not sufficiently elastic and not recovered, or is recovered enough after exercise. In addition, shredded automobile tires pollute the environment. Therefore, the invention is based on the technical problem requiring artificial turf, fiber segments which reliably recover after exercise for a long period, which has beautiful appearance and high level of environmental compatibility, easy to manufacture, and which can be made profitable. In addition, the invention is based on the technical problem that requires a method of manufacturing artificial turf. To solve the technical problem, the invention provides an artificial turf, in particular for sports fields, with the main layer, multiple strands of fiber and shock-absorbing material in which the fiber segments attached to the core layer, in which the cushioning material is located between the line segments of the fiber, and in which the fiber segments are composed mainly of at least one polyester of terephthalic acid from waste materials, in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET) recycling and/or polybutylene terephthalate (RHT) of recyclable materials. Accordingly, the invention includes a core layer that is flat primary layer. As the base layer preferably is a fabric. Preferably the core layer consists of plastic and preferably of polyolefin and/or polyester of terephthalic acid, preferably of a polyester of terephthalic acid from waste materials. The fact that the segments of the fibers are composed mainly of at least one polyester of terephthalic acid from waste materials, means, in accordance with the invention that the segments of the fibers contain at least 50 wt.%, preferably at least 60 wt.%, preferably at least 70 wt.%, in the preferred case, at least 80 wt.% and according to a particularly preferred implementation at the ore to 90 wt.% polyester from scrap. In a very preferred case, the fiber segments are composed entirely of polyester of terephthalic acid from waste materials. In particular, according to the invention the polyester from scrap, which is used in accordance with the invention, is obtained from used plastic bottles and/or films. Used plastic bottles, it is advisable to grind so to "flakes". In accordance with one implementation, fiber segments contain at least one pigment and/or at least one UV stabilizer. Inorganic, mineral and/or organic pigment suitable for use as pigment. In accordance with the invention, the pigment included in the fiber segments and/or deposited on the fiber segments. Preferably, at least one pigment, which screens out UV radiation and/or at least one additive that absorbs UV radiation, contained in lengths of fiber or was deposited on the fiber segments in the form of a coating as a UV stabilizer. UV stabilizer contains at least one component selected from the group consisting of "benzotriazole, benzophenone, additives based on amine". According to one variant, the fiber segments formed as a single component fibers. According to a preferred implementation, the segments of the fiber, to form the data in the form of one-component fibers, consist of PET scrap, pigment and UV stabilizer. In principle for PET recycling is possible, additionally, the presence of impurities, for example, pigments, other plastics, etc. According to one variant, the fiber segments formed in the form of multicomponent fibers, preferably in the form of two-component fibers. In a multicomponent fibers preferably have a first plastic component and a second plastic component. Preferably, the first plastic component and a second plastic component is in each case formed one part of the cross-section of the multicomponent fibers. In principle, there may be a third plastic component and, if necessary, a variety or a variety of other plastic components to form in each case one part of the cross-section of the multicomponent fibers. Plastic components are preferably in each case arranged along the entire length or essentially over the entire length of strands of fibers or multicomponent fibers. Multicomponent fibers preferably consist only of two plastic components or formed as a two-component fibers. In accordance with a preferred implementation of the multicomponent fibers have a configuration "core shell". In accordance with izopet is of the first plastic component forms the sheath, and the second plastic component forms the core of the multicomponent fiber. Preferably, the first plastic component was surrounded by a second plastic component, at least partially, and preferably completely, or almost completely, and preferably along the entire length or nearly the entire length of the multicomponent fiber. Also possible in principle to the first plastic component was surrounded by a second plastic component is only part of the length of the multicomponent fiber. According to one implementation of the artificial turf in accordance with the invention at least one additional plastic component is located between the first plastic component and a second plastic component, and the additional plastic component preferably completely surrounds the second plastic component, and preferably completely surrounded by the first plastic component. Individual plastic components of the multicomponent fiber, in principle, can also be formed in other configurations, for example, side by side or island in the sea. Preferably, the first plastic component, in essence, consisted of at least one plastic from the group of PET, not used, PET scrap, RHT, not used, RHT from scrap". In choosing the accordance with the preferred implementation of the first component consists solely of PET, not used, and/or RHT, are not used. However, it is also possible that the first component consisted solely of PET scrap or RHT from scrap. In accordance with the invention, the second plastic component consists essentially of PET scrap and/or RHT from scrap. It is possible that the second plastic components contained impurities such as pigments and/or other plastics, etc. In accordance with one implementation, the second plastic component consists solely of PET scrap and/or RHT from scrap. The pigment and/or UV stabilizer is preferably contained at least in the first plastic component. In a particularly preferred implementation of the pigment and/or UV stabilizer is comprised exclusively of the first plastic component or applied to the first plastic component. In other words, the second plastic component does not contain pigment or UV stabilizer. In accordance with one implementation of the adhesive at least partially between the first plastic component and a second plastic component. Glue mainly surrounds the second plastic component is completely or almost completely along the length of the multicomponent fiber as the third plastic component. The third plastic component want is Ino surrounded by the first plastic component is completely or almost completely throughout the length of the multicomponent fiber. Shock-absorbing material preferably consists of plastic fibers, and plastic fibers of cushioning material formed as a single component fibers or preferably as a multicomponent fiber. In accordance with one implementation, a plastic fiber cushioning material is textured or twisted. In accordance with the invention, a cushioning material essentially contains at least one plastic selected from the group of PET, not used, PET scrap, RHT, not used, RHT from scrap". Shock-absorbing material preferably contains at least one pigment and/or at least one UV stabilizer and a pigment and/or UV stabilizer can be included in the cushioning material or applied on a shock-absorbing material. In accordance with one implementation, a plastic fiber cushioning material in each case are intertwined or twisted or curled with a downward twist of thread, at least partially, and preferably completely or almost completely. Thread mainly consists entirely or almost entirely of at least one component from the group polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), PET, not used, PET scrap, RHT, not the former in use is the consumption, RHT from recyclable materials, polyamide (PA)". The thread may accordingly be made in the form of smooth or very smooth filament extrusion. In accordance with one variant thread and plastic fiber cushioning material are fixed on the main layer independently of each other or next to each other in various needle stitched. In accordance with the additional option thread and plastic fiber cushioning material are fastened together to the core layer, single needle stitched. Preferably, the shock-absorbing material consisted of textured plastic fibers. "Twisted" in the context of the invention means that the plastic fiber cushioning material in each case is intertwined with the thread. In addition, the "twisted down twist" in the context of the invention means that the plastic fiber cushioning material in each case wrapped thread. In principle it is possible that the thread was wrapped or twisted with a downward twist around one plastic fiber cushioning material. Was proven effectiveness for each individual component of the multicomponent fibers of cushioning material to form one part of the cross-section of the multicomponent fiber. Individual components are predominantly t is translated or almost completely throughout the length of the multicomponent fibers of cushioning material. Preferably, the multicomponent fibers had the configuration of the "core-shell, and in accordance with the preferred implementation of the shell component completely, or almost completely surrounds the core component. The pigment and/or UV stabilizer are preferably shell component or printed on the shell component. Core component mainly consists mainly (more than 50% of the mass.) and preferably entirely of PET scrap, and/or RHT from scrap. It is desirable that the component shell was made mainly (more than 50% of the mass.) of PET, not used, or RHT, not used. The invention also provides a method of manufacturing an artificial covering in which the first at least one polyester of terephthalic acid from waste materials, in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET) recycling and/or polybutylene terephthalate (RHT) from scrap crystallized and dried, in which the polyester of terephthalic acid is then mixed in the extruder at least one pigment and/or at least one UV stabilizer, in which segments of fiber artificial turf ekstragiruyut in the form of one-component fibers and preferably in the form of multicomponent fibers in which the fiber segments are attached to the core layer. Poly the FYR of scrap mainly served in the extruder by means of a metering device and preferably by screw-dosing. In accordance with a preferred implementation of the method of the invention, the polyester of the scrap is mixed with the pigment and/or UV stabilizer in the extruder. As the extruder can be used, for example, single screw extruder, twin screw extruder, multi-shaft extruder or planetary extruder. In accordance with one variant of multicomponent fibers are made or ekstragiruyut using at least one and preferably at least two extruders. Multicomponent fibers containing mainly at least one polyester, and preferably two different polyester of terephthalic acid, which is selected from the group of PET, not used, PET scrap, RHT, not used, RHT from scrap". In accordance with a preferred implementation of the method of the invention at least one component of a multicomponent fiber consists mainly of PET scrap and/or RHT from scrap. At least preferably one component and in the preferred case, only one component of a multicomponent fiber comprises a pigment and/or UV stabilizer. In accordance with the invention, segments of the fibers attached to the primary layer of the padding. In accordance with one implementation of the extrusion of multi-component fibers in the filled condition, what multicomponent fibers have the configuration of the "core-shell and that at least one of the first plastic component, which forms the shell of strands of fiber, contains a pigment and/or UV stabilizer. In accordance with the invention, the second plastic component, which forms the core does not contain pigment or UV stabilizer. In other words, only the first plastic component is mixed with or coated with pigment and/or UV stabilizer. In accordance with the invention, the polyester of terephthalic acid from waste materials mixed in the extruder at least one chain extension. The chain extension is preferably attached to the terminal functional group of the first molecule of polyester and binds the first molecule with the second molecule of the polyester. Two mainly different molecules of the polyester of terephthalic acid are associated with each other so that the result is a lengthening of the main polymer molecular chains. Extender chain preferably contains at least one substance selected from the group lactam derivatives, derivatives oxazole, caprolactam derivatives". According to one implementation, a polyester of terephthalic acid from waste materials dried in the extruder, which is selected from the group of "single screw extruder, twin-screw the extra the EP, multi-shaft extruder or planetary extruder". In a preferred implementation, the polyester of terephthalic acid is dried in a multi-shaft extruder or planetary extruder. In accordance with the invention, the twin-screw extruder is used with bottom feed, provided that only 20-60%, preferably 30-50% of the working channels of the extruder is loaded polyester of terephthalic acid from waste materials. The polyester of terephthalic acid from waste materials mainly loaded into a twin-screw extruder through the metering device. Both screw extruder co-rotating twin screw extruder preferably have the same direction of rotation. The inner part of the extruder is mainly attached to the vacuum pump, which lowers the pressure inside the extruder. The content of low molecular weight compounds and water, it is desirable to reduce or remove them from the polyester of terephthalic acid inside the extruder under reduced pressure. In accordance with a preferred implementation of the method of the invention preferably crystallized and mostly failing pre-drying the polyester of terephthalic acid from waste materials, loaded into a twin-screw extruder through the metering device. Shock-absorbing material mainly located in the core layer between the segments of the fiber. In accordance with the invention, a shock-absorbing material consists of a single component fibers and preferably from multicomponent fibers. One-component fiber or multicomponent fiber cushioning material is preferably in the form of textured or twisted one-component or multicomponent fibers by extrusion of the compression chamber. In accordance with one implementation of the one-component fibers are composed mainly and preferably entirely of polyester of terephthalic acid from waste materials. Preferably, the multicomponent fiber cushioning material had the configuration of the "core-shell. Component core mostly consists mainly preferably entirely of polyester of terephthalic acid from waste materials and preferably completely or almost completely surrounded by the component of the shell. In accordance with one implementation of the shell component consists essentially of a polyester of terephthalic acid, are not used. In principle it is possible to manufacture shell component of the polyester of terephthalic acid from waste materials. In accordance with a preferred implementation of the method of the invention, the pigment and/or UV stabilizer is included only in the shell component or printed on the shell component. The image is a buy based on the detected that artificial turf in accordance with the invention has an unexpectedly high load bearing capacity. This means in particular that the segments of the fibers have high elasticity or elasticity. If artificial turf in accordance with the invention is subjected to frequent load at which the fiber segments are regularly bent, pieces of fiber regularly again restored completely. In the artificial turf in accordance with the invention also has attractive or optimal appearance even after prolonged service life or time of use. Essential for the invention is that artificial turf in accordance with the invention has excellent cushioning properties. Cushioning material in accordance with the invention is also characterized by a remarkable favorable properties with respect to the skin, resulting in, for example, the risk of injured athletes, fallen on artificial turf, is very low. This is achieved inter alia by the formation of textured fibers, which form a cushioning material. In addition, the environmental compatibility of artificial turf in accordance with the invention is non-critical. In addition, the invention is based on the detection the AI, that artificial turf in accordance with the invention can be made without problems from a readily available and cost-effective source materials in a manner in accordance with the invention. In addition, it is useful, in particular, the visual quality of the main components of the multicomponent fibers, which can be used as pieces of fiber and cushioning material has no or almost no effect on the appearance of artificial turf. Hereinafter the invention is explained in more detail using the figures, which shows only one exemplary implementation. In the figures, 1 schematically shows a side view of the artificial turf in accordance with the invention, Figure 2 schematically presents a perspective view of segments of fibers in accordance with the invention, and Figure 3 schematically presents a perspective view of a multicomponent fiber cushioning material. Figure 1 represents an enlarged view of the artificial turf in accordance with the invention. Preferably in an exemplary implementation, the segments of the fiber 1 is attached to the core layer 2. In an exemplary implementation, the base layer 2 is cloth. You can see that the cushioning material 3 in accordance with the invention is located in the core layer 2 between the line segments of the fiber 1. 2 p is found, what segments of the fiber 1 in accordance with the invention in an exemplary implementation formed in the form of a two-component fiber configurations are the core in the shell". In an exemplary implementation, the first plastic component, which forms the core 5 consists of PET scrap. According to figure 2, the second plastic component, which forms the shell 4 bicomponent fiber consists of PET, are not used. Not shown that the first plastic component also contains a pigment and UV stabilizer. Figure 3 is a two-component fiber 6 of cushioning material 3 in accordance with the invention, with the configuration of the core in the shell. Preferably in an exemplary implementation in accordance with figure 3, the component core 7 consists of PET scrap, while a component of the shell 8 is composed of PET, not used, which is mixed with pigment and UV stabilizer. Next, you can see in figure 3 that the two-component fiber 6 of cushioning material 3 is textured or twisted. In the two-component fiber 6 of cushioning material 3 has high elasticity and resilience, so that the segments of the fibers that pass through the cushioning material 3, reliably restored again after removing the load, for example, the Les bend when pressed. 1. Artificial turf, in particular for sports fields, garden design, Golf course, which includes a core layer (2), many segments of the fiber (1) and a shock-absorbing material (3), in which segments of the fiber (1) is attached to the core layer (2), shock-absorbing material (3) is located between the line segments of fibers (1), cutting the fibers (1) are composed mainly of at least one polyester of terephthalic acid, in particular of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and/or polybutylene terephthalate (RHT), and in which the polyester obtained from scrap. 2. Artificial turf according to claim 1, in which the fiber segments (1) contain at least one pigment and/or at least one UV stabilizer. 3. Artificial turf according to claim 1, in which the segments of the fiber (1) is formed as a single component fibers. 4. Artificial turf according to claim 1, in which the segments of the fiber (1) is formed in the form of multicomponent fibers and preferably in the form of two-component fibers. 5. Artificial turf according to claim 4, in which the multicomponent fibers have the configuration of the core in the shell. 6. Artificial turf according to claim 5, in which the first plastic component forms the sheath (4) and consists essentially of at least one plastic from the group of PET, not used, PET scrap, RHT, not the former in apotre the tion, RHT from scrap. 7. Artificial turf according to claim 5 or 6, in which the second plastic component forms a core (5) and consists essentially of PET scrap and/or RHT from scrap. 8. Artificial turf according to claim 1, in which the pigment and/or UV stabilizer is contained at least in the first plastic component. 9. Artificial turf according to claim 1, in which the cushioning material is made of plastic fibers and in which the plastic fiber cushioning material formed as a single component fibers and preferably as a multicomponent fiber. 10. Artificial turf according to claim 1, in which the plastic fiber cushioning material (3) in each case, twisted or curled with a downward twist of thread, at least partially, and preferably fully, or almost fully, and in which the thread is completely or almost completely at least one component selected from the group: polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), PET, not used, PET scrap, RHT, not used, RHT from scrap. 11. A method of manufacturing artificial turf according to claims 1 to 10, in which the first at least one polyester of terephthalic acid from waste materials, in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET) recycling and/or polybutylene terephthalate (RHT) of Illyria, is subjected to crystallization and dried, then mixed polyester in the extruder at least one pigment and/or at least one UV stabilizer, fiber segments (1) from artificial turf ekstragiruyut preferably in the form of multicomponent fibers, fiber segments (1) are attached to the core layer (2) and in the core layer (2) between the line segments of the fiber (1) have a shock-absorbing material (3). 12. The method according to claim 11, in which the extrusion of multi-component fibers is executed under the condition that the multicomponent fibers have the configuration of the core in the shell, and that at least one of the first plastic component, which forms the shell (4) segments of the fiber (1), contains a pigment and/or UV stabilizer. 13. The method according to claim 11, in which the polyester of terephthalic acid from waste materials are mixed in the extruder at least one chain extension. 14. The method according to claim 11, in which the polyester of terephthalic acid from waste materials dried in the extruder, which is chosen from the group: single screw extruder, twin screw extruder, multi-shaft extruder, planetary extruder.
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