Mechanism of opening of coplanar sliding door

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: mechanism of opening of a coplanar sliding door. The mechanism, in particular, makes it possible to re-equip of swinging doors into coplanar sliding ones without modification or with minimum improvements of item design. The area of application: wardrobes and inbuilt cabinets. The mechanism includes a hinged parallelogram that connects the door frame with one of parts of the guide of full extension, the other one, movable relative to the first one, the part of which is rigidly connected to the door. Also the mechanism includes two linear guide systems, carriages of which are connected with the frame by double card-table hinges, the middle cards of which are rigidly connected by a vertical shaft. The mechanism comprises a system, which balances movements of carriages along the guides. The author additionally gives an example of a simplest system built into the mechanism, which controls trajectory of door opening.

EFFECT: provision of the possibility for installation of coplanar sliding doors without limitations of design specific for this type of doors and shaping of items, where they are installed.

22 dwg

The technical field

The mechanisms of opening doors, door accessories.

The level of technology

"Coplanar" sliding door from a functional point of view is similar to the sliding plug doors. In the English-language literature relevant terms are "coplanar" and "sliding-plug". The first is used more often (in Russia only) to the mechanisms of the field of furniture industry: the mechanisms of body and built-in cabinets, interior doors and technological hatches, and the second to the mechanisms involved in transport. In this application I use this terminology.

As similar with the invention of the decisions I will consider the various options coplanar sliding doors, implying, however, that the invention has no analogues among the mechanisms sliding plug doors, common transport.

Despite the many patented designs coplanar doors, in mass production successfully used only one of them with slight variations. It is used on all products line "Slider" company "Bortoluzzi Sistemi", in particular in the mechanisms of "SliderS", the design of which is protected by a U.S. patent "US 7647728" (in addition, the European "ER 1613831" and a few others) and has one guide rail and the carriage, and mechanisms "SliderM" and "SliderL", use the two on rawsome rails (top and bottom covers of the Cabinet) and two carriage for each door. Its essence lies in the fact that the door moves along the front of the Cabinet being attached to a carriage which rolls along a horizontal line parallel to the facade along the guide rail; a carriage has a mechanism of sliding in the direction perpendicular to the facade, which allows the door to be in a position where the plane of the doors are the same, and out of it. Such movement is controlled shaped groove, which is in the process of movement of the door along the front through a special roller controls the opening of the carriage. For a better understanding of the construction expert may apply to the patent "US 7647728".

I know of patented solutions to this design is, indeed, the most simple, reliable and technologically advanced, and in fact there is no alternative for industrial production. Therefore, the prototype of the invention I believe the system SliderL" company "Bortoluzzi Sistemi". This system is the same as the patented invention, suitable for the establishment of Cabinet with multiple coplanar doors and is intended primarily for high cabinets (mostly clothing), i.e. cabinets with doors, whose width is much smaller than the height. Be familiar with the line "Slider" company "Bortoluzzi Sistemi" by downloading from the website "bortoluzzi.com" user's guide required product (eng. "Manual").

Next, I note the design of the prototype which causes the main disadvantage relative to the invention. To do this, I will consider the simplified design (which in any case does not distort the logic of construction and operation of a prototype), coinciding with the construction of the upper part of the whole product line "Slider" (although there are configuration "SliderS", where it is lower).

Consider figure 1. Rail 3 is fixed on the top cover of the Cabinet 4. With relay through a series of movable intermediate elements (constituting the so-called "carriage") are connected to the brackets 5 and 6. These brackets are rigidly fixed to the door 1 and 2. In figure 1 the door shown in the closed position. Look at figure 2. It one of the doors is open. Figure 3 shows an enlarged projection from the side (when looking along the long side of the top cover of the Cabinet) mechanism, when one of the doors is open. Figure 4 shows a frontal projection (when viewed along the short sides of the top cover of the Cabinet) Cabinet open.

From figure 4 clearly shows that the bracket 6 stands for the dimensions of the door, and from figure 2 and figure 3 it becomes clear why the bracket should extend beyond the frontal projection of the door. The same applies, of course, and the bracket 5. The brackets carry the weight of the doors and their thickness, i.e. vertical dimensions in figure 3 and figure 4, increases with increasing the mass of the door.

The presence in one form or another of the brackets with the specified feature is t the th design feature, which was mentioned above.

The situation with the brackets in practice means that the top cover of the Cabinet may lay the door on top. It is of course theoretically possible, but in this case:

1) between the door and the top cover should be a big gap for the passage of the bracket. Such a gap, if it is not included in the plan design (design) of the Cabinet, will disturb the aesthetics of the product. After reviewing the options of designs of cabinets, built on the basis of range "Slider", you can make sure that they end face of the top cover of the Cabinet is always closed door. Formally, this is not for the "SliderS" with lower location of the brackets, but only because they lower cover repeats the situation with the top in the rest of the product line "Slider".

2) is placed inside the Cabinet wide rail would interfere with the location of the vertical walls (partitions) inside the Cabinet. This is partly why in all cases, based on the range "Slider", the mechanism is useful outside of closet space, in particular on the top cover of the Cabinet.

Thus, the prototype certainly superior aesthetic characteristics of a normal (non-coplanar) sliding doors, inferior to the invention, which, unlike the prototype, imposes fewer restrictions on the design and, consequently, the freedom of the exterior of the Cabinet.

the beside of this, the mechanisms range "Slider" may not be less than two doors. This follows from the fact that in the process of opening bracket and the carriage facing towards the opening half of the width of the door beyond the doorway. I.e. outside of the doorway must be rail 3 (see figure 1, figure 2), which in most cases is impossible. Thus building a system with one door impossible. This is not a fault line "Slider" as such, because it is designed for the furniture may not be less than two doors. However, unlike the prototype, the invention allows to set a single coplanar doors, which expands the scope of its application.

It should be noted that there is a patented design, as the invention is devoid of the above limitations of the prototype and have similar scope. This is the design of U.S. patent US 3293801".

In the mentioned patent, attention levers 66 and 75, shown in figure 5. Only they associate the door with complex carriage, the door has a console docking. These levers should prevent the rotation of the door about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the facade, under the action of gravity of the door, and around the vertical axis, what will happen in the case of pressure by the user on the loose side of the door or pulling this side is s itself. The same applies to rods 97 bushings 95 figure 6. All of these elements and structural elements in the area of their attachment will bear a high load, especially in the case referred to actions of a user. Thus, they should be made quite massive (especially important their horizontal dimensions)that, due to design features greatly reduces the range of door opening (i.e. narrows useful doorway). Furthermore, the design of the mechanism is relatively massive.

Disclosure of inventions

Next, I will illustrate the invention using an appropriate design. In this section, and the mechanism that implements the invention, is shown connecting the door closed, covering her frame. This does not mean that the invention is intended for a single door or frame that nepremenno should be covering.

Figure 5 shows the door 2 in the frame 1 at the side opposite to the user (for example, from inside the Cabinet). With frame it is connected with the opening mechanism, which by the present invention. Next plane coinciding with the plane of the door in a closed state and a plane facing the viewer faces of the frame, will be called "facade".

Figure 6 frame 1 is hidden for the consideration of the mechanism. Consider 6. To the door 2 fixed rails-nab is alaysia 3 and 4, toothed rack 5 and 6 and the outer casing guide full extension 21. Guide full extension consists of a body 21, a slider 22 and the intermediate parts, which connect the housing and the slide so that the latter can move along the body, with regard to it only one degree of freedom. For rails 3 and 4 are attached to the carriage 7 and 8 so that the latter can be moved along the rails, having regard to them only one degree of freedom. In the carriage there is a hole where will be held the shaft 15. The shaft 15 is passed through the levers 11 and 12. The shaft 15 can rotate both levers and sliders. On the shaft 15 fixedly mounted gear 9 and 10, included in engagement respectively with the straps 5 and 6. The levers 11 and 12 still connected with the shaft 16. The shaft can rotate freely in the bearings 12 and 14, which are fixed to the door frame.

The slider 22 is connected by means of levers 19 and 20 with the supports 17 and 18 which are fixed to the door frame. The levers 19 and 20 can rotate in the horizontal plane relative to the slider and supports.

Consider the operation of the structure. Gears 9 and 10, being connected with the shaft 15, always make an equal number of turns. This means that the movement of the carriages 7 and 8 along the rails are equal. From this it follows that the shaft 15 and the shaft 16 are at the same angle to the long (7 they I have are vertical) edges of the door. In particular, the shafts can be always parallel to the long edges of door. In this case, securing the shaft through bearings 13 and 14 in the doorway vertically, we can be sure that the long edges of the door are always parallel to the vertical edges of the door frame regardless of the position of the carriages 7 and 8 on the guide rails 3 and 4. The system of the gear of the toothed bars then I will call "synchronization system", implying that it synchronizes the movement of the carriages 7 and 8 relative to the rails 3 and 4. The phrase "mechanism, directly equalizing move these points along their rails systems" in the claims means the mechanism with exactly this functionality. Figure 6 shows a synchronization system, consisting of two linked rack transmission, as the most simple in the sense of the description. However, its possible variant, based on the ropes, as will be shown below. Thus, the implementation of the synchronization system may be different, it is only important function to be executed.

The slider 22 along with the levers 19, 20 and the supports 17 and 18 (which, let me remind you, fixedly mounted on the frame) is a parallelogram. Its sides are connected pivotally, so the distance between the long sides may vary, but they will always stay parallel. In other words, the slider 22 will always parallel the n to the horizontal edges of the frame. Given the nature of its connection with the housing 21 and the housing 21 of the door 2, we can conclude that the horizontal edges of the door will be always parallel to the horizontal edges of the frame.

Swivel carriage 7 with the lever 11 and the lever 11 with a support 13 turn the combination of a carriage arm and a leg in dual card loop, i.e. card a loop consisting of three cards and two hinges. The lever 11 is the Central card of this loop. The same applies to positions 8, 12, and 14. The levers 11 and 12 are connected to stationary shaft 16, so their angular displacement of the same. Thus, the door connected to the frame by means of two floating hinge, the Central part of which is still associated shaft. Given that another connection of the door frame is described previously articulated parallelogram, we can conclude that the door is able to move in the direction perpendicular to its facade. Note: despite the fact that floating loops define the arcuate path of movement of the carriages 7 and 8, having at least one degree of freedom between the door and the carriage allows the door on the nomination of the frame to move along a rectilinear path perpendicular to the facade. To make the movement of the doors the desired trajectory must exist a mechanism for matching the rotation of the floating hinges and move the carriages along the rails. This mechanism is not I is the CIO in the claims, but will be presented in the section on the implementation of the invention.

7 shows the mechanism in the open state, i.e. when the door is open. On Fig mechanism is also shown the door in the open position (top view), while the door frame is displayed.

From figures 7 and 8 shows that the door has the possibility to be extended from the frame and shifted to the side despite the fact that the frame can be closed to cover the door leaf. The invention imposes on the structure and design of the Cabinet of limitations not more than hinges swing doors. The described mechanism will allow coplanar sliding doors where previously this was impossible, which is a technical result.

Brief description of drawings

Figure 1 - design of the prototype in the closed state, axonometric

Figure 2 - design of the prototype in the open state, axonometric

Figure 3 - design of the prototype in the open, look to the left

Figure 4 - design of the prototype in the open state, a front view

Figure 5 - construction of the invention in the closed state, the main types

6 is a construction of the invention in the closed state, axonometric

7 - design of the invention in the open state, axonometric

Fig - design of the invention in the open state, the view from the top

Fig.9 - feasible design image is etenia in the closed state, axonometric

Figure 10 is a feasible design of the invention in the closed state, the main types

11 - construction of the lower carriage of the invention, the main types

Fig - design of the upper carriage of the invention, the main types

Fig - synchronization system, front view

Fig diagram explaining the principle of loading cables synchronization system

Fig mechanism articulated parallelogram, front and top views

Fig mechanism articulated parallelogram with hidden parts, front and top views

Fig mechanism articulated parallelogram in the closed state, the view from the top

Fig mechanism articulated parallelogram in the process of opening, a top view

Fig mechanism articulated parallelogram in the process of opening, a top view

Fig mechanism articulated parallelogram in the process of opening, a top view

Fig - feasible design of the invention in the open state, the view from the user side, axonometric

Fig - feasible design of the invention in the open state, the view from the side opposite to the user, axonometric

The implementation of the invention

Design, described below, is implemented and fully functional. On-demand expert, I will provide a video of her work on digital media or a hyperlink to the address VI is Eufaula on the Internet.

Figure 9 shows the door in the closed position with the opposite user side connected with the mechanism that implements the invention. The frame of the door is not shown, but it left RefDes 1. Three main types of the same Assembly shown in figure 10, it is an addition to Fig.9, showing the door without breaking.

Consider figure 9. The shaft 16 is stationary connected to the levers 12 and 13. These levers, in turn, can rotate respectively in the bearings 14 and 15. To the shaft 16 fixed maps 26 and 27 of the hinge loops of the carriage, not visible in figure 9, but shown on figures 10, 11 and 12. Response card above loops 8 and 9 are the main parts of the sliders (sliders, functionally similar to the carriages 7 and 8 figure 6).

For a more detailed study of the carriages consider figures 11 and 12.

Figure 11 shows the lower carriage. To the map 9 is attached to the pulley 11 of the synchronization system. To the map through the sleeve 29 slidably attached to the arm 28, is installed on the bearing rollers 30 and 31. Support rollers are rolling in the guiding groove of the rails 3. The entire door weight is distributed evenly between the rollers 30 and 31 through the rocker 28. The plane of rotation of the rollers due to the shape of the gutter and the form of rollers under the influence of the weight of the door tends to coincide with the plane of symmetry of the gutter. This much is, what is the weight of the door arm 28 and connected with the card 9 remain parallel to the plane of the door. Because in addition map 9 pivotally connected to the card 27, which, in turn, fixedly connected to the shaft 16 parallel to the vertical edges of the door, it can be argued that the card 9 and the under carriage have one degree of freedom relative to rails 3.

On Fig depicts the upper carriage. To map 8 attached to the pulley 10 of the synchronization system. Map 8 still connected with the outer casing 23 of the guide full extension (shown in Fig.9) by means of bracket 32. Guide full extension consists of a body 23, the slide bar 22 (see figure 10) and the intermediate parts, which connect the housing and the slide so that the latter can move along the body, with regard to it only one degree of freedom. The slider 22 is fixedly mounted on the door, so the upper carriage can move in parallel to the horizontal edges of the door, due to a one degree of freedom.

In other words, the upper carriage as a guide system guide uses full extension. Let me remind you that the entire weight of the door carries the lower carriage, so the upper carriage is not transmitting on the slide full extension of any stress lying in planes other than horizontal.

Let us consider a system is the synchronization, using Fig (all other elements of the invention are hidden). Cable clamps 4, 5, 6 and 7 fixedly mounted on the door. The rollers 10 and 11 have two grooves. The cable 18 is fixed in the clamps 4 and 6 and is folded over the roller 10 to the left and through the roller 11 on the right. The distance between the rollers is fixed, and moving vertically impossible. Imagine that the line connecting the centers of the rollers 10 and 11, try to rotate counterclockwise. Obviously, the cable 18 will resist.

The cable 17 is fixed in the clamps 5 and 7, and thrown over the roller 10 to the right and through the roller 11 on the left. The cable 17 prevents rotation of the line connecting the centers of the rollers 10 and 11, in a clockwise direction.

Thus, line, saedinaiushaia the centers of the rollers 10 and 11, regardless of the horizontal movement of the rollers, will be under the same angle to the vertical, in particular will always be vertical.

The expert may ask about the required thickness of the cable. Below I will give a simple calculation according to the thickness of the rope from the weight of the door. Consider Fig. It schematically by the rectangle shows a certain door. She is pivotally connected to the floor at point 1. Assume that the plane of the door parallel to the plane of projection. Under the own weight of the door tends to rotate counterclockwise. In order to hold required at point 2 to apply a force, e.g. the run to the right. Let the weight of the door is equal to m, the height and width equal to F. Then the magnitude of the required force F is equal to:

$$F=\frac{mbg}{2a}\left(1\right)$$

where g is the acceleration of free fall.

If mentally to place the centers of the rollers 10 and 11, respectively, in points 2 and 1 pig, you will notice that the cable 18 in the figure 14 plays the role of a holding force F. That is, the cable will act tensile force F. In this case b in the formula 1 will be equal to the distance between the rollers. As the movement of the rollers 10 and 11 to the left (on Fig) tensile stress will decrease and disappear at the moment when the videos will be on the line that divides the distance between the cable clamps in half. Upon further movement of the rollers of the cable 17 will be loaded, and in the leftmost position of the rollers on it will act tensile force F.

Door wardrobes, typically have a width of not exceeding half the height. Their weight ranges from 5 kg (for plastic doors) up to 70 kg (solid wood).

For example will calculate the doors with a width of 1 m, a height of 2.2 m and a mass of 20 kg, the Distance between the rollers is equal to 2 m, because the mechanism depicted in Fig.9, reduces the distance between the rollers relative to the height is very approximately 0.2 m Then, substituting in the formula 1, the values a=2 m, b=1 m and m=20 kg, we get F=49 N. Each rope steel General purpose DIN 3055 diameter of 2 mm has a working load of 470 H. This means that the cable for this door is stronger than required. Even the door weight 100 kg will not exceed its workload. If you take a wire diameter of 1 mm, while its workload in 117 N for door weight 20 kg, we will still provide sufficient strength.

The calculation shows that even with conventional steel cable, you can build a synchronization system for doors with cables of small diameter (i.e. cables with small bending radii and the required diameters of the pulleys). Thus, one should not forget the existence of better cables, such as aramid.

An integral part of the design is referred to in the description section of the invention an articulated parallelogram. Here it consists of a guide full extension (remember, consisting of a body 23, the slider 22 and connecting the intermediate parts), the levers 19 and 20, and the supports 21 and 14. Note that the bearing 14 is a support arm 12. This articulated parallelogram is connected with the mechanism that coordinates the complete Assembly of the levers 12 and 13 and the shaft 16 with the movement of the body 23 along the slider 22. Such a mechanism is necessary for obtaining a trajectory of opening the door of any desired form, or, in the grove, to ensure that the door is accurately included in the frame. You can say that he "parks" the door in the frame, so I call it "jockeys". The Valet service is integrated in the hinge mechanism of a parallelogram and is inseparable from it. Consider Fig. The levers 19 and 20 are additionally connects the rod 33. It is connected with the articulated levers. As we will see from figures 17 through 20, the hinged parallelogram when the door is opened passes a position in which all its vertices are arranged in one line. After the passage of this provision side of a parallelogram can overlap, i.e. there will be distortion in the kinematics of the mechanism. Rod 33 prevents the possibility of such distortion. User mechanism is closed by a decorative screen 36. The bracket 34, which connects the slider 22 with the door surrounds, decorative screen, as seen in section a-A. I have included a screen 36 in the description, because it is an integral part of the mechanism maintaining the aesthetics of the products using the present invention, and its presence significantly affects the structural concepts of the mechanism depicted in Fig. The bracket 35 also connects the slider 22 with the door.

On Fig hidden levers 19 and 20 and support 21 and 14. Visible brackets 24 and 25 connecting the levers 19 and 20 with the housing 23. On an arm 24 pivoted latch 37. On the slider 22 through the mounting plates 40 and 41 still C is defined leading boss latches 38 and leading boss Valet Parking 39. The lugs are short cylinders with internal thread for mounting on the plate. The boss 38 may enter into shaped groove of the latch 37, turning it.

To understand the purpose of the bosses 38 and 39, consider figure 17 th to 20 th. In fact, they represent the animation of the process of opening the door in relation to the mechanisms of a parallelogram, and Valet service.

On Fig under the lever 19 to the dotted line shows the latch 37 and the boss 38. To the lever 19 by the screw 42 is attached a cylindrical boss 43 (boss 43 is seen in Fig). On the latch by the arrow labeled "Capture" the specified path cut in it, which she captures the boss 43 in the open state of the door.

Under the lever 20 by a dotted line shows the boss 39. Also, the dashed line denotes a guide shaped groove on the back side of the lever 20 (indicated by the inscription "Groove"). The boss 39 is included in this groove, thus forming a clear connection between the slider 22 and the lever 20.

Consider the process of opening the door. On Fig the door is closed. In Fig 18, the door starts to open. Notice how the boss 39 is moved inside the groove. Groove through the boss manages mutual position of the body 23 and slider 22 so that the door moves along the normal to the facade. This is shown by the dotted lines connecting the supports 14 and the brackets 35 on Fig and Fig. As opening shortly after the floor is the position of the door guide groove due to its shape ceases to move the slider 22 relative to the housing 23 and the door gently begins to move along the curved path to the right. When this boss 38 controls the latch 37, holding it in the open position.

On Fig door extended from the frame and strongly pushed aside. The boss 38 has led the latch 37 in the position close to the grip lugs 43.

On Fig boss 39 is ready to exit the guide groove and the latch 37 has captured the boss 43. The latch through the boss 43 blocks the rotation of the levers 19, 20, together with the levers 12 and 13. Thus, the next door will move to the right, but its movement in other directions is excluded. After of shaped groove of the latch will be released boss 38 (with further door opening), it may be held against accidental opening by friction or by a spring (not shown).

In the process of door closing process occurs in the opposite direction. On Fig and Fig shown open door, respectively, on the user side and on the reverse side.

The mechanism of opening coplanar sliding doors, including nomination of the door from the frame or housing in which it lies perpendicular to the plane of the doorway and shift the door parallel to this plane, characterized in that the door has two attachment points located on the opposite user, the surface of the door, one of which is located at the bottom of the door and the guide system moves parallel to the horizontal gra the pits door, and the other at the top of the door and moves in parallel to these faces so that a line drawn through these points is always under the same angle to the side edges of the door, in particular, always in parallel, provided that the mechanism directly equalizing move these points along their guiding systems; however, the attachment point connected to the door frame or casing enclosing the door, using dual card loops, i.e. loops consisting of three cards and the two hinges, which maps connecting the hinges, fastened by a vertical shaft, providing the same the angular position of these parts with respect to the frame that provides the likelihood of a door from the frame, while maintaining the parallelism of the planes of the door and frame is telescopic or other guide full extension, parallel to the guide systems of the fixing points of the door, one part of which is fixed to the door, and the other, slide out, still connected with the side of an articulated parallelogram, ensuring the parallelism of this part of the guide frame and due to the fact that one of its sides rigidly attached to the frame.