Method of final processing of drinking water |
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IPC classes for russian patent Method of final processing of drinking water (RU 2510887):
 Ultrasonic milk treatment device / 2510850
Flow-type ultrasonic milk treatment device contains ring-shaped piezosources of ultrasonic radiation assembled in the form of a hollow cylinder. The ultrasonic radiation sources are positioned so that the distance between such ultrasonic radiation sources and the milk duct wall is divisible by the ultrasound semi-wave length. The milk duct has a delivery and a discharge nipples; the resonance membrane is made of elastic rubber and positioned on the cylinder so that to enable radiation penetration outside through it. The milk duct represents a semicircular tray installed round the cylinder along a helical line. . The conjugated walls of the trays are interconnected with spot welding with the ends deflected in a semicircular manner to accommodate a sealing hose made of food rubber to that to enable gas or liquid supply through the said hose. On the milk duct coils there are indentations made for creation of a turbulent flow mode and intensive stirring of the milk being treated. Positioned on the helical milk duct surface are reinforcement ribs partly embedded into the indentations of the coils, the curved ends whereof are tightened with clips having clamping levers.
 Water cleaner / 2510637
Invention relates to water decontamination. Water cleaner comprises the following zones arranged in lengthwise vessel 1: water freezing, displacement of impurities from ice front and concentration of impurities as the brine, and transition of water from solid state to liquid state. Freezing zone accommodates circular freezer 2 and frozen water core 3 drive composed by toothed rollers 4 arranged there behind. Impurities displacement zone accommodates splitter arranged at frozen core center and circular heater 11 arranged there behind. Separate pipes 8, 12 are arranged at lengthwise vessel bottom to discharge impurities from said bottom. Said drive is equipped with extra frozen core booster composed by endless belt 15 with drive articulated with that of toothed rollers 4. Position of said endless belt 15 relative to vessel 1 is controlled by tension rollers 16.
 Lightweight modular water treatment plant with pump optional drives / 2509736
Invention relates to water treatment plant to be deployed in situ. Proposed system comprises several modules interconnected by water lines. Said modules include at least one water filter, at least one water pump connected therewith, motor and ICE. Note here that said modules include filter module, two pump drive modules composed by said motor and said ICE. Pump allow selection of its drive by engagement with either said motor or ICE. Note here that said motor and ICE can be alternatively engaged with said pump and pump feed line. Flexibility and compact lightweight design are optimised by pump component to be mounted using standard fittings in alternative modules of primary propulsors which allow accommodate and feed the pump.
 Method for biosorption purification of water from heavy metal ions using saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast / 2509734
Invention relates to biotechnology and can be used in biological treatment of waste water from electroplating plants from heavy metal salts. The method involves adding yeast biomass to waste water, said biomass being in form of brewery wastes containing a combination of yeasts of different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with viability of 90-95% in a given amount. The biomass is mixed with the waste water to obtain a suspension. The obtained suspension is held for 8 hours at temperature of 10°C-29°C and solution pH of 5.5-8.0, followed by recycling spent yeast containing heavy metals by treating with lime Ca(OH)2, with the ratio of yeast biomass to lime of 1:5-8, to obtain a mixture. The obtained mixture is subjected to wet treatment at temperature of 90°C for 1 hour, followed by isolation of the obtained mixture, which contains heavy metals, in concrete paste.
 Contact tank for treating water with ozone (versions) / 2509732
Invention relates to water supply and specifically to treatment of water from surface sources by treatment with zone and can be used, in particular, to disinfect drinking water in water supply systems of cities and settlements. The contact tank includes: a pressure compartment with a water supply system, a discharge compartment with a system for discharging water to the consumer, a well as a system for feeding an ozone-gas mixture, a system for removal thereof and destroying residual ozone, gas-dispersing elements mounted in the bottom part of the contact tank and fitted with units for swirling the water stream in form of centrifugal sprayers, inputs of which are linked with the water supply system, which provides the necessary water pressure drop on the sprayers, and output nozzles in form of a circular slit are placed over the perforated surface of the gas-dispersing elements and parallel to said surface. Nozzles of the sprayers enable to wash off small emerging bubbles of the ozone-gas mixture with a flat jet of water and increase the degree of absorption of ozone with water. Systems for feeding raw water from the pressure compartment into the contact tank and feeding ozonised water into the discharge compartment are in form of perforated pipes mounted above the contact tank, under the level of the water and at the bottom, below the dispersing elements, parallel to each other and plugged at one end, wherein open ends of the pipes are linked with either the pressure compartment or the discharge compartment. Inputs of the centrifugal sprayers are linked with the pipes, through the open ends of which water enters from the pressure compartment, wherein the gas-dispersing elements have an ordinary disc shape and are uniformly arranged on the cross-section of the contact tank to form passages for allowing water and maintenance. The disclosed contact tank has two versions. In the first version (dwg. 1), open ends of the perforated pipes in the top part of the contact tank are linked with the pressure compartment, and open ends of the perforated pipes in the bottom part of the contact tank are linked with the discharge compartment. The version provides counterflow of water and the ozone-gas mixture. In the second version (dwg. 2), open ends of the perforated pipes in the top part of the contact tank are linked with the discharge compartment, and open ends of the perforated pipes in the bottom part of the contact tank are linked with the pressure compartment of the contact tank. The version provides co-current flow of water and the ozone-gas mixture. In both versions, inputs of the centrifugal sprayers mounted on the gas-dispersing elements are linked with the pressure compartment of the contact tank.
Method of iodide removal / 2509731
Invention relates to reduction of concentration of iodide compound in fluid with the help of ion-exchange resin. Proposed method comprises bringing fluid in contact with resin whereat aid resin comprises strong-acid macroporous resin with at least 1% of acid functional groups turned into silver, dry mass of at least 5.0 eq/kg, mean pore diameter (D50) equal to about 400-800 Ǻ, pore volume of at least 0.4-0.6 ml/g and specific surface area of about 20-40 m2/g.
 Device and method of continuous thermal hydrolysis of biological material / 2509730
Invention relates to continuous thermal hydrolysis of sludge including biological material. This method comprises continuous feed of biological material to tubular reactor feed zone to increase the pressure and to maintain temperature equal to 100-200°C without boiling of biological material. Steam is fed to reactor steam feed zone to increase temperature to 100-200°C. Pressure inside reactor is maintained for preset time of 0-5 hours. Water is fed into rector cooling zone to down the temperature to below 100°C and biological material is fed to discharge zone. Proposed device comprises tubular reactor with inlet for feeding sludge therein at inlet zone, inlet to feed steam into reactor steam inlet zone, inlet to feed cooling water to reactor cooling zone, and used sludge outlet.
Method of producing peat-based reagent for treating industrial water / 2509060
Invention relates to treatment of industrial waste water or recycling water with weakly alkaline reaction of heavy metal ions through conversion thereof into partially water-soluble compounds whose mobility in natural media is strongly limited, and specifically to production of reagents for treating said water based on peat. The method involves crushing and grinding peat, diluting the ground peat with water, mechanically activating the obtained mixture by adding an alkali solution, subjecting to intense mechanical action and neutralising the obtained reagent with an acid. The reagent is produced using peat with natural moisture content, crushing and grinding of which is carried out while mixing said peat with water. Alkaline extraction and activation are carried out simultaneously by directly adding alkali to the activator, and the obtained product is treated with oxalic acid until full neutralisation of the obtained reagent. The water used to dilute the mixture, acid and alkali is not heated. The disclosed technique of producing the reagent is easy to implement, does not require large capital investments and is completely wasteless.
 Droplet forming devices for liquid treatment and methods of forming filtered droplets in liquid treatment device / 2509059
Liquid treatment device includes a housing (20), having a top part (12), having a top reservoir which receives an unfiltered liquid, a lower part (14), having a lower reservoir (18) which receives filtered liquid, and an intermediate part (38), having a droplet forming liquid filtering system (46). The droplet forming liquid filtering system (46) has a liquid supply system with a rain effect, which receives liquid from the top reservoir and has a liquid supply surface for forming separate free liquid droplets (48) in the region of the liquid supply surface. The liquid supply system with a rain effect has a liquid receiving surface. Between the liquid receiving surface and the liquid supply surface there are passages capable of allowing passage of filtered liquid and forming a hanging droplet which sticks to the liquid supply surface.
 Droplet forming devices for liquid treatment and methods of forming droplets in liquid treatment device / 2509058
Liquid treatment device includes a housing (20), having a top part (12), having a top reservoir which receives an unfiltered liquid, a lower part (14), having a lower reservoir (18) which receives filtered liquid, and an intermediate part (38), having a liquid supply system with a rain effect, which receives liquid from the top reservoir. The liquid supply system with a rain effect includes a plurality of droplet forming elements, which ensure presence of a plurality of points of forming discrete droplets. Each of the plurality of droplet forming elements has lateral sides extending outwards in the direction of a lower reservoir (18) to the top of the droplet forming element to form part of a liquid supply surface. The liquid supply surface of the plurality of droplet forming elements has surface energy for accumulation of the filtered liquid to form hanging droplets.
Method of obtaining chemosorbent / 2510868
Invention relates to field of obtaining chemosorbents, which are applied for means of protection of respiratory organs and for purification of discharge gases. Method of obtaining chemosorbent includes impregnation of activated coal granules with modifying solution, maturing granules and their thermal processing. Active coal with volume of micropores 0.36-0.55 cm3/g is subjected to impregnation. Impregnation solution contains copper sulfate, water and sulfuric acid in ratio 1:(8-10):(0.3-0.5). Coefficient of impregnation constitutes 0.8-1.0.
Method of obtaining active coals from charges of coking production / 2507153
Invention relates to method of obtaining active coal. Method includes separation of 1-3 mm fraction from charge for layered high-temperature coking and the following stages: oxidation with air oxygen at temperature 250°C with rate of temperature increase from room to specified temperature 15-20°C/min with keeping at final temperature for 2.5 hours, carbonisation of oxidised raw material with temperature increase with rate 5°C/min to temperature of carbonisation 550-650°C, with keeping at temperature of carbonisation for 60 minutes, and activation of obtained products with water steam to 35-40% burn at temperature 950°C.
Method of purifying water solutions from pyridine / 2502679
Invention can be applied for purification of technological sewages of chemical industry enterprises. Method of purifying water solutions from pyridine by adsorption by activated coal includes processing of activated coal with ammonium chloride with concentration 5 mg/dm3 for 3 hours. Ratio of activated coal weight to volume of ammonium chloride constitutes 1:100. Pyridine adsorption from its water solution is carried out in static conditions.
 Installation and method of obtaining activated coal / 2501732
Coal is obtained by carbonisation and following activation of polymeric organic, sulfonated initial substances. Installation includes means of drying for drying initial substances, means of sulfonating, placed downstream relative to means of drying. Further, installation contains means of carbonisation, placed downstream with respect to means of sulfonating, as well as means of activation, placed downstream with respect to means of carbonisation, where activation of carbonised products is performed. Installation also includes means of processing discharged gases, which are formed in means of carbonisation and/or in means of activation in the course of process. All discharged gases are subjected to afterburning.
Method of obtaining activated coal / 2490207
Invention relates to technological processes of obtaining wood-based active coal. Method of obtaining activated coal lies in drying, carbonisation and activation of raw material in reactor and in further discharge of obtained product. As raw material used is wood chips with particle size from 1 mm to 10 mm and initial humidity from 30% to 70%. Drying, carbonisation and activation are carried out with straight flow movement of chips through reactor with rate of temperature rise in it 20-80°C/min to pyrolysis temperature 800-900°C, at which air is supplied into reactor.
 Porous carbon material, method for production thereof, adsorbents, masks, absorbent sheets and carriers / 2488556
Invention relates to carbon materials. Described is a method of producing porous carbon material from silicon-containing plant material. The method involves carbonising plant material by temperature treatment, treating with acid or alkali, followed by activation. The porous carbon material has nitrogen BET specific surface area of at least 130 m2/g, mesopore and micropore volume of at least 0.1 cm3/g, measured by BJH method and MP method and containing more mesopores smaller than 20 nm than mesopores having size of at least 20 nm. The obtained material is used, for example, as an adsorbent, an adsorbent for oral administration, a medical adsorbent, a creatinine adsorbent, a cap for blood purification columns, a water treatment adsorbent, a mask, an adsorbent sheet, a medicine carrier and a carbon-polymer complex.
 Porous carbon material, method for production thereof, adsorbents, masks, absorbent sheets and carriers / 2488555
Invention relates to porous carbon materials. Disclosed is a material obtained by reducing silicon content in plant material, such as sugar cane, seaweed stems, rice husks and straw. The method of producing porous carbon material from silicon-containing plant material involves carbonising plant material during high-temperature treatment, treating with acid or alkali, followed by activation. The disclosed carbon material has nitrogen BET specific surface area of at least 10 m2/g, mesopore volume of at least 2.2 cm3/g, measured by mercury press-in method, mesopore volume of at least 0.1 cm3/g, measured by BJH method and MP method. The obtained carbon material can be used, for example, as a medical adsorbent, a creatinine adsorbent, a cap for blood purification columns, a water treatment adsorbent, an adsorbent sheet, a medicine carrier and a carbon-polymer complex.
 Carbon sorbent with antibacterial properties and method for preparing it / 2481848
Group of inventions refers to a method for preparing a carbon sorbent with the antibacterial properties, and to the carbon sorbent with the antibacterial properties prepared by this method. The declared method involves impregnation of the carbon hemosorbent granules in an initiator solution in N-vinylpyrrolidone at pH 7.0-7.5 and a residual pressure of 15-20 mm Hg. The hemosorbent : initiator solution in N-vinylpyrrolidone ratio is 1:1.4-2.0. Then the temperature is raised to 65-75°C, kept at that temperature for 0.5-8 hours in an inert medium and washed in water from the residual monomer at room temperature.
 Activated carbon from microcrystalline cellulose / 2480407
Invention relates to production of activated carbon. Disclosed is a method of forming activated carbon from microcrystalline cellulose, involving: converting microcrystalline cellulose powder into microcrystalline cellulose granules by mixing microcrystalline cellulose powder with water and extrusion to obtain spherical granules. The method involves carbonisation the microcrystalline cellulose to obtain carbonised microcrystalline cellulose and activation of the carbonised microcrystalline cellulose to obtain activated carbon. Disclosed also is a method of making a smoking article filter which contains the obtained activated carbon granules, and a method of making a smoking article having said filter.
 Carbonisation and (or) activation of carbon material / 2478573
Invention relates to a method for carbonisation and activation of carbon material and an externally heated revolving furnace for realising said method. The revolving furnace has an inlet and a discharge side, with an inclination downwards towards the discharge side, annular partition walls lying along the furnace for controlling movement of the material and hoisting boards between the partition walls for mixing the material and parts which raise the material upwards and force the raised material to fall in stages into the lower part of the revolving body. The method involves feeding material into the discharge end of the furnace. The material is fed into the furnace in an atmosphere of water vapour or carbon dioxide, essentially free from oxygen. Temperature which is sufficient for drying or removing the solvent from the material without carbonisation is maintained in the first zone of the furnace. Temperature maintained in the second zone lying downstream from the first zone is sufficient for carbonisation of the material, and the temperature maintained in the third zone lying downstream from the second zone is sufficient for activation of the carbonised material.
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FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to processing of drinking water with application of sorption purification. Method of final purification of drinking water includes mechanical filtration of water through wooden activated carbon sorption charge and introduction of sodium hypochlorite into initial filtered water. Filtration of initial water is carried out at specified rate, corresponding to time of contact of filtered water with sorption charge for 8-12 minutes. Index of oxidisability in filtrate is periodically measured. If index of oxidisability in filtrate increases by 25-30%, specified rate of filtration is reduced by 2-3 fold. Sodium hypochlorite is introduced into initial filtered water with concentration 60-80 mg/l, after which sorption charge is washed with reverse flow of purified water. EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase sorption capacity of carbon in the process of final processing of water. 2 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl
The invention relates to the field of processing of natural waters, and in particular to methods processing (purification) of drinking water using adsorption water treatment on activated charcoal. Drinking water intended for public use, comes in the house with water treatment plants (WTP) for water supply networks. Hygienic requirements to water quality of centralized drinking water supply systems regulated SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 [1]. BOC provide at the output of the required quality drinking water, but to the consumer in the home can enter water that does not meet the requirements specified SanPiN, mainly because of the technical state of pipelines through which it is transported. While the transported water can again be contaminated with iron compounds (allowable concentration of 0.3 mg/l)suspended solids (1.5 mg/l), bacterial contamination, it also may be a heightened color (valid 20 degrees PCS - platinum-cobalt scale) and oxidation (5 mg O/l). Therefore, this water intended for drinking and cooking should be subject to post-treatment (final processing) in one way or another directly from the consumer (consumer groups, for example, the scale of the dwelling house). In the process of conditioning (post-treatment) water on what I'm drinking the most widely and has long been applied sorption water treatment on activated charcoal (settled in Switzerland GI, Mintz D.M., A. Kastalsky Preparation of water for drinking and industrial water supply. - M.: Higher. school, 1984. - S-229). A serious disadvantage of the use of activated carbons in practice is the low efficiency of their regeneration, and the complexity of its implementation. Regeneration of coals may be chemical, thermal and biological methods. For the regeneration of activated carbons in order to restore their sorption capacity of the chemical method is used, the oxidant entering it in the source water before applying to the column adsorbents. In recent years, as the oxidizing agent for the treatment of tap water is widely used solutions of sodium hypochlorite with, including prolonged bactericidal action. The present invention is the recovery of the sorption capacity of the coal filter load during processing water. The technical result is to increase the sorption capacity of coal during processing water. The problem is solved as follows. The method of processing of drinking water includes mechanical filtration of raw water through activated charcoal coal sorption load at a given speed, corresponding to the time of contact of the filtered water sorption loading, usually within 8 to 12 minutes, the ri that periodically measure the rate of oxidation in the filtrate, and with the increase of 25-30% of the rate of oxidation in the filtrate of a given filtration rate reduce by 2-3 times, and in the original filtered water is injected sodium hypochlorite concentration of 60-80 mg/l, after which the sorption download washed with reverse current of purified water. This cycle periodic cleaning sorption load reverse current of purified water is produced to the point of loss of sorption loading regulated standards of water purification. For example, it is known that the degree of water purification in the Russian Federation is regulated SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 "Drinking water. Hygienic requirements to water quality of centralized drinking water supply systems. The quality control. Hygienic requirements to safety of hot water systems". Improving the sorption capacity of coal to reduce oxidation during processing water in the present invention is accomplished through the use of higher concentrations of sodium hypochlorite periodically and briefly at low speed filtration. Treatment with sodium hypochlorite concentration of 60-80 mg/l is only an increase of 25-30% of the rate of oxidation in the filtrate established by the results of periodic measurements relative to previous figures oxidation in fil is rata, for example, on the best rate of oxidation in the filtrate defined at the initial stage of filtration. Elevated concentrations of sodium hypochlorite contribute to the removal of the shielding action of organic contaminants on the surface of grains of the carbon filter. The use of sodium hypochlorite with a low concentration in the well-known "classic" oxidative sorption scheme water treatment is much less effective than using the same reagent for regeneration of coals periodically in large doses and short-lived. When applying the filter sorption loading of sodium hypochlorite concentration of 60-80 mg/l, there is a partial discharge in the filtrate organic contaminants, previously detained in the pores of the coal, which is caused by the oxidation of humus and other organic compounds detained in the pores of the coal at the stage sorption and release in the filtrate, which, in essence, is the regeneration of waste at the stage sorption coals. When the backwash filter reverse current drinking water total cleaning efficiency is restored. Backwashing necessarily performed after each stage of processing filter loading with sodium hypochlorite. Regeneration of activated carbons with sodium hypochlorite in the filtering process allows you to restore Sorbs is by the ability to reduce oxidation, which is the decisive indicator for determining the sorption capacity of activated carbons. Regeneration using aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution with the utmost dose of active chlorine 70 mg/l according to the present invention increases the sorption capacity of the activated coal sorption load on the overall treatment effect by 25%. Thus, periodically, an increase of 25-30% of the rate of oxidation in the filtrate filtration rate reduce by 2-3 times compared to the original, with a dose of sodium hypochlorite concentration of 60-80 mg/l, while providing a stable indicators of purified water. Thus, in the present invention the problem is solved and achieved the stated technical result. For the regeneration of activated carbons dose of active chlorine in water with sodium hypochlorite were determined experimentally. Determined the optimal dose of sodium hypochlorite as follows: water with given different doses of active chlorine (starting with 1 mg/l and further upwards) was treated in the adsorption columns with activated carbon source (AUREF) to get the maximum results from water quality parameters. Scheme of the process is represented by the following stages: 1. through the columns with AUREFit was missing the 160 l water sample with a given (regular) linear filtration rate of 2.5 m/h to reduce the sorption capacity of coal, the decline of the effect of treatment on oxidation up to 30% testified about the need for regeneration, but the quality of the treated water meets the requirements of SanPiN; 2. in 10 l water sample was injected with sodium hypochlorite based production of the active dose of chlorine in a solution of 1 mg/l after a contact with a hydrogen peroxide solution for 10 minutes, water was supplied to column AUREFmoreover , the linear speed of the "regeneration" of the filter was reduced to 1 m/h, which is 2,5 times in comparison with a given (standard) linear velocity. At this time, contact the filtered source of chlorinated tap water sorption loading was about 20 min, which is 2,5 times more than when filtering with "regular" linear filtration rate; 3. similarly, paragraph 2, the concentration of active chlorine in the treated water to 2 mg/l; 4. similarly, paragraph 2, the concentration of active chlorine in the treated water 5 mg/l; 5. similarly, paragraph 2, the concentration of active chlorine in the treated water is 70 mg/l; 6. backwashing was carried out with tap water to a volume of 5 l; 7. through the adsorption column AUREFmissed 25 l water sample with a speed of 2.5 m/h; 8. backwashing was carried out with tap water to a volume of 5 l; 9. similarly, paragraph , the concentration of active chlorine in the treated water 30 mg/l; 10. backwashing was carried out with tap water to a volume of 5 l; 11. through the adsorption column AUREFmissed 30 l water sample with a speed of 2.5 m/h; 12. similarly, paragraph 2, the concentration of active chlorine in the treated water to 10 mg/l; 13. backwashing was carried out with tap water to a volume of 5 l; 14. through the columns with AUREFmissed 25 l water sample with a speed of 2.5 m/h After each stage of the research was determined by the normalized quality of the water treated in AUREF. Specially after stage 5 (concentration of active chlorine in the treated water of 70 mg/l) in the filtrate was determined by the content of active chlorine, which, as it turned out, was permissible and was 0.45 mg/L. As the controlled characteristics of the source and treated water were taken most characteristic and promptly tested parameters: pH, total iron (Fe, mg/l)permanganate oxidability (CA, mg/l) and chroma of tap water (C, deg). The results of research on the effectiveness of the final processing of drinking water is given in table 1. The table presents the indicators of the quality of the source water, treated with activated charcoal (AUREF 5,2
The results of research on the chromaticity is shown in figure 1. The results of studies on other regulated parameters (oxidation, total iron) is similar to the results by color. Figure 1 shows: 1 - dose 1 active chlorine mg/l; 2 - dose active chlorine 2 mg/l; 3 - dose active chlorine 5 mg/l; 4 - the dose of the active chlorine 70 mg/l; 5 - dose AK is positive chlorine 30 mg/l; 6 - dose active chlorine 10 mg/L. In the result, it was found that the use of sodium hypochlorite with a low concentration in the "classic" oxidative sorption scheme water treatment is much less effective than using the same reagent for regeneration of coals periodically in large doses and short-lived. Thus, it is established that: - regeneration of activated carbons with sodium hypochlorite in the filtering process allows you to restore the sorption ability to reduce oxidation, which is the decisive indicator for determining the sorption capacity of activated carbons; analysis and comparison of the data reveals that water regeneration using sodium hypochlorite according to the developed scheme increases the sorption capacity AUREFas a General cleaning effect by 25%. 1. The method of processing of drinking water, including mechanical filtration of the water through activated charcoal coal sorption loading, and the introduction of the original filtered water, sodium hypochlorite, characterized in that the filtering source water exercise at a given speed, corresponding to the time of contact of the filtered water sorption download for 8-12 minutes, while periodically measuring the rate of oxidation in the filtrate, and when uvelicheniya 25-30% of the rate of oxidation in the filtrate of a given filtration rate reduce by 2-3 times, the sodium hypochlorite is injected into the source of filtered water with a concentration of 60-80 mg/l, after which the sorption download washed with reverse current of purified water. 2. The method of processing of drinking water according to claim 1,
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