Method for biosorption purification of water from heavy metal ions using saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast

IPC classes for russian patent Method for biosorption purification of water from heavy metal ions using saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast (RU 2509734):

C12R1/865 - INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C-C12Q; OR C12S, RELATING TO MICRO-ORGANISMS

C12Q1/02 - involving viable micro-organisms

C02F3/34 - characterised by the micro-organisms used

C02F103/16 - TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE (processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances A62D0003000000; separation, settling tanks or filter devices B01D; special arrangements on waterborne vessels of installations for treating water, waste water or sewage, e.g. for producing fresh water, B63J; adding materials to water to prevent corrosion C23F; treating radioactively-contaminated liquids G21F0009040000)

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FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to biotechnology and can be used in biological treatment of waste water from electroplating plants from heavy metal salts. The method involves adding yeast biomass to waste water, said biomass being in form of brewery wastes containing a combination of yeasts of different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with viability of 90-95% in a given amount. The biomass is mixed with the waste water to obtain a suspension. The obtained suspension is held for 8 hours at temperature of 10°C-29°C and solution pH of 5.5-8.0, followed by recycling spent yeast containing heavy metals by treating with lime Ca(OH)₂, with the ratio of yeast biomass to lime of 1:5-8, to obtain a mixture. The obtained mixture is subjected to wet treatment at temperature of 90°C for 1 hour, followed by isolation of the obtained mixture, which contains heavy metals, in concrete paste.

EFFECT: invention increases efficiency of purifying waste water from heavy metal ions.

3 tbl, 3 ex

The invention relates to the treatment of industrial waste water from heavy metal ions and can be used in biological wastewater treatment electroplating shops of machine-building enterprises of metallurgical enterprises and enterprises with heat production from heavy metal salts.

The method is to use the biomass of living brewing yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae at a concentration of 10 g/DM³for sorption of heavy metals. The removal of heavy metals from wastewater is one of the major environmental problems. In recent years it has been solved with the use of microorganisms as a means to extract heavy metal ions. In this regard, studied the growth kinetics and sorption of Cu²⁺in four cultures: Aspergillus niger, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Saccharomycopsis lypolytica and Saccharomyces cerevisae. Better sorption properties was observed in yeast S.cerevisiae and mushrooms Ph.chrysosporium. Was studied in detail the effect of the concentration of Cu²⁺on the sorption capacity and the growth of these strains. It was found that the biomass growth decreases with increasing concentration of Cu²⁺. Copper ions with a concentration of 50 mg/l have a weak inhibitory effect, and at concentrations exceeding 250 mg/l period of adaptation of cells was greater, and their growth has slowed.

The sorption of Cu²⁺the two investigated strains turned out to be the Xia fast. Up to 75% Cu²⁺was absorbed within the first 6 hours.

Were calculated adsorption capacity of two sorbents. Greater sorption capacity has S.cerevisiae (3.5 mg/g)than Ph.chrysosporium (2.5 mg/g).

Known "Method of biological purification of liquids from radionuclides and heavy metals and strain of the fungus RHIZOPUS ARRHIIIRUS BKMF-592 used to obtain biomass, extracting radionuclides and heavy metals from liquids, comprising a processing liquid sorbent in the form of biomass of fungi species Phizopus arrhirus related to the strain of the fungus RHIZOPUS ARRHIIIRUS BKMF-592.

RF patent for the invention №2024080, IPC: C02F 3/34, D. publ. 1994.11.30. Known "Method of bio-sorptional wastewater from heavy metal ions", providing for the preparation of the nutrient medium, the cultivation of microorganisms, making microorganisms in waste water, mixing, sedimentation, while the nutrient medium contains starch, soy flour, crushed feather, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, calcium carbonate, hydroalcoholic potassium and water in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

starch	5,0	soy flour	0,5
crushed pen	1,0	zinc sulfate	0,02
ferric sulfate	0,01	calcium carbonate	0,4
hydroalcoholic potassium	0,08	water	rest

RF patent for the invention №2312073, IPC: C02F 3/34, D. publ. 2007.12.10.

The disadvantage of these methods is the use of mutant strains, which require sophisticated technology of cultivation on expensive nutrient media, complicated preparation of the biomass, adjustment of the wastewater in the process of sorption. The necessary purification efficiency was achieved only at low concentrations of heavy metals that are not typical for wastewater electroplating facilities. In addition, these methods are not based on sorption of heavy metals, and flocculation.

The closest analogue to the method proposed in the invention as the technical solution is the Way biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions", including the preparation of the nutrient medium, the cultivation of microorganisms, introduction to the culture medium of microorganisms in water with formation of an aqueous solution. The sorbent used strains of Aspergillus nigr, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Saccharomycopsis lypolytica and Saccharomyces cerevisae. A significant disadvantage of this method is that the sorption of heavy metals was carried out not from wastewater and from the culture medium, containing large amounts of carbohydrate (20 g/l) and other nutrients. In this environment, the microbial cells are in exponential phase (accelerated) growth, which reduces their sorption capacity and determines the low efficiency of extraction of heavy metal ions. [Mihova St., Godjevargova T. Biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions, 2000, 4]

The technical result of the method is to increase the efficiency of wastewater treatment from heavy metal ions by biomass of live residual yeast brewing waste industries, containing the Association of microorganisms with different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae viability 90-95. Additionally, the method allows to achieve the intensification of the cleaning process and increase its profitability.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that "the WAY bio-sorptional PURIFICATION of WATER FROM HEAVY METAL IONS using the YEAST "Saccharomyces cerevisiae" will be included in the waste water of the biomass of yeast in brewing waste production. Waste brewing production include the Association of different yeast strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae viability of 90-95%, the number is e 10 g/DM ³waste water. Then carry out the mixing of yeast biomass from the waste water to form a suspension. Withstand the resulting suspension for 8 hours at a temperature from 10°C to 29°C and a pH of 5.5 to 8.0. Consistently carry out further disposal of spent yeast containing heavy metals, by treating them with lime CA(Oh)₂when the ratio of the biomass of yeast: lime, equal to 1:5-8. with the mixture. When utilized, the mixture is subjected to wet processing at a temperature of 90°C for one hour, followed by isolation of the resulting mixture, containing heavy metals, in the concrete mixture.

This product after treatment with lime can be used as a protein plasticizer for concrete mixtures used in construction.

Examples of specific implementation method.

As biosorbent used three strains of brewing yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).

The brewing yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain SC1;

The brewing yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain SC2;

The brewing yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain SC3;

Dry yeast (product drying SC1, SC2, SC3 strains).

Chitin-glucan complex obtained from yeast (product processing SC1, SC2, SC3).

The choice of these yeast cultures as biosorbents justified their physical and biochemical characteristics influence is on their biosorption capability (GI Karavaiko 1989, 1996; Kul L.A. 1986). The main advantage of selected yeast cultures is that they use a wide range of mechanisms of detoxification of heavy metals: formation of specialized proteins (metallothionein-like proteins), low molecular weight peptides (glutathione), the phytochelatin, the formation of intracellular compounds, cell wall (composed of peptidoglycan and chitin-glucan complex) (Han RP., 2000; Omar N.B., 1996; P. Simmons, 1995; Karamushka I., 1996; A. Coblenz, 1994; Ferreira, A.M., 1993). In the detox process is the binding of heavy metals by biosorption and bioaccumulation followed by the formation of toxic compounds.

The process of sorption of heavy metals has dynamic due to the formation of various substances involved in metabolism and detoxification. Among such substances include glutathione, metallothionein, phytochelatin and a number of intermediate compounds. These substances act as links in a chain leading to the binding of heavy metals within cells. In addition, associative relationships within the biomass of yeasts enable them to survive (survival of at least 70%) at high concentrations of heavy metals: zinc, up to 1600 mg/DM³, copper up to 300 mg/DM³, Nickel up to 3600 mg/DM³. When this yeast can be used without additional management on pitt the selected media for wastewater treatment from heavy metals. Selected yeast culture easily cultivated.

Selected for studies of heavy metals (zinc, Nickel and copper) are the main pollutants in wastewater of electroplating facilities. To assess the survival of the yeast culture used quantitative microscopic method of differential staining with an aqueous solution of methylene blue in the camera Goryaeva.

Is the effectiveness of sorption biosorbents based on the yeast was calculated by the formula: $E (%) = 100 - \frac{C_{k}}{C_{n}} \cdot 100$

where E is the efficiency;

C_k(mg/DM³) - the final concentration of metal in the environment at the end of the experiment;

C_n(mg/DM³) - initial concentration of metal in solution prior to the experiment.

To assess the content of heavy metals in model solutions and waste waters used the method of atomic absorption spectroscopy.

Mathematical and statistical processing of experimental data was performed by the method of small samples by the Student. Calculating values of the arithmetic mean (x), standard deviation (σ), correlation coefficient (r) was calculated by the formula:

$r_{x y} = \frac{\sum_{i = 1}^{n} [(x_{i} - \overset{}{x}) (y_{i} - \overset{}{y})]}{n \cdot \sqrt{{\overset{}{S}}_{x}^{2} \cdot {\overset{}{S}}_{y}^{2}}}$

where r is the correlation coefficient;

x and y are the average sample values compared;

x_iand y_iprivate custom values compared;

n is the total number of values in the two rows of figures;

$S_{x}^{2}$ and $S_{y}^{2}$ - dispersion, deviation of the compared values from the average.

Each experiment was performed in 10-15-fold repetition.

Mathematical calculations and graphing was performed on a personal computer using licensed software packages, MS Excel 203 and Minitab 14.0.

The efficiency of water purification from heavy metals the claimed method is illustrated by the examples summarized in tables.

Example 1.

Name metal	Number, mg/DM³	The contents of the yeast biomass production, g/DM³	The cleaning efficiency of sorption, %
Zinc	20,0	10,0	98,1
Nickel	100,0	10,0	75,5
Copper	40,0	10,0	75,0

Example 2.

Name metal	Number, mg/DM³	The contents of the yeast biomass production, g/DM³	The efficiency of sorption, %
pH 5,5	pH 8.0
Zinc	20,0	10,0	98,3	86,8
Nickel	100,0	10,0	84,9	75,5
Copper	40,0	10,0	to 78.3	80,0

Example 3.

Name metal	Number, mg/DM³	The contents of the yeast biomass production, g/DM³	The efficiency of sorption, %
10°C	20°C	29°C
Zinc	20,0	10,0	97,7	96,1	96,2
Nickel	100,0	10,0	71,7	75,5	77,4
Copper	40,0	10,0	70,0	73,3	76,7

The greatest value the Oia efficiency of sorption (88,7% to 99.6%) of heavy metals from wastewater are observed within 24 hours at pH 5 to 8 and the biomass content of the Association of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 10 g/DM ³.

The application of this invention will improve the efficiency of wastewater treatment from heavy metal ions, in addition, to achieve the intensification of the cleaning process and increase its profitability.

How bio-sorptional purification of water from heavy metal ions using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which introduce in the effluent from the biomass of yeast in brewing waste industries, containing the Association of different yeast strains Saccharomyces cerevisia viability of 90-95% in the amount of 10 g/DM³waste water, mixing the yeast biomass with waste water to form a slurry, maintaining the resulting suspension for 8 hours at a temperature from 10°C to 29°C and a pH of 5.5 to 8.0, with the further disposal of spent yeast containing heavy metals, by treating them with lime CA(Oh)₂when the ratio of the biomass of yeast:lime, equal to 1:5-8, with the mixture, while recycling the mixture is subjected to wet processing at a temperature of 90°C for one hour followed by isolation of the resulting mixture, containing heavy metals, in the concrete mixture.