Electric drive with synchronous reluctance machine

IPC classes for russian patent Electric drive with synchronous reluctance machine (RU 2510877):

H02P27/04 - CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, GENERATORS, OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS (structure of the starter, brake, or other control devices, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. mechanical brake F16D, mechanical speed regulator G05D, variable resistor H01C, starter switch H01H; systems for regulating electric or magnetic variables using transformers, reactors or choke coils G05F; arrangements structurally associated with motors, generators, dynamo-electric converters, transformers, reactors or choke coils, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. H01F, H02K; connection or control of one generator, transformer, reactor, choke coil, or dynamo-electric converter with regard to conjoint operation with similar or other source of supply H02J; control or regulation of static converters H02M)

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FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to electrical engineering and can be used, for instance, in controlled electric drives of general-purpose industrial machinery and transportation vehicles. Electric drive with synchronous reluctance machine contains two groups of full-pitch polyphase windings distributed evenly along inner stator bore, at that windings of similar stator phases are interconnected in series so that special magnet axes of these winding area mutually orthogonal; beginnings of the first group windings are connected to the supply mains, while ends of the second group windings are connected to input of the non-controllable rectifier, rotor position sensor. Between anode and cathode groups of the rectifier through current sensor there are parallel-connected capacitor and a circuit consisting of in-series transistor switch with bypass diode and choke with bypass diode; output of current regulator is connected to control input of transistor switch, output of commutator switch is connected to its first input and output of current sensor is connected to its second input; the first input of commutator switch is connected to current source of preset value, while its second input is connected to output of the metre metering special voltage vector position at the engine stator, the third input is connected to output of rotor position sensor; outputs of the metre metering special voltage vector position at the engine stator are connected to phase clamps of three-phase power supply source.

EFFECT: improving quality of control processes.

4 dwg

The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used, for example, in regulated electric General industrial machinery, and transport equipment.

Closest to the claimed device is a drive with a synchronous reluctance machine, containing multi-phase power winding on the stator with a full step. On the shaft of synchronous reluctance machines mechanical sensor is installed position of the rotor. The winding of each phase of the stator consist of two Polubotok, magnetic axes are spatially shifted relative to each other by 90 electrical degrees. Beginning Polubotok the first group is connected to the mains supply three-phase alternating current, and the ends of the second group Polubotok - on multiphase input of the thyristor switch. In addition, between the cathode and the anode group of the thyristor switch is enabled for the current sensor. The output of the current sensor is connected to one input of the current regulator, and to another input of the current regulator is connected to the reference source currents. The output of the current controller and position sensor rotor is connected to a control input of the thyristor switch (see U.S. Pat. Of the Russian Federation No. 2408972 IPC H02P 27/04, H02P 25/08, H02P 19/10. "Drive with a synchronous reluctance machine and the way to manage them", publ. 10.01.2011).

Control of the electric drive with a synchronous reluctance machine proizvoditsya the signal from the position sensor rotor synchronous reluctance machine, when this control pulses serves two valve dissimilar groups (cathode and anode) of the thyristor switch so that the line of physical neutral engine fell under running down the edge of the pole.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that, firstly, due to incomplete control of thyristors cannot close the gates of the thyristor switch at any arbitrary point in time, and that in some cases tighten the duration of the current pulse in the circuit of the stator, secondly, the scheme contains an excessive number of control elements, namely in the circuit with three-phase bridge thyristor switch six (the number of thyristors).

The basis of the offer of the invention is consisting in the possibility of improving the quality of management processes and simplify the scheme by reducing the number of channels control valves.

The solution of this problem is achieved in that the drive containing the synchronous reluctance machine with two groups of three-phase (multi-phase) windings with full speed, with same winding phases of the stator included among themselves in accordance with and consistently so that the spatial magnetic axes of these coils are mutually orthogonal, the position sensor rotor with unmanaged multi-phase rectifier, the start windings of the first group of engine is connected to p the melting of the network, and the ends of the second group - the input of the rectifier according to the invention between the anode and cathode groups rectifier through the current sensor is enabled parallel connected capacitor and a chain of series-connected transistor with a reverse diode and inductor with a reverse diode to the control input of a transistor switch connected to the output of the current regulator, on its first input connected to the output switch and the second input - output of the current sensor, the first input switch connected to the reference current value, the second input to the output of measuring the spatial position of the voltage vector to the motor stator, the third input to the output of the position sensor rotor, the inputs of measuring the spatial position of the voltage vector to the motor stator is connected to the phase terminals of the three-phase voltage source.

Feature of the proposed solution is that, firstly, due to the mutual orthogonal to the spatial location of stator windings of each phase, when the coils of one of the series-connected windings are opposite the interpolar gap and thereby create a magnetic flux directed along the magnetic axis of the rotor, the coils of the second winding of this phase are above the pole, interact with the flow of the first excitation winding, creating electromagnetisme electric machine; secondly, due to the presence of sensor position of the rotor transistor switch opens and sends current through windings of the stator only in those periods of time when the relative position of the poles of the magnet rotor and the magnetic field produced by the stator currents corresponds to the motor electromagnetic torque of the electric machine. When the rotor has salient-pole structure and does not carry the windings.

The proposed solution preserves the main technical advantages of the prototype: the simple design of electrical machines, high technology manufacturing, high mechanical strength and rigidity of the rotor, no windings on the rotor.

However, the proposed solution is different essential simplicity (contains only one controlled power element is a transistor switch) and improved handling (as a transistor, in contrast to the thyristor, it is possible to open and close at any time).

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which shows:

- figure 1 is a schematic cross section of a synchronous reluctance machine;

- figure 2 is an example functional diagram;

- figure 3 - spatial vector diagram illustrating the interaction of the flux linkage ψ_withstator with salient-pole solid rotor;

- figure 4 - the nature of changes in savremeni t angle vector of the flux linkage ψ _withthe stator and the vector of the resulting flux linkage ψ_WAcoinciding with the longitudinal magnetic axis of the stator.

Figure 1 shows in section an example of a six-phase synchronous reluctance machine, when in the slots of the stator 1, located in the planes a-a',-In' and C-C', each separated spatially by 120 electrical degrees, placed the windings 2, 3, 4. In the slots of the stator 1, located in the planes a-a', b-b', C-C', shifted between a 120 electrical degrees, posted by the same winding 5, 6, 7. Winding 2 and 5, 3 and 6, 4 and 7 are interconnected according. The magnetic axis of winding same phases 2 and 5, located in the planes a-a'and-and', 3 and 6, located in the planes B-B', b-b', 4, and 7 are located in the planes C-C' and C-C', shifted relative to each other spatially by 90 electrical degrees. The windings 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 form one multi-phase electrical circuit.

The rotor 8 of synchronous reluctance machine is made salient. In the example depicted in figure 1, the length of the pole arc of the rotor is 90°, the length of the interpolar gap is also 90°.

The beginning of the windings 2, 3, and 4 (figure 2) is connected to the phase terminals a, b and C of the three-phase source voltage. The ends of the windings 5, 6 and 7 connected to the input of a three-phase bridge uncontrolled rectifier 9. The diodes 10, 11 and 12 form a cathode group, and the diodes 13, 14 and 15 of the anode group is antilai. Between the anode and cathode groups of gates included the current sensor 16. Between the current sensor 16 and the anode group of valves of the rectifier 9 is in parallel with the capacitor 17 and a chain of series-connected transistor 18 with the transistor 19 and a reverse diode 20 and inductor 21 with a reverse diode 22. The control input of the transistor switch 18 is connected to the output of the current controller 23. At the first input of the current regulator 23 is connected to the output of the switch 24, and the second input - output of the current sensor 16. At the first input of the switch 24 signal U_Stproportional to the desired magnitude of the stator current. To the second input of the switch 24 is fed the output signal from the sensor 25, by measuring the instantaneous values of the voltages at the phase terminals a, b and C spatial (angular) position α_with, the resulting voltage vector of the power source. The third input of the switch 24 signal α_pfrom the output of the sensor 26 of the angle of rotation of the rotor shaft 8 of the engine. The state of the switch circuits 24 depends on the difference in the readings of the sensors 25 and 26 Δα=α_withα_p, a: when this difference falls in the interval 0<Δα<90 or 180<Δα<270 electrical degrees, the switch 24 transmits the signal U_Stto the input of the controller 23, thereby setting a desired value of the current flowing through windings 2...7 of the motor stator. When Δα on titsa outside these intervals, the signal U_Stto the input of the current controller 23 through the switch 24 does not pass.

3 shows the vector diagram, which shows: ψ_withspatial vector of the resulting flux linkage created by the currents of the windings 2...7 of the stator connected to the terminals a, b, C mains, when continuously open key 18; ψ_p- spatial vector directed along the longitudinal axis of the magnetic system of the rotor. In the ideal case, when not taken into account flows scattering, and inductance along the transverse axis of the electric machine is negligible, the direction of this vector coincides with the direction of the resulting vector (in the gap) the flux linkage of the electric machine; α_withand α_pthe rotation angles of the vectors ψ_withand ψ_pabout a fixed axis N - N, adopted as the reference point.

Figure 4 shows the approximate nature of the change in time t angle α vectors ψ_withand ψ_pwhen the motor is running at a speed lower than the synchronous. The shaded section time 0...t₁, t₂...t₃correspond to the enabled state of the transistor switch 18, where there's no shading is disabled.

In the initial state of the circuit in order to achieve clarity compatible initial values of the rotation angles of the vectors ψ_cand ψ_pfigure 4. This state with testvol following the initial instantaneous position of its elements. The current in phase a of the stator, the current flowing through the windings 2 and 5, the positive and the maximum, and the currents in phases b and C is negative and equal to half of the current in phase A; at this time the angle of rotation of the vector ψ_withadopted α_c=0. The angle of rotation of the vector ψ_padopted α_p=0, and the rotor occupies a spatial position, as in figure 1. Also there are and directions of the currents in the windings of the stator in the initial moment of time.

The drive works as follows. As the frequency of the mains voltage, supply chain stator stable, the angle α_crotation vector ψ_cvaries linearly from 0° to 360°, after which begins a new period, similar to the previous one and so on (see the curve ψ_withfigure 4). The angle of rotation of the vector ψ_prigidly connected to the rotor of the engine, changes more slowly, if the angular velocity of the engine below synchronous (curve ψ_pfigure 4). When the angle α_preaches 360°, also reset function ψ_pto zero. At time intervals 0...t₁, t₂...t₃, t₄...t₅etc. where conditions are 0°<Δα<90° or 180°<Δα<270°, and where, therefore, the moment a jet engine, created by the stator currents, motor, switch 24 transmits the signal U_Stto the input of the regulator 23, and the control loop current, formed by the power circuits is vegetale, key 18, a current regulator 23 and a current sensor 16 provides a flow of current through the circuits of the stator in accordance with the value of U_St.

At intervals of time t₁...t₂, t₃...t₄and so on, in which case the current flowing in the stator circuits would correspond to the braking mode, the signal U_Stthrough the switch 24 does not pass, the key 18 is locked, the engine now develops. As a result, the engine operates in pulsed mode, developing time only at time intervals 0...t₁, t₂...t₃etc.

The magnitude of the motor torque is determined by the amount of current flowing through the windings of the motor stator and asked the voltage U_St.

The technical result of the invention is adjustable non-contact actuator which is characterized by high reliability in terms of working with large over time, with severe and very severe conditions. The entire above list attractive performance characteristics of the drive is achieved with a relatively simple adjustable device, which is performed on a single transistor key.

Industrial applicability of the proposed solutions

The drive with a synchronous reluctance machine can be recommended for General industrial machinery (pumps, vent is the batteries, conveyors and so on).

The drive with a synchronous reluctance machine containing two groups of polyphase windings with full speed, uniformly distributed along the inner bore of the stator, while the same winding phases of the stator included among themselves in accordance with and consistently so that the spatial magnetic axes of these coils are mutually orthogonal, the start windings of the first group connected to the mains, and the ends of the second group - the input of the uncontrolled rectifier, the position sensor rotor, characterized in that between the anode and cathode groups rectifier through the current sensor is enabled parallel connected capacitor and a chain of series-connected transistor with a reverse diode and inductor with a reverse diode on the control input of a transistor switch connected to the output of the current regulator, on its first input connected to the output switch and the second input - output of the current sensor, the first input switch connected to the reference current value, the second input to the output of measuring the spatial position of the voltage vector to the motor stator, the third input to the output of the sensor rotor position, the inputs of measuring the spatial position of the voltage vector to the motor stator is connected to the phase terminals of the three-phase source voltage.