Low-speed current generator

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: low-speed current generator has, mounted on a shaft, a rotor with a multipolar system of permanent magnets, a stator in form of a magnetic conductor and stator windings, leads of which are connected to corresponding rectifier units, a high-frequency pulse master generator and as many power correctors as there are rectifier units, each connected to the output of the corresponding rectifier unit and control inputs of which are connected to the output of the high-frequency pulse master generator, wherein the stator is single-sectional, and the number of poles of the rotor differs by one from the number of stator windings, the stator being cogless.

EFFECT: high stability of operation of the generator.

3 cl, 4 dwg

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and can be used to create magnetoelectric generators for wind turbines and micro hydro, which uses low-energy carriers, such as wind, currents, rivers and sustainable undercurrents.

Known current generator, comprising a housing with bearings that hold the shaft, magnetic disk and an axially magnetized main permanent magnets with alternating polarity, the coil windings of the stator, the rotor position sensors, control unit, additional rows of permanent magnets placed between the main magnets, and permanent magnets inserted in the casing connected with the formation of the body and the toroidal gap in the space which is placed an electric blocks and alternating magnetic fields of the magnets are directed towards each other, and the conclusions of the rotor position sensors are connected to the contacts of the dielectric ring and through the holes of the ring and the hollow shaft is connected to the control inputs of the control unit, and the phase section of the coil is also connected to the contacts of the dielectric ring, and in the ranks of the electrical units connected in series or parallel or series-parallel and through the openings of the dielectric ring and the hollow alapitvany to the load, and other findings - to the power of the keys of the control unit [RU 2147155 C1, H02K 29/06, 04.12.1998].

The disadvantages of this device include the presence of rotating coils and sliding current collectors, which leads to deterioration of the energy characteristics of the generator and reduce reliability.

Also known magnetic generator of electric current, comprising a housing, a stator comprising a magnetic system, the magnetic coil, and the rotor, in this case, the magnetic system of the rotor and stator in the form of magnetic units, each of which consists of a series of magnets placed at intervals of not less than the size of the magnet in the direction of motion of the rotor, and the orientation of magnetization of each magnet carried out at an angle selected in the range from +90 to -90° relative to the direction of movement of the rotor with alternating sequence of locations of the poles of the magnet to the magnet, and the coil placed in the magnetic closing pole of the magnet stator [EN 2147153 C1, H02R 21/04, H02K 21/14, H02K 21/24, 08.07.1998].

This solution has two magnetic systems with permanent magnets (rotor and stator), and the interval between them is placed ferromagnetic cores, and each coil is wound at its core, which leads to uneven distribution of the magnetic flux, i.e. to decrease the power To The D and technology.

In addition, low-speed electric machine containing an annular series of stator windings on an iron core sheets or extruded iron powder, and a corresponding annular series of permanent magnets of the rotor, in particular a synchronous machine with permanent magnetization of the magnets of the rotor to generate a sinusoidal voltage, and the concentrated windings are made, the cores with windings are interleaved with iron core without windings so that each second metal core has a winding, the number of intervals between the cores is different from the number of poles, the number of intervals between the cores s and the number of poles p follows the expression |s-p|=2·m and s=12·n·m, where n and m are natural numbers, and the machine is designed to generate three-phase voltage with a series connection of adjacent coils to obtain^•m such groups per phase, which can be connected in series or in parallel [EN 2234788, C2, H02K 21/24, H02K 21/12, 25.05.2000].

The disadvantage of this electric car is that the resulting gaps between the individual cores of the stator lower efficiency, power and technology of its manufacture.

In addition to the aforesaid known device containing an annular series of stator windings and a corresponding annular series of post of the permanent magnets of the rotor, moreover, the stator is made in the form of a toroidal magnetic core, and the rotor consists of two parts, the first of which is a shaft welded to the disks, and the second disks with magnets when the width of the disk is equal to the length of the magnets attached to the disks of the first part, while the clearance between the stator and the magnets of the rotor is in the range of 0.1÷2.0 mm [RU 71189, U1, H02K 21/24, H02K 23/04, 27.02.2008].

The disadvantage of this technical solution is a relatively large moment of moving, which reduces the stability of its work during non-permanent external exposure to low-carriers of energy. In addition, this technical solution has a relatively high intensity, since, in particular, a stator in the form of a toroidal magnetic core.

The closest in technical essence and functionality of the claimed, is a low-speed power generator containing a shaft, a stator in the form of a magnetic core and windings, the conclusions of which is connected to the rectifier unit and a rotor mechanically coupled with the shaft of the device and having a set of permanent magnets, the magnetic circuit is made in the form of radially oriented from the axis of the shaft of prismatic rods, assembled from strips, electrical steel, and the permanent magnets of the rotor is fixed placentas is positive around the circumference of the ends of the prismatic rods spaced and interleaved sequence of poles from magnet to magnet, moreover, the stator winding is wound on the remote from the axis of the shaft ends of the prismatic rods, the number of prismatic rods to one less than the number of permanent magnets, and prismatic rods, in the particular case, executed by the coefficient of elongation 3-20 [EN 98646, U1, H02K 23/04, 20.10.2010].

The disadvantage is the closest technical solution is relatively low stability in terms of the variation of the external action, including possible impairments impact.

The required technical result is to create a device, which is due to introduce technical improvements enhances the stability of the generator.

The required technical result is achieved in that, in a device containing a mounted on the shaft of the rotor with a multipolar system of permanent magnets and a stator in the form of a magnetic core and windings, the conclusions of which is connected to a corresponding rectifier units entered the master oscillator of high frequency pulses and proofreaders power by the number of rectifier units, each of which is included at the output of the corresponding rectifier unit and the control inputs of which are connected with the output of the master oscillator of high frequency pulses, and the stator is made of a single-section and number of poles is otora differs by one from the number of stator windings, made bezzubova.

In addition, the required technical result is achieved by the fact that the number of rotor poles is equal to 18 and the number of stator windings of one less.

In addition, the required technical result is achieved by the fact that the outputs of the corrector power through corresponding inverters are connected to the unified user input current low-speed generator.

The drawing shows:

figure 1 - functional diagram of the low speed generator current;

figure 2 - schematic diagram of a rectifier unit connected at its output power compensator, having a control input for supplying a control signal from the master oscillator of high frequency pulses, and output winding of the transformer, through which the diode is connected to the current consumer, for example, a rechargeable battery;

figure 3 - Zubova (Fig 3,a) and bezzubova (Fig 3,b) of the stator design.

Low-speed power generator (1) includes fixed on the shaft 1 of the rotor with a multipolar system of permanent magnets 2, and a stator in the form of magnetic windings 3 and 4 of the stator, the conclusions of which is connected to a corresponding rectifier units, the outputs of each of which are included corresponding correctors power, control inputs (input "Control" in figure 2) which is coupled to the output of the master oscillator of high frequency pulses (not shown), moreover, the stator is made of a single-section and number of poles of the rotor differs by one from the number of windings of the stator bezzubova. In addition, the outputs of the corrector power, switched on the outputs of the rectifiers (figure 2), connected to the individual blocks of inverters for each secondary winding of the output transformer T1 corrector power and their currents add up to the total current in the load, for example, rechargeable batteries (battery).

Low-speed power generator works as follows.

When the rotation shaft 1, which is connected to the blades of the wind turbine or micro hydro, mounted on the shaft 1 rotor, made in the form of a multipolar system of permanent magnets 2, also rotates, resulting in the windings 4 of the stator of an alternating electric current, which is rectified in the rectifier blocks made with offsets of power outputs, which are controlled by the signals from the master oscillator of high frequency pulses, and served to the consumer.

Usually, such generators are three-phase stator, but within the same polar angle power point is still fluctuate and these fluctuations prematurely destroy the wheel. In the proposed device, the rotor is, for example, 18 of the poles of the permanent magnets and the stator is made Bezzubtsev and contains tokatoka less.

In addition, frequently used design of the magnetic circuit in the stator typically has a ring circuit between the poles and each pole of the magnetic system is made spike penetrating the stator winding and with a minimum clearance suitable to the magnet rotor. As the rotor turns, these teeth having large unevenness at the moment, which remain even in three-phase stator. In the proposed design of the generator magnetic circuit in the stator is made bezzubova that allows you to provide the time of moving close to zero.

The problem of power under varying external influence is solved by applying the 17-Ivanovo corrector power (one included on the outputs of the respective rectifier 17 blocks), i.e. by means of a digital control correctors power, and not by traditional create, for example, the aerodynamic brake on the propeller or application of hydroureter having a higher value.

Each of the windings 4 of the stator at passing it the current network on the shaft 1, the contribution to the power point in the form of two humps maximum torque at each electrical period between which the moment is drawn almost to zero. Therefore, other structures with the same number of poles on the stator and on the rotor, when all the coils of one (of three) sections connect the tive in a single circuit, power point of each section is strongly modulated. This phenomenon is especially dangerous for low-speed generators, because attempts to "smooth" out the torque characteristics of the three phases will leave a strong surge of torque at frequencies comparable to the mechanical resonance frequencies, for example, a propeller.

In the proposed design, each independent of the windings 4 of the stator also gives two peaks of the torque on the shaft 1. But smoothing the torque characteristics within one pole step is carried out on 17 phases, resulting in a final torque low-speed characteristic of the generator current, the whole thing is almost constant in the corner.

Besides making the three stator leads to the increase in the cost of the generator as a whole compared using the proposed single-stator.

The outputs of the corrector power, switched on the outputs of the rectifiers VD1...VD4 (figure 2), connected to the individual blocks of inverters for each secondary winding of the output transformer T1 corrector power and their currents add up to the total current in the load, for example, rechargeable batteries (battery). This allows to reduce the capacity of each unit and to use a less powerful electronic components.

Bridge rectifier made in the usual way for four diodes VD1...VD4. The capacitor C1 is e is a smoothing - it should store the charge, sufficient only for one cycle of the inverter and serves only to protect the rectifier diodes. The shape of the voltage across the capacitor C1 shown in the diagram (figure 2). If necessary, the best protection rectifier instead of the capacitor C1 can be used U-shaped low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency above the maximum frequency of the sinusoidal voltage in the windings of the generator, but significantly lower than the switching frequency of the inverter.

A significant problem is that the rectified voltage varies in the range 20...200 B, i.e. it can be both above and below the battery voltage. Therefore, it is reasonable to use the corrector with the transformer. Concealer power contains key transistor VT1 and the transformer T1. The transistor is open, short pulses with a repetition rate of 30...100 kHz AT the INPUT of "Management" from shadowmage generator of high-frequency pulses. During the pulse in the primary winding of the transformer T1 accumulates energy, and the current in the winding increases linearly, but does not reach saturation current ferrite magnetic core of the transformer, even at the maximum output voltage of the rectifier. Under these conditions, a uniform output load, low-speed power generator is provided with a fixed duration and repetition frequency of opening them is alsow, therefore, all 17 proofreaders power can be supplied through the chain base (gate) key transistors from one common source control.

After the end of the control pulse, the transistor VT1 is closed, and at its collector (drain) generates a positive pulse which must be reset to the load. The voltage dropping power to the load is chosen is certainly higher than the maximum rectified voltage. If this was the battery voltage, then the diode to reset the power to the load can be connected directly to the collector (drain) of the switching transistors. But, because it significantly, for example, 5 times less, so you can use secondary winding ratio, for example 5:1.

When the voltage pulse in the primary winding reaches, for example, 240 B, and the secondary - 48 B, is the discharge of energy stored in the magnetic core of the transformer, through the diode VD5 in the battery when a nominal voltage of 48 B. Since the discharge of energy there is an automatic regulation of the output voltage, all 17 proofreaders capacity of the outputs possible to connect in parallel, and, nevertheless, they will all give the current in the battery, more or less, depending on the current phase of the AC voltage on each winding 4 of the stator.

Another problem is the quality of the low-speed generator the current this is the moment of moving, which should be minimal, so that, for example, a wind-wheel, is not inhibited by weak winds. The moment the moving cause of the residual potential of the hole on the shaft at zero current generator.

In known constructions of such low-speed generators used subzoba design of the magnetic circuit of the stator. The proposed technical solution is used bezzubova design. Here is proof of the efficiency of this design.

For this purpose, let a theoretical justification for the work of the magnetic circuit.

In electrodynamics known formula:

$$B={\mu }_0*\mu *H\left(1\right)$$

where µ0=4*π*10^-7- magnetic permeability of vacuum (constant);

µ~7000-14000 dimensionless material feature is the magnetic permeability electrical steel.

In accordance with what armoloy (1) the magnetic induction B on the end of wave 3, and sets the magnitude of the magnetic force of permanent magnet - i.e. the magnitude of the force moment on the shaft. The magnetic field strength H is uniquely associated with a number of Ampervilla N*I the windings of the stator and is determined by the formula:

$${\displaystyle \oint \stackrel{\to }{H}*d\stackrel{\to }{l}=N*I\left(2\right)}$$

Thus, it can be argued that the magnetic circuit of the stator works the better, the more the magnetic permeability of µ chain.

Note that the formula (1) obtained under the assumption that the one-dimensional homogeneous magnetic field.

Real short magnetic circuit with a gap and curved lines of force, which are characteristic of the above analogues decisive action open demagnetizing pole Faraday, as a result of which the actual ratio$$\mu =\frac{B}{{\mu }_0*H}$$is not 7000-14000, only:

$$\frac{B}{{\mu }_0*H}={\mu }_{eff}=\mathrm{3,6}-\mathrm{3,8}\left(3\right)$$

where µ_effis the integral characteristic of non-uniform fields - effective magnetic permeability of the magnetic circuit.

Thus, analogs of the proposed low-speed power generator with the sockets design of the magnetic circuit of the stator efficiency the efficiency of action of the magnetic circuits in terms of weight saving of copper and not so high. In the proposed technical solution, when we cleaned the teeth, really degrade the power quality of the magnetic system. In particular, in the integral (2) excludes a section of magnetic circuit with weak fields$$\stackrel{\to }{H}$$and replaced on site with a strong field$$\stackrel{\to }{H}$$that increases thereby required weight of copper N*I. note, However, that in the magnetic circuit must always remain an area of strong fields$$\stackrel{\to }{H}$$,

corresponding to the thickness of the permanent magnets, so in relative terms deterioration (3) is not too large:

Therefore, bezzubova vypolneniem windings does not create potential wells and provides the time of moving close to zero.

Thus, due to the introduced improvements achieved the required technical result consists in increasing the stability of the generator without compromising its technical and economic indicators.

1. Low-speed power generator containing fixed on the shaft of the rotor with a multipolar system of permanent magnets and a stator in the form of a magnetic core and windings, the conclusions of which is connected to a corresponding rectifier blocks, characterized in that the input oscillator frequency pulses and proofreaders power by the number of rectifier units, each of which is included at the output of the corresponding rectifier unit and the control inputs of which are connected with the output of the master oscillator of high frequency pulses, and the stator in the full single-section, and the number of poles of the rotor differs by one from the number of windings of the stator bezzubova.

2. Low-speed power generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of rotor poles is equal to 18 and the number of stator windings of one less.

3. Low-speed power generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the outputs of the corrector power through corresponding inverters are connected to the unified user input current low-speed oscillator.