Rotor magnetic system

FIELD: electrical engineering; mechanical design of commutatorless magnetoelectric machines.

SUBSTANCE: rotor magnetic system has more than two magnetically permeable steel laminations with pole horns formed by prismatic tangentially magnetized N-S permanent magnets placed inside laminated stack; inner and outer diameters of laminations are uninterrupted and rectangular prismatic magnets are installed inside them so that distance over outer arc between external planes of two adjacent magnets of unlike-polarity poles is shorter than that over internal arc between same planes; magnets do not contact one another and have at least one projection on inner diameter for coupling with rotor shaft.

EFFECT: enhanced manufacturability.

3 cl, 2 dwg

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and relates to the structural design of magnetic systems rotor brushless magneto-electric machines. The proposed device can be used in motors and generators, and allows you to improve the technical characteristics of electric machines these classes.

In magneto-electric machines when converting electrical energy into mechanical energy and mechanical into electrical required magnetic flux excitation. The device that generates the stream is called an inductor. As the inductor is used, the rotor of the various designs placed on it by the permanent magnets.

Known rotors, in which the magnetic flux of the excitation generated by the permanent magnets with radial magnetization /1, p.19, 2.1/and tangential /1, p.19, 2.2/. Magnets having a prismatic shape, placed in the body of a modular rotor. To provide mechanical rigidity to the assembled magnets and the sleeve is slipped welded bandage complex designs. This design of the magnetic system of the rotor of the low-tech because of the large number of parts and complexity of the Assembly of magnets. The presence of the transition sleeve is required. The sleeve is designed with radial magnetization of the magnets for the SOP is agenia planes of the magnets with the cylinder of the rotor shaft, and when the tangential magnetization to prevent circuit magnetic flux scattering through the rotor shaft. In fact, both cases with increasing thickness of the sleeve requirements are reduced magnetic properties of the material of the shaft of the electric machine and, if sufficient in magnitude to the shaft can be made without taking into account the magnetic properties of steel. In terms of limitations of the outer diameter of the machine that leads to the reduction of the diameter of the shaft, which in turn leads to the decrease of the magnitude of transmitted torque. If you increase the outer diameter of the shaft, and with it the rotor, increasing the diametrical size of the machine, which impairs its physical characteristics. Also not fully used the amount of rare earth magnets, and the presence of the pole shoes of the magnetic steel reduces the working gap in the car, but increases its inductance, which reduces the rigidity of the external characteristics and complicates the combination of motor and generator modes.

For contactless machines with permanent magnets /1, s-25/, in which the magnetic system of the rotor is generated by a cylindrical monolithic permanent magnets (N-S)placed on the rotor of the motor, characterized as low mechanical strength of the rotor, and high consumption of magnetic materials and their irrational use. The disadvantages of such to the decomposition of the magnetic system of the rotor are irrational use the mass of the permanent magnets, significant energy loss in liquid cooling and the destruction of the magnets with long-term contact with the cooling fluid. This also requires that the shaft on which are mounted permanent magnets, was either completely made of magnetic steel, or between it and the magnets had a sleeve of considerable thickness, made of magnetic material. This design of the magnetic system leads not only to an increase in the radial dimensions of the rotor and the machine in General, but a significant increase in moment of inertia of the rotor, which adversely affects the performance of the machine.

A known design of a modular rotor type “asterisk /2, s/, in which the magnetic flux of the excitation is generated by permanent magnets, creating a radially directed magnetic flux. The disadvantages of magnetic structures of such systems also include a significant and unsustainable consumption of magnetic materials, as well as toothed shape of the rotor, which complicates the use of liquid cooling and the operation of these machines in aggressive environments. In addition, due to the low mechanical strength of the magnets at high speeds possible destruction due to the centrifugal force. The shaft of such machines is only of a nonmagnetic material.

Known rotor design in which the pic is aannie magnets are placed inside the package, made from electrical steel sheets /3. C.1-4/. The use of laminated magnetic circuit allows to improve the technical characteristics of machines by reducing losses in the steel. However, the fastening of the magnets with the shoulder in the plate leads to violations of cylindricity of the shape of the rotor, which requires additional balancing of the rotor, and when using liquid cooling leads to increased energy losses inside the machine. The shaft of such a machine is of conductive material and to reduce the magnetic flux vnutrisutochnogo scattering between the shaft and the package are applied non-magnetic fillers, which leads to increased radial dimensions of the rotor.

Also known for the design of the rotor /4, p.1-8/, which for the formation of the magnetic system of the rotor uses packages with permanent magnets. The complexity of the shape of rolled steel plates constituting the package, as well as multiple non-magnetic inserts on the top and bottom magnets affect the manufacturability of the design. Between the shaft and the magnets mandatory sleeve of non-magnetic material to prevent closure of magnetic flux from the permanent magnet through the shaft. The width of the magnets determines the outer diameter of the sleeve, with its increasing increasing. At a certain thickness of the sleeve shaft may be manufactured from the magnetic core is a corresponding material. With the increase of the outer diameter of the sleeve increases the diameter of the rotor and, as a consequence, the moment of inertia of the rotor and the dimensions of the car.

Fundamental differences described magnetic systems rotor magneto-electric machines, allow us to conclude that the proposed design of the magnetic system of the rotor of the magneto-electric machine is new. The inventive device improves the manufacturability of the design of the rotor, which reduces the requirements to the magnetic properties of the shaft and improves physical specifications electrical machines. With such a design of the magnetic system decreases the diameter of the rotor as it does not require additional bushing between the shaft and the package to reduce vnutrisutochnogo magnetic flux, thereby reducing the diametrical dimensions of the machine as a whole. It is possible to apply liquid cooling due to the reduction of hydraulic losses due to the shape of the plate pack and simplify the technology of Assembly of the rotor. Also simplifies the balancing of the rotor, and for low-speed electric vehicles is not required at all.

The closest is essentially a package for forming the magnetic system of the magneto rotor brushless machines described above /3, p.1-4/ and is used as a prototype.

The aim of the invention is the improvement of technical characteristics is istic brushless magneto-electric machines and improving the technological design of the rotors, that will expand the scope of application of electric machines of this class.

The goal is achieved through the creation of the magnetic system of the rotor without transition bushings between the package and the shaft. In the Assembly of plates 1 (Fig 1) conductive electrical steel package 12 (2) holds regular rectangular prismatic magnets 13, 14 with tangential magnetization N-S is a ready-made magnetic system of the rotor. Plates are made in this way (figure 1), which is in the center of the circular plate 1, no breaks in the outer D and inner diameters d, there is a hole 2 for shaft diameter d. For connection of the package with the shaft and rotor transfer torque on the inner diameter d has at least one protrusion 10. When assembling the package of plates pole protrusions are formed by placing the holes 3 and 4 (figure 1) permanent magnets prismatic forms 13 and 14 (figure 2)having a tangential magnetization N-S. the Number of magnets depends on the number of poles, but always an even number. The orifices 3 and 4 is made with an inclination to the radial axis, so that the distance along the outer arc between outer surfaces of the magnets of the opposite poles of two adjacent magnets is less than the distance along the inner arc between the same planes.

For mounting magnets happy in the material direction are ridges 5, 6 and 7, 8, which are formed due to the fact that the outer and inner diameters do not have breaks. Fastening permanent magnets in the axial direction inside the package are bonded. Also when installing on the shaft package in the axial direction may be shrinking due to the threaded connection. To improve the tightness of the magnet plate package can stick together among themselves. After Assembly plate pack of 12 (figure 2) is mounted on the rotor shaft and is a ready-magnetic system of the rotor.

The invention consists in the following. The poles of the rotor are formed by the permanent magnets 13 and 14 (figure 2) with tangential magnetization N-S, installed in holes 3 and 4 (figure 1) with an inclination to a radial axis so that the distance along the outer arc between outer surfaces of the magnets of the two adjacent magnets of opposite poles is less than the distance along the inner arc between the same planes. Between the magnets facing each other unlike poles remains the crosspiece 11 and between the magnets and the outer diameter of the plate ridges 5 and 6. Moreover, the holes 3 and 4 have the shape of a rectangular trapezoid facing acute angles towards each other. This allows to reduce the thickness of the bridges 5, 6 in the center when installing in a rectangular prismatic magnets forming the Xia cavity 15 to fill the adhesive composition for additional fixing of the magnets in the axial direction. On the inner diameter between the same poles of the magnets remains the crosspiece 9 and between the hole diameter d and the magnets jumper 7 and 8. The low thickness of the jumpers 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 provides the limiting flux and increase the energy conversion efficiency of the magnets, and the inclined arrangement of the magnets allows to reduce the diametrical size of the magnetic system more than when the radial position of the magnet, thereby reducing the radial dimensions of the rotor and the machine as a whole while maintaining energy performance. Because the magnets are placed inside a metal package, increases their resistance to both mechanical and chemical influences.

This solution allows you to get ready magnet rotor with an even number enouraging poles and uniform outer diameter surface, without gaps and without various non-magnetic inserts, with a minimum diameter of the rotor in the complete absence of requirements to the magnetic properties of the material of the rotor shaft. In the construction described above, between the magnets and the shaft or leave the cavity, which is filled with resin or plastic, or make additional non-magnetic insert. In the proposed design of the magnetic system of the rotor circuit of the magnetic flux between the magnets facing on the ug to each other the same poles, occurs on the internal jumper 9 width h and the bridges 5, 6 and 11. To reduce the loss of working magnetic flux these jumpers perform as thin as possible, but to ensure the mechanical strength of the assembled package. Thus, it appears that the requirements for the magnetic properties of the material are completely absent and the shaft may be made of any material, and the transition sleeve is not required, thereby reducing the radial dimensions of the magnetic system, and as a result, the rotor and the machine as a whole.

If there are jumpers 5, 6 outside diameter and 7, 8 on the inner improving the manufacturability of the design, resulting in simplification of the manufacturing process and Assembly of the magnetic system of the rotor. In addition, the rotor is fabricated using the inventive magnet system has a uniform cylindrical outer surface, which allows to increase the frequency of rotation of the shaft by increasing the mechanical strength of the magnetic system and apply liquid cooling under high pressure.

Because of the ridges 5, 6, 7, 8 are elements of the plate, its thickness will be less than the thickness of the additional spacers of non-magnetic material, provided the same mechanical strength and cost of manufacture. The reduction of the gap between the magnets of the rotor and stator improves technical is the cue characteristics of magneto-electric machines.

Thus, the proposed device is a magnetic system of the rotor corresponds to the criteria of the invention of "novelty" and allows you to improve the technical characteristics of magneto-electric machines, using the proposed device.

The necessity of application of the magnetic system of the rotor occurs when using brushless magneto-electric machines drives centrifugal and screw pumps for oil, electric drills, and other devices that operate in harsh environments that require large capacity and limitation Diametric dimensions, liquid cooling and (or) good regulation properties.

The proposed device is a magnetic wheel system allows you to improve the technical characteristics of the brushless magneto-electric machines, to simplify the manufacturing technology of these machines rotor and thus to broaden the scope of their application.

Literature

1. Grandfather A.N. Electric machine with vysokokoertsitivnye permanent magnets. M.: Energoatomizdat, 1985, 168 S.

2. Balagurov A., Galaev FF, Larionov, A.N. Electrical machines with permanent magnets. M: Energy, 1964,480 S.

3. Description of the invention to author's certificate SU 1098070.

4. Description of the invention to the patent of Russian Federation RU 2175162.

1. The magnetic system of the rotor, consisting of more than two conductive plates of steel, with pole protrusions formed by the permanent magnets prismatic shape with tangential magnetization N-S inside the package wafer, characterized in that the inner and outer diameters of the plates are made without breaks, magnets, rectangular prismatic shape inside them installed so that the distance along the outer arc between outer surfaces of two adjacent magnets of opposite poles is less than the distance along the inner arc between the same planes, the magnets are not in contact, and on the inner diameter has at least one protrusion for coupling with the shaft of the rotor.

2. The magnetic system of the rotor according to claim 1, characterized in that the plate interconnected with the adhesive composition.

3. The magnetic system of the rotor according to claim 1 or claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the cavities formed during the installation of rectangular prismatic magnets in a rectangular trapezoidal hole, filled with the adhesive composition.