Method for opening loparite concentrates. RU patent 2506333.
 Method of processing phosphogypsum / 2504593Method of processing phosphogypsum involves step-by-step agitation sulphuric-acid leaching of rare-earth metals and phosphorus while feeding sulphuric acid to the head step, using the obtained leaching solution of the head step at subsequent leaching steps, separating the undissolved residue from pulp of a tail step and washing with water, treating the leaching solution of the tail step to obtain a mother solution, using the mother solution and the washing solution for leaching. Leaching of the rare-earth metals and phosphorus at the second and subsequent steps is carried out from a mixture of phosphogypsum and the leached pulp from the previous step. Sulphuric acid is fed to the head leaching step in an amount which enables to extract rare-earth metals and phosphorus into the solution at the head step and subsequent steps at pH values at the tail leaching step not higher than pH at the onset of precipitation of rare-earth metal phosphates. The tail step for leaching rare-earth metals and phosphorus is carried out while simultaneously treating the leaching solution by extracting rare-earth metals by sorption with a cationite. The rare-earth metal-saturated cationite is separated from the mother pulp and taken for producing a rare-earth metal concentrate. A portion of the mother solution is pre-purified from phosphorus by precipitation thereof with a basic calcium compound. The obtained phosphorus-containing precipitate is fed for recycling. |
 Plasma-carbon production method of rare-earth metals, and device for its implementation / 2499848Method involves carbon thermal reduction of oxide compound of rare-earth metal in vacuum so that powder of rare-earth metal carbide, which is free from residues of oxygen impurity, is obtained. Then, it is cooled down and mixed with high-melting metal powder in the ratio that is sufficient for performance of exchange reactions between rare-earth metal carbide and high-melting metal, and mixture is heated with hot volumetric plasma discharge to the temperature of ≥1800°C. With that, evaporating rare-earth metal is collected on condensers and hard-alloy carbide of high-melting metal is obtained. The device includes a vacuum system, cathode and anode assemblies arranged concentrically in the chamber, and a steam line and a condenser-cooler, which are coaxial to them. With that, an internal electrode represents an anode of high-current vacuum plasma discharge burning in an annular discharge cavity formed with coaxial cylindrical electrodes. The anode is made from high-melting electrically conducting material in the form of a crucible having a capacity, and a thin-wall cathode enveloping it, outside which there located is a starting resistance heater, is also made from high-melting electrically conducting material, for example tungsten, tantalum or graphite. |
 Cerium extraction method / 2495147Cerium extraction is performed after preliminary preparation of a catalyser. Crushing of the used catalyser is performed. Crushed catalyser is subject to annealing at the temperature of 650-800°C during 3-6 hours. After annealing the catalyser is cooled down to room temperature and cerium compound is extracted by dilution of ignited catalyser in concentrated hydrochloric acid. Obtained solution with suspended particles of cerium dioxide is heated to boiling, exposed at boiling temperature of 100-110°C during 30-120 minutes and during 3-12 hours at temperature of 0-20°C so that a deposition is obtained. The obtained deposition is separated from mother solution by means of filtration by draining the solution from the deposition surface to a filter with the size of filtering material pores of not more than 2 mcm. Deposition on the filter is washed from iron compound and dried till constant weight of cerium dioxide. |
 Method of extraction of rich components from production solutions for processing of black-shale ores / 2493279Method includes sorption of rich components from production solutions by ion-exchange material counterflow under controlled pH of environment and oxidation-reduction potential Eh. Sorption is performed by ion-exchange materials in stages from production solutions containing uranium, molybdenum, vanadium and rare earth elements. At the first stage uranium and molybdenum are extracted by anion-exchange material sorption. At the second stage vanadium is extracted by anion-exchange material sorption with hydrogen dioxide available at Eh of 750-800 mV, pH of 1.8-2.0 and temperature of 60°C, at that vanadium sorption is performed till complete destruction of hydrogen dioxide and till Eh is below 400 mV. Then barren solutions are transferred to cationite at pH of 2.0-2.5 and Eh of 300-350 mV for extraction of rare earth elements. |
 Processing method of black-shale ores / 2493273Processing method of black-shale ores includes crushing, counterflow two-stage leaching by sulfuric acid solution upon heating, separation of pulps formed after leaching at both stages by filtration. Then valuable soluble materials are washed from deposit at the second stage with strengthened and washing solutions being produced, marketable filtrate is clarified at the first stage for its further processing. Ore is crushed till the size of 0.2 mm, leaching at the first stage is performed by cycling acid solution with vanadium under atmospheric pressure, temperature of 65-95°C during 2-3 hours, till residual content of free sulphuric acid is equal to 5-15 g/l. Leaching at the second stage is performed at sulphuric acid rate of 9-12% from the quantity of initial hard material under pressure of 10-15 atm and temperature of 140-160°C during 2-3 hours. Cake filtered after the first stage is unpulped by part of strengthened solution which content is specified within 35-45% of total quantity. |
 Processing method of black-shale ores with rare metals extracting / 2493272Processing method of black-shale ores with rare metals extracting includes leaching of ore by sulphuric acid solution with dilution of rare metals. Leaching is performed in autoclave by sulphuric acid solution consisting of free and combined sulphuric acid with ratio of H2SO4(free):H2SO4(comb)=2:1, and containing 25-45 g/l of iron sulphate, 70-90 g/l of aluminium sulphate and 0.5 g/l of nitric acid. At that the process is performed under pressure in autoclave equal to 10-15 atm with mixing at temperature of 140-160°C in concentration range of general H2SO4(gen) equal to 350-450 g/l under pulp density S: L=1:0.7-0.9, preferably 1:0.8, under constant oxidation-reduction potential Eh in the system equal to 350-450 mV during 2-3 hours till residual concentration of free H2SO4(free) is within 45-75 g/l. |
 Method of extracting rare-earth metals (rem) from phosphogypsum / 2492255Proposed method comprises REM and phosphorus leeching by sulfuric acid solution to obtain leaching solution and insoluble residue. Said insoluble solution is processed by calcium compound to pH over 5. PEM concentrate is extracted from said solution by crystallisation and fed to REM and phosphorus leaching stage. Prior to leaching phosphogypsum is subjected to flushing with water to obtain flushing solution containing REM and phosphorus. Said insoluble residue is flushed before processing by calcium compound. Obtained flushing solution is processed by calcium compound to produce pulp with pH not over that of REM phosphate precipitation beginning and combied with said flushing solution. REM is sorbed by cation exchangers and separated to desorb REM therefrom to produce desorbent and recovered cation exchanger. Said recovered cation exchanger is sent to REM sorption while desorbent is sent to REM concentrate production stage. Phosphorus and associated impurities are deposited from sorption mother pulp. Obtained pulp is separated in residue to be recovered and water phase to be used as circulating water. |
 Method of extracting rare-earth metals from phosphogypsum / 2491362Method includes leaching of rare-earth metals (REM) from phosphogypsum with 1-5% solution of sulphuric acid, REM sorption from leaching solution with cationite, REM desorption, precipitation of REM concentrate from desorbate, obtaining REM concentrate and mother liquor, which is used for REM desorption. Cationite after desorption is returned at sorption stage. Phosphor and fluorine are precipitated from mother liquor, phosphor -and fluorine-containing sediment are filtered and filtrate is used as return water in leaching. REM leaching and sorption are carried out simultaneously. Obtained pulp is filtered through mesh filter with separation of saturated REM cationite. After that, pulp is filtered with obtaining non-dissoluble residue and mother liquor of sorption. Before desorption cationite is treated with part of desorbate. |
| Method for quantitative determination of cerium in steels and alloys / 2491361 Method includes dissolution of a sample of analysed alloy and separation of cerium from the base of the alloy and macrocomponents. At the same time the base and macrocomponents are separated from cerium by serial deposition and extraction of the alloy base and macrocomponents of the alloy from the solution. Deposition is carried out with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, extraction - with dithizone in chloroform. After separation of the organic phase, the cerium content is detected in water phase with the spectrometric method. |
| Method of extracting rare-earth metals from phosphogypsum / 2487185 Invention is meant for extracting rare-earth metals from phosphogypsum obtained in production of phosphorus fertiliser during sulphuric acid treatment of apatite. The method of extracting rare-earth metals from phosphogypsum involves converting phosphogypsum, dissolving the converted chalk to obtain an insoluble residue containing rare-earth metals. The obtained insoluble residue containing rare-earth metals is dissolved in nitric acid solution at solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:1.5 to obtain a solution and an insoluble residue. The insoluble residue is then washed with water; the obtained solution is mixed with the washing solution; the mixed solution is neutralised to acidity of 0.5-0.25 N with concentrated aqueous ammonia solution and taken for precipitation of rare-earth metal oxalates. The oxalates are precipitated with saturated oxalic acid solution; the residue is washed with 1.5-2.5% oxalic acid solution at solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:2-3. The oxalates are then dried and calcined until rare-earth metal oxides are obtained. |
 Method of electron-beam melting of product from high-melting metal or alloy, and device for its implementation / 2469115Method of electron-beam melting of products from high-melting metals and alloys and device for the method's implementation are proposed. The above method involves arrangement of molten material inside replaceable shape-generating melting pot and installation inside cooled vacuum chamber of cathode assembly, anode and melting pot. The latter is fixed inside anode made in the form of a metal pipe and arranged axisymmetrically inside cathode assembly with system of annular focusing electrodes and thready annular cathode. Melting of material in melting pot or first of the bottom part, and then of the whole material is performed by moving anode or cathode assembly relative to each other along their vertical axis with formation of crystallisation zone of molten product at the pot bottom and by movement of zone of molten material upwards with velocity providing the formation of shrinkage hole in upper part of the product. |
 Procedure for fabrication and utilisation of set of rods / 2425899Set of elongated rods is produced by fabrication of multitude of rods. Each rod is made by preparing at least one non-metallic preceding compound, by chemical reduction of preceding compounds for production of metallic material and by making compound of metallic material for fabrication of rod. The rod has length equal to length of the set. The set of rods can be used as consumable source material in melting and casting operations. |
 Method of feeding zirconium/hafnium tetrachloride in reduction reactor / 2410450Invention relates to production of zirconium (hafnium) by magnesia-thermal reduction of its tetrachloride in reduction reactor. Proposed method comprises feeding solid tetrachloride into service bin for subsequent continuous feed into evaporator. Note here that feed of solid zirconium (hafnium) tetrachloride into said service bin is carried out by pneumatic transport means using dried inert gas fed from tight feeder so that constant solid residue of tetrachloride is left in service bin: H≥0.5D, where H is height of residue of loaded zirconium (hafnium) tetrachloride layer, D is service bin diametre. Inert gas used after pneumatic transport is forced back via pipeline into feeder. |
 Method of autoclave production of chemically active materials and device to this end / 2405045Proposed method comprises placing mix material into autoclave, heating it, initiating reduction reaction by firing mix material, its melting to produce refractory metal ingot, and unloading finished product. Reaction mix material placed in autoclave, said material is heated directly in autoclave. Autoclave is placed in tightly closed pit representing a straight flow tube with running water to cool down autoclave housing before firing reaction mix material. Mix material is heated by autoclave housing heat. Note here that heating time interval is calculated allowing for time of heating autoclave, its transportation, cooling, and firing reaction mix with due allowance for recovery of the housing mechanical strength provided by cooling the housing and increasing gas pressure. Proposed device incorporates tightly closed vertical pit representing a straight flow tube with running water to cool down autoclave housing before firing reaction mix material. Metal tight tank is arranged in aforesaid pit, while its bottom part represent a cone with cover to remove reaction products. |
 Device for vacuum separation of sponge zirconium / 2402622Device consists of retort-reactor and retort-condenser mounted above retort-reactor with it bottom up; retort-condenser is coupled with working cavity of retort-reactor and is equipped with water-cooled caisson. The retort-reactor has a false bottom on top covered with a sheet of a refractory metal inert to interaction with zirconium at temperature up to 1000°C. Also the device is equipped with a heat shield installed between connecting flanges of the retort-reactor and retort-condenser; the shield is furnished with a steam line and a branch for coupling with systems of vacuumising and inert gas filling. Additionally, the steam-line of the heat shield is made in form of a conic orifice with its point upward and with ratio of diametre at the point to diametre at the base within ranges from 0.2 to 0.7. Before input to the steam line on the side of the retort-reactor there is installed a tray forming a gap where steam flows through from the retort-reactor to the retort-condenser. A circular stop is secured in the working cavity of the retort-reactor adjoining the heat shield; the internal cavity of the circular stop is made in a shape of a conic orifice with its point upward to the bottom of the retort-condenser. |
 Procedure for processing metals chips of titanium subgroup and their alloys / 2389807Procedure consists in degreasing chips with water solution of detergent implementing ultra-sonic bath, in washing chips in hot water, in their drying and crumbling. Also before degreasing chips are crumbled and simultaneously sprinkled with water solution of detergent; degreasing is performed in the ultra-sonic bath where concentration of detergent is 10-40 g/l at temperature 50-65°C during 5-10 minutes. Upon sizing and/or magnet separation chips can be introduced into composition of alloys as addition to charge materials. |
 Method of obtaining soliol ingots-electrodes / 2386707Invention refers to electrometallurgy and can be used at vacuum arc remelting of ingots of high-melting and high reactivity metals and molten metals. Method of obtaining solid ingots-electrodes from high-melting and high-reactivity metals and molten metals involves the first remelting of extruded consumable electrode with formation of ingot-electrode consisting of cylindrical part and shank, intermediate remeltings of cast electrodes with further mechanical treatment of their shanks and the second remelting in vacuum arc furnace. At that, the first remelting of extruded electrode and formation of an ingot consisting of cylindrical part and conical shank at the bottom is performed in vacuum arc furnace with water-cooled crystalliser tank with a tray having a central conical cavity Initial melting stage is performed above the crystalliser tank tray by arcing in circular sector around central cavity in two steps. The first step is performed at 4÷10 kA during 15÷40 minutes, and the second step - at 10÷25 kA during 2÷10 minutes. |
 Method of receiving of perfect crystals of refractory metal and device for its implementation / 2378401In method sample of refractory metal in the form of single crystal with body-centered cubic (BCC) lattice with orientation of growth <111> is subject to plastic deformation at one-pass in rolling plane <112> at a reduction ratio 5-6% in vacuum-rolling mill at temperature 900°C up to receiving of cold-hardened single crystal. Then it is subject to without gradient high-temperature annealing at temperature 2500°C by means of placement into cartridge, installation of it by means of holder co-axial to electron gun and heating in evacuated vessel by defocused electronic beam up to receiving of sample with several grain of dimension more than 25 mm without radiation damage of sample surface. Device for method implementation contains evacuated cooled vessel, electron-beam gun, carriers, bearings, treated material in the form of cold-hardened single crystal of refractory metal and container. Additionally container is implemented with ability by means of carriers of installation co-axial to electron gun and heating by defocused electronic beam. |
 Method of metals receiving and device for its implementation / 2378396Method includes homogeneous reduction of its volatile compounds by hydrogen in reactor made of refractory material at feeding with transportation by argon of volatile compound of reduced metal and hydrogen feeding into reduction zone. Reduction is implemented in reactor, consisting of evaporation zone and reduction zone, by means of feeding after evaporation from of volatile compound of metal into reduction zone. At usage in the capacity of compounds of halogenide metals or metal oxides into reduction zone it is fed correspondingly halogen-hydrogen or water vapors, at ratio of feed rates of hydrogen and argon 1:2 with receiving of metal in the form of metal foil, precipitated on heated walls of reactor. Device includes reactor, implemented of refractory material - fused quartz, treated material in the form of compound if the received metal, heater and feed system of gas. Reactor is implemented with quartz diaphragm for separation into evaporation zone and reduction zone, heated up to temperature 850-950°C separately by means of heaters. |
 Installation of electron-ray zone melting of refractory and transition metals and alloys for growth of mono crystals / 2370553Invention consists of vacuum cooled melting chamber and electron gun with focusing electrodes. A lower electrode is made in form of a disk with a central opening for arranging of treated metal. Focusing electrodes are tied between them with at least one pole secured to their external side surfaces. The upper electrode corresponds to a bushing installed coaxially to the disk; the bushing has a "П"-shaped circular slot facing the lower electrode; and a filamentous circular cathode is installed in the slot. The cathode is located on a direct line connecting the upper internal edge of the disk and lower internal edge of the "П"-shaped slot of the bushing at distance from the said edges determined from ratio: a:b=6.5÷7.5, where a is distance from axis of the filamentous cathode to the lower electrode and b is distance from the axis of the filamentous cathode to the lower edge of the upper electrode. |
 Method for producing powders of refractory metals / 2243859Method is realized by reducing ammonium salts of refractory metals by hydrogen. Method comprises steps of reducing ammonium salts at temperature 350 - 550 C while using hydrogen of hydrogen-containing gas generated in cathode space of electrolyzer for producing fluorine and containing, vol. %: hydrogen, 92 - 94; hydrogen fluoride 5 - 6; inert impurities, the balance. |
FIELD: metallurgy.
SUBSTANCE: invention refers to metallurgy of rare metals. A method for opening loparite concentrates involves preliminary machining of loparite concentrates and further treatment of activated loparite concentrates with 30% of HNO3 solution at the temperature of 99 °C. To further treatment there subject are activated loparite concentrates with double amount of energy of variation of loparite crystal lattice parameters of at least 73 kJ/mole and with stored total amount of energy, which corresponds to surface of areas of coherent dissipation and microdeformations with at least 9.5 kJ/mole of loparite.
EFFECT: providing effective opening of loparite concentrates with extraction of 99% of rare-earth metals to the solution.
1 tbl
The invention relates to metallurgy of rare metals, in particular to processes of opening of minerals, refractory metals.
Loparite belongs to a rather minerals.
Known sulfuric acid method for processing concentrates (Zelikman A.N. Metallurgy of rare refractory metals. - M: Metallurgiya, 1986. .244-246). concentrate decompose 85-92%sulfuric acid at 150-180°C, the consumption of acid 2-2,8/ton of concentrate, crushed to a particle size of less than 74 microns. Adding ammonium sulphate in the amount of 0,2 t/t of concentrate to sulphuric acid prevents caking reactive mass and enhances the extraction of titanium, tantalum and niobium in the solution. The duration of the complete decomposition (loparite concentrate is 20-30 minutes (the degree of opening of 99%). Product processing leached water. In the solid phase, more of REE in the composition of low-soluble double sulphates and their isomorphic mixture with calcium sulfate. Pass into the solution titanium, niobium and tantalum.
Disadvantages of this method are: a multi-stage; high consumption of reagents; high temperature process; implementation of the process in an autoclave, which complicates instrumentation; inability clear separation of valuable components of loparite, resulting in the production of technical purity, so it requires the further complex processing.
Also known method of decomposition concentrates (direct) chlorination, which is simpler from the technological point of view (ibid, .236-244). Its essence is that concentrate in a mixture of coke at a temperature 950-1050°C. Differences in volatility generated chlorides components (loparite concentrate allow you to split its basic valuable components.
Chloride technology of processing of loparite extracts 93-94% of niobium and 86-88% of tantalum in technical oxides, 96,5-97% of titanium tetrachloride technical, removing 95,5-96% of rare earth metals (REM) in molten chlorides.
The method of the direct chlorination along with high technological performance has the following disadvantages:
- chlorine, suggested the chlorination of rare earth oxide, goes in molten chlorides of rare-earth metals, which reprocessing goes to waste water;
- due to presence in concentrate oxides of rare-earth temperature chlorination should be maintained at 950-1050 C, which leads to increased energy intensity of production, a significant reduction in service life of the chlorination plant and increase the amount of waste linings, polluted with radioactive products to be disposed of in .
Also known way fluoridation concentrates (Karelin A. Kononenko, Karelin V.I. - Fluoride technology processing of concentrates of rare metals. - Tomsk: Izd-vo NTL, 2004. P.73-80). The two-stage process, conducted in a burning reactor or vehicles «» boiling layer at temperatures: at the first stage of 350-500 C; on the second - 2000 degrees C. in Addition to using the active fluoride process is complicated by the use of special equipment and low life-time.
Also known method for processing concentrates (Pat. 2145980 of the Russian Federation, a Way of processing (loparite concentrate / N.V., S.V. Shestakov, date of publication 27.02.2000), which is more promising when expanding volumes of production of rare-earth metals, tantalum, niobium and tantalum of concentrates. Source concentrate crushed to a particle size of at least 95% of particles not more than 0.075 mm, opened the nitric acid concentration 650-700 g/l at a temperature of 115-118°C and atmospheric pressure. To increase the length of stay particles loparite in nitric acid up to 40 hours, and the likelihood of their opening processing is carried out in the cascade of apparatus. In the result of such processing pass into the solution connections-earth metals and radioactive impurities. Tantalum, titanium and niobium fully stay hydrated oxides in the sediment. Implementation of the method allows to reduce the discharge of chlorine-ion of waste water; reduce the temperature of the subsequent chlorination sediment leaching up to 800 C; reduce the cost of reagents (coke and chlorine).
A disadvantage of this method is significant reagent consumption and high duration of the process.
Also known way opening (loparite concentrate with the use of the provisional in centrifugal planetary mill (A.S. Medvedev Leaching and ways of its intensification. - M: MISiS. 2005. P.140-144) involving the preliminary machining (loparite concentrate in the planetary mill with a press acceleration 25g for 15 minutes in a «dry» mode. After machining concentrate processed 25-56%governmental solutions of nitric acid at a temperature of 90-100 degrees C, s:l=1:(3...4) and duration of 6 hours.
The result was taken in a nitric solution: without activation ~9% REE, after 15 minutes activation 98-99% REE.
Disadvantages of this method are: high duration of activation; the use of concentrated solutions of nitric acid. The degree of activation is determined only by the duration of machining, that when you change the settings activation or activator does not give possibility of practical application of this method due to the lack of control methods of deformation of crystal lattices phases concentrate. In addition, as shown in the work of A.S. Medvedev, the degree of extraction of valuable components highly dependent on the conditions of processing of activated raw material.
There is a method of opening concentrates (Bogatyreva E.V. and others, the Use of x-ray analysis to assess reactivity phase loparite after mechanical activation, proceedings of the International scientific-practical conference «research and their practical application. Current status and development-2010», 4-15 October, 2010, Odessa, Ukraine), including pre-machining - concentrates and subsequent processing of activated concentrates 30% solution HNO 3 at a temperature of 99°C. The possibility of forecasting reactivity (loparite concentrate, however, this method is not defined threshold value of the absorbed amount of energy changes in parameters of crystal lattice of loparite and no threshold is defined deposited total amount of energy surface regions of coherent scattering and microdeformation, which provide an effective opening concentrates.
The invention solves the problem of simplifying the processes of disintegration concentrates and reduce energy consumption at the stage of preliminary activation material.
The technical result - effective opening concentrates.
The problem is solved in the way of opening concentrates, including pre-machining concentrates and subsequent processing of activated concentrates 30% solution HNO 3 at a temperature of 99°C. Subsequent processing subjected activated concentrates mastered by the amount of energy changes in parameters of crystal lattice of loparite least 73 kJ/mol and the total quantity of energy, the respective surface areas of coherent scattering and , not less than 9.5 kcal/mol loparite.
Assessment of the degree of deformation of the crystal lattice of loparite was carried out according to the number of absorbed energy by using the technique described in work E.V. Bohatyryova, A.G. Ermilova «Assessment of the share of energy stored during mechanical activation of mineral raw materials» Inorganic materials, 2008, vol. 44, .242-247:
De, the following AFF =de, the following d +de, the following S +de, the following e ,
where de, the following d - the amount of energy absorbed in the form of changes in the interplanar distances in the crystal lattice of the mineral:
De, the following d =KE latt .
K - the coefficient of relative change in the volume of the elementary cell phase concentrate (by module);
E latt - energy of the crystal lattice of the mineral.
De, the following S - the amount of energy absorbed in the form of surface regions of coherent scattering (OCD):
.E surf - surface energy of the mineral to the activation;
V mol is the molar volume of a mineral;
D i D 0 - dimensions regions of coherent scattering mineral after the MA and to processing, respectively.
De, the following ε - the amount of energy absorbed in the form of :
.E Y young modulus mineral;
ε i , e o - RMS microdeformation mineral after and up to the MA, respectively.
Preliminary treatment spend up to the amount of energy absorbed in the form of changes in parameters of crystal lattice of loparite at least 73 kJ/mol and the total quantity of energy stored in the form of surface regions of coherent scattering and not less than 9.5 kcal/mol loparite, and the subsequent processing spend 30%-s ' solution of HNO 3 at a temperature of 99°C.
Evaluation of the quantity of absorbed energy allows not only to assess, but to control the reactivity of activated material extent or speed of its response, that is at the final stage of opening, and the degree of its structural violations immediately after removal from the reactor.
The technical result - reduction of energy consumption can be achieved by lowering the duration of machining with 15 up to 2.5 minutes.
The greatest effect of activating the apparent when the amount of energy absorbed in the form of changes in parameters of crystal lattice of loparite at least 73 kJ/mol and the total amount of energy as a surface regions of coherent scattering and not less than 9.5 kcal/mol loparite. The degree of extraction of rare earth in a nitric solution is 99%. The non-activated loparite, in the same conditions of an opening, it was 1.5%.
When the amount of energy absorbed in the form of changes in parameters of crystal lattice of loparite 73,4 kJ/mol and reducing the total amount of energy absorbed in the form of the regions of coherent scattering and microdeformation to 5.8 kJ/mol loparite accompanied by a decrease in the degree of extraction of rare earth to 76% (in the same conditions leaching).
Mechanical activation subjected concentrate krupnostju 89,9% fraction (-0,100+0,010) mm, containing, %: 21,67 Ti; 27,44 REE; 5,73 Nb; 5,29 Ca; 5,12 Na; 1,02 Si; 0,49 Ta; 0,43 Th.
Activation conducted in centrifugal planetary mill brand Lida-0.015.
Absorbed by the amount of energy changes in parameters of crystal lattice of loparite and the total amount of energy, the respective surface areas of the coherent scattering and may be evaluated in the process of machining on periodically selected samples (loparite concentrate or can be predicted in advance by the trial activation at various modes.
Specific examples version are presented in the table. Designations in the table:
MS:MK - ratio of the mass of grinding bodies and the mass of the loaded concentrate.
Z - the degree of filling the drum mill balls, %.
τ and duration of machining (activation).
T:G - the ratio of the solid and liquid components in the pulp leaching.
E latt =16675,5 kJ/mol (determined by Fersman); V mol =37,91 cm3 /mol.
E surf =1,39 j m-2 and E Y =199,26 HPa (determined using the method described in work Zuev V.V., Aksenova GA, Mochalov N.A. and other Research units specific energies of crystal lattices of minerals and inorganic crystals for the estimation of their properties/Enrichment of ores. 1999. №1-2. P.48-53).
The presented data show that the number of absorbed energy in the form of the regions of coherent scattering and correlated with the degree of extraction of the valuable component. Data on conditions of the activation given because these are the only rappers today, used by the majority of researchers.
TableThe ratio between the amounts of the acquired lessons energies and the degree of extraction of rare earth solution
No. of sample
Activation regimes
Structural characteristics of loparite on SAR
The number of absorbed energy, CD W/mol
Modes leaching
Removing the REM in solution, %
MS:MK Z, %τ and , min
Lattice parameters
Di & ε i , %De, the following d
(De, the following s +de, the following e )
T:G t, OCτ , h
, % Ex. - - - a =5,494 >5000 0,10 - - 1:6 99 6 30 1,52 c=7,783 1 20:1 15 0,5 a =5,495 3510 0,11 17,5 0,9 1:6 99 6 30 5,06 c=7,772 2 20:1 15 2,5 a =5,484 633 0,28 73,4 5,8 1:6 99 6 30 76,13 c=7,777 3 80:1 60 0,5 a =5,495 1093 0,14 4,0 3,0 1:6 99 6 30 11,31 c=7,782 4 80:1 60 2,5 a =5,486 381 0,39 74,1 9,9 1:6 99 6 30 99,7 c=7,771 5 5:1 15 2,5 a =5,493 1571 0,14 12,5 2,1 1:6 99 6 30 9,59 c=7,780 6 20:1 60 2,5 a =5,494 857 0,17 21,0 3,9 1:6 99 6 30 26,53 c=7,777 7 80:1 60 2,0 a =5,484 355 0,17 73,4 9,1 1:6 99 6 30 92,10 c=7,777Method of tapping concentrates, including pre-machining concentrates and subsequent processing of activated concentrates 30%-s ' solution of HNO 3 at a temperature of 99℃, wherein the subsequent processing subjected activated concentrates mastered by the amount of energy changes in parameters of crystal lattice of loparite at least 73 kJ/mol and the total quantity of energy, the respective surface areas of coherent scattering and , not less than 9.5 kcal/mol loparite.