Method of inactivating viruses in water media. RU patent 2506232.
| Method of obtaining activated solutions / 2506231 Invention relates to methods of obtaining solutions with preliminarily specified properties, which can be applied in chemical technology, medicine, agriculture, in particular, in viticulture. Method includes influence on 0.6% solution of water-soluble sodium chloride salt in water with constant electric current in chambers of diaphragm electrolyser. Mixture, containing equal portions of 3 water-soluble substances in quantity making it possible to form two-phase system of saturated solution and equal in weight sediment is introduced into resulting from electrochemical processing of initial 0.6 sodium chloride solution anolyte and catholyte. Mixture of sodium silicate, potassium silicate and potassium nitrate with ratio of dry masses 1/1/1 is additionally introduced into activated 0.6% sodium chloride solution in amount 4.0% to solution mass. |
 Device for cleaning oil-bearing waters and effluents / 2506230Invention relates to oil-bearing effluents treatment and can be used for treatment of oil field effluents used in system for maintaining seam pressure at oil field flooding. This device comprises main tank, perforated pipelines, one to feed oil contact mass in water supply layer and another one intended for discharge, arranged at the tank top and bottom parts, respectively. Besides, said device incorporates extra tank composed of two parts. First part is equipped with hydrophobic filter arranged horizontally, sealed and locked along the perimetre, and feed perforated pipe arranged downstream of the filter. Second part is equipped with water discharge pipe at bottom section. Note here that said first and second parts are communicated above extra tank while main tank water discharge pipe communicates with extra tank feed pipe. Main tank and extra tank feed pipe are communicated under contact mass layer via appropriate valves and accessories with hydrocarbon solvent feed pipe. |
 System and method of bioretention / 2506229Invention relates to system of discharge flow purification, such as rain water and sewages, containing hard particles and dissolved substances. System of water purification contains, at least, one retention layer, constructed for receiving water, flowing into system, with retention layer containing media, which have composition, intended for retention of phosphorus, which contain residues of water purification; drainage layer, including drainage system under retention layer, with retention layer and drainage layer being constructed and placed in such a way that, at least, part of water, passing through retention layer will be received by drainage system. |
 Multisectional contact reservoir for water processing with ozone / 2505487Reservoir includes, at least, three communicating with each other hermetic reaction tanks, made preferably of concrete, each in form of parallelepiped, located between pressure compartment, connected with source of processed water, and discharge compartment, which has outlet for supplying water to consumers, as well as equipped with system of ozone-air mixture supply into each reaction section and its dispersion into water, system of removal and destruction of residual ozone in ozone-air mixture, inter-sectional relief compartments are installed between sections, and each section of contact reservoir is additionally equipped with devices of even water distribution on its transverse section, at the top in form of installed under water horizon level dead from one butt end perforated tubes. Open butt ends of tubes, installed in first section are connected with pressure compartment of contact reservoir, and open butt ends of tubes, installed in second and third sections, are connected respectively with cavities of first and second inter-sectional relief compartment, and at the bottom below ozone-air mixture dispersers or in form of similar perforated tubes. Open butt ends in first and second sections are connected respectively with cavity of first and second inter-sectional relief compartment, and open butt ends of tubes in third section are connected with discharge compartment, or horizontally installed perforated partition. Through canals are made in walls, separating first section from first relief compartment, second section from second relief compartment, third section from discharge compartment below perforated partition. |
 Method of drainage outflow purification and device for its realisation / 2505486Weed plants are preliminarily mowed in discharge canal to water level and is left to dry. After drying reed and rush plants are selected. Selected plants are used as sorbent. Filtering cassette net of cassette-holding device is filled with sorbent. Sorbent-containing device is fixed in discharge canal bed in monolithic manner and drainage outflow is passed through it. Plant mowing and replacement of filtering cassette are carried out when rice plant passes from one vegetation stage into another. |
| Method of purifying waste water from heavy metal cations / 2504518 Invention can be used in treating electroplating wastes. The method of purifying waste water from heavy metal cations with a low-frequency pulsed field involves treatment in a heterogeneous medium formed by at least 12 mmol/l of calcium hydroxide, in an electromagnetic apparatus using energy of an alternating electromagnetic field formed by magnetic elements made of hard-magnetic material moving under the effect of said field. |
 Filtration module incorporating capillary membranes / 2504428Invention relates to "from outside-to inside" filtration modules including capillary membranes intended for water or other turbid fluid treatment. Proposed device comprises membrane shutters, each being formed by one row of capillary membranes, lower manifold arranged nearby lower end of membrane shutters and connected therewith, and at least one membrane shutter. Appropriate top manifold arranged nearby upper end of membrane shutter and connected with its capillary membranes is arranged for every membrane shutter. Membrane shutters are arranged vertically while top manifolds are spaced apart to allow fluid flowing upward between membrane shutters and top manifolds. Top manifolds of at least two adjacent membrane shutters are located at different height while capillary membranes of adjacent shutters feature different length. |
 Pipeline transport method of multiphase multicomponent mixture / 2503878Method involves measurement, sampling of hydrocarbon gas-liquid mixture supplied from wells for analysis and supply to mixture flow in the beginning of the pipeline of composition of surface active substances, which converts multiphase multicomponent flow to pseudohomogeneous bubble system, and consisting of oil-soluble demulsifier and depressant or inhibitor of paraffin depositions taken in the weight ration of 1:7 to 7:1. The above composition is introduced in the amount of 0.01 to 0.02 or 0.2 to 0.5 wt % of hydrocarbon constituent of mixture liquid phase. |
 Method of deironing mineral drinking bottled water / 2503626Invention relates to method of removing bivalent iron from drinking, predominantly carbonic mineral waters. Method of deironing mineral drinking bottled water, includes pre-purification of mineral water from suspended admixtures, and deironing is realised by only one operation - processing mineral water with active granulated carbon sorbents in presence of natural humic acids in concentration not less than 1 mg/dm3. This method makes it possible to reduce content of bivalent iron to quantity 0.3 mg/dm3, and, as it has been found out, such residual concentration of iron does not worsen marketable state of bottled water in storage. |
 Device for removal of oil-bearing fluid surface layer / 2503625Invention relates to removal of oil-bearing fluids and can be used in whatever industry. Proposed device comprises oil collection means composed of endless belt conveyor made up of thin belt with perforated sides made from oil-resistant material fitted at two hollow sealed drums, one drive and two driven drives. Said drums have one sprocket at their ends to drive said belt and are secured together with said belt to fixed frame. Float composed of hollow vessel is arranged between hollow drums and belt runs. Besides, proposed device comprises drain system composed by drain scraper mounted at moving frame to get in contact with endless belt above settling tank or aboard self-propelled ship fore. Triangular skids are secured to surfaces of drums and float and there between. Note here that said conveyor can swing relative to fluid surface layer around drive hollow sealed drum mounted at two supports of fixed frame mounted at ship fore or at settling tank in sop. Float and skids are mounted between drums and belt flights while scraper is an inclined tube with grooves made at its bottom section their width being equal to depth of perforated belts and height of stuck oil products while width at top section approximates to thickness of every belt. Note here that pockets are made at scraper of tube bottom section. Groove top part features width approximating to belt thickness. Oil product drain tube is connected with accumulation tank by flexible hose while scraper is arranged at the belt right or left side depending upon rotating sense of conveyor belt. |
 Method of producing sorbent for gas chromatography / 2496572Invention relates to analytical gas chromatography, particularly to methods of producing sorbents for analysing organic substances, including environmental pollutants. Disclosed is a method of producing a sorbent for gas chromatography, involving deposition of a binary composition, consisting of bis-(phenyl-arsinic)acid and β,β'-oxydipropionitrile, onto a solid Chromaton carrier. |
 Method of making mesoporous sorbent / 2491989Invention relates to methods of producing sorbents with a highly ordered MCM-41 type structure. Disclosed is a method of producing mesoporous materials with addition of quercetin and (+)-catechin during synthesis. The method involves preparing a reaction mixture based on Ludox-HS-40, CTABr, NaOH, H2O, quercetin or (+)-catechin. The mixture is subjected to hydrothermal treatment, washed with distilled water and a mixture of 96% ethanol with ammonium nitrate, dried and calcined at 550°C. |
| Method of making sorbent for collection of oil and oil products from fluid and solid surfaces / 2487751 Invention relates to sorbents used for cleaning water and solid surfaces. Modified alkyd resin is deposited on the surface of hollow silica-alumina microspheres. After deposition, sorbent is cured in air unless solid film is produced. |
| Sorption-filtration sandwich material and filter with such material / 2487745 Invention relates to fibrous sorption-filtration materials used for cleaning from aerosols and radioactive forms of iodine. Material comprises the following layers: layer of high-porosity fibre glass nonwoven material with fibre diameter of 5-10 mcm, layer of fibrous activated carbon material, layer of fibrous carbon material impregnated with amine compound and metal iodide, and layer of thin-fibre paper glass or of nonwoven fibrous polyamide material with fibre diameter of 100-300 nm. Material is corrugated and place in filter made up of two modules. First module comprises three layers. Second module comprises layer of fine fibrous material of paper glass or polyimide. |
 Apparatus for filtering water from different sources and method of preparing sorbent material / 2484021Invention relates to sorption treatment of water. The apparatus has a chamber, having an inlet and outlet for a liquid stream and a sorbent element which is hydrodynamically linked to the inlet and the outlet. The chamber is a composite column with a funnel, wherein the connecting parts of the top part of the column enter its bottom part. The structure is fastened by rods and bolts, and is connected to a receiving device fitted with a pump. The sorbent element is a removable cartridge with sorbent material which is placed inside the chamber and is supported by a grid. The method of preparing the sorbent material involves cutting discs from polyurethane, washing, drying and successively saturating the matrix with chemicals to form in the matrix a mixture of iron oxyhydroxide and manganese (IV) dioxide in ratio of 5:1. |
 Plastic oxygen-absorbing structure / 2483931Invention relates to making heat-sealing plastic sheet and film structures and may be used for packing oxygen-sensitive products. Proposed structure comprises, at least, two active oxygen-absorbing layers arranged as follows: fast-absorption high-activity layer including matrix polymer and oxygen absorber and long-time action layer including passive high-barrier matrix polymer and oxygen absorber. Proposed method consists in consecutive application of said layers on permanent polymer substrate from solution for water-based coatings. |
 Method of producing flexible composite active sorbents / 2481154Invention relates to method of producing active sorbents. Proposed method comprises mixing the powder of zeolite or silica gel or combination thereof with polymer solution to form obtained composition to final product of preset geometry. Solution of ethylene fluorine derivatives (that of Teflon) in ketone is fed for mixing with powder. Forming is performed by electrostatic spinning in air at 25°-50°C. After forming, thermal treatment is conducted in vacuum at 70-120°C. |
 Composite absorbing sheet, roll thereof, pile of such sheets, and method of its fabrication / 2480342Invention relates to absorption materials. Proposed composite absorbing sheet CS for domestic applications consists of two layers. First 0.25-0.45 mm-thick layer P1 is made of absorbing paper with capacity with respect to fluids exceeds 5 g/g in compliance with CEN Standard. Second aluminium foil layer P2 features thickness smaller than 10 mcm. Invention covers also the method of producing the sheets. |
| Oil sorbent and method of its production / 2479348 Invention relates to cleaning water surfaces contaminated by oil. Proposed oil sorbent comprises the following components in wt %: carbon powder - 2.6-3, oil wetting agent - 3-3.4, polyamide finer - 14-24, rubber crumb making the rest. Sorbent is made by mixing said components. Oil wetting agent is sprayed on pre-ground polyamide fiber. One third of preset amount of carbon is added to half the bulk of rubber crumb to mix produced mass for 10-20 minutes. Then, ground fibers are gradually introduced therein and remaining half of rubber crumb is added thereto. Produced bulk is mixed for next 20 minutes and, thereafter, remaining portion of carbon powder is added in mixing for 20 minutes. Produced composition is mixed for next 10 minutes. |
 Prolonged release drug preparation, adsorbent, functional foodstuff, mask and adsorbent layer / 2476230Declared group of inventions which refers to an adsorbent, a mask with adsorbent and an absorbent layer for organic substance adsorption, an adsorbent for allergen adsorption, an adsorbent to be used in medicine and an oral adsorbent. Said adsorbents, mask and adsorbent layer contains a porous carbon material comprising spherical pores having average diameter of 1×10-9 to 1×10-5 and regularly spaced (in an orderly fashion) with a surface area of the material making more than 3x102 m2/g. |
 One-nanometer positive fiber adsorbent / 2304463Absorbent comprises non-spherical particles of aluminum hydroxide whose fiber diameter is less than 50 nm. The absorbent is produced by interacting the initial aluminum component with water solution at a temperature of up to 100°C and applied directly on the fiber surface. |
FIELD: chemistry.
SUBSTANCE: invention can be used for preparation of ultra-pure water, safe for consumption by people, as a result of sorption purification of drinkable water from viruses. Method includes filtration of water through zones with sorption materials, where, at least, one of zones represents porous filtering element based on resins, obtained by condensation of aldehydes with aromatic phenols and amines. Sorption material possesses the following characteristics: ratio of absolute value of zeta potential of porous filtering element to value of effective radius of liquid flow canal constitutes not less than 104 V/m. Porous filtering element, based on resin, obtained by condensation of formaldehyde with resorcin or melamine, is used as such sorption material of, at least, one of zones. Porous filtering element can preferably contain onwashed layer of sorption material, characterised by ratio of absolute value of material zeta potential to value of effective radius of flow canal not less than 105 V/m.
EFFECT: method ensures high degree of neutralisation of viruses.
7 cl, 17 ex, 12 tbl
THE TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to the field of water purification, mainly drinking water from viruses and can be used in the manufacture of filters designed for preparation of ultrapure water that is safe for human consumption.
THE LEVEL OF TECHNOLOGY
Virus (lat. virus - poison) - subcellular infectious agent that can be played only within living cells. By nature viruses are Autonomous genetic elements with extracellular stage in the development cycle. Viruses are tiny particles consisting of molecules of nucleic acids - DNA or RNA, prisoners in a protein shell. Viruses can infect living organisms and are obligate parasites, as we are unable to reproduce outside the cell. Outside the cell, the viral particles do not show signs of live and behave as particles of organic polymers.
Many viruses that can cause serious disease can enter the human body with drinking water. In water treatment technology removal or inactivation of viruses, special attention is connected with the importance of solving this problem, and with the technical complexity of this solution.
Traditional methods of removal of viruses from water can be divided into three groups:
1) Adsorption of viruses on active surfaces;
2) virus Filtering through a porous medium with an effective pore diameter of less than the amount of the virus.
3) Strong chemical and physical influences that destroy the virus.
Adsorption methods of virus removal, as a rule, involve the use of fine materials with high surface charge and developed area of contact with water. Fixation of the virus is mainly due to electrostatic interactions. Note, however, that the virus in the water is a particle with a mainly on the protein surface with a low private charge, depending on the pH of the medium. Therefore, the force of binding of the virus on the surface is small, so the virus is not fixed irreversibly in the point of contact with the surface of the adsorbent, but a constant stream of liquid along the surface has a migration of the virus, and when the local fluctuations of the water composition is desorption.
In addition to viruses in the water contains substantial amounts of substances of organic origin with the same surface charge: natural polymers (humic acid), man-made substances, microorganisms and products of their vital activity. So committing virus takes the form of the competitive adsorption with substances of a similar nature, the mass content of which is significantly more than the viruses.
Virus filtering is possible with the use of a porous medium with a small pore size: osmosis and nanofiltration membranes that entails the application of high pressure, as well as education in the result of the filtering process concentrate containing greater concentration of viruses than in the source water. In addition, the clipping of particles on the membranes is not absolute and there is always a certain probability of passing the virus through the membrane due to the presence of defects in its structure.
To chemical and physical influences can be attributed, in particular, the use of General methods for bactericidal treatment of liquid to remove viruses. Such methods are ineffective, because unlike microorganisms viruses are much more resistant to the action of UV radiation, chlorinated bactericides, silver and polymer bactericides.
The prior art known to «Filter material, method of its production and how you want to filter on the request of the 2005125140 EN from 08.08.2005, the Essence of the method consists in the fact that carry out the modification of polymer fibrous material particles of aluminum oxide hydrate, for which the polymer fibrous material is applied to the source material on the basis of aluminum, then carry out the hydrolysis of the latter, during which the polymer fibrous material are formed and fixed hydrate particles of aluminum oxide.
The disadvantage of this solution is that in the process of operation of fine-dispersed aluminium hydroxide dissolves, which leads to loss of the ability of the filter material inactivate viruses.
Known solution by the patent USA 7,390,343 from 24.06.2008, serving filtering device, containing at least one fibrous structure, which is a mixture of nanofibers of aluminum hydroxide and other fibers, placed in a matrix to create asymmetric then to filter particles from small to nano size. The claimed device, when passing through the water, is able to suppress bacteria and viruses.
In this decision, to achieve the desired result, the active component of inaktiviruyuschy viruses must be applied on an inert carrier. However, because of the physical properties of the inert carrier impossible to apply the active ingredient in the amount required for the removal of viruses in large quantities.
Known methods and devices for filtering patent 6,852,224 from USA, 08.02.2005; 7,749,394 USA from 06.07.2010,; 6,783,713 USA from 31.08.2004,; 2237022 EN from 27.09.2004, the essence of water filtration through the dense layers of particles of activated carbon of various size, shape and porosity. Capture pathogens , in particular computer viruses, particles of activated coal, according to the authors, is determined by electrostatic, van der Waals and hydrophobic forces. Thus, the mechanism of action of known solutions is reduced to the physical adsorption of viruses and limited by the amount of adsorption capacity of the material, especially in the conditions of the competitive adsorption of viruses with other admixtures of organic nature.
There is a method of purification of drinking water on the application 93050424 EN from 09.11.1993, The essence of the invention lies in the fact that drinking water is filtered through the alternating layers chemisorptive fibers or materials on their basis, containing in the structure a carboxyl group in the H, Na, Ag-forms and ammonium grounds in the Cl and CO-forms with complex compounds of iodine in mass ratio of fibres from 1:3 to 3:1, respectively, and the rate of filtration of up to 20 l/h
Active components of the specified decisions are antibacterial and have no specific impact on viruses.
The closest solution to the declared is the invention «Method of purification of tap water» by the patent 2049078 EN from 27.11.1995, including sequential transmission of water under pressure through the zone cleaning activated charcoal, cation exchange resin, anion-exchange resin and polymeric membranes, and as ultrafiltration polymeric membranes use of hollow fibers of aromatic polyamide " phenylon", the treated water is served in the internal cavity of hollow fibres and leachate removed from their outer side.
Materials in this process of purification are arranged in layers. The size of the particles and the corresponding effective size of the channels of leakage of liquid in the layers of ion exchange resins and activated carbon are too large compared with the size of the virus. Thus, virus removal practically carried out on membranes made of aromatic polyamide, and who have very high hydraulic resistance, which in turn leads to a rapid clogging of membranes in the absence of washing and thereby reduces the efficiency of the process.
The technical purpose of the claimed authors solution is to build a highly efficient method of inactivation of viruses in filtering through the environment with moderate hydraulic resistance and high efficiency of properties.
The technical result of the invention is a high degree of neutralization of viruses in the filtering process.
The technical result is achieved by the method of inactivation of viruses in aquatic environments, including passage of fluid under pressure through the zones of sorption materials, at least one of the zones has the following characteristics: a ratio of the absolute values of the Zeta potential of sorption material to the value of the effective radius of the channel of the flow is not less than 10,000 In/m
THE ESSENCE OF THE INVENTION
According to the available literature data and the results of their own experiments, the authors found that the best results as to the completeness virus removal of water, and conservation of this property over time show polymer materials with a developed surface, and a fairly high density of charge. Assumption purely adsorption mechanism of binding virus allows to explain the lack of saturation filter viruses, as well as small influence the content of organic admixtures in water on the completeness of catching viruses.
According to the authors of the invention, neutralization mechanism (inactivation) of the viruses in the process of filtration through a porous medium can be explained as follows. When the filtration of a fluid through a porous medium with a sufficiently high density fixed charge on the pore surface of virus particles near the surface exposed to electrical forces caused by moving of counterions together with the flow of the fluid. With the manifestation of such forces are no known in colloid chemistry electrokinetic phenomena: electro, electrophoresis, the occurrence of a potential difference in flow and sedimentation.
In the case of a filtration of a fluid through a porous medium measure of this interaction is the value of the potential leakage. Corresponding own material characteristic is the value of the z-potential, calculated from the values of potential leaks and fluid parameters in equation (1)
where Δφ - measured value of the potential flow; P - pressure loss when the flow of a liquid through porous material; η is the dynamic viscosity of liquids; λ S - a private electrical conductivity of porous medium; e and ε 0 is the dielectric constant of the medium and vacuum.
In the absence of fluid motion in the pores of the potential flow equal to zero, and the charge of the walls of the pores compensated diffuse layer of counterions. When the flow of fluid in narrow (of the order of microns) pores is a violation of the distribution of mobile ions relative to the walls of the pores due to hydraulic mixing liquid flows down the winding narrow channel. For a completely uniform distribution of mobile ions in a cylindrical pore charged with wall dependence of values of electric field intensity on the distance from the center of the pores x will
where r is the radius of the pores, and more precisely - the bearing fixed charge, on which the potential is equal to z, the positive direction of the selected vector from the center to the outer surface of the pores. For pore diameter of 2 mm at the distance of 0.5 microns from the centre when the value of the Zeta-potential 10 mV local value of the electric field is equal to 10,000 In/m=100 V/cm, and the distance of 0.1 microns from the charged surface - 18000 A/m=180/see
The natural size of the virus is 50-100 nm, and taking into account the interaction of protein shirts virus water effective size of the virus as colloidal particles in the water can be estimated in tenths of a micron. When driving in the twisting the pores of the viruses get into range of a significant electrical forces. Potential drop along virus particles with effective size will g
When injected into the area of action of electric forces virus particle is subjected to polarization and finds himself in a similar process of activation of the virus when approaching to the cage-owner reveal the virus envelope protein and throw nucleic acid of the virus in the body cells transport through the channels of its membrane. Signal to the destruction of the Quaternary protein structure viral shirts can be only electrostatic interaction near the surface of the cell membrane. We can assume that near the charged surface of the pores of the filter media can be a similar violation of the structure of a protein shirts virus, but the virus DNA (or RNA) virus is not in the body of the host cell, and in the water, which does not have the conditions necessary for reduplication. Thus, the virus is , its components remain in the water and on the adsorbing materials surface of pores.
For realization of the invention filtered water under pressure through one or more zones, and at least one zone has the necessary combinations of effective pore radius and the porosity of the greatest possible uniformity of these properties on the volume of the zone (the absence of channel effects). Central characteristic of the electric field intensity in the pore can be the
having the physical meaning of the values of tension on the distance from the centre, is equal to half the radius of the pores.
One of the most homogeneous filter materials are porous resin, obtained by condensation of aromatic aldehydes with phenols, amines. Condensation is held in the form, the porosity of the element sets the number and ratio of the components. The most common porous filtering elements, obtained by condensation of formaldehyde with resorcinol and melamine in an acidic environment. One can obtain the elements of the effective pore radius of 0.5 to 15 microns.
The effective range is calculated from the relation
where ε - porosity of the medium (the share of the free volume, filled with water), p - the true density of the material, σ - specific surface.
Specific surface of the material σ determined by the nitrogen adsorption method Б-Emmett-teller. Porosity ε is calculated from the difference of masses of material saturated with water and after centrifugation, when the water from the pores removed.
To determine the z-potential material sample grated in hand a mortar, then stir in water and allow to sit for 30 minutes, after which the suspension of the remaining suspended fine particles is examined for the device «Zetasizer, Malvern».
Found that the polymer porous elements on the basis of resorcinol formaldehyde and show considerable (from -25 to -40 mV) negative values of the z-building. Elements on the basis of formaldehyde and melamine, however, show high positive values to +35 mV. Specified behavior associated with the presence on the surface of pores in the materials of significant amounts of weak acid and groups respectively.
To strengthen the antiviral activity of filter elements there is a need to create a second filtration zone, which may be formed on the surface of the first in the form of upstream layer. This layer can be made dispersible material with high value of the z-building. One such material is expanded perlite, the resulting thermal processing of mineral on the basis of silicon dioxide with a special crystalline structure. The material has a high specific surface of particles in the presence of their surfaces of numerous weak acid groups.
EXAMPLES OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION
Sustainable value of the z - potential flows of tap water, Saint-Petersburg amounted to 28 mW. Thus, the ratio of the absolute values of the Zeta potential of sorption material to the value of the effective radius of the channel of the flow is
EXAMPLE 2. Through the filter with filter element in example 1 let in water as viruses. As a viral cultures have used the virus of hepatitis A HAS-15). Used the suspension viral culture of concentration between 10 2 10 10 particles in ml. In each test passed through the filter 10 litres of suspension, have determined the presence of viruses after 2 and 10 liters, the transmission rate was 8 l/min
The concentration of virus was determined by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) with the use of reagents « HAV» (made in ), the limit of detection of viruses this method is 10 2 /ml ( - tissue viral-induced cytopathic dose) To control the use enzyme immunoassay using a test system And-Antigen Strip» (made in Vector-best), the limit of detection of the method is 10 6 TDC/ml The results of determining the presence of viruses in the filtered water are given in table 1.
Table 1.The concentration of the virus at the entrance /ml
PCR method
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
2nd liter
10th liter
2nd liter
10th liter
10 2 - - - - 10 3 - - - - 10 4 - - - - 10 5 - - - - 10 6 - - - - 10 7 - - - - 10 8 - - - - 10 9 - + - - 10 10 + + - -Found that the filter element in conditions of the experiment provides the reduction of the concentration of the virus in at least 10 7 times.
EXAMPLE 3. Through the filter with filter element in example 1 let in water as viruses. As viral culture used rotavirus human HRV/SPb/884/10/05. Used the suspension viral culture of concentration between 10 2 10 10 particles in ml. each test passed through the filter 10 litres of suspension, have determined the presence of viruses after 2 and 10 liters, the transmission rate was 8 l/min
The concentration of virus was determined by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) with the use of reagents « Rota viruses group» (made in ), the limit of detection of viruses this method is 10 2 /ml ( - tissue viral-induced cytopathic dose) For control was used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with the test-system «Roth AG (SPE ), the limit of detection of the method is 10 6 TDC/ml the Results of determining the presence of viruses in the filtered water are given in table 2.
Table 2.
The concentration of the virus at the entrance /ml
PCR method
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
2nd liter
10th liter
2nd liter
10th liter
10 2 - - - - 10 3 - - - - 10 4 - - - - 10 5 - - - - 10 6 - - - - 10 7 - - - - 10 8 - - - - 10 9 - - - - 10 10 + + - -Found that the filter element in conditions of the experiment provides the reduction of the concentration of the virus in at least 10 times.
EXAMPLE 4. Through the filter with filter element in example 1 let in water as viruses. As viral culture used norovirus (noro-Spb/2005). Used the suspension viral culture of concentration between 10 2 10 10 particles in ml. each test passed through the filter 10 litres of suspension, have determined the presence of viruses after 2 and 10 liters, the transmission rate was 8 l/min
The concentration of virus was determined by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) with the use of reagents « Caliciviruses: Noroviruses» (made in ), the limit of detection of viruses this method is 10 2 /ml ( - tissue viral-induced cytopathic dose). The results of determining the presence of viruses in the filtered water are given in table 3.
Table 3.
The concentration of the virus at the entrance /ml
PCR method
2nd liter
10th liter
10 2 - - 10 3 - - 10 4 - - 10 5 - - 10 6 - - 10 7 - - 10 8 - - 10 9 + + 10 10 + +Found that the filter element in conditions of the experiment provides the reduction of the concentration of the virus in at least 10 6 times.
EXAMPLE 5. Porous filtering element was received in the process of condensation of resorcinol formaldehyde in the presence of acid. The linear dimensions of the element - as in example 1. The share of the free volume (porosity) in the filter module was 45%.
Specific surface of a material is defined by nitrogen adsorption method BET amounted to 2.4 m 2 /year of the Effective radius of the channel was r EF =0.6 microns.
Sustainable value of the z-potential flows of tap water, the St. Petersburg was 38,0 mV. Thus, the ratio of the absolute values of the Zeta potential of sorption material to the value of the effective radius of the channel of the flow is
EXAMPLE 6. Through the filter with filter element for example 5 missed water as viruses. As a viral cultures have used the virus of hepatitis A HAS-15). Experimental conditions in example 2. Results are shown in table 4.
Table 4.The concentration of the virus at the entrance of the TPD/ml
PCR method
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
2nd liter
10th liter
2nd liter
10th liter
10 2 - - - - 10 3 - - - - 10 4 - - - - 10 5 - - - - 10 6 - - - - 10 7 - - - - 10 8 - - - - 10 9 - - - - 10 10 - - - -EXAMPLE 7. Through the filter with filter element for example 5 missed water as viruses. As viral culture used rotavirus human HRV/SPb/884/10/05. Experimental conditions in example 3. Results are shown in table 5.
Table 5.
The concentration of the virus at the entrance /ml
PCR method
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
2nd liter
10th liter
2nd liter
10th liter
10 2 - - - - 10 3 - - - - 10 4 - - - - 10 5 - - - - 10 6 - - - - 10 7 - - - - 10 8 - - - - 10 9 - - - - 10 10 - - - -Found that the filter element in conditions of the experiment provides the reduction of the concentration of the virus in at least 10 8 times.
EXAMPLE 8. Through the filter with filter element for example 5 missed water as viruses. As viral culture used norovirus (noro-Spb/2005). Experimental conditions in example 4. Results are shown in table 6.
Table 6.The concentration of the virus at the entrance /ml
PCR method
2nd liter
10th liter
10 2 - - 10 3 - - 10 4 - - 10 5 - - 10 6 - - 10 7 - - 10 8 - - 10 9 - - 10 10 + +Found that the filter element in conditions of the experiment provides the reduction of the concentration of the virus in at least 10 7 times.
EXAMPLE 9. Through the filter with filter element in example 1 let in water as viruses. As viral culture used rotavirus human HRV/SPb/884/10/05. Determination of the content of the virus in the original and filtered water - PCR in example 3.
Perform filtering suspensions virus with a concentration of 10 6 TDC/ml at various speeds filtering. The results of the experiment are given in table 7.
Table 7.Filtration rate, l/min
The concentration of viruses, TDC/ml
Time of contact with water, S.
Inlet Output 8,7 10 6 - 5,2 9,7 10 6 - 4,7 13,3 10 6 - 3,4 30,2 10 6 10 2 1,5Found that the overshoot of active viruses occurs when a contact time of the filter material with water for at least 2 seconds.
EXAMPLE 10. Porous filtering element was received in the process of condensation of resorcinol formaldehyde in the presence of acid. The linear dimensions of the element - as in example 1. The share of the free volume (porosity) in the filter module was 60%.
Specific surface of a material is defined by nitrogen adsorption method BET amounted to 0.2 m 2 /year of the Effective radius of the channel was r EF =12.5 mkm.
Sustainable value of the z-potential flows of tap water, the St. Petersburg was 25 mV. Thus, the ratio of the absolute values of the Zeta potential of sorption material to the value of the effective radius of the channel of the flow is
EXAMPLE 11. Through the filter with filter element for example 10 missed water as viruses. As viral culture used norovirus (noro-Spb/2005). The experimental conditions are similar to Example 4.
The results of determining the presence of viruses in the filtered water are given in table 8.
Table 8.
The concentration of the virus at the entrance /ml
PCR method
2nd liter
10th liter
10 2 - - 10 3 - - 10 4 - + 10 5 + + 10 6 + + 10 7 + +Found that the filter element in conditions of the experiment provides the reduction of virus concentration not more than 10 times. Thus, the filter element exhibit a low efficiency in inactivation of viruses.
EXAMPLE 12. Water as viruses passed through the filter element in example 9, the surface of which was additionally formed alluvial layer, composed by the particles of expanded perlite.
Thickness of a layer of perlite amounted to 3 mm, the total weight of it - 155 g, which is in its own particle density 2.65 g/cm 3 corresponds to layer porosity of 0.65. Specific surface of the material determined by BET method amounted to 4 m2 /G. Thus, the effective radius of the channel leakage r EF =0,35 microns.
Sustainable value of the z-potential flows of tap water in St. Petersburg was 54 MB. Thus, the ratio of the absolute values of the Zeta potential of sorption material to the value of the effective radius of the channel of the flow is
As viral culture used norovirus (noro-Spb/2005). The experimental conditions are similar to Example 4.
The results of determining the presence of viruses in the filtered water are shown in table 9.
Table 9.
The concentration of the virus at the entrance /ml
PCR method
2nd liter
10th liter
10 2 - - 10 3 - - 10 4 - - 10 5 - - 10 6 - - 10 7 - - 10 8 - - 10 9 - + 10 10 + +Found that the filter element in conditions of the experiment provides the reduction of the concentration of the virus in at least 10 6 times.
EXAMPLE 13. Porous filtering element was received in the process of condensation of melamine formaldehyde in the presence of acid. The linear dimensions of the element - as in example 1. The share of the free volume (porosity) in the filter module was 50%.
Specific surface of a material is defined by nitrogen adsorption method BET was 0.6 m 2 /year of the Effective radius of the channel was r EF =5,5 microns.
EXAMPLE 14. Through the filter with filter element for example 13 missed water as viruses. As viral culture used norovirus (noro-Spb/2005). The experimental conditions are similar to Example 4.
The results of determining the presence of viruses in the filtered water are given in table 10.
Table 10.
The concentration of the virus at the entrance of the TPD/ml
PCR method
2nd liter
10th liter
10 2 - - 10 3 - - 10 4 - - 10 5 - - 10 6 - - 10 7 - - 10 8 - - 10 9 - - 10 10 + +Found that the filter element in conditions of the experiment provides the reduction of the concentration of the virus in at least 10 7 times.
EXAMPLE 15. Porous filtering element was received in the process of condensation of urea with formaldehyde in the presence of acid. The linear dimensions of the element - as in example 1. The share of the free volume (porosity) in the filter module was 54%.
Specific surface of a material is defined by nitrogen adsorption method BET amounted to 1.5 m 2 /year of the Effective radius of the channel was r EF =1.3 mkm.
Sustainable value of the z-potential flows of tap water in St. Petersburg was 12 mV. Thus, the ratio of the absolute values of the Zeta potential of sorption material to the value of the effective radius of the channel of the flow is
EXAMPLE 16. Through the filter with filter element for example 15 missed water as viruses. As viral culture used norovirus (noro-Spb/2005). The experimental conditions are similar to Example 4.
The results of determining the presence of viruses in the filtered water are given in table 11.
Table 11.
The concentration of the virus at the entrance /ml
PCR method
2nd liter
10th liter
10 2 - - 10 3 - - 10 4 - - 10 5 - + 10 6 + + 10 7 + +Found that the filter element in conditions of the experiment provides the reduction of virus concentration not more than 10 to 3 times. Thus, the filter element exhibit a low efficiency in inactivation of viruses.
EXAMPLE 17
Water as viruses passed through the filter element in example 9, the surface of which was additionally formed alluvial layer, composed of fine-dispersed titanium dioxide particles with an average size of 1 micron.
The thickness of the layer of titanium dioxide was 5 mm, the total weight of it - 538 g, which is in its own particle density 4,235 g/cm 3 corresponds to layer porosity 0,55. Specific surface of the material determined by BET method amounted to 1.4 m 2 /and, therefore, the effective radius of the channel leakage r EF =0.4 microns.
Sustainable value of the z-potential flows of tap water in St. Petersburg was 42 mW. Thus, the ratio of the absolute values of the Zeta potential of sorption material to the value of the effective radius of the channel of the flow is
As viral culture used norovirus (noro-Spb/2005). The experimental conditions are similar to Example 4.
The results of determining the presence of viruses in the filtered water are given in table 12.
Table 12.
The concentration of the virus at the entrance /ml
PCR method
2nd liter
10th liter
10 2 - - 10 3 - - 10 4 - - 10 5 - - 10 6 - - 10 7 - - 10 8 - + 10 9 + + 10 10 + +Found that the filter element in conditions of the experiment provides the reduction of the concentration of the virus in at least 10 6 times.
1. The method of inactivation of viruses in aquatic environments, including passing under the pressure of the fluid through the zones of sorption materials, characterized in that in the capacity of sorption material at least one of the zones for use porous filter element based on resins, obtained by condensation of aromatic aldehydes with phenols or amines who has the following characteristics: a ratio of the absolute values of the Zeta potential of porous filter element to the value of the effective radius of the channel of the flow is at least 10 4 In/m
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the capacity of sorption material at least one of the zones for use porous filter element based resin, obtained by condensation of formaldehyde with resorcinol.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the capacity of sorption material at least one of the zones for use porous filter element based on resins obtained by condensation of formaldehyde with melamine.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the porous filter element can contain alluvial layer of sorption material, characterized by an attitude of absolute values of the Zeta-potential material to the value of the effective radius of the channel leakage at least 10 5 A/m