Calcium carbide. RU patent 2501733.

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: method includes thermal processing of crushed limestone and coal with discharge of gaseous products, which are applied for production of carbonic acid. Thermal processing is carried out in one reactor. At the first stage in the process of introduction of raw material into reactor it is subjected to heating to 1000°-1200°C by transmission of heat from constructive elements of loading canal and by exposure of raw material to plasma beam in zone of free movement of raw material particles. Thermal processing of raw material is realised in atmosphere of carbon dioxide. Further synthesis of calcium carbide is realised at temperature, at least, 1700-1800°C by induction heating of reaction mass. Obtained calcium carbide liquid is discharged. Gaseous products, from which carbon oxide and carbon dioxide are separated, are discharged from upper part of reactor, and at least, part of discharged carbon dioxide is applied for filling loading canal. For production of carbonic acid volume of carbon dioxide, remaining after filling loading canal and entire volume of carbon oxide are applied.

EFFECT: increase of target product output and reduction of process power consumption.

1 dwg

The invention relates to methods of processing of mineral raw materials and may be used for his deep processing with the receipt of calcium carbide.

A method of refining mineral raw materials, including roasting of limestone in the reactor with the filing of the it and high-temperature combustion plants (see SU # 1449553, cl. 04 2/02, 1989).

However, this technical solution is small range of commercial products (only lime), low ecological compatibility of the production process, moreover, complicated process to ensure the production of high-temperature fuel.

Also known method of production of calcium carbide, including thermal processing of crushed limestone and coal with the diversion of gaseous products and their use for the production of carbon dioxide (RU №2256611, 01 31/32, 04 2/02, C01F 11/06, C07C 11/24, 2005).

However, this technical solution process to ensure the production of high-temperature source of energy is carried out through the use of part of the receivable carbide of calcium for the production of acetylene, which burned for heat supply in the processes of lime burning and synthesis of calcium carbide, which reduces the output of the target product. In addition, the processes of lime burning and synthesis of calcium carbide is carried out in two consistently placed reactors, which leads to non-production heat loss during transmission of materials from one reactor to another.

Task, the solution of which is directed by the proposed technical solution is to increase the output of the target product and reduce energy intensity of production of calcium carbide.

The technical result is obtained when solving a task, is expressed in the exclusion of consumption of calcium carbide for technological needs and exclusion of unproductive losses of heat (due to the cooling of the raw material components) through the implementation of the method in the amount of one reactor.

The problem is solved by the fact that the way the production of calcium carbide, including thermal processing of crushed limestone and coal with tap gaseous products, which are used for the production of carbon dioxide, differs in that the use of fine-dispersed mixture of raw materials, thermal treatment is carried out in a reactor, the first stage in the process of entering raw materials in the reactor it is subjected to heat, preferably up to 1,000 degrees -1200 degree C for which the heating of raw mass conduct heat transfer from the structural elements of the boot channel by which fine-dispersed raw materials are moved by gravity, and the influence of the plasma beam formed by plasma torch in the area of free movement of particles raw mass, thermal processing of raw materials is carried out in the atmosphere of carbon dioxide, which is fed into the channel, and the subsequent synthesis of calcium carbide carried out at a temperature of at least 1700-1800°, followed by induction heating of the reaction mass, in addition, the melt of calcium carbide is withdrawn through a vent hole at the bottom of the reactor, from the top of the reactor cavity assign gaseous products of which emit carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and at least part of the exhaust of carbon dioxide are used for filling the boot channel, in addition, for the production of carbon dioxide use the amount of carbon dioxide remaining after filling the boot channel and the entire amount of carbon monoxide.

Comparative analysis of the characteristics of the claimed solution with the attributes of the prototype and analogues indicates compliance of the claimed solution to the criterion of"novelty".

Signs distinctive part of the claims provide the following functional tasks:

Sign of "use fine-dispersed mixture of raw materials" provides a warm-up of the raw materials supply to the temperature of dissociation of carbonates, with a relatively small length of the boot channel.

A sign indicating that the "thermal processing (fine mixture of raw materials) are in one reactor" prevents heat loss heated raw mass at the transition zone of contact and plasma heating in the zone of induction heating of the reactor.

Signs "at the first stage in the process of entering raw materials in the reactor it is subjected to heat, preferably up to 1000-1200 degree C for which the heating of raw materials conduct heat transfer from the structural elements of the boot channel by which fine-dispersed raw materials are moved by gravity, and the influence of the plasma beam formed by plasma torch in the area of free movement of particles of raw mass" warming provide the raw materials supply to the temperature of dissociation of carbonates that reduces energy costs for induction warming up of the reaction mass.

Sign of "thermal processing of raw materials is carried out in the atmosphere of carbon dioxide, which is fed into the channel ensures that the plasma gas in the boot channel, in addition, thereby eliminating the explosive burning of combustible gases, released in coal mass.

Sign of "the subsequent synthesis of calcium carbide carried out at a temperature of at least 1700-1800°, followed by induction heating of the reaction mass provides an opportunity of production of calcium carbide at warming up before the requested temperature range, pre-heated reaction mass.

Sign of "molten calcium carbide is withdrawn through a vent hole at the bottom of the reactor provides the optimum scheme of movement of material reaction mass, top-down, gravity, does not require the use of special means.

Sign "from the top of the reactor cavity assign gaseous products of which emit carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide» simplify the organization of exhaust gas mass of the reactor, which is not affected to melt the reaction mass, while providing opportunities for the recycling of carbon oxides.

Sign of "at least part of the exhaust of carbon dioxide are used for filling up the boot channel» provides carbon dioxide for ensuring the process of synthesis carbide carbon, without using an external source of this gas.

Sign "in addition, for the production of carbon dioxide use the amount of carbon dioxide remaining after filling the boot channel and the entire amount of carbon monoxide provides an opportunity of full recycling of gases-carbon oxides formed during the synthesis of carbide carbon.

The invention is illustrated by a drawing, which shows the scheme of implementation of the method.

The diagram shows the top 1 and 2 lower part of the body of a plasma reactor, the boot channel 3, the source of the raw mix 4, the top cover 5 boot channel 3, the source of the plasma gas 6, sloping pouring shelves 7, channels 8 and 9, accordingly, for the input of the raw material mixture and carbon dioxide, the top 10 and bottom 11 electromagnetic coils, the outlet 12 slewing platform 13, drive 14 swing sources 15 coal, limestone 16, water 17, plasmatron 18 with nozzle 19, the longitudinal axis of 20 boot channel 3, plasma cord 21, edges 22 pouring shelves 7, the first 23 and the second 24 gas-escape channels, gas-separating unit 25, the second reactor 26, base 27 turntable 13, rollers 28, an additional channel for coal 29.

The top 1 and the middle part of the hull of a plasma reactor is made in the form of the cylindrical chamber. Its lower part 2 is made conic and completed outlet 12. Case of a plasma reactor and serving out its part of the boot channel 3 are water cooled (fitted jacket, made known with the possibility of pumping the heat sink agent (water). The boot channel 3 skipped through the top cover other plasma reactor, is made of heat-resistant steel. It is equipped with a pressure cap and communicated to channel 8 with a source of raw mix 4 (storage hopper dispersed dry material), placed above the housing 1, which provides self-flowing movement of the mixture in the reactor at the open gates (not shown), while the source of the raw mix 4 communicated with the sources of 15 coal and limestone 16. In addition, the source of coal 15, through an additional channel for the supply of coal 29 (fitted with a shut-off valve a known design - drawing does not marked) communicated directly with channel 8.

Cavity boot channel 3 is made to messages known source of the plasma gas 6 (which is used as carbon dioxide), in addition, the source of the plasma gas 6 communicated to channel 9 for input of carbon dioxide with plasmatron 18. In addition, in the cavity of the boot channel 3 installed inclined pouring shelves 7 made of metal, inclined at an angle close to the angle of repose of the furnace charge used for the synthesis of calcium carbide. On the top of the boot channel 3(on his top cover 5) is recorded at least one plasmatron known construction, with a capacity of up to 25-50 kW, ensuring the formation of a plasma filament 21 oriented down into the gap between the edges 22 pouring shelves 7. It is appropriate that the torch would be at least two, and formed their plasma cords 21 must be aimed at a sharp angle to the longitudinal axis of 20 boot channel 3 in the gap between the edges 22 pouring shelves 7.

As a means of heating the raw mixture in the reactor use the top 10 and bottom 11 electromagnetic coils, made by the famous way with the possibility of induction heating of raw materials to its melting temperature, placed at different heights on the hull of a plasma reactor.

The lower 11 electromagnetic coil is installed permanently or with the possibility of reciprocation on the height of the reactor (for example, on the platform installed on sliding the power cylinders - in the drawings mentioned items are not marked) with the possibility of lowering the maximum close to the exhaust pipe of the 12 - before the beginning of the lower (conical) section of the reactor vessel.

The upper coil 10 is installed on the surface of the turntable 13, made with the possibility of rotation around the reactor vessel, which is assigned to the variable height and equipped with wheel 14 ensuring its turn, for this purpose, the lower surface of the turntable 13 supported on the number of rollers 28 based on a circular groove (in the drawing is not designated) of the Foundation 27, one of which is made the drive (for example, fixed on the shaft of a reversible motor.

The second reactor 26 is made with the possibility of synthesis of carbon dioxide, in the form of capacity-related block 25 gas pipelines submission of CO 2 and, in addition, he communicated with a source of water 17 made in the form of water containers. The second reactor 26 is equipped with a pumping, metering and measuring equipment of known structure (not shown), providing for the implementation of the process of synthesis of H 2 CO 3 . The output of the second reactor 26 associated with the storage of carbon dioxide (not shown), the construction of which is determined by the form of supplies of carbon dioxide to the consumer, i.e., liquefied or "dry ice", and does not differ from known designs, a similar purpose.

The claimed method is implemented as follows.

During the launch of a plasma reactor in plasmatron 18 serves a plasma-forming gas (carbon dioxide) and include it in the work that ensures the formation of a plasma filament 21 in the gap between the edges 22 pouring shelves 7 boot channel 3.

During the launch of a plasma reactor in it serves only dispersed coal, for which coal source of coal 15 direct band the supply of coal 29 directly in the channel 8 and later in the boot channel 3.

Thus, on the top of pouring shelves 7 comes dispersed coal, which from one shelf to another moves down the boot channel 3 and crossing the gap between the edges 22 pouring shelves 7 gets under action of the plasma column, 21 (or cords) existing at the named gap. This leads to inflammation of the volume of dispersed coal and warm boot channel and reactor cavity.

Generated gases-products of burning dispersed coal selected through the first 23 and the second 24 gas-escape channels, then transferred to gas-separating unit 25 of them are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide (other gases released into the atmosphere. Thus, carbon oxide serves on the second reactor 26, and carbon dioxide accumulates in the source of the plasma gas 6.

After warming up the boot channel to a temperature of 1,000 degrees -1200°With an additional channel for coal 29 block, reactor cavity and the boot channel 3 is filled with carbon dioxide, which is known serves from the source of the plasma gas 6, seeking the eviction of all other gases.

Next, from the source of raw mix 4, the boot channel 3 channel 8 serves dry raw material mixture containing in the estimated amount of chemical compounds dispersed coal and limestone), providing at their melting of receipt of calcium carbide (communication connecting the source of the raw mix 4 and the boot channel 3 are known).

Thus, on the top of pouring shelves 7 (heated as the rest of the nodes boot channel 3, to a temperature of 1,000 degrees -1200 OC) enters the mix of dispersed limestone and coal, which from one shelf to another moves down the boot channel 3. With relatively slow (compared with a vertical drop) moving particles of the charge are their contact heating from the details of the boot channel 3. This leads to the heating of the charge to a temperature of dissociation of carbonates and ensures conversion of particles of limestone SASO 3 particles in the lime (Cao), in accordance with the formula:

CaCO3 =CaO+CO2 .

Thus further involved mixture containing particles of lime and coal particles.

Thus, the impact on the particles of this charge plasma filaments 21 (generated work 18)virtually all of crossing a stream of particles charge provides a fusion of the material and synthesis of calcium carbide (temperature of the melt reaches 1700-1900 C and higher). Synthesis of calcium carbide is in accordance with the formula:

Melt into the bottom of the reactor gradually accumulating the process of fusion is with great speed, because in this case there are already exothermic reactions.

When lifting the melt level above the level of the bottom coil 11 voltage is applied to its winding. The walls of the chamber of a plasma reactor run from nonmagnetic material, e.g. steel, containing a large number of Nickel, chromium and titanium. Formed in the result of passing a current through the coil electromagnetic field effects on the melt, which is in a liquid state becomes . Inductive current keeps the temperature at the achieved (due to the effect of plasma) level.

When lifting melt above the top of electromagnetic coil 10 voltage is applied to the latter. This provides induction warming up the remaining volume of the melt in the chamber of a plasma reactor.

When oscillatory movements coil 10 changes its position, and the magnetic field generated inside the conductive melt, which actively stirred and optional heated. As a result of mixing of the melt by a rotating magnetic field created by the three-phase coil and the vibrational motion of the coil homogenization of melt that actively helps to increase productivity of the plant and improve the quality of basic products, melt calcium carbide. Stirring speed sets the speed of change of the magnetic field and depends on the frequency and AC power and speed of mechanical vibrations of the coil, which in turn depends on the speed of rotation of the turntable 13. The mixing rate is adjusted depending on the viscosity of the melt, and the last on its temperature. Having the data on the temperature of the melt, ask and vibration velocity coil 10 (speed of rotation of the turntable 13).

Dioxide and carbon monoxide, allocated as a result of the decomposition of carbonate raw materials mixture, go under the action of vacuum generated in the exhaust channels located at the top of the plasma reactor (above the maximum level of melt), where it may be used for obtaining of dry ice or again entered into a reactor through the electrodes. Melt calcium carbide periodically or continuously (if endorsed by typing in the reactor) is poured out through the exhaust pipe 12 in the refrigerator or granulator, which disposed of heat melt (not shown).

To reduce the viscosity of the melt calcium carbide at the time of periodic discharge, lower the coil must be mobile on the height of the reactor vessel to move into the zone of discharge port.

Cooled calcium carbide known crushed to obtain the certified material.

At the reactor outlet on the operating mode, there is an excess of carbon dioxide compared with the quantity necessary for use in technological process of synthesis of calcium carbide. The excess dioxide and carbon oxide is served in the second reactor 26, where is used for synthesis of carbon dioxide.

Method of production of calcium carbide, including thermal processing of crushed limestone and coal with allotment of gaseous products, which are used for the production of carbon dioxide, wherein the use of fine-dispersed mixture of raw materials, and thermal processing of a mixture of lead in a reactor, and the first step in the process of entering raw materials in the reactor it is subjected to heat preferably to 1000-1200°by heating the raw materials supply heat transfer from the structural elements of the boot channel of the reactor, for which the fine-dispersed raw materials are moved by gravity, and the impact on he plasma beam formed by plasma torch in the area of free movement of particles of raw mass, thermal processing of raw materials is carried out in the atmosphere of carbon dioxide, which is fed into the channel with the subsequent synthesis of calcium carbide, carried out at a temperature of at least 1700-1800°by induction heating of the reaction mass, and the resulting melt calcium carbide is withdrawn through a vent hole at the bottom of the reactor, from the top of the reactor cavity assign gaseous products, of which there are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and the at least part of the exhaust of carbon dioxide are used for filling up the boot channel, and for the production of carbon dioxide is used, the volume of carbon dioxide, remaining after filling the boot channel, and the entire amount allocated carbon monoxide.