Reducing method of metals from oxides. RU patent 2476035.
 Electromagnet process reactor / 2432719Electromagnet process reactor comprises a reaction chamber, having a bottom, side walls and a cover, devices for input of processed materials and output of products after processing, rod electrodes arranged at identical distance from the longitudinal axis, an electromagnet in the form of a closed yoke covering the reaction chamber with three symmetrical pole tips, where there are series windings with the possibility to develop a transverse magnetic field and with current passing through them. Additionally installed rod electrode is arranged in the chamber centre with the possibility of its displacement - lifting and lowering, and rod electrodes of the reactor installed at the angle of 5-7° relative to the longitudinal axis of the reaction chamber, which provide for adjustment of notch heating temperature and melt flow leaking from the notch. |
 Method and device for obtaining compact ingots from powder materials / 2406276Method and device for obtaining compact ingots from powder materials, which involves heating of powders of zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, thorium, titanium, beryllium and alloys on their basis in plasma discharge of hollow hot cathode to the temperature of their ductility or fusion with further obtaining of compact ingot of electron-beam quality. Device consists of vacuum chamber (1) in upper part of which there is water-cooled plasmotron (2) with hollow tantalum cathode fixed on it by means of thread. Inert gas supply method provides separate supply of inert gases in three circuits; at that, as carrier gas there used is argon which is supplied together with freely flowing powder through water-cooled tube (3), and as stabilising gas there used is vortex helium flow which is supplied between tube (3) and external cathode. |
 Method of automatic control of plasmatron operation mode and device for its implementation / 2389055Method describes sequence of actions aimed at control of plasmatron operation mode and its energy characteristics. Device for automatic control of plasmatron operation mode includes controller of arch current, unit of arch excitation, gas-water panel and device control panel. |
 Electric arc plasmatron / 2387107Proposed electric arc plasmatron includes hollow cylindrical housing, in which there coaxially installed is hollow cylindrical current lead, hollow cylindrical blind electrode, gas swirler, and outlet nozzle. According to invention, blind edge of hollow electrode is isolated from current lead; at that, electric current is supplied to open edge of electrode through contact surface. In addition, between current lead and external surface of hollow electrode there installed is separator so that cooling liquid is supplied to open edge of hollow electrode, and cooling liquid is discharged to blind edge of electrode. |
 Transformer plasma generator with dielectric discharge chamber / 2379860Invention relates to plasma devices, namely to transformer low-temperature plasma generators and can be used in chemistry of plasma and metallurgy, as well as in lasers. Transformer plasma generator comprises water-cooled discharge chamber 2 with gas inlet 1 and plasma jet outlet 7, and at least one magnetic core 5 with primary windings 4. Gas inlet 1 has flow swirlers 3. Plasma jet outlets 7 are arranged on opposite ends of chamber 2. One of magnetic cores, apart from the main cores, incorporates plasma ignition extra windings. Discharge chamber 2 made from dielectric material comprises at least one buffer gas inlet 6 and at least one plasma jet outlet. |
 Analytical gas plasmatron head / 2366119Invention concerns instrument engineering, namely analytical instrumentation for spectral analysis and can be used in atomisers and atomic exciters for analysed samples. An analytical gas plasmatron head comprises a body with a nozzle and a power electrode coaxial therewith, a cooling system for the nozzle and power electrode, and an orifice gas feeder to an interelectrode chamber formed by the power electrode and the body with a nozzle. The nozzle and the power electrode represent axially symmetric equidistant thin-walled envelopes made of the material characterised by high electrical and thermal conduction. The walls thereof compose a part of flow passage of the cooling system. |
 Method of arc discharge creation in plasmatron / 2355135Invention concerns electric equipment and is intended for arc discharge creation in plasmatron. Method of arc discharge creation in plasmatron involves distributed supply of work body (gas) along the length of separate tubular inserts (neutrodes) with axial and tangential speed component and specified flow rates, excitation of auxiliary discharge, and work arc ignition. According to the method, idling voltage (Ui) of electric power source is specified, optimum quantity of neutrodes depending on idling voltage is set, length of first neutrode upstream of the gas flow within laminar arc section length is defined, and threshold value of idling voltage to neutrode radius is calculated. Each next neutrode length is 1.3-2.2 times shorter than previous one. At Ui up to 600 V threshold value is (70-80)·10-3 V/m, at Ui up to 1500 V - (100-115)·10-3 V/m, at Ui up to 5000 V - (200-220)·10-3 V/m. Neutrode radius for specified idling voltage is defined by obtained threshold values. After launching operational supply of gas and arc current plasmatron is launched. At idling voltage up to 600 V it is reasonable to form plasmatron with one neutrode, at up to 1500 V - with two neutrodes, at up to 5000 V - with four neutrodes. |
 Two-jet arc plasmatron for atomic emission spectral analysis / 2298889Two-jet arc plasmatron for atomic emission spectral analysis includes anode and cathode units, each one of which contains body with nozzle, force electrode with high melting point insert, positioned coaxially with nozzle, and device for feeding plasma-generating gas into inter-electrode chamber, created by force electrode and body with nozzle. Force electrode is made with through axial aperture and on one side is provided with connecting pipe for feeding plasma-generating gas, and on other side - with high melting point insert, while axial aperture is connected to inter-electrode chamber by one or several channels, circling the high melting point insert. |
 / 2270536 |
 Microwave plasmatron / 2251824Proposed microwave plasmatron has flash chamber whose inner conductive surface bears one or more annual radial slots that can be made in the form of short-circuited lengths of coaxial line with conducting walls, their depth being equal to quarter-wavelength of generator electromagnetic oscillations. |
| Procedure for depletion of solid copper-zinc slag / 2398031 Invention refers to procedure for depletion of solid copper-zinc slag. The procedure consists in supply of charge containing solid copper-zinc slag and carbonic reducer at weight ratio of slag to solid carbonic reducer 1: (0.06-0.1) into heated furnace. Also charge in the heated furnace is blasted with oxygen containing oxidant by means of upper not-immersed blast; consumption of oxygen-containing oxidant is determined by contents of oxygen in it from condition of 60-110 kg per ton of slag. Further there is produced a rich with copper phase and zinc is transferred into a gas phase. |
 Method of processing of iron-titanium concentrate / 2385962Method includes formation of charge consisting of concentrate and sodium carbonate by means of intergrinding of components and reduction of charge components at presence of taken with excess carbonaceous reducing material at temperature 850-1300°C. Additionally batch material reduction is implemented up to providing of content of metallic iron in the range of particles dimensions 10-300 mcm not less than 80%. Received partly reduced conservative mass, consisting of metalise phase containing main part of iron and vanadium and oxide phase, containing main part of titanium and vanadium, it is grinned up to size not more than 300 mcm. Then it is implemented leaching of vanadium from reaction mass and leaching residue is separated from vanadate solution. After separation residue of leaching is subject to gravitational separation in water flow with separation of metalised and oxide phases. Metalised and oxide phases are separately subject to wet magnetic separation for receiving of metallic iron and titanium oxide concentrate. Additionally wet magnetic separation is implemented in the range of field intensity 20-300 E. |
 Reduction method of metal and oxygen compositions / 2360982At reduction of metal and oxygen composition effect as reducer, herewith at first stage gaseous CO is passed into reaction chamber, containing specified composition of metal and oxygen. In conditions, providing conversion of CO into solid carbon and carbon dioxide, formed solid carbon is introduced into metal and oxygen composition. At the second stage solid carbon, which is introduced into metal and oxygen composition at the first stage, reduces metal and oxygen composition. Additionally at the second stage it is, at least, the first material- promoter, conducive reduction of specified metal and oxygen composition. Additionally the first material- promoter contains the first metal- promoter and/or composition of the first metal- promoter. |
| Method of tin manufacturing from cassiterite concentrate / 2333268 Invention concerns tin metallurgy field and can be used for tin manufacturing while treatment of cassiterite concentrates. Method of tin manufacturing from cassiterite concentrate with content of 35-50% SnO2 includes batch preparation by blending of tin concentrate with coal and flux additive. In the capacity of flux additive it is used sodium carbonate and sodium nitrate. Melting is implemented at temperature 850-1000°C during 2 hours. For mentioned concentrate it is kept up following mass ratio: concentrate : coal : sodium carbonate : sodium nitrate, equal to 1 : (0.2-0.25) : (0.12-0.15) : (0.06-0.08). It allows without concentrate pretreatment to provide tin manufacturing of 98% purity at less in comparison with tradition approach, temperature. |
 Method of reduction of metal oxides / 2317342Charge in form of mixture of oxides and reductant is fed to heated furnace and is mixed in way of temperature rise at passage of gas mixture through charge in way of temperature rise. Size of particles of oxides does not exceed 2-4 mm. Used as reductant are hydrocarbons and/or oxygen derivatives of hydrocarbons and/or their polymers. Reduction process is completed within range of temperatures of forming final product at preset phase state. |
 Method of production of cleaned coal for metallurgical processes and method of production of reduced metal and slag containing oxidized non-ferrous metal with the use of this coal / 2302450Proposed method is based on use of cleaned coal for production of high-quality reduced metal. Coal is first kept in organic solvent simultaneously with heating, thus obtaining cleaned coal suitable for metallurgy which possesses higher thermoplasticity as compared with starting coal. Then, mixture of cleaned coal and starting material is subjected to agglomeration in agglomerator and agglomerate thus obtained is reduced at heating in furnace provided with movable hearth; then, it is molten by further heating, thus obtaining reduced melt which is cooled and hardened in furnace provided with movable hearth, thus obtaining solid material, after which reduced solid material is withdrawn from furnace. Then, slag is removed with the use of screen and reduced metal is extracted. |
| Method of production of cleaned coal for metallurgical processes and method of production of reduced metal and slag containing oxidized non-ferrous metal with the use of this coal / 2302450 Proposed method is based on use of cleaned coal for production of high-quality reduced metal. Coal is first kept in organic solvent simultaneously with heating, thus obtaining cleaned coal suitable for metallurgy which possesses higher thermoplasticity as compared with starting coal. Then, mixture of cleaned coal and starting material is subjected to agglomeration in agglomerator and agglomerate thus obtained is reduced at heating in furnace provided with movable hearth; then, it is molten by further heating, thus obtaining reduced melt which is cooled and hardened in furnace provided with movable hearth, thus obtaining solid material, after which reduced solid material is withdrawn from furnace. Then, slag is removed with the use of screen and reduced metal is extracted. |
| Method of reduction of metal oxides / 2317342 Charge in form of mixture of oxides and reductant is fed to heated furnace and is mixed in way of temperature rise at passage of gas mixture through charge in way of temperature rise. Size of particles of oxides does not exceed 2-4 mm. Used as reductant are hydrocarbons and/or oxygen derivatives of hydrocarbons and/or their polymers. Reduction process is completed within range of temperatures of forming final product at preset phase state. |
| Method of tin manufacturing from cassiterite concentrate / 2333268 Invention concerns tin metallurgy field and can be used for tin manufacturing while treatment of cassiterite concentrates. Method of tin manufacturing from cassiterite concentrate with content of 35-50% SnO2 includes batch preparation by blending of tin concentrate with coal and flux additive. In the capacity of flux additive it is used sodium carbonate and sodium nitrate. Melting is implemented at temperature 850-1000°C during 2 hours. For mentioned concentrate it is kept up following mass ratio: concentrate : coal : sodium carbonate : sodium nitrate, equal to 1 : (0.2-0.25) : (0.12-0.15) : (0.06-0.08). It allows without concentrate pretreatment to provide tin manufacturing of 98% purity at less in comparison with tradition approach, temperature. |
| Reduction method of metal and oxygen compositions / 2360982 At reduction of metal and oxygen composition effect as reducer, herewith at first stage gaseous CO is passed into reaction chamber, containing specified composition of metal and oxygen. In conditions, providing conversion of CO into solid carbon and carbon dioxide, formed solid carbon is introduced into metal and oxygen composition. At the second stage solid carbon, which is introduced into metal and oxygen composition at the first stage, reduces metal and oxygen composition. Additionally at the second stage it is, at least, the first material- promoter, conducive reduction of specified metal and oxygen composition. Additionally the first material- promoter contains the first metal- promoter and/or composition of the first metal- promoter. |
| Method of processing of iron-titanium concentrate / 2385962 Method includes formation of charge consisting of concentrate and sodium carbonate by means of intergrinding of components and reduction of charge components at presence of taken with excess carbonaceous reducing material at temperature 850-1300°C. Additionally batch material reduction is implemented up to providing of content of metallic iron in the range of particles dimensions 10-300 mcm not less than 80%. Received partly reduced conservative mass, consisting of metalise phase containing main part of iron and vanadium and oxide phase, containing main part of titanium and vanadium, it is grinned up to size not more than 300 mcm. Then it is implemented leaching of vanadium from reaction mass and leaching residue is separated from vanadate solution. After separation residue of leaching is subject to gravitational separation in water flow with separation of metalised and oxide phases. Metalised and oxide phases are separately subject to wet magnetic separation for receiving of metallic iron and titanium oxide concentrate. Additionally wet magnetic separation is implemented in the range of field intensity 20-300 E. |
FIELD: metallurgy.
SUBSTANCE: reducing method of metals from oxides refers to reducing technologies of metals from non-organic oxides, at which preparation of homogeneous mixture is performed from ultradisperse powders of metal oxide and carbon, supply of prepared mixture under pressure to high-temperature zone in the well, which is formed with plasmatron jet, decomposition of metal oxide with formation of carbon dioxide that is removed through upper tuyeres of the well, and finished product is removed in the form of ultradisperse metal powder through tap holes in lower part of the well.
EFFECT: method allows reducing power consumption at reduction of metals from oxides and ensures the reduction of content of impurities in finished product at direct extraction of metals from oxides during continuous process.
The invention refers to the technology of recovery of metals from inorganic oxides.
For recovery, you must destroy the energy of intramolecular bonds. Quantitatively such linkages are well studied and are reference values [1]. In practice, the most widespread technology of restoration is the carbon, when released in the oxidation of carbon energy (395 kJ/mol) destroys the intramolecular communication in molecular particles in the zone of the «burning» of carbon. In particular, for the destruction of intramolecular bonds in magnetite (FeO·Fe 2 O 3 ) is required to spend energy in the amount 1117 kJ/mol.
To improve process performance applies lining the reaction of blast furnaces carbonaceous material [2], the combined blowing with fuel additives [3], flow through additional oxygen lances and natural gas [4], the gas generator, which is connected by channel with mine in the lower part of [5], the electric furnace with the use of hollow and solid carbon electrodes [6], plasmatron with electrodes made in the form located coaxially with a gap between them graphite tubes [7], melting iron oxides oxidizing plasma jet of oxygen with natural gas. Additionally, after slice plasmatron nozzle serves natural gas conversion in the formation of hydrogen and pyrolytic [8].
The closest analogy is the technology of plasma-chemical recovery of metals, described in work [9]. The installation includes a hopper with a metal oxide, a zone of high-temperature expansion of the raw material stream of plasma torch (reactor), precipitation camera and the filters supplied with the shaking device for unloading of the reduced metal powder. The disadvantage of this technology is the high energy intensity of the process, requiring constant work of torch, and plasma-forming stream should be restorative, such as hydrogen.
The objective of the invention is to reduce energy consumption by recovering metals from oxides.
The technical result of the invention is the possibility of the recovery of metals from oxides using cheap oxidant - fine coal powder mixed in the necessary stoichiometric ratio with powder metal oxide.
The technical result is achieved by the fact that the mixture is prepared in the form of a homogeneous mixture of ultradispersed powders of metal-oxide carbon and is served in the high-temperature zone the melt (decomposition) oxide. Dismissed from the oxide oxygen is bound to carbon, and the resulting carbon dioxide is displayed then from the process through the filter. «Lights on» the process of plasma torch, metal oxide decomposes and released oxygen oxidizes carbon (finely dispersed carbon powder) and in the future the necessary temperature is maintained allocated to heat (4900 kJ/kg).
The essence of the invention is illustrated in the figure, where 1 - capacity, which contains a homogeneous mixture of ultradisperse powders of oxide and carbon necessary for the given oxide stoichiometric ratio, 2 - plasma torch, initiating high-temperature zone in channel 3. For this channel capacity is 4 with filter 5 and nozzle 6. Metal powder is excreted through the channel 7.
The technology is realized in the following way.
Under the action of vacuum created nozzle 6, mixture
finely dispersed powders of oxide metal and coal enters the channel 3, plasmatron 2 «lights» oxide in the future temperature in the channel supported by the oxidation of carbon. Carbon dioxide through the filter of 5 is deduced from the process, and the metal powder accumulates in the bunker 4, and presented through the channel 7.
Sources of information
1. Constants of inorganic substances: a Handbook / .., .., ... - M: great bustard, 2008
2. RU №2133291, publ. 20.07.1999.
3. RU №2086657, publ. 10.08.1997.
4. US №5100313, publ. 31.03.1992.
5. RU №2095710, publ. 10.11.1997.
6. RU №2121518, publ. 10.11.1998.
7. RU №1387423, publ. 10.03.1997.
8. RU №2371490, publ. 27.10.2009.
9. RU №2238824, publ. 27.10.2004 (Prototype).
The method of recovery of metals from oxides, including the preparation of a homogeneous mixture of ultra-fine powder of metal oxide and finely powdered coal supply blend prepared under the pressure of the high-temperature zone, which is generated by a jet of plasma torch nozzle is built at an angle into the channel, adjacent to the mine, subsequent decay of metal-oxide formation of melt of metal oxide and carbon dioxide, which is served in the upper part of the mentioned mines and deduce from it through tuyeres for release of gas, and the finished product in the form of reduced metal out through the notch in the lower part of the shaft.