Method of thermal treatment of abrasive tool (at) |
|
|
IPC classes for russian patent Method of thermal treatment of abrasive tool (at) (RU 2467100):
 Method of diamond processing / 2451774
Invention relates to diamond processing, in particular, by thermochemical process. Proposed method comprises applying layer of spirit glue composition onto diamond surface, said composition containing transition metal, for example, Fe, Ni or Co, and processing diamond thermally at temperature not exceeding 1000°C. To prepare spirit glue composition, powder of water-soluble salt of transition metal is used. Said powder in amount of 1-10 wt % of water solution is mixed with spirit solution of glue at salt water solution-to-glue spirit solution ratio of 1:1. Prepared mix is applied on diamond surface in 10-20 mcm-thick layer to be dried. Thermal processing of diamond is performed in two steps. Note here that, at first step, diamond is processed at 600-700°C for 1-2 min, while, at second step, it is processed at 800-1000°C for 15-30 min.
Method of producing fluoride nanoceramic / 2436877
Method involves thermomechanical processing of initial crystalline material made from metal halides at plastic deformation temperature, obtaining a polycrystalline microstructured substance characterised by crystal grain size of 3-100 mcm and intra-grain nanostructure, where thermomechanical processing of the initial crystalline material is carried out in vacuum of 10-4 mm Hg, thus achieving degree of deformation of the initial crystalline material by a value ranging from 150 to 1000%, which results in obtaining polycrystalline nanostructured material which is packed at pressure 1-3 tf/cm2 until achieving theoretical density, followed by annealing in an active medium of a fluorinating gas. The problem of obtaining material of high optical quality for a wide range of compounds: fluoride ceramic based on fluorides of alkali, alkali-earth and rare-earth elements, characterised by a nanostructure, is solved owing to optimum selection of process parameters for producing a nanoceramic, which involves thermal treatment of the product under conditions which enable to increase purity of the medium and, as a result, achieve high optical parameters for laser material.
 Procedure for surface of diamond grains roughing / 2429195
Procedure for surface of diamond grains roughing consists in mixing diamond grains with metal powder and in heating obtained mixture to temperature of 800-1100°C in vacuum as high, as 10-2-10-4 mm. As metal powders there are taken powders of iron, nickel, cobalt, manganese, chromium, their alloys or mixtures. Powders not inter-reacting with diamond grains at heating can be added to the mixture.
Method of annealing crystals of group iia metal fluorides / 2421552
Method involves subjecting a grown and hardened, i.e. correctly annealed crystal, to secondary annealing which is performed by putting the crystal into a graphite mould, the inner volume of which is larger than the crystal on diameter and height, and the space formed between the inner surface of the graphite mould and the surface of the crystal is filled with prepared crumbs of the same material as the crystal. The graphite mould is put into an annealing apparatus which is evacuated to pressure not higher than 5·10-6 mm Hg and CF4 gas is then fed into its working space until achieving pressure of 600-780 mm Hg. The annealing apparatus is then heated in phases while regulating temperature rise in the range from room temperature to 600°C, preferably at a rate of 10-20°C/h, from 600 to 900°C preferably at a rate of 5-15°C/h, in the range from 900 to 1200°C preferably at a rate of 15-30°C/h, and then raised at a rate of 30-40°C/h to maximum annealing temperature depending on the specific type of the metal fluoride crystal which is kept 50-300°C lower than the melting point of the material when growing a specific crystal, after which the crystal is kept for 15-30 hours while slowly cooling to 100°C via step-by-step regulation of temperature decrease, followed by inertial cooling to room temperature.
 Method of thermal treatment of single-crystal substrate znte and single-crystal substrate znte / 2411311
Method includes the first stage of increasing temperature of single-crystal substrate ZnTe up to the first temperature of thermal treatment T1 and maintenance of substrate temperature within specified time; and the second stage of gradual reduction of substrate temperature from the first temperature of thermal treatment T1 down to the second temperature of thermal treatment T2, lower than T1 with specified speed, in which T1 is established in the range of 700°C≤T1≤1250°C, T2 - in the range of T2≤T1-50, and the first and second stages are carried out in atmosphere of Zn, at the pressure of at least 1 kPa or more, at least 20 cycles or at least 108 hours.
 Method of growing heat resistant monocrystals / 2404298
Crystals are grown using the Kyropoulos method with an optimum annealing mode, carried out while lowering temperature of the grown monocrystal to 1200°C at a rate of 10-15°C/hour and then cooling to room temperature at a rate of 60°C/hour.
Method of producing monocrystals of calcium and barium flourides / 2400573
Method involves crystallisation from molten mass through Stockbarger method and subsequently annealing the crystals through continuous movement of the crucible with molten mass from the upper crystallisation zone to the lower annealing zone while independently controlling temperature of both zones which are separated by a diaphragm. The crucible containing molten mass moves from the crystallisation zone to the annealing zone at 0.5-5 mm/h. Temperature difference between the zones is increased by changing temperature in the annealing zone proportional to the time in which the crucible moves from the beginning of crystallisation to its end, for which, while maintaining temperature in the upper crystallisation zone preferably at 1450-1550°C, in the lower annealing zone at the beginning of the crystallisation process temperature is kept at 1100-1300°C for 30-70 hours, thereby ensuring temperature difference of 450°C between the zones at the beginning. Temperature of the annealing zone is then lowered to 500-600°C in proportion to the speed of the crucible with the growing crystal. Temperature of the annealing zone is then raised again to 1100-1300°C at a rate of 20-50°C/h, kept for 18-30 hours after which the zone is cooled to 950-900°C at a rate of 2-4°C/h, and then at a rate of 5-8°C/h to 300°C. Cooling to room temperature is done inertially. Output of suitable monocrystals of calcium and barium fluorides with orientation on axes <111> and <001>, having high quality of transparency, uniformity, refraction index and double refraction is not less than 50%.
 Superstrong single crystals of cvd-diamond and their three-dimensional growth / 2389833
Method includes placement of crystalline diamond nucleus in heat-absorbing holder made of substance having high melt temperature and high heat conductivity, in order to minimise temperature gradients in direction from edge to edge of diamond growth surface, control of diamond growth surface temperature so that temperature of growing diamond crystals is in the range of approximately 1050-1200°C, growing of diamond single crystal with the help of chemical deposition induced by microwave plasma from gas phase onto surface of diamond growth in deposition chamber, in which atmosphere is characterised by ratio of nitrogen to methane of approximately 4% N2/CH4 and annealing of diamond single crystal so that annealed single crystal of diamond has strength of at least 30 MPa m1/2.
 Ceramic laser microstructured material with twinned nanostructure and method of making it / 2358045
Proposed laser material is a ceramic polycrystalline microstructure substance with particle size of 3-100 mcm, containing a twinned nanostructure inside the particles with size of 50-300 nm, made from halides of alkali, alkali-earth and rare-earth metals or their solid solutions, with vacancy or impurity laser-active centres with concentration of 1015-1021 cm-3. The method involves thermomechanical processing a monocrystal, made from halides of metals, and cooling. Thermomechanical processing is done until attaining 55-90% degree of deformation of the monocrystal at flow temperature of the chosen monocrystal, obtaining a ceramic polycrystalline microstructure substance, characterised by particle size of 3-100 mcm and containing a twinned nanostructure inside the particles with size of 50-300 nm.
Method for thermal processing of semi-finished abrasive tools on organic thermosetting binding agents / 2351696
Invention is related to the field of abrasive processing and may be used in production of abrasive tools for polishing of blanks from different metals and alloys. Full cycle of thermal processing of semi-finished abrasive tools on organic thermosetting binding agents includes stages of preliminary heating and hardening in microwave field of SHF- chamber with frequency of 2450 MHz for abrasive tool with thickness of up to 100 mm and with frequency of 890 - 915 MHz for abrasive tool with thickness of more than 100 mm. Prior to SHF-thermal processing semi-finished abrasive tools are placed into radio transparent steam-and-gas permeable container-thermostat. After temperature of thermosetting binding agent complete polymerization has been achieved, and after pause at this temperature, thermostat is withdrawn from SHF-chamber, and semi-finished abrasive tools are kept in thermostat until their temperature drops at least by 80°C. After that thermostat is opened, semi-finished products are cooled in open air and then withdrawn from thermostat.
 Method of making diamond tool and grinding mill thus made / 2466009
Invention relates to machine building and may be used in fabricating diamond or borazon tool, particularly, grinding mill for machining nonmetallic parts, for example, concrete, natural stone, without coolant. Metal moulding tool is used to make tool body to secure diamond bearing segments sintered on metal binder thereto. Moulding tool with inner cavity following the tool shape and recessed cells is used. Diamond-bearing segments are arranged in the latter so that their idle sections extend inside said cavity and immerse into melt on filling the tool and clamping by filling material after cooling. Said filling material represents metal with fusion point lower than sintering temperature of diamond-bearing segments while their thermal expansion factor exceeds that of said segments.
Method of making abrasive tool based on organic thermoplastic binder / 2460631
Sand blend components including filling agent are metered out and mixed to mould abrasive tool half-stuff to be extracted therefrom and dried in air. Then, complete cycle of thermal treatment comprises preheating of said half-stuff and its curing in microwave chamber to temperature of complete organic thermosetting binder polymerisation. Then, cured half-stuff is held at said temperature and machined. Filling agent represents nano-sized fuller's soot introduced into sand blend before mixing.
 Abrasive tool / 2460630
Proposed tool comprises, at least, bearing structure with abrasive material. The latter comprises flexible case without abrasive material and, at least, elastic grate jointed with flexible case to extend therefrom and made from electrically conducting material. Abrasive material is attached to said grate by means of galvanic bath.
Method of making abrasive tool from superhard materials / 2457935
Invention relates to abrasion and may be used in production of abrasive tool from diamond and boron nitride on metal binder. Particles of superhard materials and composite solder are applied on substrate surface. Said solder includes fusible matrix, refractory filler, and binder. Fusible matrix represents powders of Ag, Sn, Al or allows containing said metals. Substrate with said applied particles and solder are annealed in protective atmosphere or in vacuum at temperature of mutual diffusion of fusible matrix and refractory filler components to produce structural components with fusion temperature exceeding that of annealing. Fusible matrix components doe not, in fact, evaporate in annealing.
 Method of making abrasive tool work surface / 2457934
Invention relates to production of universal finish grinding tool. In compliance with proposed method, female die is shaped to profile, on tool work side, inversed relative to tool work part profile. Rheological fluid is poured into female die to produce tool profile to induce force field directed toward tool work part. Then, granules of abrasive powder are fed in said direction to tool work zone and tool sizes are corrected by varying volume of said rheological fluid. Now, magnetic field is induced in rheological fluid, around female die, to hold tool therein unless complete hardening and, without removing magnetic field, to withdraw tool from female die.
 Method of producing titanium disk with titanium carbine coating / 2454311
Invention relates to electric arc deposition of coats and may be used in machine building in production of wear-resistant cutting tools. Proposed method consists in placing titanium disk secured on current conducting mandrel and graphite electrode into tank filled with distilled water, feeding electric current and rotating titanium disk at constant rpm. Note here that clearance between said disk and said electrode is kept sufficient to ignite electric arc and produce uniform coat on titanium carbide disk cylindrical surface by plasma-chemical reaction of titanium and graphite evaporation.
 Abrasive coating and method of its production / 2450908
Invention relates to machine building and may be used for producing abrasive article. Abrasive article comprises structured abrasive coating made on article outer surface. Abrasive grains and adhesive substance are used to form preset solid structure on said outer surface. Said structure is produced with the help of computer program. Said program serves to arranged said grains arbitrarily on said outer surface. Casting mould is used to transfer produced structure on abrasive article top surface and device to fabricate said mould.
 Method of producing flexible abrasive disk and flexible abrasive disk / 2431559
Invention relates to abrasive processing and may be used in production of flexible abrasive disk. The latter comprises substrate with top and bottom sides. Tope side is coated by abrasive agent that makes surface layer. To produce particular patter surface layer, coats are applied in turns. Abrasive agent coat on top side is embossed by structured embossing die driven by embossing pistons. Abrasive agent coat is hardened to remove die from finished abrasive disk.
 Flexible abrasive tool and method of fabricating abrasive powder / 2426635
Invention relates to grinding and may be used for production of abrasive tools. Abrasive tool comprises base and powder including crude green abrasive aggregates of spherical or toroidal shape. Aggregates are made up of composition comprising abrasive particles with size varying from 0.1 mcm to 50 mcm enclosed in binder including nanoparticles of smaller than 100 nm-size. Aggregates are formed in drying suspension by spraying. Said suspension comprises fluid carrier, abrasive particles and nano-sized binder that makes 50 to 75% of green aggregates in terms of dry weight.
Procedure for fabrication of cutting elements on base of powders of super-hard materials / 2425162
There are used powders of super-hard materials of at least two granularities. Also, porous base of the element is made of powders of super-hard materials of higher granularity. Porous base is placed in a bath with suspension containing powders of small granularity and these powders are settled in pores of porous base with electric current transmitted through suspension, where upon all grains of super-hard material are bound with binding.
Method of production of abrasive disks made on a vulcanite binder / 2243879
The invention presents a method of production of abrasive disks made on a vulcanite binder and is dealt with abrasive industry, in particular with methods of production of abrasive disks on vulcanite binder. From the rolled plates made out of a molding compound the ring-type billets are cut out. The ring-type billets are gathered in a package and put under pressure. At that before assembly in a package a liquid polymer active to the basic binder of a circle with thickness of 0.1-1 mm is applied onto on the butt contact surfaces of the ring-type billets. Use of the method allows eliminate a lamination in the circles in places of a docking of the ring-type billets.
|
FIELD: process engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of abrasive tools intended for machining metals and alloys. Proposed cycle of processing AT at TTB comprises heating AT at 2450 Hz in microwave chamber for near-100 mm-thick AT and at 890-915 Hz for over-100 mm-thick AT to complete polymerisation (hardening) and curing semis at said temperature with uniform forced removal of volatile matters released therefrom (hot vapor-gas mix) from thermostat free volume by airflow created by exhaust vent system of microwave chamber via slots made in thermostat front and rear walls to rule out saturation of said volatile matters. Temperature of processed semis is controlled by device incorporated with thermostat and airflow forced in thermostat is heated to temperature of semis. EFFECT: higher quality. 1 cl
The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to a technology for manufacturing abrasive tools (AI) for organic thermosetting binders (OTS) (bakelite, vulcanicola and others)intended for machining of various metals and alloys. This invention applies to all sizes of AI at UTS, made of any abrasive materials. A known method of manufacturing the AI at UTS, including the dispensing and mixing of the components forming the mixture (abrasive grains, phenol-formaldehyde resins and fillers), the formation of AI, removing it from the mold, air drying, heat treatment furnaces with convective heating, the subsequent machining and quality control (see Bakula NR. Fundamentals of design and manufacturing technology of abrasive and diamond tools. - M.: Mashinostroenie, 1975. - P.132-133). For reasons that impede the achievement of specified following technical result when using the known method of manufacturing the AI at UTS, is that such technology provides long-lasting and energy-intensive process of polymerization of the binder AI in furnaces, in which the coolant is air. The closest to the technical nature of the claimed invention is selected as a prototype method of manufacturing the abrasive effect of the instrument on an organic thermosetting bond (patent for invention №2349688, IPC SW 33/02 / Smekalin, Lvhuan, Nigedasu and other Publ. 20.03.09. Bull. No. 8), including the state of heating of a group of semi-AI in the microwave field frequency of 2450 MHz microwave (MW) camera for AI thickness up to 100 mm and a frequency of 890...915 MHz for the AU with a thickness over 100 mm to achieve complete polymerization temperature OTS stage and the subsequent exposure of the semi-finished products at this temperature. Both stage is carried out at a constant force the removal of the free volume of thermostat in the process of microwave heat released from the semi-volatiles (hot gas mixture) flow of air created by the exhaust ventilation system, which is equipped with microwave baggage: the air having a temperature industrial premises, enters thermostat through a slit made in its front wall, and volatile substances divert through slots made in the back wall, which eliminates the possibility of achieving volatile substances saturated at the maximum heat insulation effect of the working area of thermostat and temperature differential of semi-finished products inside thermostat, not more than ±10% from its average level. For reasons that impede the achievement of specified following technical result when using this method, is that in the process With The H-heat treatment of semi-finished products AI insulated radiotransparent thermostat is ventilated by air, the temperature which corresponds to the ambient temperature, much less the temperature of the heated semi-finished product, which leads to deterioration of the quality of the AI (warping, swelling and other). The technical result - improving the quality of the AI at UTS. This technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that, as in the known method of heat treatment of the AI at UTS, including the state of heating of a group of semi-AI in the microwave the microwave-camera frequency of 2450 MHz in the manufacture of AU with thickness up to 100 mm and a frequency of 890...915 MHz in the manufacture of AU with a thickness over 100 mm to achieve full temperature polymerization (curing) OTS stage and subsequent aging at this temperature by forced removal of the free volume of thermostat released from the semi-volatiles stream of air created by the exhaust ventilation system, which is equipped with microwave Luggage, through cracks made in the walls of thermostat, excludes the possibility of achieving volatile substances saturation state, the peculiarity lies in the fact that in the process of microwave heat treatment to control the temperature of the semi-finished products with the help of the device installed in thermostat, and depending on the current value of the temperature of the heat coming into thermostat of the air to the temperature of the floor is manufactures. The invention is a method of microwave treatment of AI at UTS. When implementing the proposed method of heat treatment of the AI on OTS carry out the heating of a group of semi-AI in the microwave the microwave-camera frequency of 2450 MHz in the manufacture of AU with thickness up to 100 mm and a frequency of 890...915 MHz in the manufacture of AU with a thickness over 100 mm to achieve full temperature polymerization (curing) OTS, followed by exposure of the semi-finished products at this temperature for uniform heating of the entire volume and complete polymerization of the ligament. The heat treatment is carried out at the destruction of the free volume of thermostat released from the semi-finished products in the process of microwave heat treatment of volatile substances by the airflow generated by the exhaust ventilation system, which is equipped with microwave Luggage. When this air enters thermostat through slots in its front wall, and volatiles removed from thermostat through slots in its rear wall, which eliminates the possibility of achieving volatile substances saturation state. In the process of microwave heat treatment to control the temperature of the semi-finished products with artificial thermocouples installed in thermostat, and depending on the current value of the temperature of heated air entering thermostat, by means of a heating element installed at the entrance to the Ter the mod, that leads to more uniform heating of the semi-finished products and improves the quality of the AI. The method of heat treatment of abrasive tools (AI) for organic thermosetting binders (OTS), including the state of heating of the semi-AI in the microwave the microwave-camera frequency of 2450 MHz for the AU thickness up to 100 mm and a frequency of 890...915 MHz in the manufacture of AU with a thickness over 100 mm to achieve full temperature polymerization (curing) OTS stage and the subsequent exposure of the semi-finished products at this temperature by forced removal of the free volume of thermostat during microwave thermal treatment at both stages released from the semi-volatiles stream of air created by the exhaust ventilation system, which is equipped with microwave Luggage, through the cracks made in the walls of thermostat, excludes the possibility of achieving volatile substances saturation state, characterized in that in the process of microwave heat treatment to control the temperature of the semi-finished products with the help of the device installed in thermostat, and depending on the current value of the temperature of the heat coming into thermostat of the air to a temperature of semi-finished products.
|