Device for irradiating minerals |
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IPC classes for russian patent Device for irradiating minerals (RU 2406170):
 Method for formation of gamma neutron radiation field in research reactors / 2404467
Radiation field with specified characteristics of radiation is formed by superposition of radiation fields generated by reactor and special device that converts neutrons into gamma photons. Converter devices are arranged outside sector of direct exposure of reactor radiation symmetrically to normal line passing from centre of reactor core to longitudinal axis of tested object, and reactor itself with converter devices is moved along tested object with permanent speed providing for homogeneity of field and reproduction of specified radiation parametres, at the same time length of movement route, depending on number of reverse reactor motions, is chosen as equal to (or multiple to) length of tested object.
 Powerful euv radiation source / 2383074
Invention can be used for generating extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation. The powerful EUV radiation source with two disc-shaped electrodes rigidly mounted on a rotating shaft has a system for initiating discharge in the peripheral area of an interelectrode gap and a device for transferring plasma-forming metal to one of the electrodes which is the initiating electrode made in form of a vessel with low-melting metal. The electrodes are connected through liquid-metal sliding contacts to the power supply which includes a pulsed charging unit and a capacitor unit. The vessel with low-melting metal is made in form of a ring channel which is coaxial with the electrodes, and the initiating electrode has a ring lug immersed in the ring channel. In the initiating electrode there are end-to-end channels with inputs facing the ring channel and adjacent to the base of the lug on its inner side, and the outputs are placed in front of the working area of the electrode. The diametre of the circle along which outputs of the channels are placed is less than the diametre of the working area of the initiating electrode, and the diametre of the inner surface of the lug is not greater than the diametre of the circle along which outputs of channels lie.
 Euv radiation source / 2373591
Invention can be used for producing extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation. The EUV radiation source, which has two disc-shaped electrodes rigidly mounted on a rotating shaft, where the said electrodes are connected through sliding contacts to a power supply, has a system for initiating discharge in the peripheral area of the inter-electrode space and a device for putting plasma-forming metal on one of the electrodes, which is the initiating electrode and is made in form of a vessel with low-melting metal. The vessel with low-melting metal is an circular cavity, made in the initiating electrode and with external diametre which is not larger than diametre of the working area of the initiating electrode, in which an insertion made from porous material is put concentric with the circular cavity such that, one of its ends is immersed in the low-melting metal, and the second end lies in front of the working area of the initiating electrode.
 Small-sized pulse source of penetrating radiation / 2338339
Small-sized pulse source of penetrating radiation is made on form of one or several modules. Each module contains capacitive accumulator, discharge chamber and system of switchboards start. Accumulator is connected to high-voltage source of power supply and to current-conducting line through high-current high-voltage switchboard. In discharge chamber discharge is formed of "plasma focus" type. Current-conducting line is made in the form of two parallel metal busbars. Busbars are directly connected to electrodes of discharge chamber. One of current-conducting line busbars is mechanically and electrically connected to busbar of zero potential, cathode of high-current high-voltage switchboard and anode of discharge chamber. Anode of switchboard is directly mechanically and electrically connected to leads of capacitive accumulator condensers. Condenser leads are connected to "plus" of high-voltage source of power supply. The second busbar is mechanically and electrically connected to the other leads of capacitive accumulator condensers and cathode of discharge chamber. Electric insulation is made in the form of multi-layer packet of dielectric gaskets and is installed between busbars of current-conducting line. Busbars of current-conducting line are galvanically connected to each other through throttle. Electric safety system introduced into pulse source of penetrating radiation is made of serially connected high-voltage relay and discharge resistor. They are connected between point of connection of capacitive accumulator condenser leads with plus of high-voltage source of power supply and zero potential busbar.
 Method and device for electron beam bombardment / 2333140
Method of one side curtain comprises the following stages, i.e. maintaining the first chamber (107) containing inlet hole (115) for curtain and outlet hole (121) for curtain, maintaining the second chamber (111) passing through the first chamber (107), the second chamber (111) containing inlet hole (114) for curtain, outlet hole (112) for curtain, electron escape surface to enable electrons to pass through to the second chamber (111), curtain passing of through the second chamber (111) and producting, gaseous fluid medium, both through the first and second chambers (107, 111) in direction opposite to curtain movement by supplying the aforesaid fluid medium to outlet hole (121) for curtain in the first chamber (107) and maintaining at least one outlet (113).
 Method of realizing of neutron-catch therapy of oncological diseases / 2313377
Method of realizing of neutron-catch therapy is based upon introduction of medicinal preparation into damaged organ or tissue of human body. Preparation has isotope with high cross-section of absorption of neutrons. Then damaged organ or tissue is irradiated by neutrons of nuclear reactor. Irradiation is performed with ultra-cold neutrons with energy of 10-7 eV and higher, which neutrons are released from cryogenic converter of neutrons of nuclear reactor and are delivered to damaged organ or tissue along vacuum neutron-guide, which neutron-guide has end part to be made in form of flexible catheter. Dosage loads are reduced.
 Two-coordinate micro-positioner / 2306621
Two-coordinate micro-positioner contains base, on which first motor is held for first coordinate, engaged by means of first lever and first flexible carrier to first moving carriage, while first lever is mounted on the base with usage of first flexible joint, and first moving carriage is mounted on the base by means of first flexible guides. On the first mobile carriage, second mobile carriage is positioned by means of second flexible guides. Second motor for second coordinate is present, with second lever, containing second flexible joint, and second flexible carrier. Second motor is held on base and engaged by second lever by means of second flexible carrier to second mobile carriage. Second lever is mounted on the base with usage of second flexible joint. Between the base and first and second flexible joints, inserts are positioned with temperature expansion coefficient different from temperature coefficients of the base, first and second mobile carriages, first and second lever, first and second flexible guides and motors. First and second position measuring strain sensors may be connected to first and second motors for first and second coordinates.
 Method for pre-irradiation preparation and irradiation and treatment-diagnostics table for use with the method / 2290234
Method for pre-irradiation preparation and irradiation includes positioning the patient on treatment-diagnostics table, inserting into cavity to be irradiated of hollow applicators with imitators of ionizing radiation sources, controlling position thereof relatively to target being irradiated with usage of x-ray television device, building of dosimetric plane and irradiation, while applicators inserted into cavity being irradiated are connected to treatment-diagnostics table, x-ray radiography is performed with output of image onto monitor of viewing station of x-ray television device, image via the interface is transported into planning system, dosimetric plane of irradiation is computed, which is then exported into system for controlling device and irradiation procedure is performed. Treatment-diagnostics table has frame, two supporting posts with overhung table top mounted on them, consisting of a pelvic-dorsal and two extending leg sections, connected to pelvic-dorsal section by means of twin joints. For connection of applicator table is provided with mounting pillar.
 Device for generating loading radiation field of objects during radiation resistance tests / 2284068
Proposed device is made in the form of truncated cone whose smaller base is oriented to object and has set of water-containing neutron moderator plates alternating with converter plates made of material absorbing thermal neutrons in radiation capture reaction. Diameters of cone larger and smaller bases are chosen so as to ensure shading of entire object under test and its middle part from direct rays of reactor, respectively. Cone height is chosen so as to ensure desired ratio of neutron attenuation in middle part of object.
 Device for irradiating lengthy flexible parts / 2272328
Proposed device that has electron accelerator with slit-type outlet window and castor-mounted modules is provided in addition with paired modules whose castors are of different diameters and are installed on axles of modules in increasing or decreasing order of their diameters, order of castors installation on axles within each pair of modules being similar; modules of each pair are disposed either side of outlet window against one another and their axes are parallel and are crossing plane of outlet window disposition, and also they cross or are intersected with axes of modules of one or more pairs. Where module castors are of different diameter, these diameters vary in arithmetical progression whose difference equals double pitch of their disposition on module axle multiplied by tan α, where α is angle between module axle carrying castors and plane of outlet window disposition.
Polarisation method of monocrystal of lithium tantalate / 2382837
Invention relates to industrial production of monocrystals, received from melt by Czochralski method, and can be used during polarisation of ferroelectrics with high temperature Curie, principally lithium tantalate. On monocrystal of lithium tantalate by means of grinding it is formed contact pad, surface of which is perpendicular to optical axis of crystal or at acute angle to it. Monocrystal is located between bottom segmental or laminar platinum electrode and implemented from wire of diametre 0.3-0.6 mm top circular platinum electrode through adjoining to its surfaces interlayers. In the capacity of material of interlayer it is used fine-dispersed (40-100 mcm) powder of crystalline solid solution LiNb1-xTaxO3, where 0.1≤x≤0.8, with bonding alcoholic addition in the form of 94-96% ethyl alcohol at mass ratio of alcohol and powder 1:2.5-3.5. Monocrystal is installed into annealing furnace, it is heated at a rate not more than 70°C/h up to temperature for 20-80°C higher than temperature Curie of monocrystal and through it is passed current by means of feeding on electrodes of polarising voltage. Then monocrystal is cooled in the mode current stabilisation at increasing of voltage rate 1.2-1.5 times up to temperature up to 90-110°C lower than temperature Curie, and following cooling is implemented in the mode of stabilisation of polarising voltage at reduction of current value through monocrystal. At reduction of current value 3.0-4.5 times of its stable value voltage feeding is stopped, after what monocrystal is cooled at a rate of natural cooling-down. Monocrystal cooling up to stop of feeding of polarising voltage is implemented at a rate 15-30°C/h.
 Method of producing mono-crystalline plates of arsenide-indium / 2344211
Invention refers to semi-conductor technology of AIIIBV type compositions. The method is implemented by means of bombarding mono-crystalline plates of arsenide-indium with fast neutrons with following heating, annealing and cooling. The mono-crystalline plates are subject to bombardment with various degree of compensation at density of flow not more, than 1012 cm-2 c-1 till fluence F=(0.5÷5.0)·1015 cm-2 , while annealing is carried out at 850÷900°C during 20 minutes at the rate of heating and cooling 10 deg/min and 5 deg/min correspondingly.
 Method of obtaining minerals and device for its realisation / 2341596
Method of obtaining minerals is realised in neutron reactor flow, minerals being placed in layers between layers of substance or mixture of substances, containing elements, absorbing thermal and resonance neutrons, layers being separated with aluminium interlayer and surrounded with filtering unit from substance or mixture of substances, containing elements, absorbing thermal and resonance neutrons, with cadmium screen, layer thickness and geometrical parameters of unit are calculated in such way that at the moment of exposure to radiation mineral temperature does not exceed 200°C, and "Фб.н./Фт.н." ≥10, where "Фб.н." is density of flow of fast neutrons with energy higher than 1MeV, "Фт.н." - density of thermal neutrons flow. Described is device for mineral irradiation, containing hermetical filtering unit, filled with substance or mixture of substances, containing elements, absorbing thermal and resonance neutrons, with axial hole, in which cadmium screen is placed and also placed is a case open from the bottom for partial filling with heat carrier, operation volume of case is filled with minerals, placed in layers between layers of substance or mixture of substances, containing elements, absorbing thermal and resonance neutrons, layers being separated with aluminium interlayer.
 Diamond working method / 2293148
Method comprises steps of acting upon crystal with electron beam whose integral flux is in range 5 x 1015 - 5 x 1018 electron/cm2; annealing crystal in temperature range 300 - 1900°C and acting with electron beam in condition of electric field having intensity more than 10 V/cm at least upon one local zone of crystal for imparting desired color tone to said zone. Local action of electron beams is realized through protection mask. As irradiation acts in condition of electric field local flaws such as bubbles or micro-inclusions are effectively broken.
Method of cleaning diamond / 2285070
Proposed method includes stage-by-stage treatment of diamond by mixture of acids under action of microwave radiation; at first stage, use is made of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide at volume ratio of components of 10:1, respectively; at second stage, volume ratio of mixture of concentrated nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid is 6:2:1, respectively; diamond is treated at temperature not higher than 210°C, pressure of 35 atm as set by loading ratio of autoclave equal to 1:10 at power of oven of microwave radiation of 1200 W; duration of each phase does not exceed 40 min. Proposed method ensures perfect cleaning of diamonds from contamination of mineral and organic nature including bitumen compounds on surface and in cracks of diamond.
Method for treating colored diamonds and brilliants for decolorizing them and releasing stresses / 2281350
Method is realized due to physically acting in closed reaction space upon samples of diamonds and brilliants by means of high pressure and temperature for time period sufficient for enhancing their quality. Pressure acting upon samples is in range 6 - 9 GPa in region of thermodynamic stability. Temperature during physical action upon samples is in range 1700 - 2300°C. Samples are subjected to physical action in medium of graphite powder filling reaction space. Heating till high temperature is realized due to applying AC to samples of diamond or brilliant through graphite powder at specific electric current power from 0.18 kWt/cm3 and more. Then electric power is gradually increased from zero till working value and further it is decreased and increased at least two times for some time interval at each change of electric power. Process of annealing samples is completed by smoothly lowering electric current power till zero. At physical action upon sample electric current intensity is lowered by 11 - 13 % and it is increased by 15 - 17 % for time interval from 8 min and more at each change of electric power. Sample is AC heated and it is cooled at rate no more than 0.05kWt/min per cubic centimeter of reaction volume of chamber.
 Method of shaping high-melting and chemically stable materials / 2252280
Method comprises etching the surface of articles made of high-melting chemically stable materials by applying the layer of an agent interacting the article material and heating the surface by laser pulse irradiating. The surface of the article is simultaneously affected by the laser pulses and vapors of a volatile composition, which is subjected to the pyrolytic decomposition to produce the above mentioned material. The amplitude of the laser pulse should be sufficient to cause the evaporation of the material.
The method of obtaining diamonds fancy red / 2237113
The invention relates to the field of processing (refining) of the diamond to give them a different color colouring and may find application in the jewelry industry
 A method of obtaining a piezoelectric single crystals with polydomain structure for precise positioning devices / 2233354
The invention relates to the field of obtaining single crystals of ferroelectric domain structure formed and can be used when creating and working appliances precise positioning, in particular probe microscopes, as well as during alignment optical systems
 The method of processing and improve the surface of materials using laser beam / 2206645
The invention relates to the field of material science and can be applied in manufacturing semiconductor devices
 Bubble photochemical reactor / 2393916
Invention relates to chemical machine building and can be used bubble-type apparatuses for production of, for example chloroform. Proposed reactor comprises vertical casing with light radiation inlet devices, circulation pipe, unions and bubbler representing a perforated circular plate with its outer edges jointed to the casing. Plate inner edges support partition secured thereto, while pipe is arranged coaxially with said plate. Pipe lower end face is located below plate plane and there is a clearance between pipe and plate.
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FIELD: physics. SUBSTANCE: device for irradiating minerals has a reactor active zone, an irradiation channel, a container and extra slow neutron filter. Inside the container there are slow and resonance neutron filters. The extra slow neutron filter surrounds the container and is fitted in the irradiation zone. A gamma-quanta absorber of the reactor is placed between the container and the active zone of the reactor. A resonance neutron absorber is added to the extra slow neutron filter. The thickness of these absorbers enables to keep temperature inside the container not higher than 200°C during irradiation. EFFECT: invention increases the possible volume of irradiated specimens and increases efficiency of modifying minerals. 1 dwg
The invention relates to radiation treatment minerals to change their optical and mechanical properties, in particular to increase their jewelry values. In the process of irradiation of minerals of various kinds of ionizing radiation, including neutrons, there are defects in the crystal structure of minerals with the formation of electron and hole color centers. Temperature exposure and its duration are determined experimentally, since the degree of crystallinity, saturation, textural and structural features, the concentration and the deportment of impurities in the different samples are not identical and may when the temperature exposure can lead to darkening and cracking stones and also to some annealing of color centers. A device for irradiation of minerals described in method discoloration of minerals, which includes the reactor core, the channel exposure and the container with minerals (SU # 601855, IPC B01J 19/08, 1983). The closest technical solution is the device described in the implementation of the method of irradiation of minerals (RU # 2104770, IPC B01J 19/08, SW 33/04, G21G 1/10, 1998), which contains the reactor core, the channel of the irradiation container, inside of which is placed the filters of thermal and resonance neutrons, additional filter thermal neutrons is new, surrounding the container and mounted in the exposure zone of the container. The known device has enabled to reduce the induced activity of the samples due to thermal and resonance neutrons. However, these devices do not allow to irradiate samples of large volume, which reduces the channel capacity of the irradiation. In fact, if the container has a filter with a large capture cross section of thermal neutrons, such as cadmium or boron, almost all thermal neutrons absorbed in the filter and provide a significant energy release per unit volume of the filter. The larger size of the container will require large amounts of filter that will lead to a large energy deposition in the entire volume of the filter. The same situation is observed with the use of filter resonance neutrons, such as boron indium, cadmium, tantalum, cadmium-indium. Gamma-quantum reactor give in almost any materials initiated by one to two orders of magnitude larger than the fast neutron reactor. Thus, due to the energy release from neutron and gamma-ray temperature in containers large volume exceeds 200°C, and radiation-induced defects responsible for the coloration will begin otjihase that will result in the loss of the jewelry value of the stones. No coincidence that in the known device was irradiated with only a small amount of stones (185 g). Technical re is the query result of the invention is the possibility of exposure to the large sample volume at a temperature of not more than 200°C, boosting the performance of the modification of minerals. This is achieved by a device for irradiation of minerals containing the reactor core, the channel of the irradiation container, inside of which is placed the filters of thermal and resonance neutrons, additional filter thermal neutrons surrounding the container and mounted in the exposure zone of the container according to the invention between the container and the reactor core is placed absorber of gamma rays reactor, and to the additional filter of thermal neutrons added absorber resonance neutrons, and these sinks should be of such thickness that the inside container temperature was not higher than 200°C. The drawing shows a diagram of the device for irradiation of minerals. The device comprises an active zone of the nuclear reactor 1, the absorber of gamma rays 2, additional filter thermal neutron absorber resonance neutrons 3, the reactor channel 4, the container 5 with filters of thermal and resonance neutrons, minerals 6. Additional filter thermal neutron absorber resonance neutrons reside in the exposure zone of the container and surround it in the irradiation process. The device operates as follows. Before irradiation in the container 5 with filters of thermal and resonance neutrons placed the minerals 6 and seal the container. If the container 5 is not sealed, the irradiation process it gets water reactor 1 and in this water fast neutron reactor to slow to heat and resonance energies, which will lead to a large induced activity of minerals despite the presence of filters, the surrounding minerals. Then on channel 4 reactor container 5 bring in the radiation zone, where there is an additional filter thermal neutron absorber resonance neutrons 3, surrounding the zone of irradiation. Fluxes of neutrons and gamma rays in the radiation zone is dependent on the reactor power, the distance of the radiation from the reactor core, and the material between the radiation zone and the active zone of the reactor. The neutron reactor, getting in minerals 6, form them in simple and complex defects (complexes of defects). Simple defects (displaced from the lattice site atoms) occur already at a neutron energy of tens of eV and lead to clouding of the crystal. But these parts are annealed during subsequent irradiation annealing of the crystal. Complexes of defects are formed from simple defects the more likely the higher the density of simple defects. Therefore, the probability of the formation of complex defects increases with increasing energy of the neutron and reaches saturation in the defect formation at an energy of 1 MeV neutron in. The larger the defect, the higher must be the temperature is and for his post-radiation annealing. Complexation of defects depends on the irradiation temperature. Complex defects responsible for the color centers. Elevated temperature exposure can lead to some annealing of color centers, and turbidity and cracking of the crystals. In turn, the temperature of the radiation depends on the energy deposited in the material container and the cooling conditions of the container. Under the same conditions cooling temperature exposure is higher, the greater the energy deposition in the material container. Therefore, the sinks outside of the container, substantially weaken the flow of gamma rays, thermal and resonance neutrons, thereby reducing the power density and the temperature in the container. The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the proposed device is substantially reduced specific energy deposition in the container with the samples and filters due to the fact that the gamma-quanta and resonance neutrons are attenuated in additional absorbers. And this, in turn, allows to increase the volume of the container under the minerals. In addition, the lower fluence resonance neutrons in the container automatically reduces the level of induced activity of irradiated minerals. Thus, each element of the device contributes to the productivity of the exposure of the minerals in the channel. B is ze standard water-to-water type reactor IRT-T 6 MW was installed experimental setup. In the original experimental setup had no additional resonant absorbers of neutrons and gamma-quanta. And as an absorber of thermal neutrons was used cadmium foil with a thickness of 1 mm, which was wrapped around the reactor channel in the exposure zone of the container. The container was placed a filter of thermal and resonance neutrons. The weight of the filter in the container was $ 466, At full load in the container was placed 1600 Topaz. As a filter as thermal and resonance neutrons used boron carbide, because the boron-10 cross section for the absorption of thermal neutrons is 4017 barn, and the absorption cross section of resonance neutrons in the energy range from eV up to 1000 eV too high and varies from 770 barn to 25 barn. Inside the container was placed thermocouple for continuous temperature measurement in the process of irradiation container. There were a series of exposures at different temperatures in the range of 76°C.-350°C. the Temperature of exposure was changed by adding Topaz from exposure to radiation. The minimum weight of Topaz in the container was equal to 19 g, and the maximum 620, Each irradiation was carried out for 7.5 hours, while the fluence of fast neutrons with energies greater than 0.5 MeV was 1·1017neutrons/cm2. After irradiation Topaz annealed for 30 minutes at 200°C. When this top is s acquired blue color. However, when irradiation temperature above 200°C, the Topaz was mutely. When the capture of a thermal or resonance neutron boron-10 is the energy of 2.33 MeV. Calculations showed that the specific energy deposition in the container is completely filled Topaz is from thermal neutron flux densities of 4·1012cm-2with-1- 0,597 W/cm3from resonance neutron flux-density in 3·1012cm-2with-1- 0,0448 W/cm3and from gamma-quanta reactor 0,037 W/cm3. In a container with a diameter of 5 cm and a height of 55 cm will generate the energy from thermal neutron - 644 W, from resonance neutron - 48,3 W, and gamma-quanta reactor 39,94 watts. The contribution of fast neutrons in the energy liberated by two orders of magnitude less than that of gamma-quanta of the reactor. Given that thermal neutron flux is suppressed by the additional filter of cadmium foil, full of energy in the container is fully filled with topazes, will be 88,2 watts. To the energy deposition in the container was not more than 10 W, it is necessary to reduce the density of resonance neutrons in 10 times or more and a flux of gamma-rays in 10 and more times. To this end between the channel and the active zone of the reactor as an absorber of gamma rays was set lead shield thickness 5 see the Rate of attenuation of gamma rays reactor in this screen is equal to 12. And the canal was a neighborhood is n the boron carbide with a thickness of 1 cm, which is thermal neutron filter and absorber resonance neutrons. Thermal neutrons was completely absorbed in the filter, and the ratio of attenuation of the flux of neutrons with energies from 1 eV to 100 eV changes smoothly from 2.2·108to 6.8. After it was irradiated with the same container completely filled with topazes, with a filter of boron carbide and a thermocouple. Weight Topaz was about 1600 Temperature Topaz irradiated did not exceed 82°C. as a result of irradiation fluence of fast neutrons was 1.1·1017neutrons/cm2. Minerals purchased the blue color and not dull. Note that in the implemented version of the installation as an absorber of thermal and resonance neutrons used boron, although you could use other filters such as cadmium-indium, cadmium, tantalum, etc. A useful result is that reduced the specific energy deposition in the material of the container due to the additional absorbers, and this resulted in a several fold increase in the volume irradiated minerals during irradiation temperature less than 200°C., thereby improves the performance of channel exposure. A device for the irradiation of minerals, including the reactor core, the channel of the irradiation container, inside of which is placed the filters heat and retransmitinterval, and an additional filter of thermal neutrons surrounding the container and mounted in the exposure zone of the container, characterized in that between the container and the reactor core is placed absorber of gamma rays reactor, and to the additional filter of thermal neutrons added absorber resonance neutrons, and these sinks should be of such thickness that when the irradiation inside the container temperature was not higher than 200°C.
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