Method of lead utilisation |
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IPC classes for russian patent Method of lead utilisation (RU 2353685):
  
Recycling of lead plates with active mass of used accumulators / 2326186
Invention is related to the sphere of electro-chemical industries and is the method of recycling of lead plates with active mass of used accumulators. Method includes electrochemical dissolution of lead in electrolyte solution and it extraction from electrolyte. As electrolyte, solution of acetic acid is used with additives of nitric acid. Electrochemical dissolution is performed until dissolved lead concentration in electrolyte solution reaches 350-450 g/l, then the solution is separated from the insoluble residue, and the lead is extracted from the solution as end product - tribasic lead sulfate by settling with concentrated sulfuric acid. After depositing of lead, electrolyte is again sent for dissolution of lead plates.
Method of reprocessing of the spent lead storage batteries / 2298044
The invention is pertaining to the reprocessing of the spent lead storage batteries. The method provides for simultaneous dissolution of the non-destructed leaden plates with the active mass in the electrolyte and the electrochemical extraction of the lead. As the electrolyte use the solution of sodium hydrotartrate and the sodium hydroxide, and the electrochemical extraction of lead conduct at the current density of 5-15 mA/cm2. The process is ecologically pure, the used electrolyte is harmless, it contains the insoluble antimony, the passivation of the anodes in it is minimal, the practically complete utilization of the lead from the spent lead storage batteries is reached.
Lead electrolytic refining method / 2294984
Method of electrolytic refining of lead comprises steps of anode dissolution and cathode reduction of lead in aqueous solution of electrolyte; using as electrolyte aqueous nitrate solution of salts of lead and sodium containing, g/l: lead (in the form of Pb(No3)2), 220 - 250; NaNO3, 180 - 200; HNO3- ,(1.5 -2)10-3 (pH =4,5); carrying out electrolysis at electric current density 450 - 480 A/m2, temperature 20 -25°C, electrolyte circulation rate 45 - 50 l/min.
Method of processing of the waste lead storage batteries / 2245393
The invention is dealt with the methods of electrochemical productions, in particular with processing waste storage batteries. Then the electrolyzer is filled up with a solution 2М of sulphaminic acid and the unbroken leaden plates with an active mass are dipped into it for a day. Then they fix a cathode made out of a pure lead and the selected lead plates from the waste lead storage batteries are used in the capacity of an anode. Then the system is connected to a direct current source. Further the process of electrowinning of lead is conducted at simultaneous dissolution in it of unbroken leaden plates at the anode current density of 10-20 mA/cm2 with provision of an increase of productivity of the process at the expense of absence of the labor-consuming production operations. The sulphaminic electrolyte used in the process is harmless, whereas other electrolytes are toxic. Antimony does not dissolve in it and passivation of anodes in it is minimum. The method also ensures practically full utilization of lead from the waste lead storage batteries.
 Method of electrolytic refining of lead bismuthide / 2197565
The invention relates to electrolytic refining of metals and can be used in the metallurgical industry for cleaning of lead from bismuth
 Method for processing of lead - and sulphide-containing concentrates of gold (options) / 2196839
The invention relates to the metallurgy of noble metals, in particular to the extraction of high-purity gold from lead - and sulphide-containing concentrates, as well as the separation of alloys of gold with silver with obtaining metals
 The method of separation of bismuth from lead / 2049158
The invention relates to the metallurgy of bismuth in particular to a method of refining bismuth from lead and obtain the salts of bismuth
 The method of obtaining lead / 2048611
The invention relates to an electrical obtaining metals by electrolysis
 Processing method of disintegrating slag / 2353682
Invention relates to ferrous metallurgy field, particularly, it relates to processing of disintegrating slag. Processing of disintegrating slag includes preliminary and final cooling, screening, dedusting and magnetic separation of decay daughter. Preliminary cooling and screening of disintegrating slag is implemented on screening grating with cells sizes from 80×80 mm till 300×300 mm with vibration action of frequency 3000-6000 vibration per minute with driving force from 2.5 till 9.0 kN. Final cooling and dedusting are implemented simultaneously in revolve drum with linear velocity of the internal surface of shell ring 0.2-0.5 m/s and rate of airflow in cavity of drum 0.6-4.0 m/s. Additionally powdered and dust-free decay products of slug is subject to magnetic separation separately.
 Installation with rotary kiln for aluminium melting excluding usage of slats with screening and slag collection / 2353681
Invention relates to installation for melting of the primary and secondary aluminium with screening and collecting of slag. Facility contains rotary kiln for aluminium melting excluding usage of salt bath, inside of which there are helical element, bleed channel implemented with required inclination located in isolated chamber, allowing window between hole of rotary kiln and spherical accumulator tank located lower in blind area and outfitted by rotary joint for providing of the constant inclination of bleed channel and ability of direct and continuous pouring with metal melt into reservoir, device for automatically continuous screening and collection of melting slag, built into the facility and double system of channels for withdrawing of effluent gases.
Briquette made of secondary aluminium / 2353680
Invention relates to non-ferrous metallurgy field, particularly it relates to manufacturing of briquettes from secondary raw materials, particularly from secondary aluminium. Briquettes from secondary aluminium is received by pressing of mixture from grinned aluminium with admixture. In the capacity of aluminium it contains aluminium scrap with fraction size from more than 3 till 10 mm. In the capacity of addition it is included slag-forming component quicklime CaO in amount from more than 10 till 30% from the common mass of mixture, at that mass of received briquette is 15-2000 g. For receiving of AB-91 in the capacity of aluminium scrap briquette contains alimentary aluminium tin as the basis and no more than 10% of foil, for receiving of AB-87 in the capacity of aluminium scrap it contains alimentary aluminium tin as the basis no more than 10% of foil and no more than 10% of aluminium alloys chips, with briquette is implemented in the form of cylinder of diametre 10-15 mm and height from 15 till 200 mm.
Brick for steel production in arc furnace with receiving of zinc semiproduct / 2352649
Brick includes iron-containing and zinc-containing materials, reducer and binder. In the capacity of iron-containing material it is used ferrous materials scale, zinc-containing material - dust electric furnace steelmaking, in the capacity of reducer - screening of breeze coke, and in the capacity of binder ladle slag of electric furnace steelmaking. Ratio of components in brick is following, wt %: gas cleaning dust of electric furnace steelmaking 30-70; ferrous materials scale 1-25; screening of breeze coke 1-15; ladle slag of electric furnace steelmaking 5-45. Invention will provide receiving of semiproduct for zinc industry in the form of collected dust with zinc content no less than 32%.
 Method of phosphorus recovery / 2351665
Invention refers to method of phosphorus recovery from aqueous slurry to be divided into aqueous suspension containing suspended phosphorus particles and impurities, and coarse solid particles. Adding flocculant to the suspension enables to agglomerate suspended phosphorus particles and impurities removed from water and heated up to melt element phosphorus. Coalescing agent is added to coalesce melted element phosphorus separated from impurity particles. Coarse solid particles are mixed with hot water to melt phosphoric sludge thereafter separated from inert solid particles. Solid particles are heated up to burn any residual element phosphorus. Separated melted phosphoric sludge is mixed with chromic acid solution to recover phosphorus as a separate phase. Reducing agent is added to residual water and solid particles thus reducing Cr+6 in Cr+3. At last, alkali is added to water and solid particles to ensure reaction with residual phosphorus and produce phosphorus compounds. Reaction mass is filtered. Filter cake is to be buried as a safe waste.
 Method for processing of beryllium metal wastes / 2351538
Invention may be used in production of fluoroberyllate ammonia - initial product for production of beryllium and its compounds. Method for processing of beryllium metal wastes includes operations of flushing from foreign admixtures, chopping to size of 2-5 mm and dilution in solution of ammonia bifluoride during heating. Process of beryllium metal wastes dilution is done in presence of oxidant - nitric acid or ammonia nitrate taken in amount of 0.4-0.8 mole per mole of metal powder, at the temperature of 85-90°C. Ammonia bifluoride is taken in amount of 180-200% from stoichiometry.
Method of mercury removal from mercury-contaminated solutions / 2350672
Invention refers to method of mercury removal from mercury-contaminated polluted alkali or alkali alcoholate spirit. Mercury-contaminated alkali or alkali alcoholate spirit is filtered through coal at first and then through inert fibrous material. Filtration is followed with introducing distillation column into solution over the bottom. Water or spirit are reduced, while mercury-depleted alkali or spirit are delivered to the column bottom.
Complex method for recycling of slags / 2350666
Invention is related to ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, namely to recycling of slags and ash-and-slag wastes. Method for slags recycling for extraction of valuable components includes magnetic separation and gravitational enrichment with production of concentrate and rewash discard. Rewash discard after enrichment are exposed to cavitation processing and biohydrometallurgical redistribution, which provides for additional extraction of valuable components available in slag matrix. Recycling is carried out by means of bacteria growing to concentration of 103-105 cells per 1 ml, addition of rewash discard to solution with bacteria in the ratio of T:Zh=1:5 and development of bacteria cultures to concentration of 107 cells per 1 ml. In process of recycling permanent aeration is carried out at medium temperature of 15-32°C. Valuable components are extracted from produced solution.
 Method for recycling of household and industrial wastes / 2349654
Method includes loading of wastes with fluxing additives into melted slag bath bubbled by supplied gas into electric furnace with electrode submerged into slag melt at specific power of 400-1,500 KW/m2, blast intensity of 0.3-0.5 nm3/t·min and melt temperature of 1,450-1,600°C. At that extracted flammable components are burned up, and dust and heat of waste gases are utilised. Loading of wastes and gas supply is performed to near-electrode area of furnace, volume of which is defined as volume of cylinder with diameter equal to 2.38 of electrode diameter, cylinder height equal to value He+de/2, where de is electrode diameter, m; He is electrode submersion into slag melt, m. Gas is supplied to melt with flow velocity of 50-150 nm/sec. Ferruginous flux is added to melt in amount required for maintenance of iron content in slag melt within the limits of 10-15%.
Method of copper extraction form sulphate containing dust of copper production / 2348714
Invention concerns methods of residue utilisation. Particularly it concerns method of copper extraction from sulphate containing dust of copper production. Method includes water leaching of dust with copper and impurity elements conversion into leaching solution, separation of solution from insoluble residue, liquid solvent extraction of copper by oximne extractant with receiving of copper-bearing extract and raffinate, containing impurity elements. After extraction it is implemented copper re-extraction, cleaning of received re-extract from extragent and electro-extraction of copper with receiving of commercial copper and reversible electrolyte. At that water leaching of dust is implemented at temperature 60-100°C and H:L=1:2-4. Leaching solution is cooled with crystallisation of copper main part in the form of vitriol and forming of mother solution, containing residual part of copper. Vitriol is separated from mother solution, dissolved in sulphuric solution and fed to electro-extraction, and liquid solvent extraction is implemented from mother solution.
 Method of obtaining sponge iron used for fine powder manufacture / 2345152
Invention refers to powder metallurgy, and namely to method of obtaining sponge iron used for fine metal powder manufacture. Iron oxide is mixed with iron powder and carbon-bearing matter. Obtained mixture is briquetted and reduced by means of being heated. At that, phenol-formaldehyde resin is used as carbon-bearing matter; iron oxide particle size is less than 1 micron, and heating of briquettes is two-staged. At the first stage they are heated with no air access at t=750-800°C, and at the second stage - in vacuum at t=800-850°C.
Fining method for lead bullion and lead alloys from copper / 2323987
Method contains the melting of lead bullion or lead alloy, inserting in it the metal zinc, then mixing of the melt and moving off the generated chemical compound in the form of the set. At the same zinc is inserting under temperature of the melt 410÷450°С, beforehand heated up to 80÷120°С.
 Method of utilization of the solutions formed at reprocessing of the spent lead accumulators / 2304627
The invention is pertaining to metallurgy and in particular to the method of reprocessing of the sulfate-oxide fraction (the active mass) of the lead accumulator scrap. The method provides for reprocessing of the spent lead accumulators by the desulphurization using the solution of the sodium hydroxide with the subsequent wash of the organic fraction. The utilization of the formed solutions is exercised by the electrodialysis with recovery of the sodium hydroxide and production of the sulfuric acid. The electrodialysis is exercised in the chambers of the electrodialysis apparatus with usage of the bipolar membranes at the direct-current voltage of 30 V with production of the low-mineralized water with the salt contents of no more than 0.3 g/l. The low-mineralized water from the chambers of the electrodialyzer is routed to the washing of the desulfurized active mass and other components of the accumulator scrap. The technical result of the invention is the isolation of the cycle of the utilization of the sulfate solutions formed at reprocessing of the active mass of the lead accumulators.
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FIELD: metallurgy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the method of lead utilisation. Method of lead utilisation from waste accumulators includes location of undisturved lead plates with active mass of waste accumulator in electrolyte. Then it is implemented simultaneous dissolving of undisturved lead plates with active mass in electrolyte and lead electrochemical isolation. Additionally lead isolation is implemented at current density 5-15 mA/cm2. In the capacity of electrolyte it is used maleic acid. EFFECT: providing of almost total lead utilisation from waste lead accumulators. 1 dwg, 1 tbl, 3 ex
The invention relates to the field of electrochemical productions, in particular to the disposal of lead from lead waste. The invention can be used as one of the ways to get lead for the production of batteries as lining and electrode material in the chemical industry, etc. There is a method of recycling worn-out lead plates containing melted metal fraction and the casting of anodes for subsequent refining, processing sulphate-oxide fraction and a sludge mixture of carbonate and hydrosulfite ammonium with the release of lead in the form of carbonate, which is then leached waste kremneftoristogo acid (after electrolysis) [Cole E.R., Lee A.Y., Paulsen L. // J. Metals - 1985 - No. 2 - p.79-83]. The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the process. The closest way to the same destination on the totality of symptoms is the method of disposal of lead from spent batteries, which involves placement of intact lead plates with the active mass in the electrolyte and electrochemical selection of lead at current density of 10-20 mA/cm2[Pat. 2245393, Russia, MKI SS 1/18. Method for processing of spent lead acid batteries]. The disadvantage of this method are relatively high for the rata on the electrolyte. The objective of the claimed invention - processing of secondary lead raw materials and environmental protection. The technical result - the environmental safety of the process and efficiency through the use of cheaper electrolyte. The essence of the proposed method is that this method involves the simultaneous dissolution of intact lead plates with the active mass in the electrolyte and electrochemical allocation of lead, while the current density is 5-15 mA/cm2and in the electrolyte used is maleic acid. In a pot pour a solution of maleic acid and lower intact lead plate with an active mass for its offices. Fix a cathode made of pure lead and lead anodes are used, the plates of the spent battery. Next is the electrolytic selection of lead while dissolving it worked lead plates. The cathode current density is 5-15 mA/cm2. Diagram of the process shown in the drawing. Conducting electrolysis by the proposed method allows to recycle worn-out lead-acid batteries to obtain pure lead. The table shows the dependence of the current output from the current density.
At low current densities are in the process of recovery of lead ions: Pb2++2e→Pb° When carrying out electrolysis at a current density of 5-15 mA/cm2the current output lead exceeds 90%. At current density of 15 mA/cm2the outputs of the current lead is reduced. The increase in current density leads to a parallel reaction recovery of lead and hydrogen, and at a current density of more than 30 mA/cm2is only the reaction of hydrogen: 2H2O+2E→2OH-+H2↑ When the current density is less than 5 mA/cm2the performance of the process is low. The electrolysis was performed in the cell volume of 1 L. the anode used lattice spent battery, as the cathode plate of pure lead. In the electrolyte composition comprises maleic to the slot, ions of lead. Example 1. In a glass bowl 1 l pour electrolyte containing 100 g/l maleic acid, and then placed there intact lead plate with the active mass on the day. The cathode - plate pure lead. The anode is not destroyed leaden plate with the active mass. The current density of 5 mA/cm2. The precipitate has a loose spongy structure. The current output 98,9%. Example 2. The electrolysis is carried out according to example 1 at a current density of 10 mA/cm2. The current output of 98.2%. Example 3. The electrolysis is carried out according to example 1 at a current density of 15 mA/cm2. The current output 96,8%. The proposed method has several advantages: 1. Reducing the cost of the preparation of the electrolyte. 2. Almost complete recycling of lead from used lead acid batteries. For the inventive method, it is described in the independent clause sets out the claims, confirmed the possibility of its implementation using the steps described in the application of tools and methods. The method of disposal of lead from spent batteries, including accommodation intact lead plates with an active mass of waste batteries in the electrolyte, further simultaneous dissolution of intact lead plates with the active mass in the electrolyte and electrochemical allocation lead the ri current density of 5-15 mA/cm 2, characterized in that the electrolyte used is maleic acid.
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