Paving member

FIELD: road building.

SUBSTANCE: paving member has face surface and support surface provided with depression. Depression bottom is opposite to face surface. Support surface is provided with stiffening ribs arranged transversely to face surface. Stiffening rib ends form basic support surface of the member. Depression bottom has additional support surface extending at 1-45° to basic support surface. Summary area of basic support surface and additional support surface is chosen from a given relation.

EFFECT: increased load bearing capacity and, as a result, prevention of paving member deformation during usage thereof.

2 cl, 7 dwg

The invention relates to the field of road construction and can be used in the construction of road or sidewalk surfaces.

Known element paving, containing the front and the supporting surface (see GOST 17608-91, p.10), while the reference surface is a flat base, stacked on a bedding layer (gartsovku) of a mixture of sand and cement in the ratio of these ingredients 8-10:1.

The disadvantages of the known element paving is its low performance and the need to use as part of a bedding layer of binder (cement), which increases the cost of construction of road or sidewalk pavement. In the absence of binder known element paving exposed to landslide shift that leads to its lateral displacement and deformation of the profile of the road or sidewalk pavement. The absence of cavities in a known element paving predetermines its high thermal conductivity, which does not allow to maintain the temperature difference between the outer surface of the element and the Foundation soil. This, in turn, tends to slow down the thawing ice from the front surface of the element paving during the thaw in the cold season and in the off-season, because the front surface is poorly heated from the temperature surrounding the it environment and the sun's rays due to the contact of the support surface element paving with frozen sub-soil, having a lower temperature compared to ambient temperature. In the front surface of the element paving during the cold period of the year is subject to freezing, which degrades performance of the coating.

Known element paving, containing the front surface and the reference surface provided with a recess, the body which is located opposite the front surface, and ribs, placed perpendicular to the front surface, the ends of which form the base support surface element paving (see the description of the invention to ed. mon. The USSR №1423661, M CL E 01 3/06, publ. 15.09.88 year). The specified element paving can be used when laying a road or sidewalk coverage without use as part of a bedding layer of binder. Because the bearing surface is made with a cavity, a covering layer when laying element paving fills the recess, thus preventing the rockslide effect when coating. However due to the shrinkage of bedding layer when coating in the arch of the recess forms a cavity that is not filled bedding layer, resulting in the size of the footprint in contact with the Foundation soil and transmitting the force of the load on the Foundation soil, limited by the size of the database is howling support surface element paving, which is 30-35% of the area of its front surface.

A disadvantage of the known element paving are low performance, namely its low bearing capacity under vertical load during operation of the coating, in the case of use when laying sand bedding layer without binder, due to insufficient size of the supporting surface in contact with the Foundation soil. This leads to the precipitation of the element paving at loads in excess of 150 kg on one element paving standard size (150×150 mm), and the deformation profile of the coating.

The present invention is the creation of element paving laid in the floor without the use of binder in the composition of the litter layer, in order to prevent deformation of the profile of the coating operation by increasing the carrying capacity of the element paving.

The problem is solved in that in the known element paving, containing the front surface and the reference surface provided with a recess, the body which is located opposite the front surface, and ribs, placed perpendicular to the front surface, the ends of which form the base support surface element paving, according to the invention a set of recesses provided on ENISA least one additional bearing surface placed at an angle 1-45° to the underlying support surface, the total area of the support surface element paving is selected in accordance with the following dependency:

0,5S_persons≤S_databases+S_SS≤0,75S_persons,

where S_databases- the area of the base support surface, cm²,

S_SSthe area of additional support surface, cm²,

S_persons- the area of the front surface of the element paving, see

In the private embodiment, the arch of the recess has the shape of a stepped truncated cone.

Due to the presence of the recesses in the support surface element paving bedding layer when laying fills it, allowing the fixation element paving in the horizontal plane and to prevent its displacement. With abundant moisture and coating made of the proposed paving elements, shrinkage occurs litter layer, while in the arch of the recess forms a cavity providing thermal insulation front surface of the element paving. The presence of this cavity in the element paving reduces its thermal conductivity, which leads to accelerated thawing of ice from the front surface of the element paving during the thaw in the cold season and in the offseason. The front surface is th element paving when it is heated to a temperature close to the ambient temperature, and the ends of the ribs resting on the leveling layer of Foundation soil, have a lower temperature compared to the ambient air. However, the presence of at least one additional bearing surface, made in the firmament of the deepening of the element paving, allows to increase the total area of the support surface element paving up to 50-75% (0.50 to 0.75 S_persons) in relation to the area of the front surface. Extra supporting surface at an angle 1-45° to the underlying support surface helps to ensure shrinkage bedding reliable contact layer of bedding material layer with an additional support surface, and the transfer of workload from additional support surface for the Foundation soil. This increase of the total area of the support surface element paving provides increased allowable loads one element paving standard size (150×150 mm) up to 400-450 kg

Thus, the use of the claimed element paving provides reduced-cost coverage through the use of a covering layer without binder. This improves performance of the coating due to the prevention of landslide effect of increasing the allowable working load is to the element paving in 2,5-3 times. The presence of a cavity in the arch of the recess allows to improve the insulating properties of the element paving that helps prevent freezing of the front surface of the coating during the thaw in the cold season and the offseason.

The proposed invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a cross-section of the element paving, figure 2 - bottom view figure 1, figure 3 is an embodiment of an element paving with arch deepening, with two additional bearing surface, figure 4 - an embodiment of a hexagonal element paving with a set of recesses having the shape of a truncated stepped cone, figure 5 - bottom view figure 4, figure 6 - element paving on the underlying layer when installing the floor, 7 - a fragment of the cover during operation.

Element paving contains the front surface 1 and the reference surface provided with a recess 2, the body which is located opposite the front surface 1. On the supporting surface of the ribs 3, placed perpendicular to the front surface 1. The ends of the ribs 3 form a base support surface 4 of the element paving. The arch of the recess 2 is provided with an additional bearing surface 5, placed at an angle α to the underlying support surface 4. Angle α is 1-45°. The total area of the support surface (and there is but the underlying support surface 4 and an additional support surface 5) element paving is selected in accordance with the following dependency:

0,5S_persons≤S_databases+S_SS≤0,75S_persons,

where S_databases- the area of the base support surface, cm²,

S_SSthe area of additional support surface, cm²,

S_persons- the area of the front surface of the element paving cm².

In the private embodiment, the element paving has the arch of the recess 2 in the form of a stepped truncated cone, as shown in figure 4. In this embodiment, the element paving can be made in the form of a hexagonal element (see figure 5), which allows to expand the scope of use of the claimed element paving.

Angle β between the inner surface of the ribs 3 and the axis of the element paving is 1-3° and is of technological importance in forming element paving.

Element paving can be made of ceramic materials by dry pressing or molding and subsequent firing. Element paving can also be made of glass or other material. On the front surface 1 may be a coating of phosphors. These options are implemented depending on the destination element paving.

The process of paving using the declared element paving is as follows.

On the Foundation soil stack leveling layer of sand, the cat is who moisturize, and then tamped with beaters and light rollers to achieve the necessary density. On the surface of the alignment layer is applied loose wet sand without binder, which creates a bedding layer. Then on the bedding layer stack element paving so that the recess 2 is completely filled with sand. The front surface 1 of each of paving elements, the components of the road or pavement coating, exhibit level, before the formation of a common flat surface of the coating. The ends of the ribs 3, forming a base support surface 4, are based on the compacted surface of the alignment layer of sand, and an additional bearing surface 5 made in the arch of the recess 2, is based on the bedding layer. Then richly moisturize laid the floor by irrigation, resulting due to capillary movement of water throughout the volume of the bedding layer is intense saturation of water. Bedding layer acquires the mobility needed to intensify its shrinkage. Shrinkage bedding layer leads to the creation of empty sand voids in the arch of the recess 2. Because the additional surface 5 is located at an angle α=1-45° to the underlying support surface 4, shrinkage bedding layer of sand moved under complement is inuu bearing surface 5 and uniformly compacted in the volume of the recess 2 without the formation of voids under additional bearing surface 5. This ensures a reliable contact of the entire support surface element paving with bedding and leveling layers, transmitting the load on the Foundation soil. The choice of angle α additional tilt of the support surface 5 to the underlying support surface 4 due to the fact that when the angle α less than 1° the formation of voids under additional bearing surface 5, which reduces the bearing capacity of the element paving. However, angle α 45° is loosening the litter layer in place of its contact with additional bearing surface 5, which also leads to reduction of the bearing capacity of the element paving.

The tests confirmed the high performance of the element paving, manufactured in accordance with the proposed invention.

1. Element paving, containing the front surface (1) and the support surface provided with a recess (2), the body which is located opposite the front surface (1), and ribs (3), placed perpendicular to the front surface (1), the ends of which form the base support surface (4) of the element paving, characterized in that the arch of the recess (2) is equipped with at least one additional bearing surface (5), placed at an angle 1-45° to the underlying support surface (4), PR the total area support surface element paving is selected in accordance with the following dependency:

0,5S_persons≤S_databases+S_SS≤0,75S_persons,

where S_databases- the area of the base support surface (4), cm²;

S_SSthe area of additional support surface (5), cm²;

S_persons- the area of the front surface (1) element paving cm².

2. Element paving according to claim 1, characterized in that the sets of recesses (2) has the form of a stepped truncated cone.