Automatic machine for frying of doughnuts in fryer

FIELD: kitchen equipment using heating ovens.

SUBSTANCE: automatic machine has accumulator communicating through dough feeding branch pipe with single semi-finished product dosing device adjoining to heat-insulated fryer bath wherein spiral heater is coaxially fixed. Automatic machine is further equipped with ready product extracting device comprising ejector and guiding rod connected to cutoff member of dosing device, which is movable in vertical plane relative to cup fixed in central opening formed in bath bottom. Dosing device is kinematically closed with stem for reciprocation drive disposed in dough feeding branch pipe. Valve partition is mounted in dough feeding branch pipe and fixed on stem of reciprocation drive mounted between stops of float-type dosing device. Cylindrical heat-exchanger is positioned within spiral of heater.

EFFECT: provision for producing of desirable amount of product in automatic mode of operation.

2 cl, 3 dwg

The invention relates to cooking equipment, using heating furnaces, and more particularly, to a machine for automatically forming donuts with simultaneous hot when technological transportation fried.

The level of technology in this field characterizes the automatic installation for frying food in oil, described in patent RU 2129831, A 47 J 37/12, 1999, which contains the frying bath, divided by a partition into connected loading zone and frying.

On the lid of the frying bath in the download area cumulative installed capacity for the test with the dispensing mechanism and generating test semi-finished product, the gravitational coming through the gap under the baffle and the bottom of the tank into the guide cylinder, vertically fixed in the area of cooking, where mounted electric heater.

Over guides donuts in surfacing fried cylinder secured to the bracket adjacent the plunger in the receiver, kinematically connected to the drive of the metering mechanism of the drive.

Insulated tub equipped with a device for draining oil and level control module, which automatically makes refilling cold deep fat, and drain it of excess.

Free volume of the frying bath is communicated with an exhaust pipe equipped with a means of fries is rootdelay.

A continuation of the marked advantages of the installation are inherent disadvantages: low reliability and poor quality cooking doughnuts.

When spontaneous orientation of semi-finished products in the download area and in the guiding cylinder of the frying zone may cease to feed them due to jamming in the gap under the wall, or place the mechanical deformation of the plunger incorrectly oriented doughnut held by the limiter, respectively.

Because of the unilateral placement of the heater relative to the guide cylinder at a constant flow on the other side of the circulating cold oil from the zone load is uneven heating of the test semi-finished products, which causes varying degrees of readiness in the mass of each fried doughnut.

Noted shortcomings in is selected as the closest analogue machine for frying doughnuts fried in patent RU 2165231, A 47 J 37/12, 2001, which contains placed separately in a common housing insulated frying bath with coaxial spiral heater and hopper with the feed pipe of the test.

Tube feeding test will be reported with vertical glass device forming the test piece semi-finished products, built in the center hole of the bottom of the frying bath. In this glass, with channels for circulation of cooling water, a piston, kinematically linked with the drive shaft of the reciprocating movement.

The piston device forming unit test the semi-torus sleeve forms attached: conical cutter (bottom) and guide rod (top), designed to guide the movement of the doughnuts fried.

Frying bath equipped with a device for the extraction of finished products with the guide rod in the window of the cover onto the storage, exhaust pipe and module topping cold deep fat, and drain it of excess.

In the storage bin set auger feed test pipe and then into a glass device forming of semi-finished products.

In this setting, for the cycle of the reciprocating movement of the piston in a vertical glass provides automatic volumetric dosing of the trimming portion of the test with the simultaneous formation of semi-finished doughnut in the shape of a torus on guide rod. Test semi-finished products consistently serves on the bottom guide rod directly in the frying bath technologically isolated from leakage of oil supplied to the test, and then the piston of the dispenser in its lower position.

From heat fried dough which TimeToBeReceived in volume, actively evaporates water, which accounts for the density of donuts frying halved and they focused on the guiding rod surface to the device to retrieve.

In this automatic installation donuts all the way movement deep inside the coaxial heater and so thoroughly fried with a volumetric heat input.

However, the disadvantages described installation should include the following.

The probabilistic nature of the flow through the nozzle portions of the test different amount of force roaming dosing leads to the fact that donuts are the notable weight and differ in varying degrees of readiness at equal time of frying. This limits the implementation of donuts because of underweight and sensory characteristics.

Because of the relatively large hydraulic resistance in the gap between the guide rod and the inner surface of the post donuts is formed stagnant zone in which the circulation of the oil due to natural heat transfer is insufficient, therefore there is a temperature gradient in the volume of oil and do not provide a uniform mode of cooking the entire surface of the doughnuts.

Local overheating of the immediately adjacent coils of the heater test semi-finished products causes the formation of possible burns, containing what they carcinogens, reducing the quality of donuts, this spoils the oil for future use.

In addition, batch dosing the test by forcing the reciprocating movement of the piston to slam into the glass of the device forming of semi-finished products requires expensive precision technology of its manufacture and the exact configuration of the actuator, which increases consumer cost of installing and operating expenses for its operation.

Task to be solved by the present invention is directed, is to improve the design of the facility for technological ensure the required quality of the produced donuts in automatic mode.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known machine for frying doughnuts fried, contain a drive which is connected via tube feeding test with dispenser piece of semi-adjacent to the insulated frying tub in which is coaxially fixed spiral heater, and the extraction device of finished products, including the plunger and the guide rod associated with the cutter dispenser, a vertically movable relative to the glass, mounted in the Central hole of the bottom of the bath, and the dispenser kinematically closed with the drive shaft of a reciprocating postupatel the x displacements, posted in tube feeding test, according to the invention in the inlet connection of the test set, valve retainer, mounted on the drive shaft of the reciprocating movement, mounted between the lugs float dispenser, and inside the spiral heater is placed a cylindrical heat exchanger, while the guide rod on the dispenser is mounted for swing.

The distinctive signs provided the required quality of the series-produced donuts identical masses, which are evenly browned surface and in the volume for automatic simultaneous operation of all structural components and mechanisms of the installation.

The inside of the spiral cylindrical heater heat exchanger, which shields the donuts from direct radiation exposure, allows to intensify the natural circulation heat transfer in deep fat, organize regular coolant flows both outside and inside post articles on guide rod, aligning the temperature on the entire trajectory of the donuts while frying.

This ensures uniform heat transfer from helical heater to test semi-finished products during frying doughnuts.

A cylindrical heat exchanger forms in the frying bath tunnel, in which blood circulation to occur is by flows of natural convective heat transfer due to the difference in densities of cold and hot fluid (oil) inside and outside. A cylindrical heat exchanger physically separates the convective flows, organizing the most active of heat and mass transfer, which helps to equalize the temperature in the volume of the oil bath to obtain a given technological regime frying doughnuts.

Mount the drive rod of the reciprocating movement of the valve septum inside the feed pipe is used for batch move a test in a Cup dispenser, which formed a semi-finished donuts, which resulted in equal mass and identical to the form of marketable products.

This dosing cutter, automatically moved vertically within the limit stops of its extreme positions, functions autonomously as a float under the action of sequentially alternating pressure and vacuum created in the glass is forcibly moved in a feed pipe valve septum. Thus, there is a functional relationship horizontally movable valve septum feed pipe with the workers of the vertical movements of the cutter in a glass dispenser.

Inclined toward the receiving tray location guide rod mounted on the cutter dispenser with swing, you can force to shift the center of gravity of the donuts in the frying bath for unloading N. the output tray.

Therefore, every significant topic are needed, and their combination in a stable relationship are sufficient to achieve the novelty of the quality, not the inherent characteristics of dissociation, that is, the problem is solved not by the amount of effects, and the effect of the amount of signs.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which shows:

figure 1 - schematic installation;

figure 2 - pusher device extraction, axonometric view;

figure 3 - guide rod in the section.

Machine for frying doughnuts (figure 1) contains fixed in a common housing 1 drive 2 test and insulated frying tub 3, the closed lids 4 and 5, respectively.

In the Central hole of the bottom of the bath 3 is mounted a vertical water-cooled glass 6 device forming unit test the semi-torus sleeve shape, which has a float dispenser 7, overlapping output 6 cups in a bath 3.

The dispenser 7 bottom is made conical cutter 8, and a measuring groove 9, which is freely rod 10 drive M horizontal reciprocating it travels along the pipe 11 filing test from the drive 2 in the Cup 6.

The groove 9 pornobrazil two stops kinematic circuit on the rod 10, limiting the upper and lower extreme positions of the cutter 8, than both the paid metered flow into the Cup 6 servings test on the formation of semi-finished doughnut.

At the end of the rod 10 is fixed lattice partition 12, equipped with longitudinal movement of sliding valve 13 with the stop 14, which together perform the function of a check valve.

With a deep tub 3 is coaxially sequentially assembled with the annular gaps of the spiral heater 15 and the cylindrical heat exchanger 16, mounted with a clearance above the bottom of the tub 3 and hung on the receiving tray 17 fixed onto the gravity slid 18. The tray 17 mounted in the tub 3.

The piston of the dispenser 7 top with swing set guide rod 19 (Fig 3), which is tilted to the receiving tray 17. On the upper end of the rod 19 fixed eccentric directed into the receiving tray 17 rope 20, which performs the function of the limiter height of the column of donuts on the rod 19.

Under the cover 5 with exhaust pipe 21, a revolving along the way (counterclockwise in the drawing) blade plunger 22, which is made in the form of a spiral elastic rods 23 (2), attached to the axis 24 of rotation, which is located above the rod 19 so that the trajectory of the pop-up fried donuts and rotation of the rods about 23 combined at the level of the tray 17.

Bath 3 is equipped with a module 25 topping cool and drain the old oil.

The proposed machine works is as follows.

In the initial position of the metering device 7 is at the bottom when the piston closes the outlet of the Cup 6, is aligned with the Central hole of the bottom of the bath 3, which is filled with oil to specified level, then a heater 15.

Drive 2 fill with the prepared dough, which flows by gravity into the pipe 11 and the glass 6 device forming a test of semi-finished products. While the dough is gravity fed through pipe 11 through a permeable medium 12 by moving to the right gate valve 13 to the open position where it is retained by the stop 14.

After heating of the oil bath 3 to a temperature of 180-190°include actuators M and an exhaust fan connected by a pipe 21 with the free volume 3 under the cover 5 and the rotation axis 24 of the blade pusher 22 (conventionally not shown).

For the cycle reciprocating movement of the rod 10 drive M is metered flow in the pipe 11 portions of the test and the formation of the semi-finished product on the piston of the metering device 7 in the Cup 6.

When the movement of the rod 10 to the right in the drawing, the lattice of partitions 12 overlaps a gate valve 13, which then move together. Pressure test the piston of the dispenser 7 is lifted above the glass 6 and the bottom of the tub 3, and formed in the annular gap rushes dough, postupayushie is in hot deep fat.

The rise of the dispenser 7 above the glass 6 and the bottom of the tub 3 is fixed lower stop of the groove 9 on the shaft 10.

Then the rod 10 drive M returns to its original position, thus creating a vacuum under the piston of the metering device 7, as a result he falls, and a conical cutter 8 is separated formed on the rod 19 tor test, who is in the bath 3.

In the bottom position of the metering device 7, the piston tightly closes the Cup 6, the insulating tub 3, settles the upper lock groove 9 on the shaft 10.

Simultaneously, the batter seeps through the grid supplied by a rod 10 partitions 12, holding freely set the valve 13 in its rightmost position before clamping her stop 14 with the partition 12, which then move together to the starting position.

During the return stroke of the rod 10, when the lattice partition 12 is open, and through it flows a measured dose of the test, adequate volume generated test semi-finished piston metering device 7 in the Cup 6 in the subsequent working stroke 10. Pre-dosing weight test for valve wall 12 allows you to create identical semi-finished donuts and ensures functional reliability of the mechanism, a work body in which the piston of the dispenser 7) operates automatically as a float.

Generated test semi-finished product in the bath 3 actively fry who is on all sides in hot oil. It is located on the piston of the dispenser 7 above, since the density of the test (900 kg/m³) exceeds the density of the oil (600 kg/m³). This guide rod 19 is formed inside the torus test semi-finished product.

Then the cycle repeats, and the newly formed semi-forcibly lift placed in the bath 3 on the rod 19 is already fry the doughnuts.

When roasting semi heating temperature from the surface moves inward, and from the test, which increases in volume, actively evaporated water, resulting in their density decreases. 8-10 with frying density test is compared with the density of deep-frying and then reaches 400 kg/m³, that is, the lower its density, so the top donuts alternately detached from the post below and float to the surface of the deep.

Vapor bubbles on the surface of the deep burst in the froth layer from contact with the cold air coming through the window unload in the cover 5, when the hood of excess foam in the nozzle 21.

Radiation and with the hot frying spiral heater 15 heats evenly cylindrical heat exchanger 16, all the heat which convection is passed through the separating wall to the cold deep inside of cylinder 16. Due to uneven heating of the oil moves the tsya to fry the donuts, flowing around their post on the rod 19 and the inside and outside.

Under the action of gravity unevenly heated frying fat, so heterogeneous in density, in the bath 3 actively arise circulating flows: - hot oil from the annular gap 3-15 through the gaps between the bottom of the tub 3 by the heater 15 and the cylinder 16 to the inside of the latter to the donuts; - of the cylinder 16 above the cold oil to the periphery of the bath 3, which is displaced upward by the hot flow from the heater 15.

In the center column of donuts locally increases the pressure and hot deep transverse jets flows between the donuts to the cylinder 16 and then up to recirculated to the heater 15.

Post doughnuts on the tilted rod 19 is offset from the axis of the bath 3 in the direction of the receiving tray 17 and held the rope 20, while the opposite end of the upper donut turns to blade pusher 22.

Flexible stopper 20 is regulated by the number of donuts on the rod 19 and the specified time of their frying in deep fat.

Spiral rod 23 rotating pusher 22 top donut unstressed faced by the rope 20 into the receiving tray 17, where the remains of oil down the doughnut and merge into the bath 3. This doughnut, which was previously discharged into the tray 17 is pushed in the storage 18 and is removed from the installation.

To replenish the flow of oil is used the capacity of the module 25, the which is connected to the tub 3 from the level sensor or manually by the operator.

Thus, the installation automatically, by selecting technological regimes and regulation of the interaction between the Executive of the structural elements, provides the appearance and quality frying identical in mass and shape of donuts.

The comparative analysis of proposed technical solutions to identified analogues of the prior art from which the invention not obvious to a person skilled in food engineering, has shown that it is not known, and given opportunities for industrial mass production of machines for frying doughnuts can be concluded according to the criteria of patentability.

1. Machine for frying doughnuts fried, contain a drive which is connected via tube feeding test with dispenser piece of semi-adjacent to the insulated frying tub in which is coaxially fixed spiral heater, and the extraction device of finished products, including the plunger and the guide rod associated with the cutter dispenser, a vertically movable relative to the glass, mounted in the Central hole of the bottom of the bath, while the dispenser kinematically closed with the drive shaft of the reciprocating movement, placed in the tube feeding test, characterized in that the pipe under the Chi test installed valve retainer, fixed to the drive shaft of the reciprocating movement, mounted between the lugs float dispenser, and inside the spiral heater is placed a cylindrical heat exchanger.

2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide rod on the dispenser is mounted for swing.