Hydraulic-mine dump of industrial waste
 Earth dan of permafrost base / 2250296Invention relates to dam building in Northern regions. Proposed dam has upstream and downstream fills, diaphragm, transition layers and drain located in downstream fill. It has also heat curtain arranged in cross section of dam in zone of transition layers and made in form of row of successive holes, each furnished with at least one heating device. Number and pitch of holes and number and parameters of heating devices are chosen to keep transition layers and drain in zone of action of plus temperatures created by heat curtain. Resistance electric heater can be used as heating device. |
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Earth dan of permafrost base / 2250296 Invention relates to dam building in Northern regions. Proposed dam has upstream and downstream fills, diaphragm, transition layers and drain located in downstream fill. It has also heat curtain arranged in cross section of dam in zone of transition layers and made in form of row of successive holes, each furnished with at least one heating device. Number and pitch of holes and number and parameters of heating devices are chosen to keep transition layers and drain in zone of action of plus temperatures created by heat curtain. Resistance electric heater can be used as heating device. |
 Hydraulic-mine dump of industrial waste / 2252295Dump comprises spillaway well, discharge manifold and drainage system, which provides subsurface interception of waste water filtering out of storage section. Drainage system is formed in ground base of storage section. Water receiving sections thereof are made as draining branches converging one with another within water receiving chamber of drainage system and provided with separate shutoff means. Water receiving chamber is formed under spillaway well and shares a common body with foundation part of the well. Water receiving chamber hydraulically communicates with discharge manifold by pump and water conduit. Formed inside discharge manifold is passage relating to water receiving chamber. Draining branches may be tubular and are arranged in a trench and/or pressed into the ground base from water receiving chamber. Diverging ends of two draining branches arranged in trench may be connected by tubular draining means. |
 Earth-filled dam built on permafrost ground / 2258780Dam comprises upstream and downstream fills, crest, impervious member and transition layers located adjacent to the member. Dam has heat shield arranged between impervious member and the nearest intermediate layer and made as a row of successively formed wells. Wells are provided with at least one heating device. Depth, number of wells and pitch of the wells, as well as heating device parameters are chosen to subject impervious member and the nearest intermediate layer separated with heat shield to positive temperatures created by the heat shield. Electric heater or liquid heat-transfer medium may be used as the heating device. |
 Industrial waste disposal area / 2261952Waste disposal area has primary flood-breaking dam arranged at waste disposal area base and forming the first layer thereof and secondary dams. The secondary dams are mainly arranged on alluvial beach and form the next layers of waste disposal area. Drain is formed along the secondary dam. One or more secondary dams are provided with apron covering alluvial beach and drain is formed on the apron. Several secondary dams may be provided with short or long aprons. Short and long aprons alternate in each layer along waste disposal area height. Drain is located on each long apron. Apron may be formed of ground material having permeability coefficient Ka defined as Ka<0.2K0, where K0 is permeability factor of alluvial beach waste. Waste disposal area may have shield formed at waste disposal area base and including drainage layer covering shield part abutting the primary dam. Drainage layer is provided with drainage pipe and has width, which exceeds length of the secondary dam apron. Waste disposal area may include several layers. As number of layers increases ratio of long and short apron lengths decreases. Drain may be formed as drainage belt and provided with drainage pipe. |
 Hydraulic fill section for industrial waste storage / 2262566Hydraulic fill section includes primary dam formed on base of the section, secondary dams and drainage system arranged in the base. Major part of each secondary dam is located on alleviation beach. Intake means of drainage system are made as drainage branches converging in water intake chamber arranged in the base of the section and spaced from its dam. Water intake chamber is communicated with water supply system of industrial plant by pump and by discharge water channel located in passageway adapted to maintain water intake chamber. At least one secondary dam is provided with apron, which covers alleviation beach. Apron has drain hydraulically communicating with draining branch of drainage system through additional water pass formed in waste arranged in the section. Drain may be formed as drainage belt and provided with drainage pipe. Draining branch may be of tubular type and arranged in trench. If water intake chamber of drainage system is located in spillaway well section water intake chamber may be arranged under the spillaway well and have common body with foundation thereof. In this case discharge water channel may be combined with discharge manifold of spillaway well and maintenance passage is formed inside above manifold. Additional water pass may be movably connected to drainage pipe of drainage belt by tubular member and by connection pipe provided with shutoff device. |
 Impervious member head arranged in crest area / 2267577Head comprises diaphragm built in impervious member in crest area. The diaphragm is made of concrete and has reinforcement extending the full height thereof. The diaphragm is also provided with anchoring panel arranged in lower diaphragm part. The extension has height of not less than 0.5 m and is fixedly secured to lower diaphragm surface. The diaphragm is formed by pumping nonfrost-susceptible mix into preliminarily thawed crest area and into impervious member head. The diaphragm is formed as pile of cohesive soil in crest area and impervious member head. The cohesive soil is introduced in preliminarily thawed crest area and in impervious member head for depth of not more that 0.5 m, wherein the diaphragm is covered with heat-shielding layer. Diaphragm at dam crest area and impervious member head is created by cementing dam crest and impervious member head. Cementing tubes arranged in cementing holes are used as the reinforcement. Cementing anchoring panel is arranged in lower diaphragm part. |
 Method for water retaining structure building, preferably in canyons with sides of water-permeable and water-tight ground layers / 2273690Method involves forming structure body, which abuts channel sides, wherein channel sides define inclined planes and are flattened in areas near water retaining structure; arranging watertight barriers, drainage and slopes of lower pool sides; arranging drainage of upper pool side slopes; flattening canyon sides and forming ledges in water-tight layers of upper and lower pool layers; creating opened channels along ledge surfaces near slope bottom; forming manifolds along longitudinal structure axis in upper and lower pools; communicating opened channels in upper pool with side drainage; communicating opened channels in lower pool with side drainage and with structure drainage and connecting thereof with manifolds opened in canyon, wherein the channels are spaced from the structure so that the most dangerous side surface of manifold slope ground failure wedge is beyond the structure body. |
 Flood-plain sludge pond for industrial waste / 2275457Sludge pond comprises ground basin defined by enclosing structure, trench arranged at sludge pone base between the enclosing structure and river, protective dam located between trench and river. Ridge of protective dam extends over maximal predicted level of water in river. Impervious protective dam member closes water-permeable layer at base thereof and is connected with aquiclude at dam depth. Trench bottom is below everyday water level in river. Trench interior communicates with water recycling system of industrial plant by water supply system. The sludge pond may be provided with drain arranged in waste and spaced from base. The drain extends along enclosing structure and is provided with vertical spaced apart water conduits. Upper end of each water conduit is hydraulically communicated with drain, lower one is communicated with water permeable base layer. Protective dam ridge height is selected from Ve≥Vd, where Ve is volume of emergency ground basin defined by protective dam, Vd is calculated volume of liquefied waste discharge from sludge pond in river direction. Drain may be formed as drainage band provided with drainage pipe. Impervious layer is created at drain base. |
 Gully two-stage slurry dump for granular industrial waste / 2275458Two-stage slurry dump comprises two ground dams, which intersect valley. Lower dam defines lower basin, upper dam defines upper basin. Dump comprises hillside ditches having lower ends arranged in lower pool of lower dam, hydraulic conveyance system, water supply means, which feeds water from settling pond to industrial plant. Upper dam is located on shore wastes, which are aggregated in lower basin up to predetermined level in front of dam. Upper dam and lower dam are spaced apart a distance enough to create basin for clarified water pond forming in front of upper part of lower dam. Upper dam is permeable dam to clean water and to permit water passage from settling pond of upper vessel into clarified water pond. The clarified water pond is made as opened pool or as a basin at least partly filled with coarse draining material. The slurry dump is provided with means to increase waste load-bearing capability located at upper dam base and with means to supply water from clarified water pond to industrial plant. |
 Method for dam and other fill structure construction / 2275461Method involves preparing base for dam erection; filling dam body with ground and compacting thereof. The ground material is sludge taken from aluminum waste sludge storage facility and consists of electric filter dust and residues of gas cleaning and flotation operations. The sludge is prepared by dewatering thereof to obtain 0.4-0.5 humidity. Then the sludge is compacted to provide porosity of not more than 0.60. |
FIELD: hydraulic engineering, particularly hydraulic-mine dumps.
SUBSTANCE: dump comprises spillaway well, discharge manifold and drainage system, which provides subsurface interception of waste water filtering out of storage section. Drainage system is formed in ground base of storage section. Water receiving sections thereof are made as draining branches converging one with another within water receiving chamber of drainage system and provided with separate shutoff means. Water receiving chamber is formed under spillaway well and shares a common body with foundation part of the well. Water receiving chamber hydraulically communicates with discharge manifold by pump and water conduit. Formed inside discharge manifold is passage relating to water receiving chamber. Draining branches may be tubular and are arranged in a trench and/or pressed into the ground base from water receiving chamber. Diverging ends of two draining branches arranged in trench may be connected by tubular draining means.
EFFECT: reduced volume of building work, increased reliability and maintainability.
3 cl, 4 dwg
The invention relates to hydraulic construction and can be used to create hydraulic mine dump industrial waste, such as ash and slag from thermal power plants, tailings radioparadise and other
Known hydraulic mine dump industrial waste containing housed in a section of storage spillway well, outlet manifold and samotechny drainage system, intercepting filter body section storing the waste water. This drainage system is hydraulically communicated with a discharge manifold directly through the water intake portion of the spillway well, decommissioned and washed waste [1], or by means of additional well placed in terms of over discharge header and communicated with him directly interfacing with the existing spillway well [2].
The disadvantage of such a hydraulic mine dump is that its gravity drainage system intercepts only a portion of the wastewater filtration from the storage section. Most of them penetrate into the subgrade sections and pollutes the natural groundwater, and the lower household (before waste) the level of natural ground water, the higher the degree of pollution.
Known hydraulic mine dump, in which the receiving elements of the drainage system which we made in the form of trench drain and placed in the soil under the storage section on its outer contour, and below household level natural groundwater [3]. In such a hydraulic mine dump when not deep groundwater aquitard and timely drainage of water from the drainage system possible quality intercept wastewater. However, when this occurs, the capture of trench drainage of large quantities of clean ground water, which reduces the efficiency of such a hydraulic mine dump.
Known hydraulic mine dump, similar to those described in which the capture of trench drainage pure natural water is prevented by the implementation of grout on the outside of trench drainage [4]. The disadvantage of such a hydraulic mine dump are the high cost of the device grout.
Known hydraulic mine dump containing placed in the soil under the storage section of the drainage system of the deep interception filter from section wastewater, collecting items which are made in the form of drainage rays, converging within the intake chamber, hydraulically communicated with the water supply system of the enterprise through a pump and conduit located in open intake chamber passage made in the form of a horizontal gallery or vertical shaft [5, 6].
The disadvantage of this hydraulic mine dump are the high costs of installation of cameras and maintenance it is rajoda, and poor reliability due to the complexity of operation of the drainage system and low maintainability its drainage rays.
The invention solves the problem of reducing costs by reducing the volume of construction work and improve their processability and increase reliability by simplifying the operation of the drainage system and improve its maintainability.
According to the present invention, a hydraulic mine dump industrial waste containing housed in a section of storage spillway well, and a discharge collector and drainage system deep interception filter from section storing the waste water. The drainage system is placed in the soil under the storage section, its collecting elements are in the form of drainage rays, converging within the intake chamber and provided it a separate locking devices. The water intake chamber under spillway well, has its base part of the housing and through the pump and conduit hydraulically communicated with a discharge manifold, inside which made the service water intake chamber passage.
Drainage rays made tubular and placed in the trench and/or depressed from the water intake chamber. It is advisable diverging ends of the two drainage is USA, located in the trench, hydraulically connecting tube drainage.
The essence of the technical solution lies primarily in the fact that the drainage chamber is under spillway well and has with him the General case. This in turn allowed the passage in the outlet chamber to combine with the discharge manifold. All this reduced the volume of the hydraulic mine dump and increased their adaptability and increased operational reliability of hydraulic mine dump.
Figure 1 shows a plan of hydraulic mine dump; figure 2 - section a-a in figure 1; figure 3 is a cross-section B-B in figure 1; figure 4 - section b-b In figure 1.
Hydraulic mine dump includes a completed waste management 1 and derived from cycle storage section 2 and fixed thereto, the storage section 3, ground capacitance which is formed by a dam 4. In the storage section 3 has two outlet well 5, each of which is communicated with the circulating water supply system (not shown) through a gravity discharge manifold 6, and gravity drainage system deep interception filter from the storage section 3 wastewater 7 placed in the earthen Foundation 8 below household level 9 natural groundwater.
The receiving elements of the drainage system made in the form of drainage rays 10, converging within two intake chambers 11, each of which is performed under water is sbresny well 5, has its base part 12 General housing 13 and through pump 14 and conduit 15 with a check valve 16 is hydraulically communicated with the outlet header 6.
Drain the beam contains 10 is placed in the trench 17 (3) perforated pipe 18, surrounded by the inverse filter 19, which is covered with a layer 20 subfilter material. Convergent end of each drain beam 10 within the receiving chamber 11 is equipped with a shut-off device 21, and each diverging end made free or connecting tube drainage 22 connected to the radiating end of another drainage beam 10 of the same to the receiving chamber 11 or docked to the divergent end of the drainage of the beam 10 other water-intake chamber 11.
Outlet manifold 6 is made in the form of concrete gallery 23 in the lower part where the discharge channel 24, and separated from it by a partition wall 25 of the upper part of the passage 26, serving the discharge channel 24 and the receiving chamber 11. Within the common housing 13 (2) the passage 26 through the cavity 27 is communicated with the receiving chamber 11, which in case of flooding equipped with emergency vertical stem in the form of a metal tube 28 (Fig 1)placed along a blank wall 29 of the spillway (santorni) part 30 spillway well 5 having a diameter of not less than 80 centimeters and used for exploits and as a ventilation channel.
With low domestic natural level of groundwater 9, and the lack in the operation of the storage section 3 performance placed in trenches 17 drainage rays 10 arrange drainage rays 31 (2) by pushing their links in the subgrade 8 of the catchment chamber 11 by known methods [7 and 8]. Along the perimeter of the storage section 3 and within the outlet manifold 6 suit of wells 32 security network.
The creation of hydraulic mine dump and its operation are as follows.
Simultaneously with the construction of the dam 4 created inside the storage section 3 arrange spillway wells 5, the discharge manifolds 6 and the elements of the drainage system: the water intake chamber 11 and the drain rays 10 and/or 31 (when necessary). After that, when closed in the catchment cameras shut-off device 21 in the storage section 3 through the pipeline (not shown) serves 1 waste, landfilling which provide education around water wells settling pond 33 wastewater 7 common to both wash wells 5 or separate for each of them (figure 2).
After coating, if necessary, the ground layer 8 waste 1 given thickness "a" (Fig 3) the opening of the locking devices 21 to drain the beams 10 and/or 31, and turning on the pumps 14 enables the drainage system is in.
The degree of opening of the shut-off device 21 and the maintenance through the pump 14 of a given level 34 waste water 7 to the receiving chambers 11 carry out diversion of collected wastewater 7 intensity, providing education in the earthen base 8 of depression cones 35 with the surface 36, which plan all the storage section 3. This prevents the formation under the storage section 3 dome spreading wastewater 7, prefiltermessage from this section in the form of a stream of droplets and provides a return from the ground wastewater profiltrovavshih in the initial period of waste storage.
Exhaust drainage system from the ground 8 outside the storage section 3 in the pool (not shown), the water is mostly from waste water and less of the natural soil received in the drainage system of the environmental section of the storage areas under the influence of hydraulic gradients toward the storage section. In the event of imbalance in the system water company intake of natural ground water in the drainage system limit or completely exclude by increasing the surface water in the depressional funnel and creating due to this near zero slope of the water surface along the perimeter of the storage section, and, if necessary, on the larger e is square. This is achieved by the cover locking devices 21 and/or by raising the level of 34 waste water into the recipient cells. 11.
The fullness of preventing pollution of groundwater by industrial waste control in wells 32 security network.
Hydraulic connection of the two drainage rays 10 connecting drainage 22 or mated to each other increases the maintainability of such drainage rays 10, which are washed with the use of pumps and compressors.
Access to the upper part of the water intake chamber 11 may, if desired, be carried out through the metal tube 28.
Sources used
1. The patent of Russian Federation №2164574, CL E 02 In 7/06, publ. 10.04.2001.
2. The patent of Russian Federation №2163950, CL E 02 In 7/06, epubl.
3. Hydraulic structures. The guide designer. /Under the General editorship of Niedrige VP - M.: stroiizdat, 1983, s-510, RIS, s-523, RES.
4. Niedrige VP of cut-off and drainage device of sludge bulk type//proceedings of the Institute "VODGEO" - Scientific research in the field of hydraulic structures water management systems industry. M: VNII "VODGEO", 1979, p.59, 2.
5. Agin VP, Weikum VA, powerengine VA and others To question the placement of the solid slurry waste CHP and other industries. //Hydrotechnical construction shall Elista. - 1998. No. 6, S.11-14, 2.
6. The application of the Russian Federation No. 96108314/13, CL E 02 3/16 In, publ. 20.07.1998.
7. From the experience of foreign technology. Radial intakes. //Hydrotechnical construction. - 1966. No. 11, pp.52-53.
8. Klimentov M.N., Fedorenko, I.N., Ecdysten A.S. and Vopilov A.S. experience in the construction of radial drainage systems underground wells and assessment of the effectiveness of their actions Gorn. - 2000. No. 9, s-15.
1. Hydraulic mine dump industrial waste containing housed in a section of storage spillway well, and a discharge collector and drainage system deep interception filter from section storing waste water, while the drainage system is placed in the soil under the storage section, its collecting elements are in the form of drainage rays, converging within the intake chamber and provided it a separate locking devices, and the receiving chamber under the spillway well, has its base part of the housing and through the pump and conduit hydraulically communicated with a discharge manifold, inside which made the service water intake chamber passage.
2. Hydraulic mine dump under item 1, in which the drainage rays made tubular and placed in the trench and/or embedded in the subgrade of the water intake chamber.
3. Hydraulic mine dump on p. 2, in which the diverging ends of the two drainage rays, placed in the trench and connected tube drainage.