Earth dan of permafrost base
 Earth dan of permafrost base / 2250296Invention relates to dam building in Northern regions. Proposed dam has upstream and downstream fills, diaphragm, transition layers and drain located in downstream fill. It has also heat curtain arranged in cross section of dam in zone of transition layers and made in form of row of successive holes, each furnished with at least one heating device. Number and pitch of holes and number and parameters of heating devices are chosen to keep transition layers and drain in zone of action of plus temperatures created by heat curtain. Resistance electric heater can be used as heating device. |
 Hydraulic-mine dump of industrial waste / 2252295Dump comprises spillaway well, discharge manifold and drainage system, which provides subsurface interception of waste water filtering out of storage section. Drainage system is formed in ground base of storage section. Water receiving sections thereof are made as draining branches converging one with another within water receiving chamber of drainage system and provided with separate shutoff means. Water receiving chamber is formed under spillaway well and shares a common body with foundation part of the well. Water receiving chamber hydraulically communicates with discharge manifold by pump and water conduit. Formed inside discharge manifold is passage relating to water receiving chamber. Draining branches may be tubular and are arranged in a trench and/or pressed into the ground base from water receiving chamber. Diverging ends of two draining branches arranged in trench may be connected by tubular draining means. |
 Earth-filled dam built on permafrost ground / 2258780Dam comprises upstream and downstream fills, crest, impervious member and transition layers located adjacent to the member. Dam has heat shield arranged between impervious member and the nearest intermediate layer and made as a row of successively formed wells. Wells are provided with at least one heating device. Depth, number of wells and pitch of the wells, as well as heating device parameters are chosen to subject impervious member and the nearest intermediate layer separated with heat shield to positive temperatures created by the heat shield. Electric heater or liquid heat-transfer medium may be used as the heating device. |
 Industrial waste disposal area / 2261952Waste disposal area has primary flood-breaking dam arranged at waste disposal area base and forming the first layer thereof and secondary dams. The secondary dams are mainly arranged on alluvial beach and form the next layers of waste disposal area. Drain is formed along the secondary dam. One or more secondary dams are provided with apron covering alluvial beach and drain is formed on the apron. Several secondary dams may be provided with short or long aprons. Short and long aprons alternate in each layer along waste disposal area height. Drain is located on each long apron. Apron may be formed of ground material having permeability coefficient Ka defined as Ka<0.2K0, where K0 is permeability factor of alluvial beach waste. Waste disposal area may have shield formed at waste disposal area base and including drainage layer covering shield part abutting the primary dam. Drainage layer is provided with drainage pipe and has width, which exceeds length of the secondary dam apron. Waste disposal area may include several layers. As number of layers increases ratio of long and short apron lengths decreases. Drain may be formed as drainage belt and provided with drainage pipe. |
 Hydraulic fill section for industrial waste storage / 2262566Hydraulic fill section includes primary dam formed on base of the section, secondary dams and drainage system arranged in the base. Major part of each secondary dam is located on alleviation beach. Intake means of drainage system are made as drainage branches converging in water intake chamber arranged in the base of the section and spaced from its dam. Water intake chamber is communicated with water supply system of industrial plant by pump and by discharge water channel located in passageway adapted to maintain water intake chamber. At least one secondary dam is provided with apron, which covers alleviation beach. Apron has drain hydraulically communicating with draining branch of drainage system through additional water pass formed in waste arranged in the section. Drain may be formed as drainage belt and provided with drainage pipe. Draining branch may be of tubular type and arranged in trench. If water intake chamber of drainage system is located in spillaway well section water intake chamber may be arranged under the spillaway well and have common body with foundation thereof. In this case discharge water channel may be combined with discharge manifold of spillaway well and maintenance passage is formed inside above manifold. Additional water pass may be movably connected to drainage pipe of drainage belt by tubular member and by connection pipe provided with shutoff device. |
 Impervious member head arranged in crest area / 2267577Head comprises diaphragm built in impervious member in crest area. The diaphragm is made of concrete and has reinforcement extending the full height thereof. The diaphragm is also provided with anchoring panel arranged in lower diaphragm part. The extension has height of not less than 0.5 m and is fixedly secured to lower diaphragm surface. The diaphragm is formed by pumping nonfrost-susceptible mix into preliminarily thawed crest area and into impervious member head. The diaphragm is formed as pile of cohesive soil in crest area and impervious member head. The cohesive soil is introduced in preliminarily thawed crest area and in impervious member head for depth of not more that 0.5 m, wherein the diaphragm is covered with heat-shielding layer. Diaphragm at dam crest area and impervious member head is created by cementing dam crest and impervious member head. Cementing tubes arranged in cementing holes are used as the reinforcement. Cementing anchoring panel is arranged in lower diaphragm part. |
 Method for water retaining structure building, preferably in canyons with sides of water-permeable and water-tight ground layers / 2273690Method involves forming structure body, which abuts channel sides, wherein channel sides define inclined planes and are flattened in areas near water retaining structure; arranging watertight barriers, drainage and slopes of lower pool sides; arranging drainage of upper pool side slopes; flattening canyon sides and forming ledges in water-tight layers of upper and lower pool layers; creating opened channels along ledge surfaces near slope bottom; forming manifolds along longitudinal structure axis in upper and lower pools; communicating opened channels in upper pool with side drainage; communicating opened channels in lower pool with side drainage and with structure drainage and connecting thereof with manifolds opened in canyon, wherein the channels are spaced from the structure so that the most dangerous side surface of manifold slope ground failure wedge is beyond the structure body. |
 Flood-plain sludge pond for industrial waste / 2275457Sludge pond comprises ground basin defined by enclosing structure, trench arranged at sludge pone base between the enclosing structure and river, protective dam located between trench and river. Ridge of protective dam extends over maximal predicted level of water in river. Impervious protective dam member closes water-permeable layer at base thereof and is connected with aquiclude at dam depth. Trench bottom is below everyday water level in river. Trench interior communicates with water recycling system of industrial plant by water supply system. The sludge pond may be provided with drain arranged in waste and spaced from base. The drain extends along enclosing structure and is provided with vertical spaced apart water conduits. Upper end of each water conduit is hydraulically communicated with drain, lower one is communicated with water permeable base layer. Protective dam ridge height is selected from Ve≥Vd, where Ve is volume of emergency ground basin defined by protective dam, Vd is calculated volume of liquefied waste discharge from sludge pond in river direction. Drain may be formed as drainage band provided with drainage pipe. Impervious layer is created at drain base. |
 Gully two-stage slurry dump for granular industrial waste / 2275458Two-stage slurry dump comprises two ground dams, which intersect valley. Lower dam defines lower basin, upper dam defines upper basin. Dump comprises hillside ditches having lower ends arranged in lower pool of lower dam, hydraulic conveyance system, water supply means, which feeds water from settling pond to industrial plant. Upper dam is located on shore wastes, which are aggregated in lower basin up to predetermined level in front of dam. Upper dam and lower dam are spaced apart a distance enough to create basin for clarified water pond forming in front of upper part of lower dam. Upper dam is permeable dam to clean water and to permit water passage from settling pond of upper vessel into clarified water pond. The clarified water pond is made as opened pool or as a basin at least partly filled with coarse draining material. The slurry dump is provided with means to increase waste load-bearing capability located at upper dam base and with means to supply water from clarified water pond to industrial plant. |
 Method for dam and other fill structure construction / 2275461Method involves preparing base for dam erection; filling dam body with ground and compacting thereof. The ground material is sludge taken from aluminum waste sludge storage facility and consists of electric filter dust and residues of gas cleaning and flotation operations. The sludge is prepared by dewatering thereof to obtain 0.4-0.5 humidity. Then the sludge is compacted to provide porosity of not more than 0.60. |
FIELD: hydraulic engineering.
SUBSTANCE: invention relates to dam building in Northern regions. Proposed dam has upstream and downstream fills, diaphragm, transition layers and drain located in downstream fill. It has also heat curtain arranged in cross section of dam in zone of transition layers and made in form of row of successive holes, each furnished with at least one heating device. Number and pitch of holes and number and parameters of heating devices are chosen to keep transition layers and drain in zone of action of plus temperatures created by heat curtain. Resistance electric heater can be used as heating device.
EFFECT: improved reliability of dam and operation of drain.
2 cl, 3 dwg
The present invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering construction construction in North-climatic zone, in areas of permafrost soil, serve as the basis of hydraulic structures, and can be used in the design, construction and operation of dams located in this zone.
It is known that groundwater dam, constructed in the Northern construction-climatic zone, built and operated according to two principles: preserving permafrost in the body and cause dam - 1st principle (frozen) and allow the thawing soil base of the dam during operation - the 2nd principle (thawed).
Known groundwater dam, operated by 1 basis, including paired with the base core or screen, upper and lower prisms (see, for example, as the USSR №331150, 1486558, E 02 In 7/06). For reliable operation of these dams need to ensure the safety cutoff device and substrate in a frozen state, which in the dam body and the base are arranged artificial permafrost of the veil.
The prototype of the proposed technical solutions chosen, an earthen dam on permafrost base, including horse and grassroots prism, the core, transition layers and located in the downstream prism drainage (see attached drawing About What About “Lengidroproekt No. 1562-10-28, Ust-Srednekanskaya HPP on R. the Kolyma. The earthen dam. St. Petersburg, 1997). The dam is projected on the 2nd (thawed) principle. However, it actually works as telomerase the construction, as warming effect of the reservoir horse prism of the dam is in a thawed state, and grassroots prism under the influence of negative average annual air temperatures (-12° (C) freeze and merges with the permafrost Foundation soils. Temperature field downstream resistant prism dam is non-stationary in nature (hereinafter illustrated graphic materials). Over time the boundary between thawed and frozen soils is shifted into the base and close to the transition layer and the core (the screen) with their partial freezing.
Drainage, located in the downstream prism dam and designed to drain prefiltermessage through the body and base of the dam water is frozen part of the dam and ceases to function.
Resistant prism dams made of riprap within a short period of time (2-5 years) freeze completely fill the pores in the sketch ice, merge with permafrost Foundation soils and lose the ability to take in the lower reach prefiltermessage water.
As a result of thermal processes on frozen logr Neveu resistant prism there is a second pressure horizon, create abnormal and dangerous to the operation of dams situations that were recorded on the number of existing waterworks. To avoid this situation, you must match the calculated and the actual working conditions of the elements of the dams, to create the constant temperature mode, a transition layer and the drainage with positive temperatures.
The present invention is directed to solving the task of creating a design of earth dams on permafrost basis, providing a constant temperature mode, a transition layer and drainage to prevent freezing of these elements of the dam during the construction and operation of its in harsh temperature conditions North building-climate zones.
The solution of the stated problem is achieved by an earthen dam on permafrost base, including horse and grassroots prism, the core, transition layers and located in the downstream prism drainage, contains thermal curtain which is placed in the cross section of the dam, in the area of transition layers, and is made in the form of successive sets of wells, each equipped with at least one heating device, the number and spacing of wells, and the number and parameters of the heating devices is selected so that the transition is s layers and drainage are within range of positive temperatures, created curtain.
The heating device can be selected ohmic heater.
The applicant is not aware of any technical solutions that have the same set of attributes, as claimed. This allows us to conclude that the proposed solution meets the criterion of “novelty”.
Thanks to the implementation of the distinguishing features of the proposed technical solutions together with characteristics in common with the prototype, the proposed technical solution appears a new property: thermal curtain allows you to accurately set and maintain the boundary between thawed and frozen parts of the dam, preventing freezing transition layers and its drainage, which allows to achieve the purpose of the invention.
This circumstance, according to the applicant, it is considered that the proposed technical solution meets the criterion of “inventive step”.
The invention is illustrated in the drawings, where figure 1 shows the proposed dam cross section; figure 2 separately shows the wells, forming a thermal curtain; figure 3 illustrates the temperature field, typical earth dam without thermal curtains, constructed and operated to melt.
An earthen dam was built on permafrost core is the so called (line item is not marked). It includes horse prism 1, downstream of the prism 2, the core 3 and transitional layers 4. In grassroots prism 2 is located drainage 5. In the zone of transition layers 4 made of a heat curtain 6, representing the number of consecutive wells 7 (figure 2), each of which contains a resistive heater (not shown) with radius R warming action. The number and step L wells 7, as well as the number and parameters of the heating devices, are chosen so that the transition layers 4 and drain 5 are constantly in range of positive temperatures (melt zone)created curtain 6, the Boundary between thawed and frozen soils indicated position 8. Position 9 figure 3 shows the boundaries between thawed and frozen soils, typical earth dam without thermal curtains, constructed and operated to melt the principle, in different periods of time.
The proposed earthen dam operates as follows.
Due to the action of thermal energy emitted ohmic heaters, clearly defined and supported by a permanent boundary 8 between thawed and frozen parts of the dam. When this transition layers 4 and drain 5 are in the melt zone and in the process, dams provide continuous drainage prefiltermessage water in the lower reach. This eliminates the possibility is ü freezing of these elements, ensure compliance estimated and actual schemes of work elements of the dam. Thereby increase the reliability and safety of operation of dams, as excluded hazardous situations linked with non-stationary temperature in the body of the dam, constructed on permafrost in the Northern construction-climatic zone.
The proposed solution can be implemented using the well-known structural elements and technologies that determines, according to the applicant, compliance with a criterion of “industrial applicability”.
1. An earthen dam on permafrost base, including horse and grassroots prism, the core, transition layers and located in the downstream prism drainage, characterized in that it contains thermal curtain which is placed in the cross section of the dam in the area of transition layers and made in the form of successive sets of wells, each equipped with at least one heating device, the number and spacing of wells, and the number and parameters of the heating device are chosen so that the transition layers and drainage are within range of positive temperatures, heat generated by the veil.
2. An earthen dam under item 1, characterized in that a heating device is VA selected ohmic heater.