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Method for extraction of mineral resources. RU patent 2247241.

IPC classes for russian patent Method for extraction of mineral resources. RU patent 2247241. (RU 2247241):

E21C41 - Methods of mining or quarrying; Open-pit mining; Layouts therefor

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Underground extraction method / 2246617
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Method of joined development of oil and potassium deposits / 2244107
Invention comprises following scheme. Oil is produced from producing wells. Potassium salts are extracted from mines and processed. Solutions are pumped into deep lying porous rock formations preliminarily revealed between oil-bearing and potassium formations. Those porous rock formations are chosen which are located below underlying stone salt. Pumping of solutions is effected through injecting wells until pressure drop in oil-bearing formation is compensated to a value sufficient to prevent deformation in potassium formations, this value being calculated using special math formula. Oil formation is then run while maintaining compensating pressure in chosen porous formation.

FIELD: mining industry.

SUBSTANCE: method includes open extraction and removal of mineral resource via extraction chambers with preventive blocks between them and following backfill of chambers. Within limits of extracted deposit three working areas are formed: preparatory - for open operations, main - for open and underground operations and final - for dumping and re-cultivation, areas are formed successively with delay concurrently via width and height of bed, while preparatory area is formed discontinuously, with preventive blocks with non-disturbed surface no more than 600 meters long along bed width. During process of open and underground operations working tool of complex is initially placed in position for its longitudinal axis at angle 30-150° in horizontal plane to axis of bed width, during later entries working tool of complex is displaced with altering position of its longitudinal axis in given range of angles with step 0.5-2°, after which procedure in analogical way preparatory blocks are extracted starting from their ends.

EFFECT: broader functional capabilities, higher productiveness.

4 cl, 1 dwg

The invention relates to the field of mining and can be used in open-pit and underground mining of minerals, particularly coal at angles of inclination up to 30°located both outside and within the end of the circuit Board career, including suites, with a capacity of coal seams from 0.6 m or more.

Applications can be newly constructed and existing companies that are on the stage of open development and has already proven career fields, completion stocks all sorts of ends, sides and bottom of the quarry, under natural and artificial obstacles (dumps, bridges, reservoirs), practicing substandard and abandoned stocks.

Currently, opencast mining has preference in comparison with the development of the underground due to such factors as high performance and the degree of mechanization processes, lower costs, better statistics security, a higher percentage of extraction of minerals.

However, the extraction of minerals by open method is accompanied by the following problems:

1. The scope is limited to the depth of mining or limit the Stripping ratio.

2. The deposits have been mined along strike with a very low rate uglubki of 5-10 m/g, with a total depth of testing up to 300 meters

In the initial period of operation of the oxidation zone is extracted products of lower quality.

Low rate uglubki determines the redundancy of the existing front for the entire life of the company for 30 years or more, this requires long-term maintenance of the excessive length of all types of communications; there is a necessity for maximum terms of land, to increase the area of disturbed land; stage remediation is transferred to the last phase of mine development, when the cost of production reaches its maximum.

3. With the deepening of mining dramatically increase drilling and blasting and Stripping operations, the transportation distance of the rock mass, the need for areas for dumping.

4. When the limit of the ratio of overburden mining is completed, infrastructure and communications are subject to removal or, in most cases, natural destruction and degradation (looting).

5. Aggravated environmental problems associated with withdrawal from economic circulation and disturbance of land, disturbance of terrain, flora, fauna, hydrology, terrain, pollution of water and air.

Not less problems and has underground method of mining.

Many fields have a category of stocks that are not technologically nor for the public nor for underground mining methods, belong to this category:

- secondarye reserves cuts (beyond economically feasible technical boundaries);

- near-surface reserves of the mines, working out which underground inadmissible for security reasons, and open unprofitable;

- the fields, lying in the untapped areas with poorly developed infrastructure, which cannot be quickly involved in the operation because of the high capital investment;

the subsoil with relatively small reserves of coal and layers of low power.

In connection with the above is the actual search for new technological solutions for the mining of mineral deposits.

Known methods combined open-pit and underground reservoir development in a classic combination of open pit and underground operations, with the status of the main technological process (see EN 2151291, E 21 C 40/00, 1998, EN 2099524, E 21 41/00, 1997, EN 2117155, E 21 41/00, 1998).

The disadvantages of these methods are large losses of minerals in the pillars between the open production area of underground mining operations, as well as in the pillars between the underground workings and in the ends of longwalls.

The complexity of the extraction and transportation of minerals associated with the reversals of the complex, the great danger of the works at the exit of the complex on the surface, the low level of mechanization processes.

The impossibility of complex operation at negative temperatures when entering it into the reservoir. The use of the method is possible only with significant interbed thickness, when part of the overlying layer does not affect its integrity.

In addition, the method is not possible for testing and inclined steeply dipping deposits.

Known methods open-pit and underground reservoir development with the use of such special units to extract coal from the ground with an open surface, as SNCO-drilling machine, the developers of thin layers (see US 4589700, 1986, WO 92/10644, 1992, WO 95/02746, 1995, SU 823577, 1981, SU 1051280, 1983). Data known methods have their limitations and are not widely spread.

The closest to the technical nature of the proposed method is a method of mining minerals from the sides of pits and trenches using complex open-pit and underground development (head gear) with sectional conveyor or multilink screw conveyor, comprising an open design and excavation of minerals by benches with education excavation cameras and leaving between them a tape of the safety pillar, followed by the mined-out space (see WO 92/10644, 1992, WO 95/02746, 1995).

This known method involves the installation of complex specified design hosted its longitudinal axis at right angles to the axis of the stretch layer and the periodic movement of the complex along the flanges on the thickness of the belt pillar for drilling the next excavation chamber.

The disadvantage of this method is that it is designed for testing mineral only after reaching the open mining limit ratio, only low-power, single, horizontal or slightly inclined layers and is used in limited cases as an auxiliary process at the final stage of surface mining. Way not enough productive due to frequent movements of the complex to the new workings. A large number of tunnels stretched for a considerable distance, is causing a massive disturbance of the ground surface. The equipment is prolonged downtime associated with waiting for the scope of work, utilization calendar Fund-time equipment is in the range of 0.2-0.3.

The objective of the invention is to expand the scope of the method of mining mineral resources, improve productivity and utilization calendar Fund-time equipment, as well as greater environmental friendliness of the process by increasing the safety of the earth and the completeness of the extraction of minerals.

The task is solved in that in open cut mining from the sides of pits and trenches or other excavations using complex (head gear) with sectional conveyor or multilink screw conveyor, the excavation of minerals produced by the benches with education excavation cameras and leaving between them a safety pillar, followed by the mined-out space.

According to the invention within the boundaries of being mined Deposit form three working areas: training for public works, main for open-pit and underground operations and final - dumping and reclamation areas form a series with a lag of more than 20 meters at the same time along strike and dip. The prep area is formed discretely, with alternating regions exposing the coal seam and pillars with undisturbed surface of a length of 600 meters along the strike of the formation.

Excavation of coal originally manufactured with plot uncovered coal, the complex is set in a position in which the longitudinal axis of the working body is at an angle of 30-150° to the axis of the stretch of the reservoir in the horizontal plane. When drilling each subsequent production of the working body of the fan-shaped complex move to change the position of its longitudinal axis in the specified range of angles in increments of 0.5-2°after which similarly produce mining of pillars with ends, not breaking the surface topography.

When the layer thickness of more than 5 m is layered excavation of coal. With the tab openings in the recess starts in a layer of soil formation on an upward trajectory consistently rising tiers of layers in the layer thickness to the roof axial or non-axial layers workings. Each subsequent layer is being specially produced landfilling of breed platform height equal to the height of the previous tier (up to 5 m), and width needed to accommodate complex (20-30 m). Cycles in the sequence: excavation of coal, backfill excavations, the dumping ground, repeat until full testing of the reservoir capacity. As a result, after the mining of coal remains buried develop almost at full capacity of the reservoir, which reduces the cost of reclamation of waste land.

Without bookmarks workings practicing tiers is in the reverse order on a downward trajectory tier from the roof of the reservoir and terminates layer on the soil layer only layers of aligned openings.

Dredging coal begin with specially filled from the rock platform height equal to the thickness of minus 5 m (height of the first layer), and width needed to accommodate complex (20-30 m). For testing the underlying layer is removed ground to a height of excavation layer (up to 5 m). Cycles in the sequence: excavation of coal, deleting fields, repeat until full testing of the reservoir capacity. As a result, after the mining of coal requires additional backfill waste site for reclamation.

Practicing suites layers produced by the above-described technology in ascending order with the tab openings and the subsequent filling of the working platform or descending order without bookmarks with the preliminary dumping a working platform, and then with subsequent removal sequentially, starting from the bottom or top of the reservoir, a reciprocating path.

Preparatory area is formed on the front layer as parallel to the axis of the stretch layer and the slope or stepped oglebay relative to the initial horizon mining-axis stretch of the reservoir.

The method is as follows. The extraction of minerals produced from the initial formation within the boundaries of the field three working areas:

preparatory or areas of public works,

- main or zone is a complex operation (head gear),

- the final area for stacking and reclaiming.

The formation of zones produce consistently with a small gap in more than 20 metres apart along strike and dip at the same time, which gives you the opportunity to work minerals directly to the project depth and then to perform the reclamation.

The sizes of the working zones, the distance between them, the speed and direction of their movement determined on the basis of security, minimum environmental impact, productivity mining equipment and power of the fossil.

Preparatory zone form of discrete alternating regions exposing the coal seam and pillars with undisturbed surface of a length of 600 meters along the strike of the formation.

Development of these pillars make the ends, thereby reducing the degree of disturbance of the ground surface along the front stretch of the reservoir 50 to 70%.

Creating aggregated up to 600 m in front plots with undisturbed surface and practicing with their end faces is provided by the characteristics of the formation excavation cameras (fan-shaped) and the capabilities of the equipment to develop to a depth of 300 meters

Installation of the complex in the starting position at which the longitudinal axis of the working body is located at an angle selected from a range of 30-150° to the axis of the stretch layer, enables the development of a reservoir of minerals in a wide range of angle of incidence and power. When starting the installation of complex selection of specific values of the angle of rotation axis of the working body about the axis of the stretch layer within the above range of values depends on the power and angle of incidence of the reservoir, the level of acceptable losses of coal, geometry, terrain preparation area and can vary up to 120°.

For the formation of regular excavation camera work body complex move (expand), changing the angular position of its longitudinal axis. Moving produce fan-shaped in a selected range of angles in increments of 0.5-2°. A selection step of moving the axis of the working body of the complex depends on the strength and stability of the wall rock, and the location of the reservoir (in particular, the higher the resistance of the breed, the smaller may be the step of moving the working body, and Vice versa). Simultaneously, the complex is moved a slight distance along the side. The formation of the extraction chambers thus allows in turn to minimize disturbance of the surface relief on the front stretch of the reservoir, because the testing in this case produce a compact, small work areas to the same post-treatment in a similar manner preparatory pillars with their ends provides a high completeness of the extraction layer.

Without bookmarks workings practicing tiers is in the reverse order on a downward trajectory tier from the roof of the reservoir and terminates layer on the soil layer only coaxial layers workings.

Cycles in the sequence: excavation of coal, deleting fields, repeat until full testing of the reservoir capacity.

Practicing suites layers is performed sequentially, starting from the bottom or top of the reservoir, a reciprocating motion trajectory of the complex in the working area, which is the best scheme for economic and organizational settings. Practicing suites layers is performed in ascending order with the tab openings and the subsequent filling of the working platform or descending order without bookmarks with the preliminary dumping a working platform, and then its subsequent removal.

The formation of the preparatory working area on the front stretch of the layer with a gradient or step oglebay allows you to increase the depth of mine.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a top view of the area of reservoir development. Legend: a - length of the preparatory pillars, ∠α - the angle between the longitudinal axis of the working body of the complex and the axis of the stretch layer, 1 - excavation camera front, 2 - excavation chamber in the area of mining preparatory pillars.

The complex is set in the formulation, prepared in an open way. The working body (harvester) surubaya into the formation at an angle αequal 30-150° and creates an inclined rectangular excavation chamber height equal to 1-5 m every 6 m working body increasing section of the conveyor and the cycle is repeated until the depth of 300 m Width of the excavation chamber is 3.5 m Then also on sections of the working body is extracted to the surface, and the mouth of the excavation chamber sprinkled breed to the height, exclude accidental people, animals, etc.

For testing of the next camera complex turn on angle of 0.5-2° with a slight move it along the sides and cycle extraction is repeated. The internal angle between the extreme excavation cells can differentiate within 120°.

The reservoir capacity of more than 5 m work in layers. Left pillars between the zones fulfil the ends for fan-shaped pattern.

System performance when used within the stated way up to 10 thousand tons per day. The navigation system allows you to automatically work out the reservoir at full capacity, but also to withstand the thickness of the supporting pillar (wedge-shaped) throughout the workings. Minerals, such as coal, recoverable when carrying out excavations, the conveyor is unloaded from the back of the complex to the working area, then loaded by forklift onto dump trucks and transported to the intermediate storage and then to consumers in railway wagons.

The technical result to be obtained by the use of the invention lies in the possibility of involvement in the development of previously inaccessible due to technological reasons stocks with the mining right for the project depth while reducing the environmental load by reducing the area of disturbed land, and reduction of terms of land reclamation and return them in the economic turnover.

The advantage of the inventive method is the ability to mine the deposits of almost any type and in any stage of testing, including initial. By expanding the field of application, it becomes possible to transfer technology from the category of limited mainstream.

1. The method of mining minerals from the pitwall, trenches or other excavations using complex open-pit and underground development (head gear), including an open design and excavation of minerals extraction chambers, leaving between them a safety pillar and the subsequent laying of the camera, characterized in that the boundaries of being mined Deposit form three working areas: training for public works, main for open-pit and underground operations and final - dumping and reclamation zone is formed in series with the gap at the same time along strike and dip, and prep area formed discretely, leaving the preparatory pillars with undisturbed surface length of not more than 600 m along the strike of the formation, while in the process of open-pit and underground works working body of the complex is initially set to the location of its longitudinal axis at an angle of 30-150° in the horizontal plane to the axis of the stretch layer, subsequent benches working body of the fan-shaped complex move to change the position of its longitudinal axis in the specified range of angles in increments of 0.5-2°after which similarly produce practicing preparatory pillars with their ends.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the open-pit and underground operation start layer from the roof of the reservoir, complete layer on the ground layer axial or non-axial layers.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the testing Suite layers are produced sequentially, starting from the top seam to bottom, a reciprocating path.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the preparatory zone to be moved along the front stretch of the reservoir horizontally, with a slope or stepped oglebay.