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Absorbent porous polymeric macrostructure, absorbent and method for producing porous absorbent polymer macrostructure
Absorbent porous polymeric macrostructure, absorbent and method for producing porous absorbent polymer macrostructure
IPC classes for russian patent Absorbent porous polymeric macrostructure, absorbent and method for producing porous absorbent polymer macrostructure (RU 2099093):
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(57) Abstract:

Use: in the manufacture of absorbent material, and hygiene products, absorbent and exudate body. The inventive absorbent porous polymeric macrostructure consists of particles practically water-insoluble absorbent gidrogeneratsia polymer and has a dry volume of more than 10 mm3. It is derived cross-linking of the polymer particles to each other cross-linking agent, taken in an amount of 0.01 - 30.00 wt.h. on 100 wt.h. polymer particles, under conditions of continuous contact of the particles together with the formation of the pores are interconnected through permeable to the fluid channels. The absorbent contains an absorbent layer, one or several porous absorbent polymer macrostructure. The absorbent layer is located between the upper permeable to the liquid layer and connected with it the lower impermeable to the liquid layer. Properties when in contact with liquid: microstructure swells isotropically in conditions of moderate compression, has a high absorption capacity and swelling preserves its structure. 3 C. and 10 C.p. f-crystals, 10 ill.

The present invention relates to absorbent p is picavet such fluid. More specifically the present invention relates to the macrostructure, which is, in particular, sheet material, film or strip. Such absorbent polymer macrostructure are porous and thus permeable to liquids. These porous, absorbent, polymeric macrostructure can be used by themselves or absorbents, particularly in the towels (napkins, diapers), blotting blocks for adults suffering from incontinence, sanitary diapers and the like. The present invention relates also to a method of manufacturing such a porous absorbent polymer macrostructure.

From U.S. patent N 4610678, CL 604 368 (A 61 L 13/1 b), published. 1986 known absorbent product comprising interconnected upper permeable to the liquid layer and the bottom waterproof layer to the agreement concluded between them absorbent layer from a mixture of hydrophilic fibers with particles gidrogeneratsia carboxyl-containing water-insoluble polymer.

From U.S. patent N 4734478, CL 527 300 (C 08 J 3/24), published. 1988, known absorbent polymer material of the particles gidrogeneratsia water-insoluble polymer, strukturirovannogo agent, accordingly, 100 0,001 10. The patent States that the purpose of patent-protected method is getting a little dusty, not liivamagi, free flowing particles to solve some technological problems. This indicates that the agglomeration of particles is extremely undesirable.

The aim of the present invention is to provide absorbent, polymeric macrostructure, which has a porosity that remains intact and is capable of transporting the liquid even after saturation excess amount of liquid, in which particles are a component of the predecessor, and pores retain their relative geometry and spatial relationship even after saturation excess fluid.

An additional objective of the present invention is the creation of the absorbent polymer microstructure, permeability for liquids with which the swelling increases.

Another additional objective of the present invention is to provide improved absorbent products (in particular towels, napkins, diapers or sanitary diapers) in the material which are absorbent, polymeric macrostructure of the present invention.

This particle is practically water-insoluble absorbent gidrogeneratsia polymer, processed cross-linking agent under conditions of cross-linking of the molecules of the polymer, characterized in that it is formed during the cross-linkage of the polymer particles to each other cross-linking agent, taken in an amount of 0.01 30.00 wt. on 100 wt. including polymer particles, under conditions of continuous contact of the particles together with the formation of the pores are interconnected through permeable to the liquid channels, and has a dry volume of more than 10 mm3.

In absorbent porous polymeric macrostructure according to the invention are preferably particles are practically water-insoluble absorbent gidrogeneratsia polymer have a mass-average size of less than 600 microns, mostly less than 300 microns.

Absorbent porous polymeric macrostructure according to the invention preferably contains as a reinforcing and conductive fluid element fibrous material.

In absorbent porous polymeric macrostructure according to the invention are preferably particles of absorbent gidrogeneratsia polymer optionally subjected to surface stitching.

Preferably absorbent porous polymeric macrostructure according to the invention the particles of absorbent Hydra is Vuh functional groups, able to interact with the carboxyl groups of the polymer.

In absorbent porous polymeric macrostructure according to the invention, in particular, the particles of absorbent gidrogeneratsia polymer made of a polymer selected from the group comprising fully or partially hydrolyzed graft copolymer of starch and Acrylonitrile grafted copolymer of starch and acrylic acid, partially hydrolyzed graft copolymer of starch and acrylic acid graft copolymer of starch and acrylic acid, saponified copolymer of vinyl acetate and acrylic ester, hydrolyzed copolymer of Acrylonitrile and acrylamide, the product of partial crosslinking of the named copolymers, partially neutralized polyacrylic acid or the product of partial crosslinking of partially neutralized polyacrylic acid.

In absorbent porous polymeric macrostructure according to the invention is more specifically crosslinking agent is a compound selected from the group comprising polyhydric alcohol, a simple polyester, polisilicon, polyamine and the polyisocyanate.

Absorbent porous polymeric macrostructure according to the invention is preferably in the form of a sheet with tolaasii from the upper layer, made of permeable for liquid material, connected to a lower layer made from non-permeable to the liquid material, and located between the upper and lower layer of the absorbent layer, wherein the absorbent layer contains one or more porous absorbent polymer microstructure as described above.

Another object of the invention is a method of obtaining porous absorbent polymer macrostructure processing of the particles is practically water-insoluble absorbent gidrogeneratsia polymer cross-linking agent under conditions of cross-linking of the molecules of the polymer, characterized in that carry out cross-linking of the polymer particles to each other cross-linking agent, taken in an amount of 0.01 30.00 wt. hours at 100 wt. including polymer particles, under conditions of continuous contact of the particles with each other.

In the method according to the invention preferably as particles of absorbent hydrohloride polymer used particles of partially crosslinked with a low degree of crosslinking of partially neutralized polyacrylic acid, and as a cross-linking agent is used as a compound selected from the group including trimethylolpropane, Etiler the second stitching polymer particles is carried out at 170 220oC for 0.5 to 3.0 hours

In the method according to the invention is preferably cross-linking of the polymer particles is carried out in the presence of water and/or organic solvent.

Absorbent porous polymeric macrostructure according to the invention is a structured agglomerate particles, which contains many particles predecessor practically water-insoluble, absorbent, forming a hydrogel polymer material, and organizational or cross-linking agent particles reacting with the polymer material particles of the precursor with the formation of cross-links between different particles predecessor. Due to the fact that particles predecessor discrete, between adjacent particles of the precursor formed pores. These pores are interconnected connecting channels, allowing the macrostructure is permeable to the liquid, i.e. has a capillary transport channels/.

Due to the presence of cross-links formed between particles of the precursor, which form a structured unit, end macrostructure has improved structural integrity, increased capacity for liquids which contact the macrostructure with liquids macrostructure usually swells isotropically even under conditions of moderate limited pressure, absorb such liquid particles predecessor and absorb these fluids pores. This isotropic swelling of the microstructure allows the particles of the precursor and then to maintain their relative geometry and spatial relationship even in the swollen state. Thus, these macrostructure relatively "resistant to movement" in the sense that the particles of the precursor are not separated from each other, allowing reduced to the minimum scope of hellocarbide and stored capillary channels, which can increase swelling, resulting macrostructure is able to accommodate and transport a subsequent portion of the liquid, even the excess liquid.

The main significant difference of this invention from U.S. patent N 4734478 are the conditions of processing particles predecessor gidrogeneratsia polymer cross-linking agent. According to the U.S. patent, these substances are mixed with vigorous stirring and continue the stirring all the time they are in contact, when the crosslinking In this case, as follows from the text of the patent, it is necessary to prevent interparticle cross-linking. Moreover, the implementation of mixing in such oklahomaariana their appropriate measures are taken. Thus, the product of the way for U.S. patent is a free flowing particles of a certain form.

In contrast, according to the invention, the mixed particles of the polymer and crosslinking agent only at the moment of mixing. Then during the crosslinking agent, the weight not only remains stationary, but steps are being taken to minimize any force or voltage dissociation (separation) of particles, such as power or voltage can disrupt the formation of interparticle cross-linking.

In U.S. patent actually stated drying in a thin layer on a conveyor belt, but there is no indication that you should take any measures to interparticle crosslinking with the education system of the type obtained according to the invention. In the description of this application clearly States that you must maintain physical Association (Association) particles predecessor gidrogeneratsia polymer. By the way, according to the invention is porous polymeric macrostructure with the characteristics listed above.

Porous, absorbent, polymeric macrostructure of the present invention pre the exudates of the body such as urine or menstrual blood/, and who are able to keep these fluids under conditions of moderate pressure. Usually porous, absorbent, polymeric macrostructure of the present invention swell, as a rule, isotropically and quickly absorb these fluids.

As used in this detailed description, the term "macrostructure" is used to refer to a substance, a limited amount which, when it is almost dry (i.e. limited dry volume) is at least approximately 10.0 mm3preferably at least about 100 mm3more preferably at least about 500 mm3. In accordance with a preferred variant implementation of the present invention limited to the dry volume of microstructure must be in the range from about 1000 to 100000 mm3.

Although the macrostructure of the present invention can have different shapes and sizes, usually these macrostructure made in the form of sheets, films, cylinders, blocks, spheres, fibers, threads or other molded products. The thickness or diameter of such macrostructure will typically range from about 0.25 to 10.0 mm Absorbent macrostructure is preferable to use in f is x greater than approximately 250 microns. The thickness of such sheets for the preferred option should be in the range of about 0.5 to 3 mm, typically approximately 1 mm

The macrostructure of the present invention is manufactured from polymeric materials capable of absorbing large quantities of liquids. Such polymeric materials are usually referred to as hydrogels, hydrocolloids or superabsorbent materials. The preferred microstructure consists of a practically water-insoluble, absorbent, gidrogeneratsia polymer material.

Porous, absorbent, polymeric macrostructure of the present invention are structured agglomerate particles. He has a porous structure which is formed by the interconnected two or more, usually, in accordance with the present invention, approximately ten or more discrete particles of the precursor,which are connected by a cross-linking agent applied on them and treated in the conditions (while maintaining the physical Association of fragments of the precursor), which is sufficient for the reaction of a crosslinking agent with the polymer material particles of the precursor with the formation of cross-sweepolet is formed with a multitude of particles predecessor. According to a preferred variant of the size used in this case particles predecessor structured agglomerate is typically formed of 10 or more, preferably about 15, particles predecessor. The particles of the precursor of the present invention are in the form of separate elements. The particles of the precursor can be present in the form of granules, dust particles, spheres, flakes, fibers, aggregates or agglomerates. Thus, the particles of the precursor may have any desired shape, in particular, cubic, rod-like, polyhedral, spherical, rounded, angular, irregular shape, to represent the elements of irregular shape different unordered dimensions [for example, dust products-stage grinding or fine grinding] or elements with such a large ratio between the largest and smallest dimensions as the needle-like, hashemizadeh or fibrous elements, and the like. In a preferred variant, the particles of the precursor should be in the water fine powder consisting of granulating or scaly particles of irregular shape with random sizes.

Although the particle size before the size distribution of particles. In accordance with the present invention the particle size of the precursor determine for those particles predecessor, which is not peculiar to the large value of the ratio between the maximum size and minimum size, as in the case of fibers [for example, granules, flakes or dust] that is, for particles predecessor, the size being determined by sieve analysis. For example, the particle precursor, which is delayed by a standard sieve No. 30 with holes with a diameter of 600 μm, is considered a particle predecessor larger than 600 μm, and the particle predecessor, which sifted through sieve No. 30 with a cell size of 600 μm, but is delayed by a standard sieve No. 35 with a cell size of 500 μm, is considered a particle size which ranges from 500 to 600 μm, whereas the particle predecessor, which sifted through sieve No. 35 with openings of 500 μm, is considered a particle size which is less than 500 microns. In accordance with a preferred variant of the present invention the particle size of the precursor are typically in the range of about from 1 to 2000 μm, preferably from about 20 to 1000 microns.

Moreover, to achieve the objectives of this icebreaker particles predecessor. This mass-average particle size of the precursor is defined as the particle size, which is the average particle size for a given sample on a mass basis. The method of determining the mass-average particle size of the sample set forth in this description under "test Methods". The mass-average particle size of the precursor is typically in the range from about 20 to 1500 μm, preferably from about 50 to 1000 microns. In accordance with a preferred variant of the present invention the mass-average particle size of the precursor should be less than approximately 1000 microns, preferably less than about 600 microns, most preferably less than about 500 microns. In especially preferred embodiments of the present invention the mass-average particle size of the precursor must be relatively large (that is, the particles of the precursor should be fine). In these embodiments, the mass-average particle size of the precursor is less than about 300 microns, preferably less than about 180 μm. As an example, the dimensions of at least 95 weight. particles predecessor are in the range from about 150 to 300 μm. In another embodiment, the size, neopredelennij particles predecessor in size is preferable, because you can achieve a higher porosity of the microstructure due to a more substantial share of the cavities in contrast to the broader distribution of particle sizes with equivalent mass-average particle sizes during compaction.

The particle size for the materials, which are characterized by a large value of the ratio between the maximum and minimum particle sizes, usually determined by the maximum size. For example, in the case where the composition of macrostructure of the present invention use absorbent polymer fibers (i.e. super-absorbent fibers), in the definition of "particle size" is used for this parameter, as the length of the fiber (you can also specify the thickness and/or diameter of the fiber). As examples, the fiber length is more than about 5 mm, preferably about 10 to 100 mm, more preferably from about 10 to 50 mm

The particles of the precursor consists of a practically water-insoluble absorbent celebritysee polymer material. Examples of polymeric materials that are acceptable for use as particle precursor in this invention comprise those materials, comeram include olefinic unsaturated acids and anhydrides, molecules which contain at least one carbon-carbon olefinic double bond. More specifically, these monomers can be selected from olefinic unsaturated carboxylic acids and anhydrides, olefinic unsaturated sulfonic acids and mixtures thereof.

To obtain acceptable particles predecessor you can also use some non-acidic monomers. The class of such non-acidic monomers may include, for example, water-soluble or dispersible in water, esters kislotosoderzhashchih monomers, and monomers, molecules which do not contain any carboxyl or sulfoxylate groups. Thus, to allow the non-acidic monomers include monomers, molecules containing functional groups of the following types: the remains of esters of carboxylic and sulphonic acids, hydroxyl groups, amide groups, amino groups, nitrile groups, residues of Quaternary ammonium salts. These non-acidic monomers are well known materials.

The monomers of type olefinic unsaturated carboxylic acids and anhydrides of unsaturated carboxylic acids include acrylic acid, a typical example of which serve itself acrylic acid, lilioukalani acid (crotonic acid), alpha-phenyl acrylic acid, beta-aryloxyphenoxy acid, sorbic acid, alpha-chlorobenzoate acid, angelic acid, cinnamic acid, p-harmonica acid, beta-stellacreasy acid, taconova acid, Tarakanova acid, musicanova acid, glucagonoma acid, konitova acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tricarbocyanine and maleic anhydride.

The monomers of type olefinic unsaturated sulfonic acids comprise aliphatic or aromatic vinylsulfonic, in particular vinylsulfonate, arylsulfonate, visitorwantstochat and styrelseledamot; acrylic and methacrylic sulfonic acids, in particular sulfoetaksilat, sulfoaildenafil, sulfopropyl, alphapapillomavirus, 2-hydroxy-3-aryloxypropanolamine, 2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonate.

Molecules are the preferred polymeric materials for use in accordance with the present invention, contain carboxyl groups. Such polymers are grafted copolymer of hydrolyzed starch and Acrylonitrile grafted copolymer partially neutralize neutralized starch and acrylic acid, saponified copolymers of vinyl acetate and acrylic ester, hydrolyzed Acrylonitrile and acrylamide copolymers, partially cross crosslinked products of any of the above copolymers, partially neutralized polyacrylic acid. Such polymers can be used either individually or as a mixture of two or more monomers, compounds or the like.

The most preferred materials for use in the form of particles predecessor are sewn with a low degree of crosslinking products of partially neutralized polyacrylic acids and derived from them krahmalevym derivatives. In the most preferred options of the particles of the precursor include from about 50 to 95%, more preferably about 75% neutralized, slightly structured crosslinking polyacrylic acid (i.e. polymetrical/acrylic acid).

As indicated above, the particles of the precursor of the preferred option should consist of polymer materials, which are slightly structured crosslinking. Structuring stitching allows you to give the particles of the precursor of almost complete wagoners the dimensional content of the particles of the precursor and the final microstructure.

The particles of the precursor can be obtained by any conventional method.

Preferred methods for producing particles of the precursor are ways polymerization in aqueous solution or other solutions. The process of polymerization in aqueous solution involves the use of water the reaction mixture for carrying out the polymerization reaction to obtain particles of the precursor. Then in an aqueous reaction mixture creates the conditions of polymerization, sufficient for the formation of a mixture of practically water-insoluble, weakly transverse cross-linked polymer material. Next, the thus prepared weight polymeric material dispersed or crushed with obtaining individual particles predecessor.

More specifically, when carrying out the method of polymerization in aqueous solution with obtaining individual particles of the precursor is provided by the preparation of an aqueous reaction mixture in which carry out the polymerization to obtain the desired particle predecessor. One of the components of this reaction mixture is Monomeric material, the molecules of which contain acid residues and which forms the "main chain" of the obtained particles predecessor. The reaction is Noah mixture is forming a mesh structure or a crosslinking agent. This cross crosslinking agent is typically present in the aqueous reaction mixture in amounts of from about 0.001 to 5 mol. in terms of the total number of moles of monomer, which is contained in the aqueous mixture (approximately from 0.01 to 20 weight. hours based on 100 weight. including Monomeric material). A possible component of the aqueous reaction mixture is free-radical initiator, which can be used, for example, peroxide compounds, in particular persulfates, sodium, potassium and ammonium, caprylyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, gidroperekisi hydroperoxide, tertiary buildoperate, tertiary butylperbenzoate, peracetic sodium, percarbonate sodium and the like. Other possible components of the aqueous reaction mixture are various non-acidic comonomer materials that cover esters substantially unsaturated monomers, molecules which contain acid functional groups or other comonomers whose molecules do not contain any carboxyl or sulfoxylate functional groups.

In an aqueous reaction medium create the polymerization conditions sufficient for the formation of this mixture almost polymerization conditions usually refers heating (thermal activation) to the polymerization temperature, which is in the range of about from About to 100oWith, preferably about 5 to 40oC. Conditions of polymerization, which can withstand water, the reaction mixture may also include, for example, processing of the reaction mixture or its part in any acceptable normal form of radiation that activates polymerization. Usually used for polymerization are radioactive, electronic, UV or electromagnetic radiation.

The acid functional groups of the molecules of the polymeric materials formed in the aqueous reaction mixture, the preferred option should also be neutralized. The neutralization can be performed in any conventional way, which leads to the fact that at least about 25 mol. preferably at least about 50 mol. from the total amount of the monomers used to produce the polymer material and constituting monomers, molecules which contain acidic residues are neutralized salt-forming cation. Such salt-forming cations include, for example, alkali metals, ammonium, substituted ammonium and amines.

Although the draft of a particle preprocess polymerization can also be carried out in accordance with the technology of multiphase polymerization, in particular, according to technology inversion emulsion polymerization or inverted suspension polymerization. During such inversion emulsion polymerization or inverted suspension polymerization of water the reaction mixture, described above, is suspended in the form of very fine droplets in the matrix is not miscible with water and inert organic solvent, in particular cyclohexane. The resulting intermediate particles generally have a spherical shape.

In accordance with a preferred variant of the present invention the particles of the intermediate product used in the form of stitched agglomerate particles should be almost dry. The term "almost dry" used in this detailed description, serves to indicate that the fluid in the intermediate particles, usually water or another component of the solution is less than about 50 weight. preferably less than about 20 weight. more preferably less than about 10 weight. by weight of particles of intermediate. Typically, the fluid in the intermediate particles is in the range of about 0.1 to 5 weight. by weight of particles of intermediate. Individual particles preprod is when the particles of the intermediate obtained using aqueous reaction mixture, water can be removed from the reaction mixture by azeotropic distillation. Polymer-containing aqueous reaction mixture can also be processed in a dehydrating solvent, in particular methanol. You can also implement a combination of these procedures drying. Then dehydrated mass of polymeric material can chop or grind into powder with obtaining almost dry particles of the intermediate product, which is a practically water-insoluble absorbent geleobrazuyuschie polymeric material.

The preferred particles of the intermediate of the present invention are those particles which have a high absorption capacity, due to the high absorption capacity have also finished macrostructure made of such particles intermediate. The absorptive capacity represents in this case the ability of the polymeric material to absorb the liquid with which it comes in contact. This absorption capacity can vary greatly depending on the nature of absorbable liquid and when the liquid comes in contact with the polymer material. In accordance with the present invention, absor the trated in any given polymeric material, expressed in grams of synthetic (artificial) urine per gram of polymeric material when performing the procedures described below under "test Methods". According to the present invention, the preferred intermediate particles are particles, absorption capacity which is at least about 20 g, preferably at least about 25 grams of synthetic urine per gram of polymer material. Usually the absorptive capacity of the polymer material described intermediate particles is in the range from about 40 to 70 grams of synthetic urine per gram of polymer material. Particles of intermediate product, having a relatively high absorption capacity, can be used for the manufacture of macrostructure, which are particularly suitable in the composition of the absorbents, their elements and absorbent products, since the ready-to macro-structures made from such particles intermediate in the condition as it was found to retain desirable large number allocated by the body exudates, in particular urine.

If necessary, individual particles of the intermediate can be subjected poverhnosti surface cross-linking agent to the surface of particles of intermediate and reaction of this surface cross-linking agent with the polymer material on the surface of particles of intermediate.

Although the preferred option all particles intermediate in interparticle crosslinked agglomerate should be made of the same polymer material with the same properties, it is optional. For example, some particles of the precursor or intermediate can be composed of such a resin material as a graft copolymer of starch and acrylic acid, while the other particles of the semi-product can be made of a polymeric material which is poorly structured products, partially neutralized polyacrylic acid. Moreover, particles of intermediate interparticle crosslinked agglomerate may vary form, absorptive capacity, or other characteristics for particles of intermediate. In accordance with the preferred implementation of the present invention the particles of the intermediate should consist of a polymer material, which is a poorly structured (cross stitched) the product of partially neutralized polyacrylic acid; all intermediate particles have identical properties.

Stitched agglomerate particles of the present invention also includes a cross-linkable Agroproduct, keeping a physical Association between the particles of the intermediate. As a result of this reaction between the particles of the intermediate formed by cross-linking. Thus, the cross-linkage are interparticle by nature (that is, the relationships between the different particles of the intermediate).

Cross-linking agents that may be used in accordance with the present invention are those which react with the polymer material of the intermediate particles used to obtain cross-linked agglomerates of particles. Acceptable cross-linking agents include a number of different agents, such as compounds whose molecules contain at least two polymerizable double bonds; compounds whose molecules contain at least one double bond and at least one functional group that can react with the polymer material; compounds whose molecules contain at least two functional groups that can react with a polymer material, or compounds of polyvalent metals.

Class interparticle cross-linking agents may also include monomers (in particular above), which is echnik links.

In those cases, when the carboxyl groups contained in the molecules of the polymer material (polymer chains) of the intermediate particles, the preferred crosslinking agents are solutions of compounds whose molecules contain at least two functional groups that can react with carboxyl groups. The class a preferred cross-linking agents comprises polyhydric alcohols, in particular ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerol (1,2,3-propanetriol), polyglycerol, propylene glycol, (1,2-propandiol), 1,3-propandiol, trimethylolpropane, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, Polyoxypropylenediamine-oxypropylene block copolymers, esters of sorbitol and fatty acids, esters of polyoxyethylenesorbitan and fatty acids, pentaerythritol and sorbitol; polyglycidyl ether compounds, in particular etilenglikolevye ether, polyethylenepolypropylene ether, glycerylmonostearate ether, digitalrevolution ether, polyglycerylmethacrylate ether, serviceregistry ether, pentaerythritoltetranitrate ether, propilenglikolmonostearata ether and propilenglikolmonostearata amiloliticescoy and diphenylmethane-4,4'-N,N'-diethylaniline; guidepokerenligne, in particular epichlorohydrin and alpha methylviologen; polyalkene compounds, in particular glutaric aldehyde and glyoxal, polianinova compounds, in particular Ethylenediamine, Diethylenetriamine, Triethylenetetramine, Tetraethylenepentamine, pentamethylenebis and polyethylenimine; and polyisocyanate compounds, in particular 2,4-colorvision and hexamethylenediisocyanate.

You can use one crosslinking agent, two or more practically do not interact in the reaction between a crosslinking agent selected from the group stated above. Especially preferred cross-linking agents for use in accordance with the present invention are ethylene glycol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, 1,2-propandiol and 1,3-propandiol.

The amount of crosslinking agent, which must be used when implementing the present invention is in the range from 0.01 to 30 weight. parts, preferably from 0.5 to 10 weight. H. most preferably from 1 to 5 weight. hours at 100 weight. including particles of intermediate.

In accordance with the present invention together with a crosslinking agent as an auxiliary component when it receives a unit of the material particles of intermediate or as associated media particles can be used other materials or agents.

For example, in combination with a crosslinking agent, you can use water. The function of water is to promote uniform dispersion of the crosslinking agent on the surface of particles of intermediate and penetration of this crosslinking agent in the surface area of the particles of the intermediate. Water also promotes a stronger physical Association of intermediate particles in aggregates to the reaction, integrity in the dry and swollen States obtained from cross-linked aggregates between the particles. In accordance with the present invention water is used in amounts less than about 20 weight. hours (from approximately 0 to 20 weight. h), preferably in the range from about 0.1 to 10 weight. hours based on 100 weight. including particles of intermediate. The actual amount of water that must be used varies depending on the type of polymeric material and size of the particles of the intermediate.

In combination with cross-linking agent can also be used organic solvents. These organic solvents are used to facilitate uniform dispersion of the crosslinking agent on the surface of particles of intermediate. As such organic solvents, it is preferable to apply used for the implementation of the present invention, include lower alcohols, in particular methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, Isobutanol, sec-butanol and tert-butanol; ketones, in particular acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone; ethers, in particular dioxane, tetrahydrofuran and diethyl ether; amides, particularly N, N-dimethylformamide and N,N-diethylformamide, and sulfoxidov, in particular dimethyl sulfoxide. Such hydrophilic organic solvent used in the implementation of the present invention in amounts of less than about 60 weight. hours (from about 0 to 60 weight. h), preferably in the range of about from 0.01 to 60 weight. H. more preferably from about 1 to 20 weight. hours for every 100 weight. including particles of intermediate. The actual amount of the hydrophilic organic solvent, which must be used varies depending on the type of polymeric material and size of the particles of the intermediate.

A crosslinking agent can also be used in a mixture of water and one or more hydrophilic organic solvents. It was found that the use of a solution of water and a crosslinking agent provides maximum penetration of this crosslinking agent in the surface area of the particles of the intermediate product, in which the penetration of the cross-linking agent. However, to regulate the degree of penetration of the crosslinking agent in the surface area of the particles of the intermediate preferable to use a mixture of all three of these components. More specifically, it was found that the larger the value of the ratio between the quantities of water and organic solvent, the deeper the penetration of the crosslinking agent, the higher the resistance to the motion of the particles of microstructure under the action of forces and the greater the recovery of the final absorption of the macrostructure. Typically, the ratio between water and hydrophilic organic solvent in the solution is in the range from about 1 to 10 1 to 10. A solution of hydrophilic organic solvent (water) and a crosslinking agent is used in amount of less than about 60 weight. hours (from about 0 to 60 weight. h), preferably in the range of about from 0.01 to 60 weight. H. more preferably from about 1 to 20 weight. hours for every 100 weight. including particles of intermediate.

With a solution containing a crosslinking agent may be mixed with other possible components. For example, you can add the initiator, catalyst or non-acidic comonomer materials.

A method of manufacturing a porous absorber the I stage of preparation of the particles of the semi-product of the above type; drawing on the portion of the intermediate linking agent; physical Association of intermediate particles with the formation of the agglomerate; forming agglomerate and the reaction of the crosslinking agent with the polymer material of the intermediate particles in the agglomerate while maintaining the physical Association of the particles of the intermediate product, and the result between the polymer chains of molecules of different particles of the intermediate formed by cross-linking.

A crosslinking agent applied to the intermediate particles. This crosslinking agent can be applied by any of various techniques with the use of any equipment that is typically used for applying solutions on any materials, including technology coating, sprinkling, pouring, dripping, spraying, atomization, condensation or immersion of the particles intermediate in solution with a crosslinking agent. As used in this detailed description, the term "put on" is used to denote that at least one of the particles of the intermediate product, which should be connected, contains a crosslinking agent. For example, a crosslinking agent can be applied only to some of the intermediate particles, all particles of intermediate or only a part is the product. In a preferred variant of the cross-linking agent is necessary to cover the entire surface of most, preferably all, of the particles of the intermediate product, which improves the efficiency, strength and density of cross-linking the particles of the intermediate.

In accordance with a preferred variant of the present invention after application of a crosslinking agent on the particles of intermediate this crosslinking agent to be mixed with the particles of the intermediate by any of a number of technology mixing to ensure complete coverage of the particles of the intermediate cross-linking agent. Weight of the coating particles of the intermediate cross-linking agent improves the efficiency, strength and density of cross-linking between the particles of the precursor. This mixing can be achieved using various technologies and equipment, including mixers, which are known in the art.

Before, during or after applying a crosslinking agent to the particles of intermediate these particles of semi-physically unite (associated) with each other with obtaining agglomerates macrostructure. Used in this description, the term "joint physical" is used to denote that the particles of the floor the different techniques or through spatial relationships so that is formed of a single element (glomerata macrostructure).

In a preferred variant of the particles of the intermediate should be physically combined by drawing on these particles intermediate associating component and the introduction of particles intermediate in physical contact at least part of the surface of the intermediate product, which includes associating component. Preferred associating components cause sticking together of the particles of the intermediate polymeric material to each other under the effect of liquid surface tension forces and/or weave polymer chains due to external swelling. To associate the components that can be used in accordance with the present invention include hydrophilic organic solvents, usually of low molecular weight alcohols, in particular methanol, ethanol and isopropanol; water, mixture of water with a hydrophilic organic solvents; some cross-linking agents listed above; volatile organic compounds, in particular hexane, octane, benzene and toluene, and mixtures of these substances. Preferred associating components are water, methanol, isopropanol, ethanol, mercy mixture, which includes a crosslinking agent, allowing the stage of applying a crosslinking agent takes place simultaneously with the stage of applying the associative component.

Associating components can be applied to particles of the intermediate with any of the various technologies and equipment that are typically used for applying solutions to a variety of materials, including coating, pouring, pouring, spraying, atomization, condensation and immersion of particles intermediate in associating component. This associating component is applied, at least part of the surface of at least one of the intermediate particles, which must be associated with glomerata. On the draft associating component is applied as a coating on the entire surface of most, preferably all, of the particles of the intermediate. Such associating component is usually mixed with particles of intermediate product, thus ensuring complete coverage of the particles of the intermediate associating this component.

In the case when the associated component is applied to the intermediate particles, particles of this intermediate can be put in contact with each other through various technical what omponents. Alternatively, in order to ensure contact between the particles of the intermediate product, you can use the force of gravity. Moreover, such particles can be placed in a container with a fixed volume, ensuring, thus, the contact between the particles of the intermediate.

According to another variant of the intermediate particles can be physically pressed against each other, due to which also provided their mutual contact. For example, the intermediate particles can be densely to fill in the container with a fixed volume, which provides a physical contact of the particles intermediate between them. In an additional variant, or in combination with the above procedure provides for the use of the forces of gravity that provides the physical Association of intermediate particles. The intermediate particles can be physically associated together by electrostatic attraction or the introduction of adhesive component (for example, adhesive material, in particular water-soluble glue) for their bonding with each other. The intermediate particles can also be associated with a third element (substrate) in such a way that the intermediate particles are in contact with each other posredstwom of the present invention, the agglomerate of particles of intermediate molded to give the product a different geometrical shapes spatial elements and solid elements with sinter production of a certain shape, size and/or density. The agglomerate can be molded using any conventional molding technology, which is known in the art. To the preferred methods of forming the agglomerate are casting, extrusion and stamping. In accordance with the technology of casting and pressing is usually provided by the introduction of intermediate particles in the prepared cavity shape and pressure (compression) on the agglomerate, resulting in the agglomerate takes the form of a mold cavity. Examples of specific technologies pressing, suitable for use for this purpose, cover direct pressing, injection moulding, extrusion and lamination. For example, a large number of intermediate particles can be introduced into the container with a fixed volume as the cavity shape and compress agglomerate in order to make the configuration of the mold cavity, allowing ready macrostructure takes shape due to the shape of the mould cavity. The technology of punching includes conducting with sinter various operations with the aim of modifying the shape and/or size and/or density. Examples of specific technologies stamp Itasca. For example, an aggregated mixture of particles of intermediate and at least one interparticle crosslinking agent you can skip between a pair of squeeze rolls for forming a sheet of sinter. Alternatively aglomerate the mixture can be ekstradiroval through the hole with the formation of the agglomerate, the profile of which corresponds to the configuration of the holes. Moreover, the agglomerated mixture can be subjected to molding to the surface with the formation of sinter the desired configuration or morphology of the surface. Any or all of these technologies can be used in combination to obtain a molded agglomerate. For such processes can be applied to any suitable equipment known in the technique, the process can be carried out in conditions where the material or some of the nodes can be both hot and cold.

In accordance with a preferred variant of the present invention aggregated mixture of intermediate particles, the interparticle crosslinking agent, water and a hydrophilic organic solvent fed into the hopper of a conventional extruder. Agglomerated mixture ekstragiruyut through the hole of the extruder and the product is guided to the leading pair of squeeze rolls, BC in specific segments, getting the macrostructure, which are characterized by a specific predetermined size, shape and/or density.

At the same time or after the application of cross-linking agent particles of semi-physically unite among themselves with obtaining unit, after which the agglomerate is formed, carried out the reaction of the crosslinking agent with the polymer material of the intermediate particles agglomerate, while maintaining the physical Association of intermediate particles, causing the particles of the intermediate formed transverse connection with obtaining agglomerates the microstructure of the cross-linked particles.

The reaction of the crosslinking agent with the polymer material should step up and perform for the formation of cross-links between different particles of the intermediate with sinter production of cross-linked particles. Although the response of the structure can be activated by irradiation (e.g. UV, gamma or X-rays) or a catalyst as an initiator and activator, the reaction of the structure, it is preferable to activate by thermal (heating). The heat activates and provides the reaction, and also removes volatile substances present in the mixture. Such reaction conditions generally is a certain elevated temperature. Stage heating can be accomplished using a number of different devices that are known in the art and which include various furnaces and dryers known in the technique.

Usually the reaction is carried out with the extract at a temperature above 90oC for a period of time sufficient to complete the reaction structure (cross-linking). In that case, if for each variant-specific cross-linking agents and polymeric materials used particles of intermediate temperature is too low, and the time interval is too short, the degree of completeness of the reaction is insufficient, which leads to some loss of permeability of the microstructure for fluids during the swelling. If the temperature rises too high, the absorptive capacity of the intermediate particles may deteriorate or the network of cross-links in these intermediate particles depending on the particular polymeric materials can destructionists to such an extent that the resulting macrostructure may not be used to absorb large quantities of liquids. In addition, when the temperature and the exposure time are inappropriate, the content of extragere. Thus, usually the reaction is carried out at a temperature in the range from about 120 to 300oC, preferably from about 100 to 250oC. completion of the reaction in the absence of catalysts is generally from about 5 minutes to 6 hours, preferably from about 10 minutes to 4 hours.

In the case of use as the preferred polymeric material of the intermediate particles, weakly structured products of partially neutralized polyacrylic acid, and the preferred cross-linking agents, in particular of glycerol or trimethylolpropane, the reaction conditions include a temperature of from about 170 to 220oC and time respectively from about 3 hours to 30 minutes In a more preferred embodiment, the reaction is carried out at a temperature of from about 190 to 210oC for correspondingly from about 75 to 45 minutes, the Exact time and temperature vary depending on the particular polymeric material used in the form of particles of intermediate, specifically used cross-linking agents, the presence or absence of a catalyst used for the reaction, and the thickness or diameter of the macrostructure.

The reaction is W hen the reaction and/or to lower the temperature, and/or to reduce the number of interparticle crosslinking agent, which is required for binding between the particles of the intermediate. But usually the reaction is carried out in the absence of a catalyst.

During the implementation stage of this reaction it is necessary to maintain the physical integration of the particles of the intermediate product, to ensure the formation of a sufficient number of interparticle cross-linking. In the case when the implementation stages of the reaction the resulting force or voltage is sufficient for the separation of particles of intermediate, cross connection between the intermediate particles (interparticle cross-links) may not be formed. Typically, the physical Association of the particles of the intermediate support so that when the implementation stage of the reaction is reduced to a minimum resulting force or voltage separation.

As a possible and preferred stage in the implementation of the method of manufacturing a porous, absorbent, polymeric macrostructure is provided a surface treatment which is a component of the microstructure of the particles of the intermediate product, for example, surface treatment of polymer particles Quaternary polyamines. Domestic is ostomy structuring. In the implementation stage of the surface structure, in accordance with the present invention, is achieved by increasing the resistance to deformation of the resulting macrostructure during its swelling. On warning option as a crosslinking agent applied to the particles of the intermediate product, you must use the same material that serves as a surface cross-linking agent, therefore it is preferable to simultaneously mold the macrostructure and implement a surface structuring.

As stated above, there is no need to carry out stage of the method of manufacturing the microstructure in any particular order. In addition, these stages can be done at the same time.

In a preferred embodiment, the crosslinking agent should be applied simultaneously with the physical Association of intermediate particles, the mixture is then molded to give her a preferred form and is usually the desired density, then it is necessary to carry out the reaction of the crosslinking agent with the polymer material of the intermediate particles; this should be done either directly after completing the above steps, or after exposure of the unit for some period of time, h is astitsy intermediate is introduced into the vessel and mixed with a solution of a crosslinking agent, water and hydrophilic organic solvent, which atomserver on the surface of the particles of the intermediate obtaining unit. A crosslinking agent, water and a hydrophilic organic solvent are used as the associating component for particles of intermediate. A crosslinking agent is also used as a surface cross-linking agent. Agglomerate (i.e. the combined particles of intermediate and water mixture) is further formed with giving it the shape of the compacted sheet through a combination of technology extrusion and rolling, as indicated above. This is followed by a reaction of the crosslinking agent with the polymer material by heating to obtain cross-linking between the particles of the intermediate product, resulting in aggregate macrostructure with a transversely cross-linked particles, and simultaneously the reaction of the surface structure on the surfaces of the particles of the intermediate obtained macrostructure.

In certain conditions the final microstructure can be somewhat stiff and brittle. More elastic microstructure can be obtained in several ways. For example, in the macrostructure after completion of the reaction interparticle structure can add is their solvents (such as glycerin, 1,3-propandiol and ethylene glycol), polymer solutions (such as polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol), and mixtures thereof. The plasticizer can be applied to macro-structures by various methods, including spraying, applying a layer of coating atomization, immersion and pouring a solution of the macrostructure. Another option, that is, in the case of water, the plasticizer can be added by placing the structure in an atmosphere of high humidity (for example, when the relative humidity is over 70%). The plasticizer can also be added in the prereaction mixture containing a polymerizable monomer, followed by reaction of the monomer with the formation of interparticle polymer cross-linking. In this case, in the course of the reaction structuring the plasticizer is captured structures interparticle cross-linking. The amount of plasticizer in the solution is selected depending on specifically used plasticizer. Usually the content of the plasticizer is in the range of about from 0.01 to 100 weight. hours for every 100 weight. including particles of intermediate.

Thus, the main significant difference of this invention from U.S. patent 4734478 are the conditions of processing particles predecessor guy is stirring and continue the stirring all the time they are in contact, when the crosslinking.

The text of the patent, it follows that it is necessary to prevent interparticle cross-linking. Moreover, the implementation of mixing in such conditions should ensure the preservation of a certain particle size. Thus, the product of the way for U.S. patent is a free flowing particles of a certain form.

In contrast, according to the invention, the mixed particles of the polymer and crosslinking agent only at the moment of mixing. Then during the crosslinking agent, the weight not only remains stationary, but steps are being taken to minimize any force or voltage dissociation (separation) of particles, such as power or voltage can disrupt the formation of interparticle cross-linking. This should be taken into account when considering a U.S. patent, which is actually stated drying in a thin layer on a conveyor belt, but there is no indication that you should take any measures to interparticle crosslinking with the education system of the type obtained according to the invention. In the description of this application clearly States that you must maintain is litecom way according to the invention is porous polymeric macrostructure with the characteristics listed in paragraph 1 of the claims.

It follows from the above that in the U.S. patent and this application we are talking about different processes of obtaining completely different products. The identity of some process parameters on the U.S. patent and invention only emphasizes the surprising results achieved by the applicant according to the invention, namely in a simple exception mixing (in fact, the simplification of technology) the receipt by interparticle cross-linking highly absorbent macrostructure. Appended micrograph showing quite clearly that structure. The applicant considers that the submitted application materials characterize the obtained product sufficiently.

The essence of the present invention is more clearly illustrated in the text below, and figures, in which:
in Fig. 1 with an increase of approximately 40 times presents the micrograph, which shows perspective (angle 15oto the horizontal) edges of the porous, absorbent, polymeric macrostructure of the present invention;
in Fig. 2 with a larger is s, it is shown in Fig. 1;
in Fig. 3 approximately 30-fold increase presents a micrograph showing perspective (angle 45oto the horizontal) angle of the microstructure shown in Fig. 1;
in Fig. 4 approximately 20-fold increase presents a micrograph showing a top view of part of another embodiment of a porous, absorbent, polymeric macrostructure containing super-absorbent fibers, which are used in the macrostructure;
in Fig. 5 approximately 50-fold increase presents a micrograph showing a top view of part of the macrostructure of Fig. 4;
in Fig. 6 approximately 75-fold increase presents a micrograph showing a top view of part of the macrostructure of Fig. 4;
in Fig. 7 approximately 100-fold increase presents a micrograph showing perspective (angle 45oto the horizontal) part of another version of a porous, absorbent, polymeric macrostructure containing polyester fibers introduced into the macrostructure;
in Fig. 8 shows the axonometric image of disposable salfetochnyj (podguznikov) options for performing the present and arborous core [option absorbent element, according to the present invention] of the diaper which includes an absorbent element is a porous, absorbent, polymeric macrostructure of the present invention;
in Fig. 9 in cross section along the line 9-9 of Fig. 8 shows the image of the absorbent core of the diaper shown in Fig. 8;
in Fig. 10 shows the axonometric image of disposable podguznikov options for performing the present invention, which cuts the upper sheet layer, in order more clearly to show the absorbent core made another version.

As shown in Fig. 1 3, the finished structure contains pores (dark areas in the micrograph) between adjacent particles of the intermediate. These pores are small cavities between adjacent particles of the intermediate product, which allows the liquid to penetrate into the macrostructure. Such pores are formed in the macrostructure due to the fact that the particles of the intermediate insufficiently tightly inserted or Packed in the microstructure, even if they have to squeeze to eliminate pores (the packing efficiency of the intermediate particles is less than 1). Usually these pores less which is the main component castor macrostructure.

The pores are interconnected communicating with each other by channels passing between the pores. These channels allow liquids to come in contact with the macrostructure and provide them with transport due to capillary forces (i.e. capillary channels are formed) to other parts of the microstructure, resulting in the process absorb such fluids uses the entire volume of the macrostructure. Moreover, when the swelling of the pores and interconnected channels allow fluid to pass through the macrostructure or layers of particles of intermediate, remote from the initial point of contact with the liquid or other structures in contact with the macrostructure. Thus, this structure is permeable to liquids due to the presence of interconnected pores and channels.

The proportion of cavities (i.e. the total volume of the macrostructure, which covers pores and channels) is characterized by the minimum value for a given distribution of particles of intermediate size. Usually a more narrow range of distribution of a part of the intermediate in size causes an increase in the proportion of cavities. Thus, to achieve a greater share of cavities in a compressed state is necessary CLASS="ptx2">

Another feature of macrostructure of the present invention is that such macrostructure swell usually isotropically even under moderate compressive pressure when liquid fall onto or come into contact with the microstructures. The term "isotropic swelling" used in this description to indicate that the macrostructure is usually swells equally in all directions when it is wetted by the liquid. Isotropic swelling is an important property of this macrostructure, as particles of intermediate and pores are able to maintain their relative geometric shapes and spatial relationships, even when in the process of applying swelling persist, if not increase, the existing capillary channels (during swelling of the pores and particles of intermediate increase in size). Thus, the macrostructure is capable of absorbing and/or transport through an additional portion of the liquid, while remaining free from hellocarbide.

Indicating that the macrostructure between previously independent from each other by the intermediate particles are formed cross-links, is the resistance of the finished macrosty" is used to refer to the macrostructure, which includes the unit with cross connections between the particles upon contact with aqueous fluid medium or swelling [jointly and/or without the impact of efforts] remains almost intact [i.e. most of the formerly independent from each other, particles of intermediate product, which is the basis, remain interconnected] Although the definition of the meaning of resistance to mobility implies that the majority of the particles of the intermediate stay connected, in a preferred variant, all the particles of the intermediate product, which is used for manufacturing the microstructure must be interconnected. However, it should be borne in mind that some particles of intermediate able to separate from the macrostructure in the case if, for example, with this structure in the future glomerida other particles.

Resistance to mobility is an important characteristic of macrostructure of the present invention, because it allows the unit to maintain its relative structure as in the dry and swollen States, and because the intermediate particles as the main component remains stationary. For the finished product, in particular for ü gallocyanine, since the intermediate particles remain aggregated even in contact with the fluid, which allows previously independent from each other fine particles to be used in aggregated form, to increase the amount of absorbed prepared by the macrostructure of the fluid without the occurrence of such phenomena as gallocyanine.

Resistance to mobility can be measured in the aggregate macrostructure through the implementation of the two-stage method. Watching the initial dynamic response to contact of an aggregate macrostructure with the aqueous fluid medium, and then watching the equilibrium state when the swelling aggregate macrostructure. The method of determining the resistance to mobility based on these criteria, described below under "test Methods".

For practical use of the liquid, which is served on the macrostructure or come into contact with them, absorbed by the particles of intermediate or pass into the pores and transported to other parts of the macrostructure, where they are absorbed by other particles of intermediate or where they are transported through the macrostructure to other absorbent elements adjacent to this first.

In Fig. 4 to 6 represent the standard nature. The intermediate particles are a mixture of granules of different shapes with the fibers (i.e. superabsorbers fibers). In the variant shown in Fig. 4 6, the fibers are fibers FIBERSORB, which shall be submitted by the company "Arco chemical company of Wilmington, Delaware. In Fig. 4 shows a typical form of such a microstructure. As can be seen from Fig. 4, the fibers serve as a matrix, in which between the granules formed relatively small pores, and near the fibers are formed of relatively large pores. In Fig. 5 is illustrated in more detail the shape and size of pores, and that the granules are associated with the transverse fibers of interparticle bonds. In Fig. 6 a more detailed presentation of large pores and channels, which are formed in the structure due to the addition of fibers, and the relation between particles and fibers.

The relative amount of super absorbent fibers, mixed with the granules can vary in a wide interval. For example, the structure may consist of only one super absorbent fibers; ready macrostructure thus has the form of a nonwoven fibrous web. In the variation shown in Fig. 4 to 6, the amount of super absorbent fibers NAA particle intermediate.

In the case where super-absorbent fibers form part of the intermediate particles, such fibers is preferable to uniformly mix with other particles of the intermediate so that these fibers were woven into the gaps between the many different particles of intermediate.

In Fig. 7 shows another variant of the macrostructure of the present invention, where in the macrostructure of the embedded reinforcing elements, in particular fibers (fibrous or filamentary material). Such reinforcing elements reported swollen macrostructure of strength (i.e. structural integrity). In some embodiments, the reinforcing fibers also act as elements that provide rapid movement of fluids to other parts of the macrostructure, and/or additional absorbent material. Preferred reinforcing elements are fiber (also called reinforcing fibers), although this purpose may be used and other materials, in particular a separate thread, spiral, cloth, non-woven textile materials, of woven textile materials or coarse canvas, which is known for its reinforcing properties. In Fig. 7 illustrates a variation in which the fibers are contained within the interconnected channels, providing enhanced structural integrity swollen macrostructure.

As reinforcing elements in the composition of macrostructure of the present invention can be used with fibrous materials of various types. For use in the proposed macrostructure acceptable fibrous materials of any type that is suitable for use in conventional absorbents. Specific examples of such fibrous materials include cellulosic fibers, modified cellulose fibers, rayon fibers, polypropylene and polyester fiber, in particular polyethylene terephthalate, hydrophilic nylon and similar fiber. Besides those already mentioned, other examples of fibrous materials suitable for use in accordance with the present invention, are hydrophilinae hydrophobic fibers, in particular of thermoplastic fibers surface-treated with surfactants or silicon dioxide, obtained, for example, from polyolefins, in particular polyethylene or polypropylene, polyacrylic resins, polyamides, polystyrenes, polyurethanes and the like. In fact, hydrophilinae hydrophobic fibers, which are Ponoi absorption capacity, to be useful in conventional absorbent macrostructure, can be used macrostructure of the present invention due to their good Transporter - adjustment properties. This is because in the proposed macrostructure conductive properties of the fibers are of great importance, if not more important, than the absorbent capacity of the fibrous material due to the high speed absorption of the fluid and the absence of herbacious properties microstructure of the present invention. As the fibrous component of the macrostructure is usually preferable to use synthetic fibers. Most preferred are polyolefin fibers, preferably polyester fibers.

Other cellulosic fibrous materials, which may be useful in some of the proposed macrostructure are cellulose fibers, which are chemically attached to the stiffness. Preferred cellulose fibers, which are chemically attached stiffness are past the finish woven, twisted in a spiral cellulose fibers, which can be made cross-linking of cellulose fibers together use the fibers or the surfaces of fibers, which are wetted by the liquids falling on the fiber (i.e., when water or vadodaria exudate body easily distributed fiber or surface regardless absorbs really fiber or does not absorb this fluid environment, or forms a gel).

This fibrous material can be added to the macrostructure by introducing fibers into the solution with a crosslinking agent, a mixture with particles of intermediate before applying a cross-linking agent or the introduction of fibrous material in the mixture a cross-linking agent with particles of intermediate. In a preferred variant of the fibrous material should be added to the mixture a cross-linking agent with particles of intermediate. This fibrous material is preferably uniformly mixed with solutions so that the fibrous material was evenly dispersed throughout the structure. Fiber also preferable to add to the reaction of the crosslinking agent with the polymer material of the intermediate particles.

The quantity of fibrous material relative to the number of particles of the intermediate product, with which it is mixed, can be varied within a wide range. Such fibrous material is preferable to the weight. including particles of intermediate.

The porous absorbent polymer microstructure can be used for many different purposes in many fields of technology. For example, these macro-structures can be used in packaging containers; devices for supplying drugs; devices for the treatment of wounds; devices for the treatment of burns; materials ion-exchange columns; structural materials; materials for agriculture and horticulture, in particular coating sheet materials for seed or water-retaining materials; for industrial purposes, in particular as a dewatering agent for sludge and oils, materials, preventing formation of dew, desiccant and materials to combat the humidity.

Porous, absorbent, polymeric macrostructure of the present invention can be used in combination with a carrier. The media is acceptable in accordance with the present invention include absorbent materials, in particular cellulose fiber. As such carriers can also be any other carriers that are known in the art, in particular nonwovens, woven textilindustrie fiber, metal foil, elastomers and the like. Such macro-structures may be associated with the media directly or indirectly, and they can be connected with them through chemical or physical links, in particular those which are known, including adhesives and chemicals that react connecting due to adhesion of macrostructure to the media.

Because of the unique absorbent properties of porous absorbent polymer macrostructure of the present invention such macro-structures especially suitable for use as the absorbent core of the absorbent, in particular products disposable. Used in this description, the term "absorbent article" is used to identify a product that absorbs and contains body exudates and more specifically refers to articles which are directly in contact with the body or near the body of the user to absorb and hold various exudates secreted by the body. In addition, the "disposable absorbent products are the products that after a single application designed for the emission (i.e. the original absorbent article generally not prednaska products although some of its elements or all of the absorbent product can be recovered, reused or sent for composting). Preferred disposable absorbent products, nappy (diaper) 1 shown in Fig. 8. Used in this description, the term "diaper" refers to a garment that is usually worn by children and persons suffering from incontinence. This item is worn in the lower part of the trunk. However, you must bear in mind that the present invention is applicable also in respect of other products absorbents, in particular short underpants for persons suffering from incontinence of urine, swabs for them, training pants, liners for diapers, sanitary diapers, wipes for removing make-up, paper towels and the like.

In Fig. 8 shows the axonometric image of the diaper 1 of the present invention in metanotum state (i.e. without any tight elastic devices), and to more clearly illustrate the construction of the diaper 1 some parts of the structure removed and figure diaper 1 shown with the side that comes in contact with the consumer. In a preferred variant of the diaper 1 while igni or rear layer 3, which is connected with the upper layer 2; an absorbent core 4, located between the top layer 2 and bottom layer 3; the elastic elements 5 and the tape fastener 6 petals. The top layer 2, the lower layer 3, the absorbent core 4 and the elastic elements 5 can be connected in sets of a variety of well known configurations.

In Fig. 8 shows a preferred variant of the diaper 1 in which the top layer 2 and bottom layer 3 of the same shape and size, and their length and width is usually larger than the absorbent core 4. The top layer 2 is applied on the bottom layer 3 and connected with him, forming, thus, the periphery of the diaper 1. This defines the outer periphery of the perimeter or edges of the diaper 1. At the periphery there are trailing edge 7 and the longitudinal edges 8.

The top layer 2 is made of elastic soft to the touch and does not cause skin irritation consumer material. Moreover, the upper layer 2 is permeable to liquid, making the liquid can easily penetrate through it on its thickness. Acceptable top layer 2 can be made of materials of different varieties, in particular made of porous foams, reticulated foams, perforirovannykh (e.g. polyester or polypropylene fibers) or from a combination of natural and synthetic fibers. The top layer 2 is preferably made of a hydrophobic material to the skin of the consumer was not in contact with the liquids contained in the absorbent core 4.

Especially preferred top layer 2 consists of a polypropylene fiber staple length with approximately 1.5 denier. Used in this description, the term "fiber staple length" is used to denote those fibers whose length is at least approximately 15,9 mm

The top layer 2 can be made in accordance with one of a number of existing technologies. For example, this top layer 2 can be woven, non-woven textile material, staple, carded or similar material. The preferred top layer should be made of carded ribbon and thermally connected with the use of means that are well known to experts in the field of textile materials. The preferred specific gravity of the material of the upper layer 2 is approximately 18 to 25 g/m2its minimum tensile strength in the dry state should be equal to at least about 400 g/cm in the machine direction and firmly the Term "machine direction" is also well known and widely used, for example, in the manufacture of paper. He means the direction in which the material is oriented in the manufacturing process. So, when continuous paper production "machine direction" is the orientation of the movement of material through the various rollers, which are used for molding, drying and transportation of material. This is an important term, because in the measurement of physical properties of material value, whether they are measured in the machine or perpendicular to the machine direction.

The lower or rear 3 layer impermeable to liquids; it is preferable to produce from thin polymer films, although it can be used and other elastic, impervious to liquids and materials. This bottom layer 3 prevents hydration of the exudates absorbed by the core 4, objects that are in contact with the diaper 1, in particular bedding and underwear. Preferred lower layer 3 is made of plastic film, the thickness of which is approximately 0,012 (0,5 mils) to 0.051 cm to 2.0 mils), although it can be used and other elastic, impervious to liquids and materials. Used in this description, the term "elastic" closestool shape and contours of the body of the consumer.

In a preferred variant of the bottom layer 3 should be embossed and/or matte finish to give it a more tissue-like appearance. Moreover, the lower layer 3 may allow couples to escape from the absorbent core 4, at the same time preventing the passage through the bottom layer 3 of the exudates.

The size of the lower layer 3 is determined by the dimensions of the absorbent core 4 and correspond exactly to the chosen design of the diaper. In a preferred embodiment, the lower layer 3 must have a modified hourglass shape and extend beyond the edges of the absorbent core 4, the minimum distance at least approximately from 1.3 to 2.5 cm along the periphery of the diaper.

The top layer 2 and bottom layer 3 are interconnected by any known method. Used in this description, the term "connected" is used to refer to structures in which the upper layer 2 is directly connected with the lower layer 3 by fixing this top layer 2 directly on the lower layer 3, and structures, which the upper layer 2 is indirectly connected with the lower layer 2 by fixing this top layer 2 intermediate elements, which, in their the ocher is only connected along the periphery of the diaper by means of fixing means (Fig. not shown), in particular by adhesive or any other connecting means known in the art. For example, for fastening the upper layer 2 on the lower layer 3 may be used by a uniform continuous layer of adhesive material or system of separate lines or spots of adhesive material.

To hold the diaper on the body of the consumer mounting means serve the tape fastener 6 petals, which are usually provided on the rear waist section of the diaper 1. These tape fasteners petals 6 can be any device of this type which are known in the art. Tape fastening petals 6 or other means of fastening of the diaper is usually provided at the corners of the diaper 1.

On the periphery of the diaper 1, preferably near each of its longitudinal edges 8 are elastic elements 5, so these elastic elements 5 fit the feet of the user and hold the diaper on them. Alternatively the elastic elements can be placed near either or both end edges 7 of the diaper 1 and perform the function of the belt rather than cuffs on the legs, and/or both.

Such elastic Ave deter these elastic elements 5 effectively shrink or tighten the diaper 1. Elastic elements 5 can be inserted in elastic stress state at least two ways. For example, the elastic elements 5 can be stretched and enter when the diaper 1 is in an uncompressed state. Another variant of this diaper 1 can be compacted, for example, by pleating, and then to enter and fasten the diaper 1 elastic elements 5, and in this case, the elastic elements 5 are in their nerasbavlennom and relaxed state.

In a variant, which is illustrated in Fig. 8, the elastic elements 5 are along the diaper 1 on the part of its length. In another embodiment, these elastic elements 5 can pass through the entire length of the diaper 1, or any other length suitable for a line elastic compression. The length of the elastic element 5 is determined by the design of the diaper.

Elastic elements 5 may have many configurations. For example, the width of the elastic elements 5 can vary in the range from about 0.25 mm to 25 mm or to be even greater. Such elastic elements 5 can consist of a single strand of elastic material or may include multiple pmodulename or curved. Among other elastic elements 5 can be secured to the diaper in any of several ways known in the art. For example, these elastic elements 5 can be fixed with the help of ultrasound, to close up the diaper using heat and pressure, using a variety of connecting devices or elastic elements 5 can simply be pasted on the diaper 1.

Absorbent core 4 of the diaper 1 is put between the upper layer 2 and bottom layer 3. The absorbent core 4 in the manufacturing process to give a variety of shapes and sizes [e.g., rectangular, hourglass configuration, asymmetric, and the like] it can be manufactured from various materials. However, the total absorption capacity of the absorbent core 4 should correspond to the expected amount of liquid, which calculated the absorbent product or diaper. Moreover, the size and absorption capacity of the absorbent core 4 may be varied in such a way as to be adapted to the consumers as a child and an adult. Absorbent core 4 includes a porous, absorbent, polymeric macrostructure of the present and the existing core of rectangular shape. As shown in Fig. 9, a preferred absorbent core 4 should include an absorbent element 9, provided with a casing 10 and a porous, absorbent, polymeric macrostructure 11 inside the shell 10, which allows to minimize the potential migration of particles through the upper intermediate layer and create additional transport layer between the top layer 2 and the macrostructure 11, so that, in turn, improves fluid absorption and minimizes re-hydration. As shown in Fig. 9, only the sheath 10 covers the macrostructure 11 due to its folding in half with the formation of the first layer 12 and second layer 13. The edges 14 of the shell 10 on the periphery of the latter are sealed by conventional means, in particular adhesive 15 (as shown in the figure), ultrasonic bonding, or compounds by heat and pressure with the formation of the package. The shell 10 may be composed of various materials, which include nonwovens, paper web or webs of absorbent materials, in particular of tissue paper. Preferred shell 10 should consist of non-woven textile material similar to that which I a hydrophilic material, allowing the fluid to quickly pass through the shell 10.

Alternatively, the absorbent core 4 of the present invention may consist only of one or more (a large number) of the porous absorbent polymer macrostructure of the present invention, may include a combination of layers containing the macrostructure of the present invention, or absorbent core of any other configurations containing one or more macrostructure of the present invention.

In Fig. 10 shows another embodiment of the diaper 16, which contains a two-layer absorbent core 17, which includes an absorbent element 18 a modified hourglass shape, and a layer 19 of a porous, absorbent, polymeric macrostructure, located adjacent to the absorbent element 18 and under it (that is, between the absorbent element 18 and the lower layer 3).

The absorbent element 18 provides quick collection and temporary retention of flowing fluids, as well as quick transport such liquids due to the wicking effect of moving from the point of initial contact of the liquid with them to other parts of the absorbent element 18 and to the macro-structural the century In the composition of the absorbent element 18 can be used fibrous material of different types, in particular fiber materials, which we have already discussed in this description. For this purpose, preferred are cellulose fibers, fibers as wood pulp is particularly preferred. The absorbent element 18 may also contain a certain amount of absorbent polymer compositions in the form of particles. For example, the absorbent element 18 can contain up to 50 weight. such polymeric compositions. In the most preferred embodiments, the absorbent element 18 contains from about 0 to 8 weight. absorbent polymer compositions in the form of particles in terms of its own weight. In accordance with other preferred variants of the absorbent element 18 consists of cellulose fibers after harsh chemical finishing, as discussed above. Especially preferred for use for this purpose are absorbent elements, including the storage area and the zone of rapid absorption, with lower average density and the average basis weight per unit area than the storage area, allowing the saturated zone It be of any desired shape, in particular rectangular, oval, oblong, asymmetric or the shape of an hourglass. The shape of the absorbent element 18 can determine the shape of the finished diaper 16. In preferred embodiments, as shown in Fig. 10, the absorbent element 18 is made in the shape of an hourglass.

It is not necessary that the size of the macro-structural sheet 19 of the present invention coincided with the dimensions of the absorbent element 18, and in fact, the surface area of this sheet can be significantly smaller or larger area of the upper surface of the absorbent element 18. As shown in Fig. 10, macro-structural sheet 19 is less absorbent element 18, and the surface area may range from 0.10 to 1.0 surface area of the absorbent element 18. in accordance with the most preferred option area of the upper surface of the macro-structural sheet 19 should be approximately 0.10 to 0.75, more preferably from about 0.10 to 0.5, the surface area of the absorbent element 18. In yet another embodiment, the absorbent element 18 is less than the macro-structural sheet 19, and the area of its top surface is priblizitel alternative preferred embodiment, the absorbent element 18 should be made of cellulose fibers, have chemical hard finish.

Macro-structural sheet 19, it is preferable to put in a special position relative to the bottom sheet 3 and/or absorbent element 18 in diaper. More specifically, macro-structural sheet 19 in General is in front of the front surface of the diaper, making macro-structural sheet 19 posted by most effective for absorption and retention of secreted fluids.

In alternative preferred embodiments, many macrostructure, preferably from about two to six macro-structural tapes or sheets, you can replace only the macro-structural sheet 19, which is shown in Fig. 10. Moreover, in the absorbent core 17 can place additional absorbent layers, elements or structures. So, for example, to provide backup capacity for the absorbent core and/or create a layer for the distribution of fluids passing through the macro-structural sheet 19, between other areas of the absorbent core 17 or macro-structural layer 19 between these macro-structural layer 19 and the lower layer 3 is possible to provide additional absorbent element. Another option microstruct the it layer 2 and the absorbent element 18.

In practice nappy consumer places so that the rear waist section was under his back, and the rest of the diaper 1, the consumer passes between the legs so that the front waist section was oriented in the transverse direction in front of the consumer. Then tape fastening petals 6, it is preferable to secure the outside of the front sections of the diaper 1. In the practical use of disposable diapers and other products adsorbent comprising a porous, absorbent, polymeric macrostructure of the present invention, showing a capacity for rapid and efficient distribution and storage of liquids and to preserve dryness due to the high absorbent capacity of macrostructure.

Artificial urine
Special artificial urine used in the implementation of test methods according to the present invention, this description is called "Synthetic urine". This synthetic urine is characterized by the following composition: 2.0 g/l of potassium chloride, 2.0 g/l of sodium sulfate, 0.85 grams/l of monopotassium phosphate ammonium, 0.15 g/l secondary acid ammonium phosphate, 0,19 g/l of calcium chloride and 0.23 g/l magnesium chloride. All hee is from 6.0 to 6.4.

Test methods
A. Absorption capacity of the particles of the semi-product
The polymer composition is placed inside the "tea bag", is immersed in an excess of artificial urine, soaking in it for a certain period of time, and then centrifuged in a certain period of time. The value of the ratio between the final weight of the polymer composition after centrifugation minus initial weight (net weight of absorbed fluid) and the initial weight determines the absorption (absorption) capacity.

In standard laboratory conditions at a temperature of 23oC /73oF/ 50% relative humidity, perform the following procedure. Using cutting stamp size 6 x 12 cm cut down the material for the tea bag, fold it in half lengthwise and seal the two sides of the T-shaped rod seal, getting square tea bag size 6 x 6 cm as the material for the tea bag use a heat sealable material. In the case when you want to retain fine particles, it is necessary to use low-porosity material for the tea bag. On a special paper for weighing weighed 0,2000,005 g tai) the end of the tea bag. As a reference sample use empty tea bag, sealed at the top. In chemical beaker 1000 ml pour about 300 ml of artificial urine. In artificial urine dipped reference tea bag containing polymer composition (tea bag sample), held horizontally to evenly distribute the material contained in it around the tea bag. Then this tea bag is placed on the surface of the artificial urine. Over a period of time less than one minute tea bag to give wet, and then completely immersed in a liquid and soaked for 60 minutes After approximately 2 minutes after immersion of the first sample is immersed and soaked for 60 min in the same conditions as in the case of the first number of tea bags, the second the number of tea bags made identical to the first row of the reference and containing the sample tea bags. Upon expiration of the above period of time soaking each of a number of tea bags with samples of these tea bags are quickly removed from the synthetic urine. Next, the samples centrifuged as described below. The centrifuge must be equipped with direct reading tachometer, Alenushka wall approximately 6,38 cm, external diameter 21,425 cm and an inner diameter of 20,155 cm, which includes 9 rows approximately 106 in each of the round holes, evenly placed around the circumference of the outer wall diameter 0,238 cm and the bottom with six round drainage holes with a diameter of 0,635 cm, evenly placed around the circumference of the bottom of the basket at a distance of 1.27 cm from the inner surface of the outer wall to the center of these drainage holes, or equivalent means. The basket is installed in the centrifuge in such a manner that it can rotate and brake simultaneously with the centrifuge. Tea bags with samples placed in the basket of the centrifuge so that the bend line formed in the manufacture of the bag, was oriented in the direction of rotation of the centrifuge, which allows you to absorb the initial force. The control or reference tea bags are placed on either side of the respective tea bags. For the balance of the tea bag with the sample from the second experimental series should be placed in front of the tea bag with the sample from the first row, and the control tea bag of the second row opposite the control of the tea bag of the first row. Then include a centrifuge and give her by about./min timer set for 3 minutes After 3 min centrifuge off and include brake. Separately extract the first tea bag with the sample and the first control tea bag and weighed. The procedure is repeated later in the second tea bag with the sample and the second control packet. Absorptive capacity (PS) for each of the samples is calculated as follows: PS [weight of the tea bag with sample after centrifugation weight control tea bag after centrifugation the weight of the dry polymer composition [ weight dry polymer compositions Used in this description the value of absorptive capacity is the average value of the absorbing ability of the two samples.

B. Resistance to mobility
The aim of this methodology is the determination of the stability of the unit when exposed to artificial urine.

The sample microstructure is placed in a shallow plate. This macrostructure add an excessive amount of artificial urine. Before reaching the equilibrium state observing the swelling of the macrostructure. While exploring the swelling macrostructure monitor tearing off small particles from the main unit, a branch from the main unit and splawa the main unit and the floating particles. In the case where the unit includes a large number of dissociating particles, which are its components, the macrostructure is considered unstable. You should also examine the isotropic swelling of the macrostructure. In that case, if the unit has remained relatively stable and the relative geometrical parameters and spatial relationships of particles of intermediate and long retained after completion of the test, the macrostructure is considered stable. In a preferred embodiment, resistant to the mobility of the microstructure must be able to maintain its integrity when they raise in the swelled state.

C. the particle Size of the intermediate and bulk size
The distribution of particles in weight percent by weight of sample weight of 10 g of the particles of the intermediate is determined by sieving of the sample through a series of 19 sieves, ranging from standard sieve No. 20 with a cell size of 850 μm to standard No. 400 sieve with a mesh size of 38 μm. The procedure is carried out simultaneously on three stacks of sieves, as available, the device does not allow you to keep all of 19 screens at the same time. The first stack includes sieves N N 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 and the tray to sit; the second article is the train tray to sit. Then the intermediate particles remaining on each sieve is weighed and determine the distribution of particle sizes in weight percent.

The first stack of sieves mounted on the shaker and sieve No. 20 is placed 10,00,00 g of the sample. As shaker use of the vibrator 3 inch shaker for sieves. This stack is subjected to shaking for 3 min with a speed of approximately 2100 cycles vibration/min (on the scale of the instrument corresponds to the numeral "6"). Then remove the tray to sit and foot put aside for later weighing. Paper for weighing with a soft brush carry the remains of the sample tray to sit. On the shaker establish the second stack of sieves and sieve N 60 paper for weighing transfer the material sample. A second stack of sieves are shaken for 3 min with a speed of approximately 2100 cycles vibration/min, and the remainder of the sample tray to sit transferred to paper for weighing. The stack of sieves is put aside. Next on the shaker establish a third stack of sieves and sieve N 170 transfer material from the paper for weighing. A third stack of sieves are shaken for 3 min with a speed of approximately 2100 cycles vibration/min To transfer the contents of each sieve on tarinai scale and record the weight of sample on each sieve. This stage is repeated using each sample of the new paper for weighing and for each sieve and each sample remaining on the tray sieve after sieving by shaking the third stack of sieves. The same technique repeatedly used for two additional 10-gram samples. The average weight of three samples for each of the sieves determines the bulk distribution of particles in weight percent for each of the rooms of the Sith.

Mass-average particle size of 10-gram sample is calculated as follows
< / BR>
where SMRC mean mass-average particle size; Mithe weight of particles on a particular sieve; Dithe size parameter for a particular sieve. The size parameter, Disieve analysis is defined as denoting the size (in micrometers) followed by bottom-up screens. For example, the size parameter standard sieve No. 50 is 355 μm, which corresponds to the size of the holes standard sieve No. 45 (the next in the upward direction). The mass-average particle size herein is an average value for the mass-average particle size obtained by the analysis of three samples.

Example particles propduct.

The snabzhenna the Bina 240 mm, equipped sigmablade blades with a diameter of rotation of 120 mm, tight-fitting lid. Preparing an aqueous solution of the monomer, which contains 37 weight. the monomer. This monomer is composed of 75 mol. acrylate and 25 mol. acrylic acid. In the vessel kneader machine load 5500 g of an aqueous solution of the monomer, after which the vessel rinsed with stream of nitrogen to remove residual air. Further result in rotation two blades sigmamodel configuration with a speed of 46 rpm./min and using shirts carry out heating, passing through her water with a temperature of 35oC. as polymerization initiators added 2.8 g of sodium persulfate and 0.14 g of L-ascorbic acid. Approximately 4 minutes after adding the initiator starts the polymerization. In the reaction system after 15 min after the addition of initiators is achieved peak temperature 82oC. Continue mixing causes separation of hydrated gel-like polymer in a particle size of approximately 5 mm after 60 min after the beginning of the polymerisation kneader machine take off the lid and remove from this machine the material obtained.

Thus obtained hydrated water jelly is th sieve No. 50, and dried by a current of hot air at a temperature of 150oC within 90 minutes of the Dried particles are crushed in the crusher hammer type and sieved through a standard sieve No. 20 (850 ám), receiving particles sieved through a standard sieve No. 20. Mass-average size of these particles is 405 mm.

Example 1.

350,0 g of the particles of the intermediate obtained in accordance with the above product particles, placed in a stand mixer with a capacity of 4.7 liters dimensions of the intermediate particles is such that particles of intermediate sieved through a standard sieve # 60 (250 μm) and delayed standard N 100 sieve (150 microns). Prepare a solution consisting of 7.0 g of glycerol, of 35.0 g of methanol and 7.0 g of water. This solution is treated with intermediate particles by spraying a solution of intermediate particles. This solution particles of the intermediate handle when operating the mixer. Within the first 15 seconds of spraying the mixer operates with a minimum specified rate. After the first 15 seconds the mode of operation of the mixer is changed to the maximum. In total, the spraying operation requires 3 min, which allows us to develop the entire volume of the solution, treating the particles of the intermediate. This mixture is mixed for an additional thoroughly wetted with this solution. Next, the prepared mixture is placed in the hopper of the extrusion-molding installation, in particular such as described previously. The length of the screw of the extruder is 20,3 see Auger consists of 5 parts, each length of which is equal to 3.8 see the External diameter of the screw of the extruder is of 4.45 cm, and the gap between the auger and the housing is equal 0,51 see the installation of the trigger so that the screw of the extruder rotates at a speed of about 47./minutes the Mixture ekstragiruyut between two steel pressing rollers with coating (pull rolls) with a fixed (but variable) clearance. The diameter of each of the wringer rolls is 22.8 cm and a speed of rotation equal to 5.4.min Clearance between the pull rolls equal to 0.38 mm, Then the formed aggregate leaves divided into pieces of length 30 40 see the Finished aggregate leaves kept in a convection dryer with injected air stream at a temperature of 210oC for 45 min for the reaction of glycerol with the polymer material of the intermediate particles. The thickness of the sheet (with thickness) is approximately 0.8 mm, and the width is approximately 4,95 see

Example 2.

Prepare a solution consisting of 0.5 g of glycerol, 0.5 g of water and 3.0 g of isopropanol. This solution of STIs intermediate are these intermediate particles sieved through a standard sieve No. 40 (425 µm) and delayed standard sieve No. 50 (300 µm). The mixture was mixed thoroughly mixing with a spatula until then, until all the particles are not covered by the intermediate layer of the above solution. The mixture is divided into approximately equal portions. One half of the mixture evenly divided on the drying plate. This mixture is slightly pressed against the plate. Evenly cooked distribute the mixture of 0.16 g of polyester fiber. This polyester fiber is a sliced length 3.2 cm staple fiber 15,0 denier. The second half of the mixture to evenly distribute over the surface of the fibers and slightly tight. Then the whole system is rolled out with a wooden rolling pin to a thickness of approximately 1.5 mm to prevent sticking of the mixture to a rolling pin on the leaf surface when rolling impose sheet material. After that, the edge of the sheet is bent inward and the process rolling again. This procedure clinching edges/rolling ("rolling test") is repeated twice. Next, the sheet is kept in an oven with forced air circulation at a temperature of 200oC for 45 min for the reaction glits the measure) is about 1.5 mm

Example 3.

Prepare a solution containing 1.6 g of glycerol, 3.2 g of water and 12.8 g of isopropanol. This solution is used for treatment of 80 g of intermediate particles produced in accordance with example particles of intermediate. The distribution of particles of intermediate size is such that 8 weight. these particles are screened through a standard sieve No. 20 (850 ám) and delayed standard sieve No. 30 (600 µm); 15 weight. sieved through a standard sieve No. 30 (600 µm) and delayed standard sieve No. 40 (425 µm); 22 weight. sieved through a standard sieve No. 40 (425 µm) and delayed standard sieve No. 50 (300 µm); 36 weight. sieved through a standard sieve No. 50 (300 µm) and delayed standard N 100 sieve (150 microns) and 19 weight. sieved through a standard sieve N 100 (150 µm). The whole mass is thoroughly mixed until then, until all the particles of the semi-product will not be covered with a layer of the above solution. The mixture then freely distribute on the drying slab and wooden rolling pin roll into a sheet with a thickness of approximately 1.5 mm to prevent sticking of the mixture to a rolling pin on the leaf surface of this mixture was placed a sheet of MYLAR material. Then the sheet is maintained at a temperature of 200oC for 45 min in sushi is coproduct. The thickness of the finished microstructure (according to thickness) is approximately 1.5 mm

Example 4.

Prepare a solution containing 0,342 g glycerol 0,136 g of water and 1,713 g of methanol. Separately mix between a 0,512 g fiber of celebritysee substances with high absorbent capacity and 13,364 g of intermediate particles of such size that all particles are sifted through a standard sieve N 100 (150 μm), manufactured in accordance with the example of the intermediate particles, resulting in getting the mixture on the basis of the intermediate particles. Fibers are a tow, manually cut into pieces by a length in the range from about 1.25 cm to 6.35 see the Above solution is added to the mixture on the basis of the intermediate particles and thoroughly mix between a mixing spatula, receiving aggregate mixture. Thus prepared agglomerated mixture was dispensed into 15-cm Cup glass Pyrex and press down a little with a spatula to a thickness of approximately 3,8 mm, Then the formed sheet is maintained at a temperature of 200oC for 40 min in an oven with forced air ventilation for the reaction of glycerol with the polymer material of the intermediate particles. Gotovlenie form fibers, which is thoroughly mixed with the granules.

Example 5.

Prepare a solution consisting of 0,023 g of glycerol, of 0.014 g of water and 0,580 g of methanol. This solution is added to 0,880 g of the intermediate particles, consisting of fibers celebritysee substances. These fibers are made sharp manually feathering into pieces of approximately 1.25 cm to 6.35 see the Solution and particles of intermediate thoroughly mixed by rotating the spatula, resulting in agglomerated mixture. Ready agglomerated mixture is spread on a 15-centimeter-Cup glass Pyrex and press down a little with a spatula to a thickness of approximately 0,178 mm Then the sheet is maintained at a temperature of 200oC for 30 min in an oven with forced air ventilation for the reaction of glycerol with the polymer material of the intermediate particles. The resulting macrostructure is a unit parallel to the cross-linked particles, the structure of which is similar to the structure of non-woven textile material.

1. Absorbent porous polymeric macrostructure composed of particles practically water-insoluble absorbent gidrogeneratsia polymer treated with a crosslinking agent under conditions stivk the other cross-linking agent, taken in the amount of 0.01 to 30.0 wt.h. on 100 wt.h. polymer particles, under conditions of continuous contact of the particles together with the formation of the pores are interconnected through permeable to the liquid channels, and has a dry volume of more than 10 mm3.

2. The macrostructure under item 1, characterized in that the particles are practically water-insoluble absorbent gidrogeneratsia polymer have a mass-average size of less than 600 microns, mostly less than 300 microns.

3. The macrostructure on PP. 1 and 2, characterized in that it contains as a reinforcing and conductive fluid element fibrous material.

4. The macrostructure on PP.1 to 3, characterized in that the particles of absorbent gidrogeneratsia polymer optionally subjected to surface stitching.

5. The macrostructure on PP. 1 to 4, characterized in that the particles of absorbent gidrogeneratsia polymer made of carboxyl-containing polymer, and a crosslinking agent contains at least two functional groups capable of interaction with the carboxyl groups of the polymer.

6. The macrostructure on PP.1 to 5, characterized in that the particles of absorbent gidrogeneratsia polymer made of n is a and Acrylonitrile, graft copolymer of starch and acrylic acid, partially hydrolyzed graft copolymer of starch and acrylic acid, saponified copolymer of vinyl acetate and acrylic ester, hydrolyzed copolymer of Acrylonitrile and acrylamide, the product of partial crosslinking of the named copolymers, partially neutralized polyacrylic acid or the product of partial crosslinking of partially neutralized polyacrylic acid.

7. The macrostructure on PP.1 to 6, characterized in that the crosslinking agent is a compound selected from the group comprising multipart alcohol, simple polyester, polisilicon, polyamine and the polyisocyanate.

8. The macrostructure on PP. 1 to 6, characterized in that it is made and the form of a sheet with a thickness of more than 250 µm, mostly 0.5 to 3.0 mm.

9. Absorbent consisting of an upper layer made of permeable for liquid material, connected to a lower layer made of an impermeable for liquid material and located between the upper and lower layer of the absorbent layer, wherein the absorbent layer contains one or more porous absorbent polymer macrostructure under item 1.

10. The method of obtaining absorber drogenabusus polymer cross-linking agent under conditions of cross-linking of the polymer molecules, characterized in that carry out cross-linking of the polymer particles to each other cross-linking agent, taken in an amount of 0.01 30.0 wt.h. on 100 wt. including polymer particles, under conditions of continuous contact of the particles with each other.

11. The method according to p. 10, characterized in that as the particles of absorbent gidrogeneratsia polymer used particles of partially crosslinked with a low degree of crosslinking of partially neutralized polyacrylic acid, and as a cross-linking agent is used as a compound selected from the group including trimethylolpropane, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propandiol, 1,3-propandiol and glycerin.

12. The method according to p. 10, characterized in that the cross-linking of the polymer particles is carried out at 170 220oC for 0.5 to 3.0 hours

13. The method according to p. 10, characterized in that the cross-linking of the polymer particles is carried out in the presence of water and/or organic solvent.

 

 
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