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Absorbent polymer composition
Absorbent polymer composition
IPC classes for russian patent Absorbent polymer composition (RU 2091081):
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(57) Abstract:

Use: in the production of polymer materials and products, the absorbent liquid, such as water and body exudates. The inventive absorbent polymer composition consists of particles practically water-insoluble gidrogeneratsia polymer with average mass size 20-1500 μm and their aggregates. Aggregates of particles formed during the interaction of the initial polymer particles with a cross-linking agent. Bulk size units exceeds the bulk size of the original polymer particles before curing of not less than 50%. Properties of compositions: bulk shift 32,6-157%, the absorption capacity of 33.5-of 39.2 g/g, the rate of swelling of 14.6-of 38.7 g/g/s, the surface area 0,033-0,169 cm2/, 8 C. p. F.-ly, 25 ill., table 1.

The invention relates to an improved particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions. Such polymer compositions are those which by interaction with fluids (i.e. liquids, such as water or exudates bodies swell and absorb such fluids. These polymeric compositions are particularly suitable as such or in absorbent structures, such as structure is tons of adult incontinence, sanitary napkins, and so forth. The invention also relates to methods of producing such polymer compositions.

The particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions capable of absorbing large quantities of fluid, such as water or fluids of the body, and is also able to hold such absorbed fluids under moderate pressures. These absorption characteristics of such polymer compositions make them particularly suitable for introduction into absorbent articles, such as films. For example, U.S. patent N 3699103, issued in the name of Harper and others on June 13, 1972, and U.S. patent N 3670731, issued in the name of Harmon and others June 20, 1972, discloses the use of a particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions (also referred to as hydrogel, hydrocolloid, or overabsorbed materials in absorbent articles.

However, traditional particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions have a limitation in that the degree of absorption of the fluid is much lower than traditional cellulose fibers, due to a low surface area to the mass of the constituent particles of the polymeric composition. The ratio of surface area to mass of the particles corpuscle who manage the degree of complete absorption of the liquid volume of the polymer composition. The ratio of surface area to mass, and therefore, the degree of absorption of the fluid can be significantly increased by reducing srednevekovogo size of particles in the bulk polymer compositions. However, when these small particles or fines swell when interacting with fluids, particles introduced into the fibrous material, it is easy to rush into the interfiber capillaries of the material. Swollen or partially swollen trifle can also form a coagulated gel, the particles of which are pressed to each other under the forces of surface tension fluid, which leads to the formation of the gel barrier. In any case, the resistance to fluid flow across the structure increases, as only the channels of the fluid flow is blocked within fibrous material or a gel mass that leads to a marked reduction in permeability. These phenomena are commonly referred to as "gel blocking".

One attempt to break this relationship between the degree of absorption of fluid environments and gel blocking was in the Metropolitan area, by the water, many small particles into larger particles "cores". Such water-sintering technique disclosed in laid stated the situation of the particles does not lead to a moderate increase in the degree of absorption of the fluid due to increased its surface area to the mass of larger particles, water-agglomerated particles disintegrate in the interaction and/or swelling with the water solution. This leads to a concentration of swollen or partially swollen, free of fine particles, which increases the effect of the gel blocking by the above mechanisms.

Another attempt at solving this problem was the surface treatment of discrete particles. One specific method of surface treatment is surface cross-linking of discrete particles so that each particle had a higher density of crosslinking among polymer chains at or near the surface of the particles. Such techniques of surface crosslinking disclosed in U.S. patent N 4666983, issued in the name of Tsubakimoto etc. may 19, 1987, and U.S. patent N 4734478, issued in the name of Tsubakimoto etc. 29 March 1988

The closest analogue of the invention is described in U.S. patent N 4734478 absorbent polymer composition consisting of particles of practically water-insoluble gidrogeneratsia absorbent polymer made in the surface layer of cross-linking agent. Education linkages linkage between the particles are not described in this analogue. Using the described technology n hetenyi.

Surface crosslinking of the particles leads to a moderate decrease in one form of the above gel blocking by reducing the tendency of discrete particles to coagulate into an impenetrable gel mass during swelling. However, the degree of absorption of the fluid particles is not increased because the ratio of surface area to mass of the particles remains relatively constant.

Therefore, the invention provides a solution to the above problems in establishing improved particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions having a high degree of absorption of the fluid with minimal properties of gel blocking.

The purpose of the invention is the creation of a particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions with a high degree of absorption of the fluid.

Another object of the invention to obtain the particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions exhibiting minimal properties of gel blocking.

Another object of the invention is the creation of a particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions which have a high resistance to compression during use (i.e., during swelling), with the aim of preserving and/or increasing the permeability barberousse, absorbent polymer compositions having minimal dissolution of small particles in the interaction with the fluid medium or swelling.

Another object of the invention to obtain the particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions having the minimum amount of free stuff in the dry state.

An additional object of the invention to obtain the particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions that achieve predetermined levels of absorption of the fluid by selecting the specific characteristics of the preceding particles, such as srednevekovoi particle size or absorption capacity.

Another object of the invention to create a method of producing such particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions.

Another object of the invention to obtain improved absorbent products, absorbent elements and absorbent products such as diapers or sanitary napkins), including particulate, absorbent compositions in accordance with the invention.

The invention provides improved particulate, absorbent, polymeric composition consisting of particles of practically water-insoluble guy is different polymer particles with a cross-linking agent, characterized in that the said polymer particles have a mass-average size of from 20 to 1500 μm, and the mass-average aggregate size in the process of cross-linking of the particles exceeds the bulk size of the original polymer particles before curing of not less than 50%
Bulk size of the aggregated polymer particles exceeds the bulk size of the original polymer particles is not less than 100%
Named polymer particles have a mass-average amount of not less than 180 microns.

Absorbent polymer composition contains, as the particles are practically water-insoluble gidrogeneratsia polymer particles of a carboxyl-containing polymer.

As the particles are practically water-insoluble gidrogeneratsia absorbent polymer it contains particles of a polymer selected from the group of the grafted copolymer of hydrolyzed starch-Acrylonitrile graft copolymer, partially neutralized starch-Acrylonitrile graft copolymer, starch-acrylic acid graft copolymer, partially neutralized starch-acrylic acid; saponified copolymers of vinyl acetate and of ester of acrylic acid, hydrolyzed copolymer is Lacrimosa acid and the product of its partial crosslinking.

Cross-linking agent is a compound selected from the group of polyhydric alcohol, polyglycidyl ether polyfunctional derivative of aziridine, a polyfunctional amine and a polyfunctional isocyanate,
a compound selected from the group of glycerol, ethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, 1-2 or 1,3-propandiol.

Absorbent polymer composition contains a surface-crosslinked water-insoluble particles gidrogeneratsia absorbent polymer, which have a moisture content less than 50%, preferably, less than 20% and, more preferably, less than 10%
When srednevekovoi the particle size of the resulting polymer composition is increased by at least about 25% relative to srednevekovogo particle size of previous particles, formed a sufficient number of interparticle crosslinked aggregates, so that the resulting polymer composition has improved properties. Interparticle crosslinked aggregates have high structural integrity (i.e; the aggregates remained intact in the swelled state and has a relatively high resistance to compression), and minimum properties of gel blocking.

When interacting with a liquid interparticle crosslinked aggregates swell in about and absorb such liquid. Isotropic swelling of the interparticle crosslinked aggregates is due to the fact that the interparticle crosslinked aggregates retain the structural and spatial relationship of previous particles even in the swollen state (i.e., the aggregates retain its integrity, both in a dry and swollen state). Thus, the preceding particles, forming interparticle crosslinked aggregates, does not disintegrate in the interaction or swelling with fluids (so interparticle crosslinked aggregates are stable in a fluid environment"), and therefore the gel blocking is minimized. In addition, the interparticle crosslinked aggregates have a relatively high degree of absorption of the fluid to obtain quickly attain polymer compositions due to the high surface area to mass interparticle crosslinked aggregates. Thus, the interparticle crosslinked aggregates of the invention provide for the establishment of a polymeric composition which is able to absorb liquids while minimizing properties of gel blocking.

The invention also relates to an improved particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions comprising interparticle crosslinked aggregates formed from preseni previous small particles with the formation of interparticle crosslinked aggregates the ratio of surface area to mass units increases on the relationship of surface area to mass preceding particles, has the same aggregate particle size, so that the resulting polymer compositions comprising such interparticle crosslinked aggregates are of a particularly high degree of absorption of liquids (degree of swelling) while minimizing their properties gel blocking by the removal of free stuff from swollen or partially swollen polymer composition. These interparticle crosslinked aggregates also ensure the creation of effective ways to restore things in the dry compositions of the block polymer, which improves performance and handling of such polymer compositions.

The invention also relates to absorbent products, absorbent elements and absorbent articles comprising the polymer composition of the invention with the content of the interparticle crosslinked aggregates. Characteristics of such products increased due to the creation of such polymer compositions having a high degree of absorption of the fluid with minimal properties of gel blocking. In addition, larger interparticle crosslinked aggregates contributes to the opening of the capillary channel fiber materials comprising such polymeric compositions. In addition, the interparticle crosslinked is the ballot box integrity (i.e., smaller particles remain linked with each other).

The invention also relates to methods of producing such polymeric compositions comprising interparticle crosslinked aggregates. In the method of the invention interparticle crosslinking agent is applied on the preceding particles; previous particles physically associated with the formation of multiple units; and interparticle crosslinking agent is subjected to interaction with the polymer material prior to particle aggregates while maintaining the physical Association of the previous particles with the formation of cross-linkages between upstream particles for the formation of interparticle crosslinked aggregates. Interparticle crosslinked aggregates are formed according to such an extent that srednevekovoi the particle size of the polymer composition above at least about 25% srednevekovogo particle size prior to particle mass. In the preferred method interparticle crosslinked aggregates are also stitched and superficial.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a view in plan of the disposable diaper in accordance with the invention, on which a large part of the top layer cut away to more clearly show the et a longitudinal view in section of only absorbent core of a disposable diaper actions taken along the section line 2-2 in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a cross section of only the absorbent core of the disposable diaper steps, taken along the section line 3-3 in Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the absorbent element of the invention is used as an absorbent core in a disposable diaper of the steps in Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is a fragmentary, enlarged cross section of a layered absorbent element (laminate) of the invention; Fig. 6 is a perspective view of an alternative two-layer absorbent element of the invention; Fig. 7 is a section of two-layer absorbent element in Fig. 6, taken along the section line 7-7 of Fig. 6; Fig. 8 is a view in plan of another alternative absorbent element of the invention; Fig. 9 is a perspective view of another version of the absorbent element of the invention; Fig. 10 is a perspective representation with a cut disposable diaper of the invention containing the absorbent element shown in Fig. 9; Fig. 11 is a view in plan of part of the absorbent element in accordance Yu (increased approximately 30-fold) corpuscular, absorbent polymer compositions of the invention obtained in accordance with example 6; Fig. 13 is a micrograph (magnified approximately 60 times) interparticle crosslinked aggregate of the invention, selected from the image shown in Fig. 12; Fig. 14 is a micrograph (magnified approximately 40 times) particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions of the invention made in accordance with example 1, with srednevekovoi the previous size of the particles is equal to about 84 μm; Fig. 15 is a micrograph (magnified approximately 110 times) interparticle crosslinked aggregate of the invention, selected from the sample shown in Fig. 14; Fig. 16 is a perspective view of the absorbent product of the invention containing media and interparticle crosslinked aggregate of the invention, which is attached to the carrier; Fig. 17 represents the image in terms of partial incision sanitary napkins in accordance with one variant of the invention; Fig. 18 is a side view of the device used for measuring the pressure of the gel expansion of the particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions of the invention; Fig. 19 performance is a top view of the platform for installation of the speed of the device, it is shown in Fig. 18; Fig. 21 is a top view of the tool holder to align the samples of the device shown in Fig. 18; Fig. 22 is a top view of the sample holder device shown in Fig. 18; Fig. 23 is a side view of the sample holder device shown in Fig. 18; Fig. 24 is a side view of the compression support device shown in Fig. 18, and Fig. 25 is a top view of the compression support device shown in Fig. 18.

The particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions of the invention are substances capable of absorbing large quantities of fluid (i.e., liquids such as water and/or body exudates (e.g., urine or menses), and the ability to retain such fluids under moderate pressures. Usually particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions of the invention swell and quickly absorb fluids with little or no gel blocking.

As shown in Fig. 12 and 14, the polymer compositions of the invention are in particulate form. The term "particulate" is used in this description to indicate that the items that contain the annuli, powders, beads, flakes, fibers, aggregates or agglomerates. Thus, the particles can have any desired shape, for example, cubic, rod-like, polyhedral, spherical, rounded, circular, irregular, chaotic in size irregular shape (for example, powdered products units at the stage of grinding or comminution) or a form having a high ratio of the highest amount to lowest amount, as for example, a needle shape, a flaky shape or fibrous form, and so on. As shown in Fig. 12 and 14, the particles preferably include interparticle crosslinked aggregates are irregular in shape with a chaotic size.

The polymer compositions of the invention are referred to in this description as including "particles". It should be noted, however, that the term "unit" used to refer to one "particles" formed from two or more previously independent particles (i.e., "upstream particles"), connected with each other. Despite the fact that the specialist can easily determine which particles of the polymer composition are aggregates, special methods for the identification of such units, see Test Methods. Thus, in the description of izopet is UCA units, while the term "pre particles" refers to the initial links used in the formation of the obtained particles of the polymeric composition, especially aggregates. Particles formed from one preceding particles, specifically referred to as the non-aggregated particles.

Although the particles before the particles can have sizes ranging widely, the preferred specific size and size distribution of particles. For the purposes of the invention, the degree of dispersion is defined as the particle size or the preceding particles of defined particle size analysis. For example, consider that a particle that is retained on a standard sieve No. 30 c hole size 600 microns, has a particle size greater than 600 microns, a particle that passes through a sieve No. 30 with holes the size of 600 μm and is retained on a standard sieve No. 35 with holes the size of 500 μm, has a particle size of from 500 to 600 microns, and a particle that passes through a sieve No. 35 with openings of 500 μm, has a particle size less than 500 microns. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the particles typically range in size from about 1 micron to 2000 microns in diameter or cross-section, and more preferably, the particles of them is allometrically the composition of the particles or previous particles is important in defining the characteristics and properties of polymeric compositions. Srednevekovoi granulometric composition of this sample particles or preceding particles as particle size, representing the average size of particles in the sample on a mass basis. The method of determining the mass-average particle size of the sample described in test Methods. In preferred embodiments of the invention the mass-average particle size is from about 100 μm to 1500 μm, more preferably, from about 200 microns to 1000 microns.

The polymer composition of the invention is formed from polymeric materials that can absorb large quantities of liquids. Such polymeric materials are usually referred to as hydrogels, hydrocolloids or overabsorbed. Polymeric compositions preferably include particles mainly water-insoluble, absorbent, gidrogeneratsia polymeric substances. Polymeric materials suitable for particles of polymer compositions can vary widely. Special polymer materials suitable in the invention will be discussed below in relation to polymer-forming substances prior particles.

The particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions of the invention include interparticle crosslinked who Vuh or more previously independent of the previous particles. Previous particles are connected to each other through interparticle crosslinking agents, applied to the first and exposed conditions (while maintaining the physical Association of the previous particles), sufficient to ensure that the interparticle interaction of agentov crosslinking with the polymer material prior to the particles, with the formation of cross-linkages between upstream particles forming the aggregate. Fig. 13 and 15 show microphotographs of interparticle crosslinked aggregates of the invention.

Previous particles form interparticle crosslinked aggregates of the invention. Previous particles consist mainly of water-insoluble, absorbent, hydrochlorizide polymeric material. Examples of polymeric materials suitable for use as the preceding particles and particles of the resulting polymer compositions are those derived from polymerized, unsaturated monomers containing acid. Such monomers include reinosapalencia acids and anhydrides which contain at least one carbon-carbon olefinic double bond. More specifically, these monomers can be selected from olefineverbund carboxylic acids and anhydrides sour shall be used to obtain the previous particles. Such non-acidic monomers may include, for example, water-soluble or water-dispersible esters of monomers containing acid, and monomers which do not contain any carboxylic groups or sulfonic acids. Optional non-acidic monomers may therefore include monomers containing the following types of functional groups: esters of carboxylic acids or sulfonic acids, hydroxyl groups, amide-groups, amino groups, nitrile groups and Quaternary ammonium salts. These non-acidic monomers are well-known substances and are described in more detail, for example, in U.S. patent N 4076663, issued in the name of Masud and others on February 28, 1978, and in U.S. patent N 4062817, issued in the name of Westerman December 13, 1977, and these patents are introduced in this description as reference materials.

Reinosapalencia monomers anhydrides of carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid monomers include acrylic acid, presents itself acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylate acid, alpha-chloroacrylate acid, alpha cyanoacrylate acid, beta-methylacrylate acid (crotonic acid), alpha-phenylacrylate acid, beta-acroloxidae harkrisnowo acid, beta stellacreasy acid, taconova acid, citraconate acid, metaconule acid, glucagonoma acid, Aconitum acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, anhydride of tricarbocyanine and maleic acid.

Reinosapalencia sulfoxylate monomers include aliphatic or aromatic vinyl sulfonic acids, such as vinylsulfonic, arylsulfonate, visitorwantstochat and styrelseledamot; acrylic and methacrylic acid, such as sulfoetaksilat, sulfoaildenafil, sulfopropyl, alphapapillomavirus, 2-hydroxy-3-aryloxypropanolamine, 2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonate.

Preferred polymeric materials for use in the invention have a carboxyl group. These polymers include graft copolymer of hydrolyzed starch-Acrylonitrile, partially neutralized starch-Acrylonitrile grafted copolymer, graft copolymer of starch and acrylic acid, partially neutralized graft copolymer of starch and acrylic acid, saponified copolymers of vinyl acetate complex ester of acrylic acid, deprivating copolymers, partially neutralized polyacrylic acid, and slightly mesh products knitting partially neutralized polyacrylic acid. These polymers can be used both independently and in the form of a mixture of two or more monomers, compounds and the like. Examples of these polymeric materials disclosed in U.S. patent N 3661875, 4076663, 4093776, 4666983 and 4734498.

The most preferred polymer materials for use as the preceding particles are slightly reticulate polymers crosslinking, in particular, neutralized polyacrylic acids and starch derivatives. Most preferably, if the particles include from about 50 to 95%, preferably, about 75% neutralized, lightly crosslinked polyacrylic acid (for example, poly/sodium acrylate/acrylic acid).

As described above, prior to the particles preferably are polymeric materials, which are slightly mesh products knitting. Mesh stitching is to give the previous particle vodorastvorimostew and, in part, serve to determine the adsorption capacity and characteristics of the content of extractable polymer in relation predsedatel stitching are described in more detail in the aforementioned U.S. patent N 4076663.

Separate pre particles can be formed by any conventional method. Typical and preferred methods of obtaining separate preceding particles described in U.S. patent N 32649 under the heading "Hydrochlorizide polymer compositions for use in absorbent structures, the replacement of which occurred on April 19, 1988 in the name of Cerrina A. Brandt, Steven A. Goldman and Thomas A. Inglin; U.S. patent N 4666983 titled "Absorbent article" issued in the name of Cuneo Tsubakimoto, Tadao, Shimomura and Ushio Irie may 19, 1987, and in U.S. patent N 4625001 under the heading "Method for continuous receiving reticulated polymer", issued in the name of Cuneo Tsubakimoto, Tadao, Shimomura and Ushio Irie 25 November 1986, These patents introduced in this description as reference materials.

The preferred methods of education prior particles are those that use methods of polymerization in aqueous solution or other solutions. As described in the above patent N 32649, polymerization in aqueous solution involves the use of water the reaction mixture for carrying out the polymerization with the formation of the foregoing particles. Then water the reaction mixture is subjected to polymerization in the services. Thus formed mass of polymeric material is then crushed with the formation of a separate preceding particles suitable for forming interparticle crosslinked aggregates and polymer compositions.

More specifically, the method of polymerization in aqueous solution to obtain a separate preceding particles includes obtaining the aqueous reaction mixture in which polymerization with the formation of the desired previous particles. One element of such reaction mixture is Monomeric substance containing an acid group, which will form the "backbone" of the previous particles. The reaction mixture typically comprises about 100 parts by weight of Monomeric substances. Another component of the aqueous reaction mixture is agent mesh stitching. Agent net stitching, suitable for the formation of the foregoing particles, described in more detail in the above patent N 32649, issued in the name of Brandt and others, and in U.S. patent N 4666983, issued in the name of Tsubakimoto etc. and U.S. patent N 4625001, issued in the name of Tsubakimoto and other Agent net stitching is typically present in the aqueous reaction mixture in the amount of approximately from 0.001 mol. up to 5 mol. in terms of all the moth masse Monomeric substances). An optional component of the aqueous reaction mixture includes an initiator of free-radical polymerization, including for example, permissione compounds such as persulfates, sodium, potassium and ammonium, caprylyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroperoxides, cumene, tertiary butylbiphenyl, tertiary butylperbenzoate, peracetic sodium, percarbonate sodium and the like. Other optional components of the aqueous reaction mixture include various non-acidic comonomer substances, including esters essential unsaturated acid monomers containing functional groups, or other comonomers which do not contain any functional groups of carboxylic or sulfonic acids.

Water the reaction mixture is subjected to polymerization conditions sufficient to obtain a mixture of mostly water-insoluble, absorbent, gidrogeneratsia polymeric materials. The conditions of polymerization are also discussed in more detail in the above three patents. Such curing conditions typically include heating (method thermal activation) to the temperature of polymerization in the range from approximately 0 to 100oC, more than the same reaction mixture, may also include, for example, exposure of the reaction mixture or parts of any traditional form of polymerization activating radiation. Radioactive, electronic, UV or electromagnetic irradiation is an alternative to traditional methods of polymerization.

The acid functional groups of the polymeric materials formed in the aqueous reaction mixture also preferably neutralized. Neutralization can be accomplished in any conventional manner, which results in at least about 25 mol. and more preferably at least about 50 mol. the total number of monomer used for production of polymer material, which monomers containing acid groups, and these monomers are neutralized salt-forming cation. Such soleobrazutaya cations include, for example, alkali metals, ammonium, substituted ammonium and amines, which are described in more detail in the above U.S. patent N 32649 in the name of Brandt and others

Although prefer to pre particles were obtained using the process of polymerization in aqueous solution, it is also possible to carry out the polymerization with the use of the polarization or inverse suspension polymerization. When using methods of inverse emulsion polymerization or inverse suspension polymerization of the above-described aqueous reaction mixture is suspended in the form of tiny droplets in a matrix of water-immiscible inert organic solvent, such as cyclohexane. Received prior to the particles typically have a spherical shape. Methods the inverse suspension polymerization is described in more detail in U.S. patent N 4340706, issued in the name Obayashi and other 20 July 1982 in U.S. patent N 4506052, issued in the name of the Flasher and the other on March 19, 1985, and U.S. patent N 4735987, issued in the name of Morita and others on 5 April 1988, all of the above patents are cited herein as reference material.

In preferred variants of the invention, the preceding particles used for the formation of interparticle crosslinked aggregates are mostly dry. The term "mostly dry" is used to denote that the preceding particles are fluid, usually water content or other solution is less than about 50%, and preferably less than about 20% and more preferably less than about 10% by weight of the foregoing particles. Obj particles. Separate pre particles can be dried by any conventional means such as heating. Alternatively, in the formation of the foregoing particles using aqueous reaction mixture, water can be removed from the reaction mixture by azeotropic distillation. Polymer-containing aqueous reaction mixture can also be treated using a dehydrating solvent, such as methanol. You can also use combinations of these methods of drying. Dehydrated mass of polymeric material can then be crushed with the formation of mainly dry prior particles essentially water-insoluble, absorbent, gidrogeneratsia polymer material.

Preferred pre-particles in accordance with the invention exhibit high absorption capacity so that the polymer composition formed from such preceding particles, also has a high absorption capacity. Absorptive capacity refers to the ability of this polymer material to absorb the liquid with which it interacts. Absorptive capacity can vary significantly depending on the nature of absorbable liquid and sposoby determine from the point of view of the amount of synthetic urine (defined below), absorbed records polymeric material, in grams of synthetic urine on g polymer material, and this method is defined below in the section test Methods. Preferred previous particles of the invention are those that have the absorptive capacity of at least 20 g, more preferably at least 25 grams of synthetic urine per gram of polymer material. Typically polymeric materials have an absorption capacity of approximately 40 to 70 grams of synthetic urine per 1 g of the polymer material. Previous particles having the characteristics of relatively high absorption capacity, especially suitable absorbent materials and absorbent articles, as obtained interparticle crosslinked aggregates of such preceding particles can withstand high amount of body exudates, such as urine.

Separate pre particles can be subjected to surface treatment. For example, U.S. patent N 4824901, issued in the name of Alexander, and others on April 25, 1989, discloses a surface treatment of polymer particles policestation Amin. If the treated surface, the previous particles preferably obrabotannie and other may 19, 1987, and in U.S. patent N 4734478 "Photoabsorbed agent", which issued in the name of Tsubakimoto etc. on 29 March 1988 and these patents are introduced in this description as reference materials. In accordance with U.S. patent N 466983 separate pre particles can make a surface coating agent, the surface crosslinking on the previous particles and the interaction of the agent with the surface crosslinking with the polymer substance on the surface of the particles.

Although all previous particles of a given interparticle crosslinked aggregate or obtained polymer composition preferably formed from the same polymer material with the same properties, it is not always necessarily the case. For example, some previous particles can include a polymeric material of the graft copolymer of starch and acrylic acid, whereas other previous particles may include polymer-based slightly mesh products knitting partially neutralized polyacrylic acid. In addition, previous particles of a certain interparticle crosslinked aggregate or the resulting polymer composition can vary in form, absorbing ability, or any other property or characteristics include a polymeric material, consisting mainly of lightly mesh products knitting partially neutralized acrylic acid, with each preceding particle has similar properties with the other.

Previous particles may include granules, powders, spheres, flakes, fibers, aggregates, agglomerates, and so forth. So, preceding the particles can have any desired shape, for example, cubic, rod-like, polyhedral, spherical, rounded, circular, irregular, irregular shape with an arbitrary size (i.e., powdery products at the end of stage grinding) or shape such as a needle, flaky or fibrous. Preferably, as shown in Fig. 12-15 preceding particles are in the form of fine powder powder granules or flakes having an irregular shape with an arbitrary size.

Preceding the particles can have a size ranging widely. Preferably, the preceding particles have a size in the range from approximately 1 μm to 2000 μm in diameter or cross section. More preferably, the preceding particles have a size in the range from approximately 20 μm to 1000 μm. Bulk size cha is bretania preceding the particles have a mass-average particle size less than 1000 microns, more preferably, less than 600 microns, most preferably less than 500 μm, approximately.

Interparticle crosslinked aggregates in accordance with the invention also include the agent interparticle crosslinking. Agent interparticle crosslinking applied on the preceding particles and subjected to interaction with the polymer material prior to the particles, while at the same time, the physical Association between previous particles. This interaction leads to the formation of cross-linkages between upstream particles. Thus cross-link by nature are interparticle (i.e., between different previous particles). Without excessive theoretical or limitations of the invention is believed that the interaction of the agent interparticle crosslinking with the polymer material prior to particle forms cross-links between the polymer chains of different preceding particles (i.e., interparticle cross connection). For the preferred polymers believe that the agent interparticle crosslinking interacts with the crosslinking between the carboxyl groups of the previous particles. Also, without being limited by theory, it is possible to say that in respect predpochtitelnye with carboxyl groups of the polymeric materials with the formation of covalent chemical cross-linking between the polymer chains of various previous particles. Covalent chemical cross-links usually result in the formation of groups of ester, (imide) or urethane by reacting functional groups of the crosslinking agents with the carboxyl groups of the polymer material. In preferred embodiments believe that ester bonds are formed. Therefore, the preferred agents interparticle crosslinking are those agents that are able to interact with the carboxyl groups in the preferred polymer with formation of ester groups.

Interparticle crosslinking agents usable in the invention are those that interact with the polymer material prior particles used for the formation of interparticle crosslinked aggregates. Suitable agents interparticle crosslinking may include a number of different substances, such as, for example, compounds having at least two curable double bonds; compounds having at least one curable double bond and at least one functional group, interact with the polymer material; compounds having at least two functional groups that interact with the polymer material, soyauxii agents, suitable in the invention described in the aforementioned U.S. patents N 4076663 and 32649, which are introduced in this description as reference materials.

When on or in polymeric materials (i.e., polymer chains) of the previous particles are carboxyl groups, the preferred agents interparticle crosslinking possess at least two functional groups per molecule capable of interacting with a carboxyl group. Preferred agents interparticle crosslinking include polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerol (1, 2, 3 propanetriol), polyglycerol, propylene glycol, 1, 2-propandiol, 1, 3-propandiol, trimethylolpropane diethanolamine, triethanolamine, polyoxypropylene exetremely-oxopropanoic block copolymers, esters of sorbent-fatty acids, pentaerythritol, and sorbitol; connection polyglycidyl ethers, such as diglycidyl ether of ethylene glycol, diglycidyl ether of polyethylene glycol, polyglycidyl ether of glycerol, polyglycerol ether diglycerin, polyglycerol ester of polyglycerol, polyglycidyl ether of sorbitol, polyglycerol apyrene, such as 2,2-bishydroxyethyl butanol-Tris/3-(i-aziridine)propionate/, 1,6-hexamethylene diethylaniline, diphenyl methane-bis-4,4'-N, N-diethylaniline; palaeochristian, such as epichlorohydrin and --methylviologen; polyalkene compounds such as glutaraldehyde and glyoxal; connection polyamine, such as Ethylenediamine, Diethylenetriamine, Triethylenetetramine, Tetraethylenepentamine, pentamethylenebis and polyethylenimine; and polyisocyanate compounds such as 2,4-colorvision and hexamethylenediisocyanate.

You can use one agent interparticle crosslinking or two or more mainly interacting agents interparticle crosslinking selected from the group mentioned above. Particularly preferred agents interparticle crosslinking for use in the invention with a carboxyl-containing polymer chains are ethylene glycol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, 1, 2-propandiol and 1, 3-propandiol.

The relative amount of agent interparticle crosslinking that can be used in the invention is from about 0.01 parts to 30 parts by weight, predpochtitelno about 0.5-10 parts by weight, most preferably, about 1-5 parts by weight, per 100 parts by m is against using in combination with the agent(s) interparticle crosslinking upon receipt interparticle crosslinked aggregates or in the promotion or promoting the reaction between the agent interparticle crosslinking and polymer material of the previous particles.

For example, water can be used in combination with an agent interparticle crosslinking. Water promotiom uniform dispersion agent interparticle crosslinking on the surface of the foregoing particles and penetration agent interparticle crosslinking in the surface plot of the previous particles. Water also promotiom more strong physical Association between previous particle pre-reacted aggregates, as well as dry and swollen integrity of the received interparticle crosslinked aggregates. In accordance with the invention, water is used with a relative content of less than about 20 parts by weight (from 0 to 20 parts by weight), preferably in the range of about 0.01 to 20 parts by weight, more preferably in the range of about 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the foregoing particles. The actual amount of water used varies depending on the type of polymeric material and size of the previous particles.

Organic solvents can also be used in combination with an agent interparticle crosslinking. Organic solvents used for the promotion of uniform dispersion agent interparticle crosslinking on the surface of the p is varicellae. Hydrophilic organic solvents usable in the invention include lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, Isobutanol, sec-butanol and tert-butanol; ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone; ethers, such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether; amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-diethylformamide and sulfoxidov, such as dimethylsulfoxide. The hydrophilic organic solvent used in the invention, when the relative amount of less than about 60 parts by weight (approximately from 0 to 60 parts by weight), preferably in the range of about 0.01 to 60 parts by weight, more preferably in the range of about 1-20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the foregoing particles. The actual amount of the hydrophilic organic solvent will depend on the type of polymeric material and size of the previous particles.

Agent interparticle crosslinking can also be used in a mixture of water and one or more hydrophilic organic solvents. Found that using a solution of water/agent interparticle crosslinking provides a higher infiltration Skyways is orites/agent interparticle crosslinking creates minimal infiltration agent stitching. However, a mixture of all three agents is preferred to regulate the magnitude of the infiltration agent interparticle crosslinking in the surface area of previous particles. Specifically, we discovered that the higher the ratio of water to organic solvent, the deeper infiltration of the crosslinking agent, the above fluid stable aggregates under load and the greater the reduction in the resulting absorption interparticle crosslinked aggregates. Typically, the ratio of water to hydrophilic organic solvent in the solution is from about 10:1 to 1:10. A solution of hydrophilic organic solvent/water/agent interparticle crosslinking is used in a ratio of less than about 60 parts by weight (approximately from 0 to 60 parts by weight), preferably in the range of about 0.01 to 60 parts by weight, more preferably about 1-20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the foregoing particles.

Other optional components may also be mixed with a solution containing the agent interparticle crosslinking. For example, initiator, catalyst or non-acidic comonomer substances can be added to the solution. Examples of such substances are described in viewpo the units, includes obtaining previous the particles described here type coating agent interparticle crosslinking on the preceding particles, the physical Association of the previous particles with formation of multiple units, as well as the interaction agent interparticle crosslinking with the polymer material prior to particle aggregates, while maintaining the physical Association of the preceding particles, resulting in formation of cross-links between previous particles.

Agent interparticle crosslinking applied on the previous particles. Agent interparticle crosslinking can be applied by any method and device used for applying solutions to the materials, including coating, dumping, pouring, molding, spraying, fine grinding, condensation or immersion agent interparticle crosslinking on the previous particles. Used in the description of the term "put on" means that at least part of a surface area of at least one of the foregoing particles, incorporated in the unit, has caused the agent interparticle crosslinking. Thus the agent interparticle crosslinking can be applied only to some preceding particles, poverhnosti some or all of the foregoing particles. Preferably, if the agent interparticle crosslinking deposited on the entire surface of most, preferably all preceding particles, so that increased efficiency, durability and density interparticle cross-linking between the previous particles.

In preferred embodiments of the invention after application of the agent interparticle crosslinking on the previous agent particles interparticle crosslinking mixed with the preceding particles using any of the mixing techniques in order to ensure that the preceding particles are thoroughly coated with the agent interparticle crosslinking. Thorough coverage of previous agent particles interparticle crosslinking improve the efficiency, strength and density of cross-links between the previous particles. Mixing can be accomplished using a variety of techniques and devices, including a variety of mixer and kneader machine, known in the art.

Before, during or after application of the agent interparticle crosslinking on the previous last particle is physically associated with the formation of multiple units. The term "physically associerad the ug with each other as the components of any of a number of different ways and spatial interactions, with the formation of the common units.

Previous particles preferably physically associate by applying the associative agent preceding particles at least a portion of the surface prior to particles that have deposited on them associating agent. Preferred linking agents in the interaction of the foregoing particles cause the latter to be linked with each other under the forces of surface tension fluid and/or weave polymer chains due to external swelling. Associating agents usable in the invention include hydrophilic organic solvents, usually of low molecular weight alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol or isopropanol, water, a mixture of hydrophilic organic solvents and water, some agents interparticle crosslinking described above, some volatile hydrophobic organic compounds, such as hexane, octane, benzene, or toluene, or mixtures thereof. Preferred linking agents are water, methanol, isopropanol, ethanol, agents interparticle crosslinking, such as glycerol, or mixtures thereof. As a rule, associating the agent includes a mixture containing agent interparticle crosslinking, so that the stud is of Ghent.

Associating agents can be applied to the preceding particles by any known method and device used for applying solutions to the materials, including coating, dumping, pouring, spraying, fine grinding, condensation or immersion associate agent at the previous particles. Associating agent is applied to at least part of a surface area of at least one of the preceding particles aggregated in the unit. Preferably, the associative agent is applied on the entire surface of the greater part of, preferably the entire amount of the foregoing particles. Associating agent is usually mixed with the preceding particles by any known method of mixing using any known device for mixing in order to ensure thorough coverage of previous particles associating agent.

After application associate agent at upstream particles can be subjected to physical interaction in a variety of ways. For example, associating the agent himself can hold the particles in interaction with each other. Alternatively, to ensure contact between the preceding particles can ispol for to ensure contact between the preceding particles.

Previous particles alternative can be physically associated by physical retention so that they are in contact with each other. For example, preceding the particles can be Packed in a container with a set amount so that the preceding particles physically interact with one another. Alternative or in combination with the above method, the gravitational forces can be used for physical Association of the previous particles. Preceding the particles can be physically associated with one another by electrostatic attraction or by introducing an adhesive (for example, adhesive agents, such as water-soluble glue). Preceding the particles can be attached to the third element (substrate) so that the preceding particles interact with one another through the substrate.

Previous particles can be associated in different spatial relationship with the formation of aggregates, which have a range of shapes and sizes. For example, one or more of the preceding particles can be associated with centrak, the preceding particle is associated with one, two or more previous particles, or pre particles can be associated in a planar, uniform or geometric direction.

Although previous particles may be subjected to interaction in different spatial relationships preceding particles must contact at least from their surfaces to which applied agents interparticle crosslinking and/or associated agents. Usually the agent interparticle crosslinking or associating agent is applied on the entire surface of the preceding particles so that they can associate with any position on their surfaces. However, if the agent interparticle crosslinking or associating agent is applied only on part of the surface or more of the preceding particles, it is necessary to take measures to ensure the Association preceding the particles on this surface.

At the same time or after the application of agent interparticle linkage and Association of the previous agent particles interparticle crosslinking is subjected to interaction with the polymer material prior to particle aggregates in odnovremennoubezhdaet particles with getting interparticle crosslinked aggregates:
The interaction between the agent interparticle crosslinking and polymer material must be activated and completed with the formation of cross-links between different previous particles with the formation of interparticle crosslinked aggregates. Although the reaction of cross-linking can be activated by irradiation (e.g. UV, gamma or x-ray irradiation) or by catalysis, the reaction of cross-linking is preferably activated thermally (heat). The heat activates and dry the reaction and remove any volatile components present in the mixture. Such reaction conditions generally include heating of the associated preceding particles and agent interparticle crosslinking within a certain period of time and at a certain temperature. Stage heating can be accomplished using a number of different devices, including a variety of ovens for drying, are well known in the art.

Usually the reaction is carried out by heating to a temperature of more than approximately 90oC, over a period of time sufficient to complete the reaction of cross-linking. For each group of specific agents is m low or the time is too short the response does not lead to a weaker interparticle cross-linking and the desired amount of interparticle crosslinked aggregates. If the temperature is too high, the spectral absorption capacity of the previous particles may be broken, or cross-connection of these preceding particles, depending on the particular polymeric materials, can be razuporyadochen to such an extent that the resulting aggregates cannot be used for absorption of large quantities of fluid. In addition, if time and temperature are incorrect, may increase extractable levels obtained aggregates, leading to increased risk of this form of gel blocking. Therefore, the reaction is usually carried out at a temperature in the range from approximately 120oC to 300oC, more preferably in the range from approximately 150oC to 250oC.

The reaction between the agent interparticle crosslinking and polymer material preceding the particles is carried out until completion of the reaction. Time to complete the reaction varies depending on the specific agents interparticle crosslinking, polymer materials, additives, and selected reaction conditions and devices. One Metodii in comparison with the initial absorption capacity of the previous particles. Found that the reaction is typically complete when the absorptive capacity of the polymer composition is reduced to a level approximately 5-70% (Although the ideal situation would be such that when the absorptive capacity of the polymer composition is not reduced, I believe that the crosslinking reduces the absorptive capacity so that the higher the drop in absorption, the higher the strength and the number of output units). More specifically, the completion of the reaction can satisfy the following formula:
30(100 + R)Q/P95
where P denotes the absorptive capacity of the previous particle; Q denotes the absorptive capacity of the reaction product; R denotes the number of, in parts by weight, the agent interparticle crosslinking that can be used on 100 parts by weight of the foregoing particles. In some embodiments, the drop in adsorption capacity is approximately from 15 to 60% Thus, in accordance with the invention, the time for completion of the reaction in the absence of a catalyst, usually approximately from 5 minutes to 6 hours, more preferably, from about 10 minutes to 3 hours, so that was realized above the fall in absorption capacity.

The reaction of cross-linking can promote by adding the initiator and/or catalyst agent interparticle crosslinking to reduce the time and/or temperature and/or quantity of the agent interparticle crosslinking required to connect the previous particles. However, as a rule, the reaction is carried out in the absence of a catalyst.

Physical Association of the previous particles must be maintained during the reaction so that interparticle crosslinked aggregate shall have force or voltage, sufficient for dissociation of the preceding particles, cross connection between the preceding particles (interparticle cross-links) may not be formed. Physical Association of the previous particles usually supported by introduction during the reaction, causing the dissociation of forces or stresses.

As an optional and preferred steps in the method of forming a polymeric compositions comprising interparticle crosslinked aggregates, at least interparticle crosslinked aggregates and, preferably, other non-aggregated particles of the polymer composition is subjected to surface treatment. For example, U.S. patent N 4824901, issued in the name of Alexander, and others on April 25, 1989, discloses a surface treatment of polymer particles policestation Amin. In the method, the polymeric material existing at least in close proximity to the surface of the foregoing particles subjected to surface structuring as described in U.S. patent N 4666983 "Absorbent product", which issued in the name of Tsubakimoto etc. may 19, 1987, and in U.S. patent N 4734478 "Photoabsorbed agent", which issued in the name of Tsubakimoto etc. 29 March 1988 using the stage surface p, therefore, the polymer composition when it is in the swollen state. Preferably, the agent interparticle crosslinking caused by the preceding particles, also serves as agent for the surface of the staple so that the interparticle crosslinked aggregates are preferably formed surface and fastened at the same time.

As indicated above, steps in the method of obtaining the interparticle crosslinked aggregates are not necessarily in any particular order. In addition, the stage can be performed simultaneously. Below you will find ways of using the above steps.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the agent interparticle crosslinking applied on the preceding particles with simultaneous physical Association of the preceding particles, with the formation of multiple units. The agent then interparticle crosslinking is subjected to interaction with the units associated preceding particles, or immediately after performing the above steps, or after settling the mixture for a certain period of time so as to simultaneously form and surface structure interparticle crosslinked aggregates. Typically, the previous is rites. The solution agent interparticle crosslinking, water and hydrophilic organic solvent also serves as an associate agent for precursor particles. Agent interparticle crosslinking also preferably serves as the agent of the Association. Previous particles physically associated with the simultaneous addition of the mixture. The crosslinking agent is then subjected to interaction with the units associated preceding particles by heating at a temperature and for a period of time sufficient for the formation of cross-links between different prior to the release of particles and simultaneous surface crosslinking obtained interparticle crosslinked aggregates and a significant part, if not all, of any remaining neogregarine particles of the polymeric composition.

In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the agent interparticle crosslinking applied on the preceding particles; then the preceding particles physically associated; the agent then interparticle crosslinking is subjected to interaction with the preceding particle, which leads to the formation of interparticle crosslinked aggregates.

In another alternative embodiment, prior chastitiy, then the agent interparticle crosslinking is subjected to interaction with the preceding particles with the formation of interparticle crosslinked aggregates.

In another alternative embodiment, the stage takes place simultaneously with the receipt of interparticle crosslinked aggregates.

Interparticle crosslinked aggregates of the invention must be present in the polymeric composition in a quantity sufficient to obtain the above-discussed advantages. The method of determining the availability of sufficient quantities of interparticle crosslinked aggregates in the polymer composition is to determine the shift in the mass-average particle size between upstream particles and the resulting polymer composition. Preferably, the shift in the mass-average particle size should be such that the resulting polymer composition had a mass-average particle size of at least about 25%, preferably 30%, more preferably by 40%, the most preferably 50% higher than the mass-average particle size of the foregoing particles. In preferred embodiments of the invention the mass-average particle size of the previous particles is less than about 1000 microns, more preferably less than 600 μm, most p the effect of the invention of mass-average particle size of the previous particles is relatively small (i.e., preceding the particles are small). Found that the use of large quantities of fine previous particles leads to the formation of interparticle crosslinked aggregates that have a particularly high ratio of surface area to mass, so that was a high degree of swelling. Fig. 14 shows a variant of such polymer compositions, whereas Fig. 15 shows the interparticle crosslinked aggregate, which includes such fine pre particles. In these particularly preferred embodiments, the bulk size of the previous particles is less than about 300 microns. In preferred embodiments of the invention the bulk size of the previous particles is less than about 180 microns, less than about 150 μm, or less than about 106 microns. In the example embodiment, at least about 90% of previous particles have a particle size less than about 300 microns, more preferably less than about 150 microns. Since the interparticle crosslinked aggregates formed from preceding such small particles, usually include a lot of previous particles, the shift in the mass-average particle size is much greater, Naka, the resulting polymer composition has a mass-average particle size of approximately 50%, preferably at least 75%, more preferably at least 100% most preferably at least 150% approximately, higher than the bulk size of the previous particles.

The number of interparticle crosslinked aggregates within the polymer compositions can also be defined in the language of the percentage by weight of interparticle crosslinked aggregates within the polymer composition. For the preferred polymer compositions of the invention at least about 25% by weight of the particles of the polymer composition, more preferably at least about 30% by weight, more preferably at least about 40% by weight, containing interparticle crosslinked aggregates. In the most preferred embodiments, at least about 50% by weight, more preferably at least about 75% by weight, and most preferably about 90% by weight of the particles of the polymeric composition contains interparticle crosslinked aggregates.

A sign that cross-links formed between previously independent prior to the release of particles, is the fact that the resulting interparticle crosslinked aggregates alzueta here to denote the aggregate level, which is in contact with an aqueous fluid medium or swelling in it (under and/or stress) remains largely intact (i.e., at least two of the previously independent of previous particles remain associated with one another). Although the definition of resistance to fluid suggests that at least two previous particles remain associated with one another, it is preferable that all the preceding particles formed specific interparticle crosslinked aggregate, while remaining linked to each other. It should, however, realize that some of the previous particles can dissociate themselves from interparticle crosslinked aggregate, if, for example, certain particles were subsequently water-agglomerated to interparticle crosslinked aggregate.

Fluid resistance interparticle crosslinked aggregates of the invention allows interparticle crosslinked aggregate to maintain its structure both dry and wet (swollen) state, immobilizative components preceding the particles to minimize migration of the particles, and to maintain a high absorption rate of the liquid. In the final product, such as the absorbent element, the fluid resistance is bannymi even when interacting with excess fluids, the use of previously independent fine particles in the aggregated form and increase the speed of the absorption liquid resulting polymer composition while minimizing gel blocking. In addition, larger particles interparticle crosslinked aggregates open capillary channels absorbent element, providing improved performance for the treatment of liquid products.

The fluid resistance of the aggregates can be determined by using a two-step method. The initial dynamic response of aggregate link in contact with an aqueous fluid medium (synthetic urine) see before manifestation of the fully swollen equilibrium state of the unit. Test method for determination of fluid resistance on the basis of these criteria is described below in the section test Methods.

As stated above, the interparticle crosslinked aggregates retain their structural integrity even in the swollen state. This structural integrity can be measured from the point of view of pressure gel expansion of the sample. The pressure of the gel expansion of the polymeric composition refers to the ability of a sample of partially swollen, corpuscular, absorbi is assertio. Pressure gel extensions may vary depending on the size of the particles of the solution used for swelling the polymer material, the relative amount of absorption of synthetic urine (for example, X-load), as well as the geometry of the test device. X-load refers to the number of grams of synthetic urine added to grams of the particulate, absorbent, polymeric composition. Used in this description, the term "Pressure Gel Extensions" is defined in the language of the resulting force, shown partially swollen polymer material in an attempt to gain again, through elastic response, structural geometry in a relatively dry condition when it is space limited in its partially swollen state. Found that it is desirable to use in absorbent elements, those particles that have the highest possible pressure of the gel expansion in order to minimize gel blocking and promote the distribution of fluid within the structure. The pressure of the gel expansion measured in chelodina on cm2. The method of determining pressure gel extensions described below in the section test Methods.

Interparticle crosslinked aggregates the effectiveness of their swelling. The rate of swelling of the polymer composition refers to the average rate of absorption of fluid given amount of synthetic urine through a sample of the polymeric composition. The rate of swelling in the description is a measure of the rate of diffusion of fluid in the absorbent polymer in the modification of the full permeability of the gel mass. Thus, the permeability of the gel mass was the limiting factor on how quickly the gel mass can reach the other particles in the mixture. The rate of swelling is measured and determined in grams of synthetic urine on g polymer in C. the Rate of swelling can be determined using the method described below in the section test Methods.

Preferred particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions comprising interparticle crosslinked aggregates of the invention are pressure gel extension for 30 min at 28 times the load (i.e., as defined above, added 28 g of synthetic urine per 1 g of polymer), which is higher than or equal to approximately 20 chelodina on cm2. At 15 times the load pressure of the gel extensions 30 minute preferred polymer compositions greater than or equal to approximately 45 Kolodin the project for polymer compositions of the invention at 28 times the load is preferably more than (or equal to) about 0.3 g/g/s, more preferably more than (or equal to) about 0.5 g/g/sec For a particularly preferred variants of the polymer compositions of the invention, the rate of swelling at 28 times the load preferably greater than or equal to about 1.0 g/g/s, more preferably higher than or equal to about 1.1 g/g/s, most preferably higher than or equal to about 1.25 g/g/s

As indicated above, the ratio of surface area to mass of a given particle is a measure of the rate of absorption of fluid particles. The higher the ratio of surface area to mass of the particles, the more space is required for diffusion of the absorbed liquid. Thus, particles having a higher surface area to mass, with the same characteristics pressure gel extensions (that is, without loss of high pressure gel extensions) and other properties are preferred. The ratio of surface area to determine the mass ratio of square meters per gram of material. The ratio of surface area to weight of this polymer composition can be determined in accordance with the method described below in the section test Methods. In particulate, absorbent, polymeric cootnoshenie surface area to mass neogregarine particles of the same size, and therefore the rate of swelling of polymeric compositions containing interparticle crosslinked aggregates increases. In addition, the rate of swelling of the interparticle crosslinked aggregates are generally higher than the speed of previous swelling of the particles forming interparticle crosslinked aggregates of the invention.

Another otricatelniy sign polymer compositions of the invention, which is particularly useful in absorbent materials and absorbent articles, refers to the level of extractable polymer material present in such compositions. Levels of extractable polymer can be determined by the interaction of the sample polymer composition with synthetic urine for a considerable period of time (for example, at least for 16 h), which is required to achieve equilibrium extraction, followed by filtration of the supernatant liquid and the determination of the content of polymer in the filtrate. The technique used for the determination of extractable polymer in the polymeric materials described in the above U.S. patent N 32649. Polymeric composition having an equilibrium content of extractable polymer in synthetic urine of no more than about 17%, preferably, not napolitani, the particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions containing interparticle crosslinked aggregates are subjected to interaction with the fluid so that the particles swell and absorb such fluids. As a rule, interparticle crosslinked aggregates of the invention swell mainly isotropic, even at moderate locking pressure, so that the interparticle crosslinked aggregates retain their relative geometry and spatial relationship even in the swollen state. Preceding particles, forming interparticle crosslinked aggregates, does not dissociate in the interaction or swelling in the liquid to absorb (i.e., interparticle crosslinked aggregates are "fluid-resistant"), so that fine particles are not destroyed and have no gel blocking fluid intake. In addition, the interparticle crosslinked aggregates have a relatively high degree of absorption of fluid with obtaining quickly adapt materials because of the high ratio of surface area to mass interparticle crosslinked aggregates.

Although the use of polymer compositions is discussed in the description from the point of view of their use in absorbent products, absorbent elements and absorbers crosslinked aggregates, can be used for many purposes in many other applications. For example, polymeric compositions of the present invention can be used for packaging containers, devices, drug delivery device for treatment of wounds, devices for treatment of burns, materials for ion-exchange columns, building materials, agricultural and horticultural materials such as seed coating and water-retaining materials, as well as for industrial applications, such as cleaners sludge or oil, materials for the prevention of dew formation, dessicants and materials for controlling humidity.

Interparticle crosslinked aggregates or polymeric compositions containing interparticle crosslinked aggregates, in accordance with the invention are suitable in connection with the carrier. Fig. 16 shows a variant of the absorbent product 1600, in which individual interparticle crosslinked aggregate 1610 connected with native 1620. Media 1620 suitable in the present invention include absorbent materials such as cellulose fibers. Media 1620 may also be any other media known in the art, for example, non-woven makna FIBERSORB (supplied by Arco chemical company, Wilmington, Delaware), perforated polymeric materials, modified cellulose film, woven materials, synthetic fibers, metal foil, elastomers, etc., Interparticle crosslinked aggregates 1610 can join the media 1620 directly or indirectly by chemical or physical connection, including adhesives and chemical reagents that interact with the purpose of joining interparticle crosslinked aggregate 1610 to the media 1620.

As shown in Fig. 1-11, the particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions of the invention comprising interparticle crosslinked aggregates, or in a broader sense, either as preferred or particularly preferred" types, can be used in combination with a fibrous material with the formation of improved absorbent products, such as absorbent elements. Absorbent features of the invention will be described below in connection with their use in absorbent products; however, it should be understood that the potential use of absorbent elements should be limited to absorbent products.

The absorbent elements of the invention are as a rule xstacy body elements. It should be understood that for the purposes of the present invention, the absorbent element is not necessarily limited to one layer or sheet of material. Thus, the absorbent element may include laminates, thin sheets, or a combination of several layers or sheets of materials described below. Thus used in this description, the term "element" includes the term "elements", or "layers", or "layered". Preferred absorbent elements of the invention are non-woven materials or felted fabric, which contain a tangled mass of fibers (fibrous or fibre-forming material and the particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions comprising interparticle crosslinked aggregates of the invention. Absorbent elements are most preferably include a nonwoven material from a mixture of fibre-forming material and certain quantities of particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions containing interparticle crosslinked aggregates in accordance with the invention.

In the absorbent elements of the invention may be used various types of fibrous material. Any type of fibrous material, which is suitable for use in conventional absorbent of producerof include cellulose fibers, modified cellulose fibers, the hydrated cellulose fiber, polyproplene and polyester fibers such as polyethylene terephthalate (DACPON), hydrophilic nylon (HYDROFIL), etc., Other fibrous materials include cellulose acetate, polivinilhlorid, grades, acrylates, polyvinyl acetate, polyamides (such as nylon), bicomponent fiber, tricomponent fibers, mixtures thereof, etc., the Preferred hydrophilic fibrous material. Examples of suitable hydrophilic fibers along with the above include hydrophilisation hydrophobic fibers, such as thermoplastic fibers treated with surfactants or silica, obtained, for example, polyolefins, such as polyethylene or polypropylene, polyacrylates, polyamides, polystyrenes, polyurethanes, etc. actually, hydrophilisation hydrophobic fibers, which themselves are not very absorbent and which therefore do not lead to the production of a material with sufficient absorptive capacity to be used in conventional absorbent products, suitable for use in absorbent elements of the invention due to their good wicking (capillary) properties. This photomobile fibrous material, due to the high rate of absorption of fluid and lack properties of the gel blocking of the particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions of the invention used in such absorbent elements. Hydrophobic synthetic fibers can also be used but are less preferred.

For reasons of availability and cost of cellulosic fibers generally preferred for use as the hydrophilic fibrous material of the absorbent element. Most preferred are fiber-based pulp, referred to as a drying cloth.

Other cellulosic fibrous materials that can be used in some absorbent elements of the invention are chemically toughened pulp fibers. Preferred chemically toughened cellulose fibers are hard twisted, convoluted cellulose fibers, which can be obtained by the internal structuring of fibers with crosslinking agent. Types tightened, twisted, convoluted cellulose fibres, suitable as hydrophilic fibrous absorbent material elementaryand fiber) issued in the name of Dean and others on April 18, 1989, N 4888093 (Individualized structured fiber and the method of their derivation), issued in the name of Dean and the other 19 December 1989, N 4889595 (a method of obtaining a structured individualized fibers having a low content of residues, and fibers), issued in the name of Herron etc. 26 December 1989 N 4889596 (Method of obtaining individualized structured fibers, and fiber), issued in the name Shulgina etc. 26 December 1989 N 4889597 (Method of obtaining hydrated structures containing individualized tightened fiber) issued in the name of Bourbon and other December 26, 1989, and N 4898642 (Folded, chemically toughened cellulose fibers and absorbent structures made of them), issued in the name of Moore and others on 6 February 1990, All of these patents entered in the description as references.

Used in this description, the term "hydrophilic" means fibers or the surfaces of fibers which are wetted by the liquids deposited on the fiber (i.e., if the water or the water environment easily spread on or over the surface of the fiber without regard to what may or may not fiber to really absorb the fluid, or to form a gel). In the prior art, aeoga angle (wetting) and the surface tension of liquids and solid phone This issue is discussed in detail in a publication of the American chemical society "Boundary angle, wettability and adhesion" edited by Robert F. Gould (copyright protected since 1964 ). They say that the surface of the fiber is wetted by the liquid or the boundary at an angle between the fluid and the fiber or surface which is less than the 90oor when the liquid has a tendency to spontaneous spread over the surface of the fiber; both conditions normally co-exist.

The relative amount of fibrous material and particulate, absorbent, polymeric composition in the absorbent elements of the invention can be most conveniently expressed as the mass percentage of the absorbent element. The absorbent elements preferably contain from about 2 to 98% more practicale from 5 to 75%, and most predpochtitelno, about 10 to 60% by weight of the absorbent element of the particulate, absorbent, polymeric composition. This concentration of the particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions can be expressed in the mass ratio of fiber to the macro particle. This ratio can vary from about 98:2 to 2:98. For most of absorbent elements optimalen is but from about 90:10 to 40:60.

In addition, the particulate, absorbent, polymeric composition can be atomized in various public relations at the various sites and the thickness of the absorbent element. For example, a mixture of fibrous material and particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions can be placed only in certain parts of the absorbent element. Preferably, the absorbent element contains uniformly distributed mixture of hydrophilic fibrous material and particulate, absorbent, polymeric composition. The polymer composition can basically evenly dispersing (thoroughly atomized) around the absorbent element (U.S. patent N 4610678 "High-density absorbent structures"), issued in the name Field So Weisman and Stephen A. Goldman on 9 September 1986 and this patent is entered in the description by reference. Alternatively, the polymer composition can be distributed on sites or areas that have higher concentrations of polymer compositions than other areas or zones. For example, U.S. patent N 4699823, issued in the name of Kellenberger, etc. on October 13, 1987, discloses an absorbent element having the particulate, absorbent, polymeric composition, RA is entrusted, the concentration gradient across the thickness has the lowest concentration near the surface of the absorbent element, which receives the liquid (i.e., upper surface), and the highest concentration near the rear surface of the absorbent element. This patent also entered into the description by reference.

As noted above, corpuscularian, absorbent polymer compositions of the invention may have a particle size within wide limits. However, when using absorbent elements other circumstances may prevent the use of very small or very large particles. For reasons of industrial hygiene are less desirable particles having a size less than about 30 microns. Particles with a size higher than about 2 mm are also undesirable because they can cause a sensation of fine particulate (abrasive) particles in the absorbent element, which is undesirable from an aesthetic point of view of the consumer. For use in accordance with the invention, preferred are particles with a size of approximately from 45 to 1000 microns.

The density of the absorbent elements may be of importance when determining absorption properties absorbedby elements typically ranges from about 0.06 to 0.5 g/cm3more preferably, in the range approximately from 0.09 to 0.30 g/cm3. Density values for these structures is calculated from their main mass and caliber. The caliber is measured in "moderate" a load equal to 10 g/cm2. The bulk of the measured cutting punching sample of a certain size and weighing the sample on an absolute scale, the mass and the square of the sample determine the bulk. The values of the density and the mass includes the mass of particles of the polymer composition.

The absorbent elements may contain a number of optional materials in addition to fibrous materials and components of the polymeric composition. Such optional materials may include, for example, an auxiliary means of distribution of the fluid, antimicrobial agents, pH adjustment agents, agents to control odor, odorants, etc., In the presence of these optional components typically comprise not more than about 30% by weight of absorbent elements.

The absorbent elements, comprising a mixture of fibrous material and particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions of the invention may be obtained by any method that brings about the invention preferably is formed by air-laying essentially dry mixture of fibers and particles of the polymer composition and, if desirable, by the compression of the material obtained. This technique is described in more detail in the above U.S. patent N 4610678, which is mentioned in the reference. As indicated in this patent, stacked canvases, educated using this method, preferably contain unbound fibers have a moisture content of preferably 10% or lower. Upon receipt of the canvases way air laying or any other traditional method, caution should be exercised when handling and transporting particles of polymer compositions in order to avoid destruction of these particles into smaller particles. This is true even when the particles are the interparticle crosslinked aggregates, although interparticle crosslinked aggregates and have a relatively high structural integrity in the dry state.

In an alternative embodiment, the absorbent element of the invention, the absorbent element includes a laminate (laminated absorbent element) that contains at least one, and optionally two or more layers of dispersed particles of the polymer composition. Laminates preferably include layers or sheets of fibrous material, preferably a sheet of absorbent material), Corbera laminar structure"), issued in the name of Timothy A. Kramer, Gerald A. young and Ronald U. Coca 25 March 1986, and this patent is entered in the description by reference. Additional methods and devices for obtaining such laminates are described in U.S. patent N 4551191 ("Method uniform distribution of discrete particles on a moving porous material"), issued in the name of Ronald U. cook, and John A. Esposito November 5, 1985, and this patent is entered in the description by reference.

Fig. 5 shows a sample laminar absorbent element 70 of the invention. Layered absorbent element 70 preferably includes four sheets of fibrous material: the top sheet 81, the bottom sheet 84 and the intermediate sheets 82 and 83. Layered absorbent element 70 has an inner sections 86, 87 and 88 between adjacent sheets particles 75 particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions of the invention, forming a discontinuous layer of each of the inner slice 86, 87 and 88. As shown in Fig. 5, the layered absorbent element 70, furthermore, preferably has a conical protrusions 90 in the upper surface 71 and the corresponding conical recesses 91 in the bottom surface 72.

Layered absorbent of elemental, each strip has two mainly parallel to the surface, n represents an integer of 2 or higher; and particles of the particulate, absorbent compositions of the invention. Layered absorbent elements 70 of the invention have the upper surface 71 and the lower surface 72. Layered absorbent elements 70 include n plates of fibrous material, and n denotes an integer of 2 or higher. Plate (bands) represent the layers so that there is the topmost strip 81, the lower bar 84 and the intermediate strips 82, 83 (n 2), and boundary layers 86, 87, 88 (n - 1) two opposite adjacent cooperating surfaces of adjacent strips of material. Each of the boundary layers is the surface area. Particles 75 polymer compositions to form a discontinuous layer at one or more boundary layers.

Layered absorbent elements 70 of the present invention may have two more plates of fibrous material. The number plates are usually limited by the thickness of the plate. Preferably, from 2 to 12 plates of fibrous material, more preferably, from 2 to 5 plates (approximately) of fibrous material. Particles 75 particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions can € be enabled only between some of the adjacent plates of fibrous material.

Used the term "sheet of fibrous material" refers to a sheet of thin, essentially contiguous material having two generally parallel to the surface. Although the sheet of fibrous material should not be flat or smooth, it is or can be essentially in a flat, two-dimensional location of unlimited length and infinite width, speaking in two dimensions. Examples of sheets of fibrous material used in laminar absorbent elements 70 of the invention, include many types of paper and nonwovens. The sheets of fibrous material used in the invention preferably are sheets of absorbent paper, most preferably, absorbent cloth. The sheets of fibrous material may consist of the same fibrous material or of different fibrous materials.

In a layered absorbent elements 70 of the invention, the sheets of fibrous material preferably is fragile linked mainly at the expense of the weave fibers between the interacting surfaces of the adjacent sheets in the boundary layers, where the particles 75. Particles can be immobilized in boundary layers accounts for the AMI using several different methods. For example, a thin stream of glue may be applied to the sheets in order to glue the particles to the sheet. Alternatively, adhesive can be applied to the fibrous sheet according to a certain pattern, for example, a spiral pattern, which links the sheets of fibrous material with each other, forming pockets that trap particles. In addition, the sheets can be bonded hydrogen bond with the particles by spraying water into fog-like condition on leaves, add particles, compression plates with each other and drying the obtained layered absorbent element. As shown in Fig. 5, the fibrous sheet is preferably twisted between two winding surfaces with associated geometrical protrusions 90 in the Z-direction and the recess 91 is relatively layered stop sheets. An approximate method of obtaining such a layered absorbent elements described in the aforementioned U.S. patent N 4578068.

Alternative layered absorbent features of the invention is a "bag" containing the particulate, absorbent, polymeric composition. The bag is a layered absorbent element, in which the number of fibrous sheets is equal to two. Fiber sheets are connected to each other are enclosed between fibrous sheets in his pocket. Thus the bag is reminiscent of tea in that the particulate, absorbent, polymeric composition swells freely and absorbed within the bag. Fibrous sheets of the bag preferably includes a non-woven material, known in this technical field, with non-woven sheets, which are hotly sealed around the periphery; although it is possible to use other known methods of sealing sheets, for example, adhesives or connection using ultrasound.

Because of the unique absorbent properties of the particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions discussed herein, the absorbent elements of the invention are particularly suitable for use as absorbent frames in absorbent articles, especially absorbent products from time to time. Used in this description, the term "absorbent article" refers to articles which absorb and contain body exudates and more specifically refers to articles which are placed opposite (or near) the body of the owner in order to absorb and contain the various exudates originating from the body. In addition, the "absorbent products disposable" prednaznachalsya reused as absorbent articles, although some of the material or the absorbent product can be completely recycled, reused, or composted). Preferred absorbent articles, diaper 20, shown in Fig. 1. Used in this description, the term "film" refers to a garment that is usually worn babies and adults suffering from incontinence, around the lower torso of the owner of the product. It should be understood that the invention is also acceptable to other absorbent articles, such as pants for sufferers of incontinence pads for those suffering from incontinence, training pants, inserts for the diapers, sanitary bags, paper tissues for removing make-up, paper towels, etc.

Fig. 1 is a view in plan of the diaper 20 of the invention in its undisguised, uncompressed state (i.e., deleting all of the elastic parts, causing reduction), with parts of a design which is cut with the purpose of more clearly showing the construction of the diaper 20 and with the parts of the diaper 20 which are in contact with the owner. In Fig. 1, the diaper 20 includes front grosgrain region 22, the rear grosgrain region 24, a crotch area 26 and the periphery 28 which is defined by the outer edges of Pele is but has a transverse center line, denoted by position 34, and the longitudinal Central line, which is indicated by position 36.

The diaper 20 preferably includes a liquid permeable top layer 38, a liquid impermeable back layer 40 connected to the upper layer 38, the absorbent core 41 (absorbent element 42) located between the upper layer 38 and the rear layer 40, the elastic elements 44 and belt clasp with loops 46. Although the top layer 38, the rear layer 40, the absorbent core 41 and the elastic elements 44 can be assembled in a number of well known configurations, a preferred configuration of the diaper is described generally in U.S. patent N 3860003 ("Compressible side parts for disposable nappies"), issued in the name of Kenneth B. Buell January 14, 1975, and this patent is entered in the description by reference. An alternative preferred configuration of the disposable diaper is also disclosed in U.S. patent N 4808178 ("Absorbent article for disposable use, having a flexible rim tape with parts that are resistant to infiltration"), issued in the name of Mohammed I. Aziz and Ted L. Blaine February 28, 1989 in U.S. patent N 4695278 (Absorbent article having dual cuffs), vidhanam in the name of John, Foreman March 28, 1989, All of these patents are introduced in this description as a reference.

Fig. 1 shows a preferred variant of the diaper 20 in which the upper layer 38 and the rear layer 40 are joint factor extensiveness and have dimensions of length and width, usually large, than has the absorbent core 41. The top layer 38 is associated and is superimposed on the back layer 40, thereby forming the periphery 28 of the diaper 20. The periphery 28 defines an outer perimeter or edges of the diaper 20. The periphery 28 includes a longitudinal edge 30 and trailing edge 32.

The diaper 20 has front and rear grosgrain region 22 and 24, respectively, extending from the end edges 32 of the periphery 28 of the diaper in the direction of the transverse center line 34 of the diaper at a distance of preferably about 5% of the length of the diaper 20. Grosgrain areas include the upper part of the diaper which, when worn surround the waist of the wearer. The perineum 26 represents the portion of the diaper 20 between grosgrain regions 22 and 24 and includes part of the diaper 20 which, when worn is located between the legs of the holder and covers the lower torso of the wearer. Thus the perineum 26 determines the size of the conventional deposition fluid is pliable, soft to the touch and not irritating the skin of the owner object. In addition, the upper layer 38 is permeable to liquid, allowing the liquid to penetrate through its thickness. Suitable top layer 38 can be made from a variety of materials, such as cellular plastics, reticulated foams, plastic film with holes, natural fibers (e.g. wood or cotton fibers), synthetic fibers (e.g. polyester or polypropylene fibers), or may be made from a combination of natural and synthetic fibers. Preferably, the upper layer 38 is made of a hydrophobic material to isolate the skin of the wearer from liquids in the absorbent core 42.

Especially preferred top layer 38 includes polypropylene fibers of staple length, having a denier of about 1.5, such as polypropylene Hercules 151 type supplied to the market Hercules, Inc. Wilmington, Delaware. Used herein, the term "staple fiber length" refers to those fibers which have a length of at least about 15,9 mm (0.62 per inch).

There are a number of manufacturing techniques that you can use to obtain the upper layer 38. For example, upper layer 38 may be tannim when Pomos well-known methods in the field of fabrics. Preferably, the upper layer 38 has a mass of approximately 18 to 25 g/m2the minimum tensile strength in the dry state at least about 400 g/cm in the longitudinal direction, and the tensile strength in the wet state of at least about 55 g/cm in the transverse direction.

The back layer 40 is impervious to liquids and is preferably manufactured from a thin plastic film, although you can use other flexible materials which do not pass the liquid. The back layer 40 prevents the exudates which are absorbed and contained in the absorbent core 41, wetting articles which contact the diaper 20, such as bed sheets and undergarments. Preferably, the back layer 40 is a polyethylene film with a thickness of from about 0.012 mm (0.5 mil) to 0.051 cm (2,0 mil), although it is possible to use other elastic material impermeable to the liquid. Used herein, the term "flexible" refers to materials that are pliable and easily conform to the General shape and contours of the body of the wearer.

Suitable polyethylene film is manufactured in the Monsanto chemical Corporation and put on the market as film N 8020, rear rear layer 40 may allow couples to go out of the absorbent core 41, at the same time preventing the passage of fluids through the back layer 40.

The size of the rear layer 40 is dictated by the size of the absorbent core 41 and the selected design of the diaper. In a preferred embodiment, the back layer 40 has a modified hourglass shape extending beyond the absorbent core 41 on the minimum distance at least approximately from 1.3 to 2.5 cm (about 0.5-1.0 inch) around the full periphery 28.

The top layer 38 and the rear layer 40 are connected in any suitable manner. Used herein, the term "joined" encompasses configurations in which the top layer 38 is directly connected to the back layer 40 by attaching the top layer directly to the back layer 40, and a configuration in which the upper layer 38 is attached indirectly to the back layer 40 by attaching the upper layer 38, the intermediate elements, which in turn are attached to the back layer 40. In a preferred embodiment, the upper layer 38 and the rear layer 40 are attached directly to each other in the periphery of the diaper by means of fixing means (not shown) such as adhesive or any other fastening device known in this field. For example, when the first adhesive layer or lattice of separate lines or spots of adhesive.

Tape dungeons with loops 46 are usually put on the back grosgrain region 24 of the diaper 20 to receive fastening means for holding the diaper on the wearer. In Fig. 1 shows only one belt buckle with loop. Belt buckle with loops 46 are described, for example, in U.S. patent N 3848594, issued in the name of Kenneth B. Buell November 19, 1974, and this patent is entered in the description by reference. These tape fasteners with loops 46 or other means for fastening the diaper usually located near the corners of the diaper 20.

Elastic elements 44 are located near the periphery 28 of the diaper 20, preferably along each longitudinal edge 30 so that the elastic elements 44 draw and hold the diaper 20 at the owner's feet. Alternatively, the elastic elements 44 can be located near either or both end edges 32 of the diaper 20 with obtaining the bodice, as well as manilow at the hips. For example, suitable corsage is disclosed in U.S. patent N 4515595 (disposable Nappies with elastically compressible corsages), issued in the name of David J. Kavita and Thomas F. Osterhage may 7, 1985, and this patent is entered in the description by reference. In addition, the method and apparatus suitable for manufacturing the diaper one is for continuously attaching discrete, stretched elastic strands to predetermined isolated portions of absorbent products disposable), issued in the name of Kenneth B. Buell 28 March 1978 and this patent is entered in the description by reference.

Elastic elements 44 are attached to the diaper 20 in terms of the elastic tightening so that usually unlimited configuration elastic elements 44 effectively compress or gather the diaper 20. Elastic elements 44 can be attached in the regime of elastic tightening at least two ways. For example, the elastic elements 44 can be stretched and secured at that time, as the diaper 20 is in nasatya. Alternatively, the diaper 20 can be compressed, for example, by pleating, and the elastic elements 44 are fixed and connected to the diaper 20 in a time when the elastic elements 44 are in a relaxed or uncompressed condition.

In the variant shown in Fig. 1, the elastic elements 44 cover basically the entire length of the diaper 20 in prometnoy region 26. Alternatively, the elastic elements 44 may extend along the entire length of the diaper 20, or any other length suitable to create elastically compressible line. The length of the elastic element 44 is determined by the design and the elastic elements 44 may vary from about 0.25 mm (0.01 inch) to 25 mm (1.0 inch), or more; the elastic elements 44 may include a single strand of elastic material or may comprise several parallel or non-parallel strands of elastic material; or the elastic elements 44 may be rectangular or curved. In addition, the elastic elements 44 may be attached to the diaper by any known in this field by the way. For example, the elastic elements 44 may be attached by ultrasonic connection, Packed in the diaper 20 using heat or pressure using a number of schemes tying, or elastic elements 44 can be simply glued to the diaper 20.

The absorbent core 41 of the diaper 20 is located between the upper layer 38 and the rear layer 40. Absorbent core 41 can be manufactured with a wide range of sizes and shapes (e.g., rectangular, hourglass, asymmetric, and so forth) from a variety of materials. The total absorptive capacity of the absorbent core 41 must, however, be compatible with the flat loading liquids for the intended use of the absorbent article or diaper. In addition, the size and absorptive capacity of the absorbent core 41 can be changed with the purpose of parole is Davina 41 preferably includes an absorbent elements of the invention, which contain a mixture of fibrous material and of certain quantities of particles of the particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions of the invention that include interparticle crosslinked aggregates.

The preferred option diaper 20 has an absorbent core with a modified form of an hourglass. The absorbent core 41 is preferably an absorbent element 42 comprising a layer of felt material or fiber-based prelesnoi cellulose, and located therein particulate, absorbent, polymeric composition.

Alternatively, the absorbent core in accordance with the invention can consist simply of the particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions of the invention, a combination of layers including the polymer compositions of the invention (including laminates), or any other configuration of the absorbent core, known in the literature. Examples of suitable configurations of the absorbent core are described, for example, in U.S. patent N 3670731, issued in the name of Harmon June 20, 1972, in U.S. patent N 3669114, issued in the name of Moran June 15, 1972 in U.S. patent N 3888257, issued in the name of cook and other June 10, 1975, in U.S. patent N 3901231, issued in the name of Asarone and other 2nd of Pieniacka and other on February 19, 1985, All of these patents are introduced in this description as a reference.

The examples option absorbent core 41 includes a hydrophilic fibrous material and particulate, absorbent, polymeric composition of the invention, as for example, the absorbent element described in U.S. patent N 4610678 (Absorbent structure high density), which issued in the name of Paul I. Weisman and Stephen A. Goldman on 9 September 1986 and this patent is entered in the description by reference. An alternative absorbent core 41 is a two-layer absorbent core with the preferred configuration, which is basically described in U.S. patent N 4673402 (Absorbent product with two hearts), issued in the name Field So Weisman, down And. of Huyton and Dale A. Gellert, June 16, 1987, and this patent is entered in the description by reference. The absorbent core in accordance with this patent has an upper layer of the asymmetric shape and the bottom layer of the same shape. Particularly preferred absorbent core 41, is suitable in the invention described in U.S. patent N 4834735 (Absorbent elements high density with low density is nd the patent is entered in the description by reference. In accordance with this patent absorbent elements have the storage area in the reception area, the latter has a lower density and a lower average mass per unit area than the storage area, so that the reception area can effectively and fast enough to take the drained liquid.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the preferred option absorbent core 41 (absorbent element 42) of the invention in accordance with the description in the aforementioned U.S. patent N 4834735. Fig. 4 shows that the absorbent element 42 includes a rear portion 48 and the front part 50. The front part 50 has an end region 52 and the area sediments 54. Area deposits 54 includes a reception area 56 (shown in broken line) and the storage area 58. In addition, the front portion 50 is divided in the transverse direction at three sites, which include two transversely spaced areas of the lugs 60 and 62, respectively, and the Central region 64. The absorbent element 42 additionally has a transverse Central line, which is indicated by the position 68.

The absorbent element 42 has a rear portion 48 and the front part 50, which is in contact with the rear part 48. The rear portion 48 and the front frequent the Board of the transverse center line 66, the rear portion extends over a distance of approximately one half to 3/4, preferably, about 2/3 of the length of the absorbent element 42. The front portion 50 preferably has a length of more than half of the total length of the absorbent element 42, so that it covers the entire area of the conventional deposition of a liquid absorbent element 42 when the latter is placed in the diaper or other absorbent article.

The front part 50 has an end region 52 and the area sediments 54. End region 52 includes that part of the front portion 50 that extends from the respective end edges 70 of the absorbent element 42 in the direction of the transverse center line 66 at a distance of approximately from 2 to 10%, preferably about 5% of the length of the absorbent element 42. Area deposits 54 includes that part of the front portion 50, which is adjacent to and located between the end region 52 and the rear part 48 and covers an area of normal deposition of fluid in the absorbent element 42.

The front part 50 also has two transversely spaced areas of the lugs 60 and 62, respectively, and the Central region 64 located between the regions of the lugs 60 and 62. The area of the lugs 60 and 62 include those from the Oh line at a distance of approximately 1/10 to 1/3 the width of the absorbent element 42. Thus, the area of the lugs 60 and 62 represent those areas that take the side edges of the waist and torso of the owner, whereas the Central region 64 occupies the middle portion of the waist and torso of the wearer. Thus the Central region 64 defines the cross-sectional area normal to the deposition of the liquid.

Area deposits 54 includes a reception area 56 and the storage area 58 in liquid-message at least part of the area of the side surface areas 56. The reception area 56 includes parts of the region deposits 54, indicated by broken lines in Fig. 4. The storage zone 58 typically includes the rest of the zone sediments 54, and more preferably, the remaining portion of the absorbent element 42.

The storage area 58 is a relatively vysokomobilnuju (with high density and high mass) part at least of the zone sediments 54. The main functions of the storage area are the absorption of liquids, either directly fall into the storage zone 58 or transferred to the storage area 58 through gradients of capillary forces established between the receiving area 56 and the storage zone 58 and the retention of such liquids under pressure as a result of movements of VLE USA N 4610678, and lower the storage layer of the fluid is described in U.S. patent N 4673402, although you can use other vysokoopasnye patterns. Both U.S. patent entered into this description by reference.

The storage zone 58 preferably has a relatively high density and mass per unit area relative to the reception area 56. Values of density and mass storage area 58 includes weight of the particles of the polymeric composition, so that the values of density and mass vary depending on the number of particles dispersed in the absorbent element 42.

Although the storage zone 58 can take a variety of sizes and shapes, it is preferable that the storage zone 58 included part of at least the area of deposits 54, where there is no reception area 56. (That is, the full scope deposits 54 includes a storage area 58 with the exception of the reception area 56). Although the rear part 48 and the end region 52 does not need storage areas, in preferred embodiments, the absorbent element 42, as shown in Fig. 2, 3 and 4, the full absorbent element 42 with the exception of the reception area 56 includes one or more storage areas. In addition, although the storage zone 58 is not necessary to surround the side of the reception area 56 (i.e. pactically embodiments of the invention, the storage zone 58 on the side surrounds the reception area 56 with the to extract full benefit from the differences in capillarity between them.

The reception area 56 has a relatively low capillarity and therefore preferably lower average density and lower average mass per unit area, weeks storage area 58. The reception area 56 serves to quickly collect and temporarily hold liquid. Since such liquid mainly emitted fountains, reception area 56 should be able to quickly make and to transport liquid, soaking it up at the point of interaction with the fluid and shifting to other parts of the absorbent element 42.

Although part of the reception area 56 can be located in the rear section 48 of the absorbent element, the receiving area 56 preferably is typically located in the front part 50 of the absorbent element 42 so that the reception area 56 is located in the area of conventional deposits liquid, that is, area deposits 54. Therefore, the reception area 56 is placed in the immediate vicinity of the point of leakage of the fluid, so that it quickly took such fluid in the interaction zone with her.

Positioning mainly forward reception area 56 may be determined by establishing the percentage of the area of the upper surface of the reception area of 56 to the us receiving 56 can alternatively be defined in the scope of coverage, located ahead of certain points, found that the area of the upper surface of the reception area 56 is a more desirable determination, as the area of the upper surface actually determines the initial size that is acceptable for fluid intake. In addition, since the thickness of the absorbent element 42 is preferably uniform in the zone sediments 54 and the reception area 56 has a generally rectangular cross-sectional area, the definition of the area of the upper surface is equal to the volume defined in the preferred embodiment. Thus the positioning of the reception area 56 in the description of the invention will be mentioned in relation to the area of its upper surface. (That is, the percentage of the area of the upper surface of the reception area, located in this area.)
Thus, in accordance with the invention, at least part of the reception area 56 must be located in an area deposits 54, even if the rest can be located anywhere in the absorbent element 42, including the rear portion 48 and an end region 52. (It should be understood that when using multiple reception areas at least part of the reception area should be located in an area deposits 54.) Odnako surface areas 56 is located wholly within the front part 50 of the absorbent element 42. More preferably, the receiving area 56 is positioned relative to the absorbent element 42, so that the area of the upper surface of the reception area 56 is located wholly within the zone sediments 54 absorbent element 42. Even more preferably, at least 30% of the area of the top surface areas 56 are located in the front half of the front (about anterior 1/3 of the total absorbent element 42) absorbent element 42.

The reception area 56 may be of any desirable shape, which meets the requirements of absorbance absorbent element 42 or diaper 20, including, for example, round, rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, oblong, as well as the shape of an hourglass, funnel-shaped, the shape of dog bones, the shape of a Fox muzzle or oval shape. A preferred form of coverage 56 those that increase the perimeter of the boundary between the reception area 56 and the storage zone 58 so that fully uses the relative difference in capillarity between zones. In the variant shown in Fig. 1-4, the reception area has an oval shape with an area of the top surface of about 45 cm2(about 7 square inches).

Order saved the 2 area of the upper surface or the volume of the storage area 58 must include a minimum amount of space or volume of the upper surface of the front portion 50. Thus, it is found that the reception zone 56 should preferably include less than the full top surface and/or volume of the front part 50 of the absorbent element 42. (As in the preferred embodiment, the receiving area 56 has a generally uniform thickness and cross-sectional area, the volume can be shared with the area of the upper surface as the defining point.) The area of the upper surface side of the reception area 56, located in the front section 50 of the absorbent element 42, preferably contains less than 50% of the area of the upper surface of the front portion 50. More preferably, the area of the upper surface of the reception area 56 includes less than approximately 35% of the area of the upper surface of the front part 50 of the absorbent element 42, it is particularly preferably less than approximately 20% in Addition, the area of the top surface areas 56 preferably includes less than about 50% of the area of the upper surface of the zone sediments 54, more preferably, less than about 35%, the most preferably, less than approximately 20%
The reception area 56 may also have a number of areas and configurations with different cross sections, including those in which the area of the parts ZON surface of the absorbent element 42.) For example, the reception area 56 may have a tapered, trapezoidal, T-shaped or rectangular cross-sectional area. As shown in Fig. 2 and 3, the reception area 56 preferably has a rectangular cross-sectional area in order to smooth the reception area 56.

In addition, the reception area 56 does not necessarily include the full thickness of the absorbent element 42, it may extend only part of its full thickness. The reception area 56 may have a thickness different from the thickness of the surrounding sides of the storage area 58. However, in the preferred embodiment, shown in Fig. 2 and 3, the reception area 56 preferably extends through the entire thickness of the absorbent element 42 and has a thickness of environmental storage area 58 in the area of deposits 54.

Although the reception area 56 may be arranged in the transverse direction at any location along the absorbent element 42 is detected that the reception area 56 operates more efficiently when it is centered transversely within the front section 50 or zone sediments 54 absorbent element 42. Thus, the reception area 56 is preferably centered about the longitudinal center line 68 of the absorbent element 42. More preferably, the receiving area 56 raroyeho element 42 so that the reception area 56 is not located in areas of the lugs 60 and 62.

Such absorbent element 42 is preferably obtained by aerial deposition of preformed blanks absorbent element, which is profiled in thickness, followed by calandrinia absorbent element 42 in the roll of the calender with a fixed gap to effect the seal absorbent element 42. Profiled on the thickness of the absorbent element 42 is initially square higher mass basis, which define the storage area 58, and a lower mass basis, which define the receiving area 56. The absorbent element 42 then calendarbut preferably, at least until a uniform thickness in the area of deposits. Thus creating a lower average density and lower weight per unit area of coverage 56 relatively higher average density and higher mass storage area 58. In addition, the particulate, absorbent, polymeric composition is added to the captured air stream fiber before applying for a pre-molded preparation for the implementation of the uniform distribution of polymer composition on pre estline absorbent core in accordance with the invention. The absorbent layer receiving 674 is located above the absorbent element 642 with the formation of a two layer absorbent core. The example is similar to the two-absorbent core are described in detail in the above U.S. patent N 4673402, which is included in this description by reference.

This absorbent layer receiving 674 serves to quickly collect and temporarily store liquid and to transport such liquids by absorption from the point of initial contact with other parts of the absorbent layer receive 674. Because the primary responsibility of the absorbent layer receive 674 is the adoption of the fluids passing through the upper layer 38, and the transportation of such liquids in other parts of the absorbent layer receive 674 and eventually to the absorbent element 642, the absorbent layer receiving 674 may be essentially free of polymeric compositions. The absorbent layer receiving 674 preferably consists essentially of hydrophilic fiber material. Alternatively, the absorbent layer receiving 674 may contain a certain number of polymeric compositions. Thus, the absorbent layer receiving 674, for example, may contain approximately 50% by weight of the polymer composition.the weight of the polymeric composition. In other preferred embodiments, the absorbent layer receiving 674 contains chemically toughened cellulose fibers described above.

The absorbent layer receiving 674 in the deployed configuration may be of any desirable shape, such as rectangular, oval, oblong, asymmetric or the shape of an hourglass. The shape of the absorbent layer receive 674 can determine the basic shape obtained diaper 20. In preferred embodiments of the invention, as shown in Fig. 6, the absorbent layer receiving 674 has the shape of an hourglass.

The absorbent element 642 of the invention should not be the same with absorbent layer receiving 674 size and in fact may have a square upper surface, which is significantly smaller or larger than the area of the upper surface of the absorbent layer receive 674. As shown in Fig. 6, the absorbent element 642 is less absorbent layer receive 674 and has an area of upper surface approximately 0.25 to 1.0 the value of area of the upper surface of the absorbent layer receive 674. Most preferably, the area of the upper surface of the absorbent element 642 is approximately from 0.25 to 0.75, and most preferably, from about 0.3 to 0.5, PLoS less absorbent element 642 and has an area of upper surface approximately from 0.25 to 1.0, more preferably from 0.3 to 0.95, the area of the upper surface of the absorbent element 642. In this alternative embodiment, the absorbent layer receiving 674 preferably contains chemically toughened pulp fibers.

The absorbent element 642 of the invention preferably is in a positional relation with the rear layer 40 and/or absorbent layer receiving 674 in the diaper or other absorbent article. More specifically, the absorbent element 642 is located generally in the direction of the front of the diaper, so that the polymer composition is most effective location for receiving and retaining liquids coming from the absorbent layer receive 674.

The forward positioning of the absorbent element 642 may be determined by establishing the percentage of the entire resin composition, which is in front of certain points along the length of the diaper or other absorbent products. Thus, in accordance with the invention, the absorbent element 642 is located relative to the back layer and/or absorbent layer receive 674 such that (I) at least about 75% of the total polymeric composition in an absorbent element 642 is within 2 / 3rds of the diaper or other absorbent article (2) at least approximately the NCI or other absorbent products. More preferably, the absorbent element 642 is located relative to the back layer 40 and/or absorbent layer receive 674 so that at least about 90% of the total polymeric composition in an absorbent element 642 is in the front 2/3 part and at least about 60% of the total polymeric composition is in the front half portion of the diaper or other absorbent products. (For the purposes of the present invention "part" of the diaper or other absorbent products can be defined with reference to the area of the upper surface of the unfolded diaper 20 or absorbent products that are ahead of this point on the line that defines the length of the diaper 20, or other absorbent articles).

The absorbent element 642 dual-layer absorbent core may have any desired shape corresponding to the comfortable fit, including, for example, round, rectangular, trapezoidal, oblong, shape, hourglass shape of a dog bone or oval shape. If desired, the absorbent element 642 may be wrapped in high strength in wet condition the envelope, for example, from thin paper or synthetic porous (for example, non-woven, material, to minimize vosmonia is desirable to increase cellactose using dual layer absorbent core. Such material may be bonded to the absorbent element 642. Suitable method for making such a bonding method includes spraying the adhesive described in U.S. patent N 4573986, issued in the name of Mineola and Tokara 4 March 1986, and this patent is entered in the description by reference.

In the preferred embodiments, which are shown in Fig. 6, the absorbent element 642 dual-layer absorbent core has an elongated shape. In particularly preferred embodiments use an elongated absorbent element 642, wrapped in fabric, which is applied by the method of spray glue.

Fig. 8 shows another alternative absorbent core comprising an absorbent element 842 of the invention. The absorbent element 842 has an asymmetric shape (i.e., the absorbent element 842 is not symmetric around its transverse Central line). In addition, the values of density and mass of the areas of the eyes 860 and 862, and the posterior 848 which are different from the storage area 858, located in the Central area 864. The area of the eyes 860 and 862 and the rear portion 848 is preferably formed with a lower weight than the storage area 858 Central obliterateci so, the cost of such absorbent element 842 will decrease. The absorbent element 842 will calandro in a uniform thickness; a storage area 858 Central region 864 therefore has a higher average density than the rear part of the 848 and the region of the eyes 860 and 862. (It should be understood that all of the back section 848 and areas of eyelets 860 and 862 can be alternatively Kalinkovichi to the lesser thickness than the Central region 864 so that they have approximately the same or higher average density than the storage area 858). In addition, as shown in Fig. 8, the rear portion 848 preferably contains eyes, though not necessarily.

The reception area 856 absorbent element 842 has a funnel shape. The funnel shape is mainly determined by the triangular part 884 in combination with rod or rectangular part 886. Triangular part 884 particularly effective in the absorption of liquids emanating from the owners of the male sex, while the core part 886 effective for females. To prevent closing rod part 884 of coverage 856 during manufacture or use, the rod portion 884 must have a minimum width, preferably at the level at IU design. Form of coverage 856 may also vary depending on the type of the owner, for example, preferred only triangular form part 884 for the owner of the male sex.

Fig. 9 shows another alternative of the invention in which the absorbent core may include an absorbent element 942 containing layered matrix of fibrous material and a mixture of fibrous material with particles 900 polymeric composition of the invention. The absorbent element 942 includes a storage zone 958 (indicated by broken lines) and the dust layer 902 (layer receiving/distribution). The storage zone 958 preferably is located just in front of 850 absorbent element 942 so that the rear portion 48 does not contain the storage zone 958 (i.e., the rear portion 48 does not contain a mixture of fiber material and resin composition). This configuration saves the cost of production of the material and provides the advantage of infiltration at the end of the absorbent element 942. In addition, as the storage zone 958, and the reception area 956 does not contain the full thickness of the absorbent element 942 and extend only part (preferably about 25-95%, more preferably about 75-95%) of the entire thickness absorbion reception 956 and the storage zone 958 absorbent element 942, and formed of at least part of the thickness of the absorbent element 942, without content reception area 956 and storage areas 958; more preferably, the dust layer 902 is also formed from the rear portion 48 of the absorbent element 942. In the above embodiment, the reception area 956 and dust layer 902 preferably consists of hydrophilic fiber material, which has a limited number (approximately 0 to 2%) polymer composition dispersed therein. In addition, the reception area 956 and dust layer 902 is made of the same materials and have the same density and weight so that the absorbent element 942 is essentially a reception area surrounding the storage zone 958.

Body fluids that come into the reception area 956, quickly moving into the absorbent element 942, where they are either transferred into the storage zone 958 under the action of the gradient capillarity between the storage zone 958 and reception area 956 in the interface, either absorbed or drawn by gravity in the dust layer 902, after which the liquid is quickly transported under the action of absorption from the point of initial contact in the reception area 956 to other parts of the dust layer 902, where the difference is storage 958. Therefore, a higher area of the gradient capillarity exists between the storage zone 958 and other areas of the absorbent element 942 in order to more effectively use the storage zone 958 and, more specifically, particles 900 polymeric composition. Thus, although the reception area 956 and dust layer 902 may have different features and designs, for example, can be made of different materials, may have different density or to have particles of the polymer composition, dispersed in any of them, it is preferable that the reception area 956 and dust layer 902 were made of the same material, have the same density and were deprived of the particles of the polymeric composition so that the liquid can quickly be absorbed into the absorbent element 942.

The absorbent element 942 this alternative is preferable to be made by methods and apparatus, disclosed in U.S. patent N 4888231 (Absorbent core having a dust layer), issued in the name of John J. Angstadt 19 December 1989, and this patent is entered in the description by reference. Thus, the absorbent element 942 is preferably made by applying a layer of fibrous is receiving, what will be the dust layer 902 and the reception area 956. The area 956 then put on the dust layer and the absorbent element will calandro to a uniform thickness.

Fig. 10 shows a perspective view of an alternative diaper of the invention in which the absorbent element 942 Fig. 9 is enclosed between the upper layer 1002 and the rear layer 1004 with the formation of disposable nappies 1000. The absorbent element 942 is preferably located so that the dust layer 902 was located near the rear layer 1004 to the absorbent element could function as described above. Although not preferable, but the storage zone 958 may alternatively be located near the rear layer 1004, so that the dust layer 902 acted as a layer distribution/reception of a fluid medium, and the storage zone 958 acted as a lower layer of the storage fluid, for example as described in the aforementioned U.S. patent 4673402.

Fig. 11 shows another alternative of the invention, in which the form of coverage 1156 (shown in broken lines) represents the shape of a Fox muzzle". (So called because it reminds the front Fox head). As they say above, Tripoli reception may not serve for owners of a female. The best form of coverage against the owners of the female form is a Fox muzzle, shown in Fig. 11. This form increases the perimeter boundary of coverage 1156 and storage areas 1158. In addition, the shape of a Fox muzzle is located farther from the front edge of the absorbent element 1142 than the triangular area of the technique used for men, in order to be placed in the immediate vicinity of the point of discharge, taking into account the anatomical difference between men and women. Therefore, the shape of a Fox muzzle of coverage 1156 can improve the distribution of fluid medium against the owners of the female sex.

Another alternative to the above options absorbent element includes changing the size of the pores of the fibers without the need for changing the density of the fibers for the formation of a reception area and storage areas. For example, fiber small size of the pile of solid wood can be used by the replacement of at least about 50%, preferably about 80-100% of the fibers on the basis of solid wood pile approximately the same density and low-density fiber-based soft pile of wood fibers from the soft wood in the storage area. This is again a pile of soft wood. The result remains a difference in capillarity within the scope of the invention, even if the density of each zone are the same. Therefore, the absorbent element, for example, can be obtained using soft wood pulp with a finer porous structure defining a reception area, and solid wood pulp to storage area.

When using the diaper 20 is worn to the owner, with the rear grosgrain region 24 in the lower part of the back of the owner and skipping the rest of the diaper 20 between the legs of the holder so that the front grosgrain region 22 located on the front bearing. Then tape the clasp with loops button 46 is preferably in the parts facing the outside of the diaper 20.

As the particulate, absorbent, polymeric composition, and therefore, the absorbent elements of the invention have a high absorption capacity in relation to the menstrual fluids, and in the case of urine, such structures, even some from the point of view of capacity in synthetic urine, it is suitable for use in hygienic packages.

Fig. 17 shows an alternative variant of the invention in which the absorbent article about legalising discharge, such as menstruation. Hygiene packs single use are designed to keep the human body through clothes, such as underwear, or with a specially made belt. Examples of various types of sanitary napkins, which fits the invention described in U.S. patent N 4687478 (figure hygiene package with flaps), issued in the name of Kish j. Van Tilburg on August 18, 1987 in U.S. patent N 4589876 (Hygiene package), issued in the name of Kish j. Van Tilburg on may 20, 1986, in U.S. patent N 4681578 (Laying with zones of ventilation), issued in the name of Arthur B. Anderson and sherry L. Brandt on July 21, 1987, and in U.S. patent N 4690680 (Adhesive fastening means for absorbent products), issued in the name Maurine L. Higgins September 1, 1987, and each of these patents is entered into the description by reference. From the following description it will be clear that the particulate, absorbent, polymeric compositions and absorbent elements may be used as the absorbent core of such sanitary napkins. On the other hand, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to any particular design or configuration hygienic packages.

F. amego. As can be seen in Fig. 17, the preferred design of the hygiene package includes a liquid permeable top layer 1726, absorbent core 1728, liquid impermeable back layer 1730 and the fastening system 1724 to attach hygiene package 1720 to wearing underwear. Although the top layer 1726, the absorbent core 1728 and the rear layer 1730 can be connected in a variety of well known configurations, a preferred configuration of the hygiene package is shown and described generally in the above-mentioned U.S. patent N 4687478 where hygiene package 1720 additionally has lapels and 1732 1732'.

Fig. 17 shows a preferred variant of the hygiene package 1720, in which the upper layer 1726 and the rear layer 1730 together form factor extensiveness and have dimensions of length and width, as a rule, higher than the dimensions of the absorbent core 1728, with the formation of the flaps and 1732 1732'. The top layer 1726 connected and combined with the rear layer 1730, forming the periphery of the hygiene package 1720. Hygienic package 1720 has an inner surface 1734 and the outer surface of 1736. Typically, the outer surface 1736 extends from one end edge 1738 to the other end edge of 1738 and iza surface during use hygienic package 1720 and is intended for contact with underwear wearing. When using the rear layer 1730 he usually forms the outer surface of 1736. The inner surface of 1734 is located opposite the outer surface 1736 and in the variant shown in the figure, generally forms the upper layer 1726. In General, the inner surface 1734 together with the outer surface 1736 form factor extensiveness and is in contact with the owner while wearing hygienic package 1720.

In a preferred embodiment, hygienic package 1720, as shown in Fig. 17, the fastening system 1724 includes securing the item 1742, located on the outer surface 1736 hygiene package 1720, and the release liner (not shown) that is attached with the possibility of separation of the adhesive fastening element 1742.

Because the preferred option hygienic package 1720 of the invention includes the lapels and 1732 1732', the element mounting flaps 1746, is also provided on one or both flaps 1732 1732 and' to maintain the flaps 1732 1732 and' in position after they are wrapped around the edge prometnoy part of the underwear. The release liner (not shown) is also located on each of the fastening elements flaps 1746 to protect the adhesive during use Gigi is the second part of underwear.

The top layer 1726 may include any materials for the upper layers, which are described in relation to the cradle. In a preferred embodiment, the top layer preferably includes a molded thermoplastic film, an example of which is described in U.S. patent N 4342314 (Elastic plastic material, exhibiting fiber-like properties), issued in the name of Clifford J. Reidel and Hugh A. Thompson on 3 August 1982 and N 4463045 (Macroscopically expandable three-dimensional plastic material having a non-glossy visible surface and the impression of the fabric to the touch), issued in the name of Nicholas A. Achra, William I., Macmillan, Jr. and William R. Ouellette July 31, 1984, and these patents entered in the description as references.

The rear layer 1730 may include any material for the back layer, which is described in relation to the cradle. The back layer preferably comprises a polyethylene film.

The absorbent core 1728 is located between the upper layer 1726 and the rear layer 1730 and may include any of the absorbent elements of the invention or may be made of the particulate, absorbent, polymeric composition of the invention. Alternatively, hygienic package 1720 absorbent Serdtsev the technical package 1720 fixed on the inner side prometnoy part of underwear, and sensitive to the pressures sticky side fasteners hygiene package 1720 turn towards prometnoy part of the underwear. Thus underwear serves as a landing element for fastening systems 1724. The release liner away from the fastening element 1742 and hygienic package 1720 is fixed in position by pressing sensitive to pressure adhesive fastening means 1742 material prometnoy part of underwear.

Synthetic urine
Specific synthetic urine used in the test procedure of the invention, referred to as "Synthetic urine". Synthetic urine is known as Jayco Synllrine and comes from Jayco pharmaceuticals Company of camp hill, Pennsylvania. The formula for the synthetic urine is as follows: 2.0 g/l KCl, 2.0 g/l Na2SO4to 0.85 g/l (NH4)H2PO4, 0.15 g/l (NH4)2HPO4, 0,19 g/l CaCl2and 0.23 g/l MgCl2. All chemicals have the quality of the reagent. The pH of the synthetic urine is the value 6,0-6,4.

Test methods
A. Cutting and screening samples.

For the purpose of testing typical samples of polymer compositions in the following tests, get casmera approximately 300 microns (standard sieve 50 rooms) at 850 µm (standard sieve 20 rooms). Thus, subject to the test samples mean length of 20/50. With the purpose of getting cut and sifted cut 20/50, a sample set of particles cut and sifted through a number of sieves with decreasing size of sieve holes.

40 grams typical volume of the sample polymer composition is cut into eight approximately equal fractions. The sample is cut in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations, using Rotary microgripper Model RR-4, obtained from Quantachrome To. Syosset, New York. One of these fractions is then transferred to the sieve stack: the stack contains, from top to bottom, standard sieve 20 rooms (850 μm), standard sieve 50 rooms (300 μm) and sieve tray. Chopped fraction sieved in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations using vibratory apparatus for sieve analysis model SS-5. Apparatus for sieve analysis, as well as standard sieve 20 rooms (300 μm), standard sieve 50 rooms (850 μm), and sieve tray supplied from Gilson company, Warrington, Ohio. The crushed fraction shaken for 3 min with intensity of approximately 2100 oscillations per minute (6 on the scale of the instrument) to produce a sample with a particle size of diapazona) and are retained on a sieve of 50 mesh (sieve 50 rooms); and this sample is referred to as the 20/50 cut sample.

C. the Rate of swelling
Sample cut 20/50 polymeric composition is placed in a test tube, the sample is added a certain amount of synthetic urine and measure the time required for the sample to absorb synthetic urine. The absorption rate of the fluid determines the rate of swelling. The rate of swelling measures the average rate of absorption of fluid of 20/50 cut sample relative to 28 g per g of the loaded material, if the potential of gel blocking. When extending upward gel mass in the fluid in the tube increases the height layer of gel. For polymer compositions, are particularly susceptible to gel blocking, it reaches a point at which the permeability of the gel layer limits the swelling of the particles within the gel. That is, the rate at which fluid can enter and move through the layer, below the speed at which the fluid can diffuse into the particles. For polymer compositions with minimal properties of the gel blocking this method leads to results that are not actually affected by the properties of the layer.

Sleduyushuyu) and 50% relative humidity. Using standard decimal scales, 0,358 g plus or minus 0.001 g sample 20/50 cut polymeric composition is weighed and placed on the bottom of standard tube with a diameter of 16 mm, which is obtained from the Fisher scientific Co. Pittsburgh, PA. 10.0 ml of synthetic urine added to a test tube with a vertical support, at the same time powering the stopwatch. The stopwatch is stopped at the moment when the rise of the gel mass swelling polymeric composition reaches the bottom of the meniscus synthetic urine in a test tube. The rate of swelling (Sr) polymer composition calculated as follows: Sr (number of synthetic urine in g per g of the polymer composition, added to the sample; in this case, the value is 28) divided by (time). Velocities swelling in accordance with the invention represents the average rate of swelling for the three samples.

It should be noted that the rate of swelling of polymeric compositions with different loads (other than 28-fold load) can be determined by varying the amount of synthetic urine added to the sample cut 20/50. For example, 15-fold, the rate of swelling can be calculated by summation are 5.36 ml of synthetic urine to 0 is placed in a special apparatus pressure gel extensions as will be described below, and is subjected to interaction with a certain amount of synthetic urine. The resultant force, which manifests swollen gel sample mass, measuring apparatus, which is then converted into pressure gel extensions.

Side view of the device used for measuring the pressure of the gel expansion of the polymer compositions of the invention shown in Fig. 18. The device typically contains test tripod 1810, platform 1812 to set the stage, step 1814, the bracket 1816 to align the sample, the sample holder 1818, absorption element 1820, compression support 1822 and the strength meter 1824.

Test the tripod 1810 includes the base 1826, column 1828, attached to the base 1826, mobile test platform, 1830, attached to the column 1828, and bracket for installation of the meter 1832, attached to the column 1826 above the test platform 1830. Test platform 1830 operates through a system of cremallera and lever. As shown in Fig. 18, the system cremallera and the lever includes a rack 1834, the lever 1836 and locking screw 1838. Test the tripod is a test tripod N ML-3656 Ametec model "RP", derived from the crown'toole & ITU 1840 3x3 inch (7,h,62 cm) having two screw holes 1842 drilled in the plate at a distance of 7/16 inch (11,112 mm) from the first end of 1844 plate 1840, and the hole centers are located at a distance of one inch (2.54 cm) from the opposite second ends of 1846 plate 1840. Rod support 1848 length of 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) and a diameter of 1/4 inch (6.35 mm) attached to the bottom plate 1840. Platform 1812 to set the stage made of aluminum.

Step 1814 attached to the platform 1812 to set the stage screws through the screw holes 1842. Step 1814 provides control over the movement of microscope type Step 1814 provided so bodies coarse adjustment 1850, bodies of fine tuning 1852 and locking screw 1854. Step 1814 includes a mechanism for fine movement stage platform N 030608 obtained from Edmund scientific Co. Barrington, New York.

Bracket 1816 for sample alignment, as shown in Fig. 21, includes a U-shaped element (U), formed from a rectangular element size approximately x mm Legs 1856 U each has a size of approximately h mm with base 1858 approximately about 40 x 10 mm so that the hole in U has a size of approximately 40 × 50 mm Four screw holes every 1860 dilettantish edges 1864. Bracket 1816 to align the sample is made of LEXAN material thickness of 1/4 inch (6.35 mm). Bracket 1816 to align the sample attached to the top step 1814 through screw holes with screws.

The sample holder 1818 freely is retained by the bracket 1816 to align the sample in the hole in the U. the sample Holder 1818 shown in Fig. 22 and 23. The sample holder is made of a block width of about 40 mm, a length of about 40 mm and a height of about 38 mm Central cylindrical hole of 1866, having a diameter of 25 mm and a length of 25 mm, are formed in the sample holder 1818. The sample holder 1818 made of LEXAN.

The absorptive element 1820 freely placed in the sample holder 1818 by finding in the Central cylindrical hole 1866. The absorptive element 1820 must have an internal diameter of 23 mm Absorption element 1820 is a standard absorption element N 07-102, supplied by Fisher scientific, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

The strength meter 1824 attached to the bracket 1816 for sample alignment test tripod 1810. The strength meter 1824 is a measuring instrument AFC-1 with inverted read Cadet 0-500g, RS 232 N ML-5881-4, supplied by crown Jena to strength meter 1824. Compression bearing 1822 contains a base 1868 and post 1870. The basis of 1868 formed from a circular plate with a diameter of 20.5 mm and a thickness of 2.5 mm Rod 1870 is a rod with a diameter of 6.5 mm and a length of approximately 80 mm Boring a hole 1872 for connection to the measuring device, having a length of approximately 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) and threaded 10-32, is located at the end of the rod 1870 opposite reason 1868 to attach compression supports 1822 to strength meter 1824. Compression support is made of aluminum.

The illuminator (not shown) may also be used in the test stand. The illuminator is a fiber optic lighting device N 09745-00 supplied Cole-Parmer, Chicago, Illinois.

The following method is carried out in standard laboratory conditions at 25oC (73of) and 50% relative humidity. Using standard decimal scales, 0,358 g plus or minus 0.001 g obrazac 20/50 cut polymeric composition is weighed and placed in an absorption element 1820. To the sample was added 10.0 ml of synthetic urine (28-fold load). The absorptive element 1820 placed in the sample holder 1818, which is located in capitalinos platform 1830 test tripod 1810, sample raise up until the compressor bearing 1822 hardly touches the fluid. Using the bodies of the coarse/fine adjustment 1850 and 1852 at step 1814, the sample is lifted up until the level of fluid is even with the top of the Foundation 1868 compression supports 1822. This is achieved by sighting across the top of the Foundation 1868. Fluid located in the wall of the absorption element, due to surface tension appears in the form of a white stripe. When raising the sample, this band moves closer to the base 1868 and eventually blocks the silver color of the base 1868. When the white stripe is on top of the Foundation 1868, there is a silver color. At this point, the sample is reduced until the disappearance of the silver strip. When the gel mass reaches the base of 1868, the timer is set for 30 min and put into action. The timer is a desktop dual timer N 08610-14 obtained from Cole-Parmer, Chicago, Illinois. After 30 min register force in the city, taking readings using a force gauge 1824. (You can also define the maximum effect.) Pressure gel extensions (gep) in Dinah on cm2calculate as follows: gep (power for 30 minutes in grams) multiplied by (981 Dinah play against two additional samples. The pressure of the gel expansion of the polymeric composition is the average of the three values gep obtained above.

It should be noted that the rate of swelling of polymeric compositions with different loads (other than 28-fold load) can be determined by varying the amount of synthetic urine added to the sample cut 20/50. For example, 15 times the rate of swelling can be calculated by summation are 5.36 ml of synthetic urine to 0,358 g of the sample.

D. Absorption capacity.

The polymer composition is placed in a "tea pack", immersed in an excessive amount of synthetic urine, within a certain period of time, and then centrifuged over a certain period of time. The ratio of the final weight of the polymer composition after centrifugation, minus the initial weight, initial weight determines the absorptive capacity.

The following method is carried out in standard laboratory conditions at 23oC (73of) and 50% relative humidity. Using punch size h cm material tea service cut off, put half the length and sealed along two sides by means of a gasket in the form of aetsa sealing material varieties 1234, derived from A. N. Dexter, division of Dexter Corp. Windsor Locks. Connecticut, USA, or its equivalent. Less porous material of the tea bag must be used in case of retention of fine particles. 0,200 g plus or minus 0.005 g of polymer compositions measure on weighing paper and transfer the tea package, after which the top (open end) of the tea package seal. Empty tea package is sealed at the top and use as a reference. Approximately 300 ml of synthetic urine poured in chemical beaker with a volume of 1000 ml Control tea package is immersed in synthetic urine. Tea package containing polymer composition (test tea package) support horizontally to distribute the material evenly over the tea bag. Tea package is placed on the surface of the synthetic urine. Tea package moisturize for more than 1 min, and then completely immersed and soaked for 60 minutes in Approximately 2 minutes after immersion of the first sample in a similar way to get the second group of the control and test the tea bags with their subsequent immersion and impregnation within 60 minutes after the set period of impregnation for each group obrazuyut, as is described below. Use a centrifuge Delux Dynac II, Fisher Model N 05-100-26, which is obtained from the Fisher scientific Co. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, or its equivalent. The centrifuge must be provided with a direct reading tachometer and electric brake. The centrifuge is also provided with a drum with a cylindrical insert having an outer wall height of approximately 2.5 inches (6.35 cm) outer diameter 8,435 inch (21,425 cm), an inner diameter of 7,935 inch (20,155 cm) and 9 rows of round holes, each with a diameter of 3/32 inch (0,238 cm), and each row contains approximately 106 holes, which are located at equal distances around the circumference of the outer wall. The drum also has a bottom with six round drainage holes with a diameter of 1/4 inch (0,635 cm), equally spaced around the circumference of the bottom of the drum at a distance of 1/2 inch (1.27 cm) from the inner surface of the outer wall to the center of the drainage holes. The drum set in the centrifuge with the possibility of rotation, as well as brake, in unison with the centrifuge. Tea bags with samples placed in the drum of the centrifuge so that the folded end of the tea package facing centrifugation to absorb the initial force. Control tea bags put to any secretive tea package with the sample of the first group, while the control of the tea packet of the second group in front of control of the tea packet of the first group, with the aim of balancing the centrifuge. A centrifuge is slid, and she quickly gaining a steady speed of 1500 rpm./minutes After stabilization speed centrifuge at 1,500 rpm. /min timer set for 3 minutes After 3 min centrifuge off and apply the brake. Remove and separately weighed first tea package with the sample and the first control tea package. The method is repeated for the second tea bag with the sample and the second control tea package. Absorptive capacity (ac) of each sample is determined as follows: ac (weight of the tea bag with sample after centrifugation minus weight control tea package after centrifugation minus the weight of the polymeric composition in the dry state) divided by (weight of the polymer composition in the dry state). The amount of absorption for use in this invention represents the average absorption capacity of the two samples.

E. Measurement of surface area per unit mass by the method of Brunauer-Emmett-teller.

The specific surface area per unit mass (m2/g) polymermetal includes the monolayer adsorption is carried gas (krypton) on the known mass of the sample polymer composition at the temperature of liquid nitrogen. Adsorbed krypton then desorbed by raising the sample temperature (thermal desorption) and find the detector thermal diffusivity (TCD), the output of which is connected to an integrating recorder. So you know the maximum size of the desorbed krypton. Replicate desorption peaks recorded for each sample. After sample analysis, determine the response of the measuring device, receiving a calibration curve. A known quantity of gaseous nitrogen (99,99%) is injected into the system, and the response measuring device register through an integrating recorder. Analysis based on linear regression of the unit step response (peak area) depending on the number of input sample gives a calibration curve. This information is then used to determine the specific area of different samples using single-point calculations BET.

Specific equipment used to conduct this analysis, comes Quantachrome Corporal (Syosset, new York) and includes a station for removal of gases Quantachrome and installation for the analysis of samples Wantabsorb. These devices are used in accordance with Roy mixture is 0.10% krypton in helium. (This gas mixture is obtained from Altagas and check on her concentration so that the gas is used without further analysis).

3.0 g, plus or minus 0.01 grams, measure into the glass tube of the device. The glass tube containing the sample is then placed in a gas flow measuring device. Sample obzharivayut at least for 4 h, 30 ml/min flow of helium using Quotechar. After removal of the gases of the gas stream is replaced by 0.10% in helium krypton. Glass tube immersed in liquid nitrogen and reach equilibrium. Get the curve of adsorption. Adsorbed krypton then desorbed by removing the liquid nitrogen and immersing the glass tube in warm tap water. Adsorbed krypton gives desorption curve and the peak value. Replicative adsorption-desorption measurements carried out on each sample. The total area of the sample surface Stcalculate as follows:
St=(1-P/Po)(A/Ac)Vc((NACSPa)/RT)
where P is the partial pressure of the adsorbate, Paboutequal to the saturated pressure of the adsorbate (263 mm RT.article for krypton); A is the signal space; Acis the calibration square; Vcequal to the volume Gras is in m2that is 20,510-20m2for krypton; Paequal to the ambient pressure (ATM); R is the gas constant, equal to 82.1 cm3ATM, K, and T is the temperature of the volume calibration (room K). To turn the volume calibration of nitrogen krypton use a ratio of Vkr0,762 VN2. Constructing a calibration curve characteristics of the measuring instrument (peak area) depending on the injected volume, you can define Vcand A Ac. At a temperature of 25oC, a pressure of 1 ATM (laboratory ambient conditions) and with the use of 0.10% in helium krypton find the dependency for surface area:
St(m2) ((A-C)/B)2,7343
where A is the peak area of the desorbed sample. In is equal to the slope of the calibration curve and C is the segment on the y-axis of the calibration curve. This value is the total surface area is then divided by the sample mass to obtain a relationship of surface area to mass. The value of the ratio of surface area to mass is the average value for the two replicative samples. (The specifics of single-point calibration BET given in the manual of the device.)
F. Method of determining the percentage of AGR is ü using the methods of optical microscopy at low magnification (10-60-fold). Consider that the particle is a unit, if it consists of more than one of the preceding particle. With careful consideration of individual particles can be distinguished aggregates from simple non-aggregated particles. Found that aggregate particles usually have many jagged edges and multiple edges when seen in the optical microscope, whereas simple non-aggregated particles usually are smooth and do not have distinct features. In addition, due to the scattering of light around the particle aggregate particles are more turbid, whereas simple non-aggregated particles usually appear transparent if their surface is not scratched or not serrated.

The 20/50 cut sample of the polymer composition are examined by an optical microscope. Used an optical microscope is a stereo optical microscope model SMZ-2T, obtained from Nikon, Harlan city, new Jersey. After you install the slide of the microscope on the platform of the microscope about 300 particles of 20/50 cut sample is placed on a glass slide, illuminating the particles with light, with at least about 50 individual particles observed when increasing from 10 - to 60-fold. Used WWS is if the particle is clearly made up of smaller individual particles, attached one to another, this particle is registered as a unit. If it is not clear whether completed or not a particle of more than one particle, or the particle clearly represents only a single particle, then the particle register as a single non-aggregated particle. After careful consideration of at least 50 particles the total number of units divided by the total number of counted particles and multiply by 100% getting the value of the percentage of units for this sample. On a mass basis, the total number of units separately weighed on a standard scale and mass units divided by the total mass of counted particles and multiply by 100 to obtain a value of aggregation in percent by mass for this sample.

G. Fluidhosting.

The purpose of this method is the determination of the stability of individual aggregate particles when interacting with synthetic urine.

About 300 particles of 20/50 cut sample is applied on standard plastic a microscope slide size 1x3 inches (2.54 to 7.62 cm). The slide is obtained from the Fisher scientific Co. Pittsburgh, PA. Particles analyzed under an optical microscope. Used optical microscope is escaut. Use fiber-optic illuminator, supplied by Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, new York. Particles observed at 10-60-fold increase. Three relatively large particles with exceptional aggregate characteristics, that is, with the content of many of the previous particles, placed on separate glass slides microscope. One of the glasses containing simple aggregate particle, placed on the table of an optical microscope. 2 mm above the aggregate particles add 3 drops of synthetic urine. Swelling of the aggregate particles observed within 3 minutes (If necessary, the microscope can each time to re-focus so that the focus was an aggregate particle or any separated particles.) During observation of swelling the aggregate particle latest observations of relatively small particles, tseplyaesh from the main aggregate particles, particles of lamellar form, floating from the main aggregate particles, the expansion of the particles only in the two-dimensional x-y plane with particles, atmasamyama and Floatated from the main aggregate particles, or individual particles precipitated on the border of the glass with water. The particle is considered to be unstable if the aggregate particle is t preparevalue needle. Preparevalue needle is a probe arrow Birch, supplied by Fisher scientific, Pittburgh, Pennsylvania. The main aggregate particle (if it still exists) carefully move preprofile needle to determine particle separation from the main aggregate particles. Using preprofile needle can carefully "to probe" the main aggregate particle to determine intactness main aggregate particles. If the primary aggregate particle is cleaved with careful probing, or there are a number of detached particles, then the particle is unstable. After sensing particles additional two drops of synthetic urine added with a height of about 1 cm directly above the swollen core of the aggregate particle. The main aggregate particle observe regarding any additional instability of the core aggregate particles. If instability is excessive, the particle is considered unstable. If the aggregate particle remains relatively stable after each session sensing, aggregate particle is considered sustainable. The test is repeated for the remaining two aggregate particles.

H. particle Size Yemen sample of the polymer composition is determined by sieving the sample through a set of 19 sieves ranging in size from standard sieves 20 rooms (850 microns) to standard sieves 400 rooms (38 microns). Use standard sieves obtained from Gilson Company, Inc. Worthington, Ohio. The method is carried out on three stacks of sieves at any given point in time, because the equipment does not allow to keep all 19 of the Sith at one time. The first pile contains sieve N 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 plus sieve tray; a second stack contains sieve N 60, 70, 80, 100, 120 and 140 plus sieve tray; a third stack contains sieve N 170, 200, 230, 270, 325 and 400 plus sieve tray. Particles remaining on each sieve is then weighed to determine the particle size distribution based on Mac.

The first stack of sieves mounted on the vibrator and 10.0 grams, plus or minus 0.01 grams typical volume of sample is placed on a sieve No. 20. Use the tilting three-inch (7.62 cm) sieve model SS-5, supplied from Gilson company, Inc. Worthington, Ohio. The sample is shaken for 3 min with an intensity of approximately 2100 oscillations per min (6 on the scale of the instrument). Sieve tray is then removed and the pile set aside for later weighing. Using a soft brush sample remaining on sicovam the pallet is transferred onto weigh paper. A second stack of sieves mounted on the vibrator and the sample on weigh paper PE minutes the sample remaining on sicovam the pallet is transferred onto weigh paper and pile set aside. The third stack of sieves mounted on the vibrator and weigh the sample on the paper is transferred onto the sieve N 170. The third stack is shaken for 3 min with an intensity of approximately 2100 fluctuations in minutes a Soft brush is used to transfer the contents of each this bolt on weigh paper. The sample is weighed on a standard decimal weights and the mass of the sample on a particular sieve register. This stage is repeated using fresh weigh paper for each sample, for each sieve and the sample remaining on sicovam pallet after shaking the third stack of sieves. The method is repeated for two additional samples with a mass of 10, the Average mass of the three samples for each sieve determines the average particle size on mass (%) basis for each size sieve.

The mass-average particle size of the sample volume of 10 g is calculated as follows:
< / BR>
where maps indicates a mass-average particle size; Midenotes the mass of particles on a particular sieve and Didenotes dimensional parameter specific to the standard sieve No. 50 has a dimensional parameter, 355 μm, which corresponds to the size of the holes in a standard sieve No. 45 (following the highest sieve). The mass-average particle size is an average value of the mass-average particle size of the three samples.

Comparative example 1.

Two-blade kneader machine stainless steel jacketed volume of 10 l, with a hole the size of x mm and a depth of 240 mm, and two blade-type Sigma have a diameter of rotation of 120 mm, seal with a lid. Receive an aqueous solution of the monomer containing 37 wt. the monomer. The monomer consists of 75 mol. sodium acrylate and 25 mol. acrylic acid. 5500 g of the aqueous monomer solution is loaded into the tank kneader machine, which is then rinsed with gaseous nitrogen to remove the remaining trapped air. Then two blades type Sigma mounted on the rotation speed of 46 rpm./min and shirt heat, flowing water at 35oC. as the initiators of polymerizatio added 2.8 g of sodium persulfate and 0.14 g of L-ascorbic acid. Polymerization starts after about 4 min after addition of initiators. The maximum temperature 82oC is achieved within the reaction system after 15 min after addition of initiators. Geratetechnik machine after 60 min after the start of polymerization and the material removed from the kneader machine.

The obtained hydrated aqueous gel polymer is applied on standard thin metal grid size N 50 and dried with hot air at 150oC within 90 minutes of the Dried particles milled hammer crusher and sifted with a standard sieve No. 20 (850 microns) to obtain particles that pass through a standard sieve No. 20. Mass-average size of these particles is 405 mm.

Example 1. Get solution containing 24,0 g of methanol and 6.0 g of glycerin. This solution was stirred in a standard beaker with 300 g of the preceding particles obtained in accordance with comparative example 1. Granulometric composition of the previous particles is such that 75% by weight passes through a standard sieve N 100 (150 μm) and kept on a standard sieve (N) 170 (90 μm); and 25% by weight passes through a standard sieve (N) 170 (90 μm). Bulk size of the previous particles is 84 μm. This mixture is stirred until all preceding particles will be soaked in the solution (approximately 1 min). The resulting mixture is then liberally applied to the Cup PYREX and defend in unheated condition for 5 minutes in order to pre particles was associated physically. P the minutes The obtained particles are then cooled to room temperature and passed through a standard sieve No. 20 (850 μm) in order to limit the size of the larger particles.

Example 2. Get solution containing 18.0 g of isopropanol, 12.0 g of distilled water and 6.0 g of glycerin. This solution was stirred in a standard beaker with 300 g of the preceding particles obtained in accordance with comparative example 1. Granulometric composition of the previous particles is such that 10% by weight passes through a standard sieve No. 20 (850 ám) and kept on a standard sieve No. 30 (600 µm); 25% by weight passes through a standard sieve No. 30 (600 μm) and kept on a standard sieve No. 40 (425 µm); 25% by weight passes through a standard sieve No. 40 (425 μm) and kept on a standard sieve No. 50 (300 μm); 30% by weight passes through a standard sieve No. 50 (300 μm) and kept on a standard N 100 sieve (150 μm) and 10% by weight passes through a standard sieve N 100 (150 µm). Bulk size of the previous particles is 421 μm. This mixture is stirred until until all preceding particles will be soaked in the solution (approximately 1 min). The resulting mixture is then liberally applied to the Cup PYREX and defend in unheated status is up in the oven with forced air circulation at 200oC for 45 min Obtained particles are then cooled to room temperature and passed through a standard sieve No. 20 (850 μm) in order to limit the size of the larger particles.

Example 3. Get solution containing 18.0 g of isopropanol, 12.0 g of distilled water and 6.0 g of glycerin. This solution was stirred in a standard beaker with 300 g of the preceding particles obtained in accordance with comparative example 1. Granulometric composition of the previous particles is such that 50% by weight passes through a standard sieve No. 40 (425 μm) and kept on a standard sieve No. 50 (300 μm); 30% by weight passes through a standard sieve No. 50 (300 μm) and kept on a standard N 100 sieve (150 microns) and 20% by weight passes through a standard sieve N 100 (150 µm). Bulk size of the previous particles is 322 μm. This mixture is stirred until until all preceding particles will be soaked in the solution (approximately 1 min). The resulting mixture is then liberally applied to the Cup PYREX and defend in unheated condition within 45 min, so that the preceding particles was associated physically. After that, the mixture is heated in an oven with forced air circulation at 200oC in the N 20 (850 μm) in order to limit the size of the larger particles.

Example 4. Get solution containing 18.0 g of isopropanol, 12.0 g of distilled water and 6.0 g of glycerin. This solution was stirred in a standard beaker with 300 g of the preceding particles obtained in accordance with comparative example 1. Granulometric composition of the previous particles is such that 60% by weight passes through a standard sieve No. 50 (300 μm) and kept on a standard sieve N 100 150 (μm) and 40% by weight passes through a standard sieve N 100 (150 µm). Bulk size of the previous particles 205 μm. This mixture is stirred until until all preceding particles will be soaked in the solution (approximately 1 min). The resulting mixture is then liberally applied to the Cup PYREX and defend in unheated condition for 10 minutes in order to pre particles was associated physically. After that, the mixture is heated in an oven with forced air circulation at 200oC for 45 min Obtained particles are then cooled to room temperature and passed through a standard sieve No. 20 (850 μm) in order to limit the size of the larger particles.

Example 5. Get solution containing 18.0 g of isopropanol, 12.0 g of distilled water and 6.0 g of glycerin. Dannylee with comparative example 1. Granulometric composition of the previous particles is such that 60% by weight passes through a standard sieve No. 50 (300 µm) and are held to the standard N 100 sieve (150 μm) and 40% by weight passes through a standard sieve N 100 (150 µm). The average size of the previous particles 205 μm. This mixture is stirred until until all preceding particles will be soaked in the solution (approximately 1 min). The resulting mixture is then liberally applied to the Cup PYREX and defend in unheated condition for 10 minutes in order to pre particles was associated physically. After that, the mixture is heated in an oven with forced air circulation at 180oC for 45 min Obtained particles are then cooled to room temperature and passed through a standard sieve No. 20 (850 μm) in order to limit the size of the larger particles.

Example 6. In the mixer 100 parts of volume of the sample prior to the particles obtained in accordance with comparative example 1 are thoroughly mixed with a solution containing 2 parts by weight of glycerin and 4 parts by weight water per 100 parts by weight of the foregoing particles. Bulk size of the previous particles is 405 mm. 700 g of the mixture loaded into relicense particles pass through a standard thin metal grid 18 rooms (1000 microns).

Comparative example 2.

In the mixer 100 parts of the foregoing particles obtained in accordance with comparative example 1, is mixed with a solution containing 0.5 parts by mass of glycerin, 2.0 parts by weight of water and 0.5 parts by weight of isopropanol and 100 parts by weight of the foregoing particles. Bulk size of the previous particles is 405 mm. The resulting mixture is heated in the dryer for continuous operation. The average residence time in the dryer is about 50 min, and the temperature of the material at the outlet of the dryer is approximately 190oC. the particles Obtained is passed through a standard thin metal mesh No. 20 (850 ám). Particles obtained have the following particle size, 0 is retained on sieve No. 20; 0 is retained on sieve No. 25; 0 is retained on sieve No. 30; 0 is retained on sieve # 35; 0,3 retained on sieve No. 40; 1,1 retained on sieve No. 45; 2,2 retained on sieve No. 50; 4,4 retained on sieve # 60; 9,4 retained on the sieve N 70; 10,9 retained on sieve # 80; 10,4 retained on the sieve N 100; 10,9 retained on the sieve N 120; 12,6 retained on the sieve (N) 140; 5,4 retained on the sieve N 170; 7,2 retained on the sieve 200 N; 6,3 retained on the sieve N 230; 6,0 retained on the sieve N 270; 3,5 retained on the sieve 325 N; 3,3 retained on the sieve N whopaste kneader machine stainless steel jacketed volume of 10 l, having a hole the size of x mm and a depth of 240 mm, and two blade-type Sigma have a diameter of rotation of 120 mm, seal with a lid. Receive an aqueous solution of the monomer containing 37 wt. the monomer. The monomer consists of 75 mol. sodium acrylate and 25 mol. acrylic acid. 5500 g of the aqueous monomer solution is loaded into the tank kneader machine, which is then rinsed with gaseous nitrogen to remove the remaining trapped air. Then two blades type Sigma mounted on the rotation speed of 46 rpm./min and shirt heat, flowing water at 35oC. as the polymerization initiators are added 2.8 g of sodium persulfate and 0.14 g of L-ascorbic acid. Polymerization starts after about 4 min after addition of initiators. The maximum temperature 82oC is achieved within the reaction system after 15 min after addition of initiators. The hydrated gel polymer is divided into particle size of about 5 mm, while continuing the stirring. The cover is removed from the kneader machine after 60 min after the start of polymerization and the material removed from the kneader machine.

Thus obtained hydrated aqueous gel polymer is applied on standard thin metal CE is stronger, than in the case of comparative example 1) hammer crusher and sifted with a standard sieve No. 20 (850 microns) to obtain particles that pass through a standard sieve No. 20. Mass-average size of these particles is 153 microns.

In the mixer 100 parts of the foregoing particles obtained in accordance with the above method, is mixed with a solution containing 4.0 parts by weight of glycerine, to 8.0 parts by weight of water and 2.0 parts by weight of isopropanol per 100 parts by weight of the foregoing particles, 500 g of the resulting mixture is loaded into a vessel immersed in an oil bath (210oC), and subjected to heat treatment for 95 min with gentle stirring. The obtained particles are passed through a standard thin metal grid 18 rooms (1000 microns).

Comparative example 3.

Two-blade kneader machine stainless steel jacketed volume of 10 l, with a hole the size of x mm and a depth of 240 mm, and two blade-type Sigma have a diameter of rotation of 120 mm, seal with a lid. Receive an aqueous solution of the monomer containing 37 wt. the monomer. The monomer consists of 75 mol. sodium acrylate and 25 mol. acrylic acid. 5500 g of the aqueous monomer solution Zahra trapped air. Then two blades type Sigma mounted on the rotation speed of 46 rpm. /min and a shirt heat, flowing water at 35oC. as the polymerization initiators are added 2.8 g of sodium persulfate and 0.14 g of L-ascorbic acid. Polymerization starts after about 4 min after addition of initiators. The maximum temperature 82oC is achieved within the reaction system after 15 min after addition of initiators. The hydrated gel polymer is divided into particle size of about 5 mm, while continuing the stirring. The cover is removed from the kneader machine after 60 min after the start of polymerization and the material removed from the kneader machine. Thus obtained hydrated particles of aqueous gel polymer is applied on standard thin metal grid size No. 50 (300 μm) and dried with hot air at 150oC within 90 minutes of Dried crushed particles (stronger than in the case of comparative example 1) hammer crusher and sieved using standard sieve No. 20 (850 microns) to obtain particles that pass through a standard sieve No. 20 (850 ám). Mass-average size of these particles is 319 mm.

In the mixer 100 parts of the foregoing particles obtained in accordance with the water and 0.5 parts by weight of isopropanol per 100 parts by weight of the foregoing particles. The resulting mixture is heated in the dryer for continuous operation. The average residence time in the dryer is about 50 min, and the temperature of the material at the outlet of the dryer is approximately 195oC. In the mixer 100 parts of the obtained substance are mixed with 5 parts of water. The mixture defend for 30 minutes in an environment with a temperature of 80oC, so that water to glomerulopathy particles, and then pulverized (crushed and granularit) to obtain particles that pass through a standard sieve No. 20 (850 ám).

The results of the various tests in accordance with the above examples are presented in the table below.

The table shows that the polymer compositions of the invention have a mass-average particle size of at least approximately 25% higher than the bulk dimensions of the previous particles used for the formation of such polymer compositions. Mixture of particle sizes of this magnitude and direction indicative of the formation of large quantities of aggregates and aggregates with large number of components of the foregoing particles. In addition, the table shows that the aggregates formed in examples 1-7 are fluidhosting that indicate the presence of viscositiy of the invention, the examples 1-7 have a higher resistance to compression (i.e., the higher the pressure of the gel expansion) and a higher rate of swelling than their respective previous particles.

The table shows also that of comparative examples 2 and 3 have lower shifts in the particle size in comparison with their predecessors, rather than examples 1 to 7, which speaks of the creation of fewer units. In addition, aggregates of comparative example 3, water allamericans sample, demonstrate a tendency to fluidogeological, meaning that the actual shift in the particle size due to any interparticle structure is much smaller than the shift 24.8% in the table. This table also shows that the rate of swelling of comparative examples 2 and 3 below the rate of swelling of the polymer compositions in accordance with the invention.

The above properties are related to the characteristics of the polymer compositions in absorbent products, so that the polymer compositions of the invention should exhibit superior characteristics in comparison with the corresponding previous particles and/or comparative example is orbicula products such as diapers.

Although specific embodiments of the invention illustrated and described above, the person skilled in the art will understand that various changes and modifications can be made within the scope and essence of the invention. In the claims will cover all such changes and modifications within the scope of the invention.

1. Absorbent polymer composition consisting of particles of practically water-insoluble gidrogeneratsia absorbent polymer and their aggregates formed during the interaction of the mentioned source of polymer particles with a cross-linking agent, characterized in that the said polymer particles have a mass-average size of from 20 to 1500 μm, and the mass-average aggregate size in the process of cross-linking of the particles exceeds the bulk size of the original polymer particles before stitching not less than 50%
2. The composition according to p. 1, characterized in that the bulk size of the aggregated polymer particles exceeds the bulk size of the original polymer particles is not less than 100%
3. The composition according to PP.1 and 2, characterized in that the said polymer particles have Srednaya the CI practically water-insoluble gidrogeneratsia polymer particles of a carboxyl-containing polymer.

5. The composition according to PP.1 to 4, characterized in that it contains as particles practically water-insoluble gidrogeneratsia absorbent polymer particles of a polymer selected from the group comprising a grafted copolymer of hydrolyzed starch-Acrylonitrile graft copolymer, partially neutralized starch-acrylic acid, hydrolyzed copolymers of Acrylonitrile or acrylamide, a product of partial crosslinking of the named copolymers, partially neutralized polyacrylic acid, and the product of its partial crosslinking.

6. The composition according to PP.1 to 5, characterized in that the crosslinking agent is a compound selected from the group comprising polyhydric alcohol, polyglycidyl ether polyfunctional derivative of aziridine, a polyfunctional amine and a polyfunctional isocyanate.

7. The composition according to PP.1 to 6, characterized in that the crosslinking agent is a compound selected from the group comprising glycerine, ethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, 1,2-or 1,3-propandiol.

8. The composition according to PP.1 to 7, characterized in that it contains a surface-crosslinked water-insoluble particles gidrogeneratsia absorbent polymer.

9. The composition according to PP.Goodeniaceae less than 50%, preferably less than 20% and more preferably less than 10%

 

 
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