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Test method isolated objects (aircrafts) for corona effect on and device for its implementation From the generator 1 located on a grounded plane 2 and having a charge control unit 3 a charge is fed to the charged aerosol jet 4 which forms a charged aerosol cloud above the grounded plane 2 and the model of aircraft 5. The arising corona charge on the parts of the model 5 is fixed using photorecording equipment 6. Depending on ambient conditions using the current control unit 3 the amount of the cloud charge is set, so that corona discharge is implemented on the model, but at that the spark jump of the test gap is absent. According to the magnitude of the intensity of the corona discharge recorded by the photorecording equipment, the conclusion is made on the corona areas of the aircraft model. |
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Invention relates to substrate-free conducting surface coat and method of its production. Proposed surface coat includes central layer consisting of the particles produced mincing of said sheet. Said particles are sintered particles embedded in polymer matrix. Said particles and/or said polymer matrix contain conducting material. Proposed method comprises the steps that follow. a) Sheet mincing to produced said particles. b) Making the polymer-based powder for polymer matrix. c) Application of said particles on moving belt carrier. d) Application of said polymer-based powder on said particles. e) Heat treatment and compaction of said particles and said polymer-based powder at the press. |
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Device to convert energy of static electricity Device to convert energy of static electricity comprises serially connected source of static electricity, spark arrester and a step-down transformer. In parallel to the primary winding of the transformer connected to the arrester there is the first capacitor connected. The output of the secondary winding of the transformer via the second capacitor is connected to the load. Frequency of resonance of the first circuit formed by the primary winding of the transformer and the first capacitor connected in parallel to the winding is approximately equal to the frequency of resonance of the second circuit formed by the secondary winding and serially connected to the secondary winding by the second capacitor. The proposed device may be used in a wide spectrum of devices using energy of static electricity, both domestic and industrial ones. |
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Method of testing facilities for lightning protection and apparatus for realising said method Method involves forming a stream of charged aerosol, accumulating electric charge in a retarded flow in form of a charged cloud to a value when magnetic field strength in the "cloud-facility model" space is sufficient to generate leader discharge, recording the number of discharges falling on the facility and the lightning rod and making a decision on lightning protection of the facility. A three-field cell of a thunder cloud is formed by feeding a positive charge, then a negative charge and then a positive charge again. The apparatus has a location imitator (1), a model (2) of the facility, a model (3) of the lightning rod, a thunder cloud imitator in form of a generator (4) of a charged aerosol jet, which is connected to an alternating-sign power supply (5), which is able to control amplitude and duration of output current, a photographic camera (6) connected to a computer or current shunt (7), through which the model (3) of the lightning rod is connected to the location imitator (1). The ratio T+/T of the duration of the positive and negative polarities and the ratio I+/I of the amplitude of the positive and negative polarities of the alternating-sign power supply (5) can vary from 0.1 to 2; the sum T++T can vary from 0.1 to 10 s and the interval between series of pulses is not shorter than 1 s. |
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Device for static electricity take off Substance of the invention consists in using uneven distribution of charge of a cumulonimbus cloud in a horizontal plane in its lower layers. The device comprises two laser plants, the base of which is a laser with an infrared spectrum of radiation, creating an optical breakthrough of air with development of an ionised current-conducting channel. Lasers operate synchronously and interruptedly. The system for charge take off from the laser beam consists of a metal core of round section and a coil wound on it, in which an electromotive force occurs due to varying magnetic zero around the laser beam passing inside the core. The device has a protection against direct lightning strike, and also a system of automatics that analyses intensity of electric zero of air and including all systems. |
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Method of prevention of tornado and device for its implementation Invention relates to the field of meteorology and can be used for prevention of tornado. The method of prevention of tornado consists in determining the coordinates of swirling of the forming tornado by the satellite with a device of visual overview and transmitting antenna. The coordinates are transmitted to the receiving antenna, and thence to a calculating unit. The calculation results are transmitted to the targeting unit of full revolving transmitting antenna. The antenna directs the beam of super high frequency energy to the ionosphere at an angle which ensures penetration of the reflected beam of super high frequency energy to the center of swirling of the forming tornado. The device of prevention of tornado comprises a receiving antenna interacting with a calculating unit, interacting with the targeting unit. The receiving antenna is mounted on the mast and is grounded in the soil. The transmitting full-revolving antenna with the targeting unit is additionally mounted, as well as a satellite device with a visual overview and the transmitting antenna. The satellite device communicates with the receiving antenna by the visual overview device and the transmitting antenna. The receiving antenna interacts with the calculating unit. The calculating unit interacts with the targeting unit of the transmitting full revolving antenna. The beam of super high frequency energy interacts with the Earth ionosphere, and the beam of super high frequency energy reflected from the Earth ionosphere interacts with the center of swirling of the forming tornado. |
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Invention refers to a method for prevention of accumulation of electrostatic charges in emulsions at oil production and transport using neutralising devices; at that, at oil collection stage, antistatic surface-active substance is introduced to the well; at oil treatment stage, late dosing of demulsifiers is performed. |
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Device for usage of atmospheric electricity "ruselectro" Device for usage of atmospheric electricity comprising a receiving unit with an antenna element, connected by a current conductor with a discharge element, the receiving unit comprises a system of vertically oriented triboelemnts arranged below the antenna element, a body of a chamber from dielectric made in the form of a solid of revolution in its configuration. The device differs from the ones available before by the fact that: the lower triboelement has a ball-like shape, and a needle lowers down from it being connected with the upper disc of a capacitor, from the chamber base an earthed needle stretches, on top of which there is a lower disc of the capacitor, to the needles a network is connected, which has on the upper branch a spark discharger, the second electrode of which is connected to an inductance coil, which is connected to the lower earthed needle, the second coil of self-inductance connected to the capacitor, joined to an accumulator. |
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Invention relates to facilities of protection against damage of objects of various purpose under intense exposure to atmospheric electricity, namely, to facilities of lightning protection of buildings and structures. An active lightning conductor comprises a body with a cover, the following components connected electrically in series: an active lightning receiver, a generator of pulse voltage excited with a lightning-active charged external electric field, and a contact element of a grounding system. The generator comprises at least two charging resistor chains, and also a multi-section discharger arranged in the form of at least one capacitor-discharge circuit, made of serially alternating capacitors, each with two charging plates - covers with dischargers. Resistors of charging circuits are separated into two groups, resistors of one of them are connected with the upper plates-covers of capacitors, and resistors of the other - with the lower ones. Electromagnetic parameters of the lightning conductor provide for the possibility to charge capacitors from the external electric field under a critical lightning-active voltage of the latter to the level sufficient to generate and implement an anticipatory discharge with formation of a leader sent via a lightning receiver towards an impact leader of an external lightning. The lightning receiver is arranged in the form of a multi-rod crown with central and side rods. The lightning conductor is equipped with an external discharge circuit, made of pairs of current-conducting dischargers. Each discharger of one pair is electrically connected with one discharger of the other pair. One discharger of the upper pair is electrically connected with the lightning receiver, and one discharger of the lower pair - with a contact element of the grounding system. Dischargers of adjacent pairs are installed on the body with particular displacement in plan relative to the previous and/or subsequent pair of dischargers. |
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Apparatus for metal coating mobile structural elements In the apparatus for metal coating mobile structural elements, the electric connection of the apparatus is in form of a metallic spiral or is provided with bushings which are encircled by the metallic spiral on both the side of the mobile or fixed structural elements, wherein outer surfaces of the end windings of the spiral are pressed by slit walls, together with which the bushings and the metallic spiral are rigidly attached to attachment points, and the ends of the metallic spiral are rigidly connected by electroconductive material to the attachment points. |
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Lightning protection method and device for its implementation One draws incoming current charges into the lightning interceptor and retains them there; the lightning interceptor is connected (via a current tap) to the central vertical electrode of the grounding conductor that diffusely irradiates currents through V-shaped electrode tips; then one proceeds with induction and uniform spread of charges on the inner and outer surfaces of the lightning interceptor shell; the lightning interception rod is designed in the shape of a sphere, cope or cone around which a volume charge of the electric field (counteracting the identical polarity downward leader stroke from the above) is generated that creates a repulsive force changing the leader stroke direction towards the lightning discharger trap located outside the area being protected that initiates an upward charge flow. The top of the grounding conductor is shaped as a cope while the bottom is buried into metal grid. The central electrode is connected to the other vertical and horizontal electrodes having V-shaped tips. The external vertical electrodes are connected to buses forming the circuit of the area being protected. |
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Device for use of electrostatic field energy Suggested device for use of electrostatic field energy includes contact element and grounding circuit with included rectifier bridge that provides use of energy of electrostatic charges generated at surface of materials in result of their natural static-charge accumulation. Suggested device for use of electrostatic field energy can serve both for accumulation of electrostatic field energy and for direct supply of electricity consumers at that providing improved electrostatic safety of environment. |
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Method to use lightning energy and device to this end Lightning electric power is entrapped, drawn off and used with the help of device comprising a set of lightning receivers connected with current tap connected to earth electrode, and lightning power entrapping appliance based on common accumulating capacitor Cacc. Note here that each lightning receiver is made up of posts suspended above surface on metal screen insulators. Current tap is made up of oscillating circuit consisting of two or more channels, i.e. current taps with parallel connection of channels. Current tap channels are made from current conducting stages connected in series in every channel. Every stage consists of thee-link resonance LC-filters connected by common induction line made up of three or more windings of throttle. Bridge rectifier is connected at the output of every stage. Output of bridge rectifiers of first and second channels are interconnected in parallel and connected to common accumulating capacitor Cacc. Positive outputs of bridge rectifiers are connected via rectifier diodes to the plate of common accumulating capacitor Cacc, while negative outputs are connected to another plate of common accumulating capacitor Cacc. Output of common accumulating capacitor Cacc is connected to user hardware. To implement proposed method, lightning discharges are additionally initiated by, for example, laser radiators. |
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Method and device for applying atmospheric electricity Energy of electric field of atmosphere is converted to energy of ascending stream of air ions, ionised stream is supplied to the charge integrator of atmospheric electricity and stored electric energy is transmitted through the key at resonance frequency through the resonance reducing transformer to the consumer. Device for using atmospheric electricity includes vertically installed conductor connected to the earthing device, electric energy pickup element and semiconductor switch. At that, vertically installed conductor is made in the form of active lightning conductor and includes converter of electric field energy to ionised ascending stream of air ions. Pickup element includes charge integrator of atmospheric electricity, which is connected to converter made in the form of controlled pulse switch connected through resonance reducing transformer to load. |
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Instrument for hair care with ionisation device Instrument comprises at least one ionization device for air ionisation, source of high voltage and at least one electric conductor. Electric conductor connects at least one ionisation device to source of high voltage. Besides, free end of conductor is arranged in the form of ionising electrode, comprising at least one sharp tip. At the same time ionising electrode is installed inside tubular ionising chamber. Chamber is arranged as open at one side. At the distance from ionising electrode, there is counter electrode provided, which is installed beyond the limits of ionising chamber. |
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Va kushchenko's exposure powerplant Group of helium-filled spheres lighter than air is introduced in addition. Conductive sphere shells are separated from sphere surfaces by thermal electric insulators connected through distance controlled knife switches to power conductors and to a reactor. And the reactor is mounted on insulators. A water treatment system is connected to a land pump. The land pump is also connected to a control panel, and on a power cable, there are fastened voltage sensors which are connected to corresponding indicators of the control panel connected to power cable raising and lowering system and connection-disconnection lines of radio signals and laser radiation transfer units. And rings (cylinders) are executed in the form of spiral surfaces with peripheral apertures. |
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Device for charges drain from carbohydrates flow Device comprises plastic body, end metal rings, discharge metal strings - electrodes, stator, terminals, input and output metal nozzles, negative terminal of valve asynchronous DC microgenerator, battery of capacitors, rectifier, positive terminal of valve asynchronous self-exciting microgenerator, rheostat, primary motor, flange, pipe (18), step-down transformer (19), contact of dewaxing unit start-up relay (20), control rheostat (21) and relay-contactor control circuit. |
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Device for metallisation of movable elements of structure Flexible electroconductive element is embraced with metal spiral, inner diametre of which equals width of metal braiding. Ends of metal spiral are arranged in the form of hooks and are fixed together with tips of electroconductive element on movable elements of structure. At the same time electroconductive element is rigidly connected to spiral in points of connection to tips. |
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Method for generation of permanent electric energy Invention relates to the field of instrument-making and may find application in design of power supply systems. In order to achieve the result, electric potential is taken off electrodes, one of which is a current conducting capacitance that contacts with natural mineral schungite. At the same time capacitance serves as one of electrodes, and the second electrodes is in contact with water. Method makes it possible to create ecologically pure sources of DC power supply with wide spectrum of application. |
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Antistatic transfer belt for processing of nonwoven materials Device for production of nonwoven material (12) additionally comprises the main layer and conducting material (22), which makes it possible to pickup electrostatic charge. At the same time conducting material preserves required air permeability within specified limits. |
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Invention is related to mining and may be used in underground development of mineral resources deposits, additional stripping of their residual stocks within the limits of mining lease, etc. Method includes arrangement and fixation of mine tunnels in subsoil, and provision of various anthropogenic (physical, chemical and other) actions at rock mass, diversion of energy resource to device that generates energy. Method provides for achievement of technical result due to the fact that energy resource used is represented by energy of mineral resources massif deformations caused by gravitation-tectonic and anthropogenic stresses, and anthropogenic actions are executed through dynamic loads, at the same time device that generates energy is located in mine tunnel of developed massif, besides working surfaces of energy-generating device are oriented perpendicularly to maximum compressive forces. |
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Lightning energy utilisation method Invention refers to environmentally safe renewable electric power engineering. Around metal lightning protector connected to the earth there arranged is a stator toroid-receiver of impact excitation, which is the part of high-Q circuit consisting of stator toroid-receiver, working inductivity and capacitor tuned to frequency, namely of industrial network, which are in-series connected, and energy is taken from the above circuit for standard AC electric motor power with transformer of the current passing in resonance circuit of impact excitation; at that, electric motor is connected to the secondary winding of the current transformer as per the series resonance scheme in which standard power supply voltage of industrial electric motor is maintained automatically, when the voltage in the main circuit is changed, with the control by changing electric capacity of the capacitor, and industrial electric motor is connected to devices of direct mechanical work or energy storage. The circuit that received impact excitation is changed over to the non-operating state in order to eliminate negative aftereffects of the repeated lightning stroke, and the other similar circuit is changed over from the non-operating state to the operating one. Resonance frequency is 50 Hz or 400 Hz or in accordance with specific need. Throughout the height of the lightning protector there installed in lowering direction are several similar lightning energy utilisation devices. |
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Method of atmospheric electricity to electric power conversion Invention refers to instrument engineering and can be used for conversion of natural power sources. The presented effect is ensured by series conversion of electricity particularly stored into high-pressure air system energy by means of to For achievement of a given result in process of accumulation of an to its certain size by means of electrohydraulic gaps. When pressure is attained, energy of the air system is converted to electric power with using a wind power generator. |
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Device and method for influence at vortical structures in turbulent air jet Invention is related to devices for influence at flow of fluid medium. Device for influence at vortical structures in turbulent air jet flowing from air exhaust channel comprises pair of needles installed in close proximity to flow and connected to source of AC voltage for creation of pulsating corona discharge between needles. One needle from pair of needles is oriented in direction along flow, and the other needle - across flow. Method is characterised with influence of pulsating corona discharge at vortical structures in turbulent air jet. |
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Present invention relates to devices for converting telluric energy of the earth's crust into electric current. According to the invention, the telluric current source has battery from two or more electrically connected telluric energy elements. Each telluric energy element consists of electrodes, made from a magnetic permeable alloy with an electroconductive anticorrosion coating, connected to electrodes of insulated wires, connected a single-wire power transmission device, as well as permanent magnet components with protective dielectric covers. Electrodes are in contact with the south pole of one or more permanent magnet components. The single-wire power transmission device is connected to a rectifier. Electrodes, together with the permanent magnet components and partially together with the insulated wire, are dipped into the earth. The global negative bus and the global polar bus of the battery of telluric energy elements are connected to switching devices with external users. |
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Method of static electricity neutralisation in substance flow Invention concerns instrument engineering and can be applied in electrostatic charge tap-off from flow of oil or other liquid hydrocarbons. To achieve effect, three-phase stator is used to create rotating magnetic field and additional stationary electric field between metal inlet pipe and metal discharge hangers. |
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Method of producing constant electric power In compliance with the proposed invention, mineral shungit is used as a natural carbonaceous mineral substance placed in nonconductor vessel and covered by a water layer. Note here that electric potential is picked off two electrodes. The first of them is locked to get in contact with shungit. The surface of the electrode that passes through water layer is insulated, while the second electrode is fixed so that its vertical position can be varied on the water-shungit interface. |
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Device to remove charges from fluid flow Device incorporates plastic casing, end face metal rings, discharge metal strings fastened with the help of springs on the aforesaid end face metal rings. Note that the device comprises also a stator with distributed three-phase winding and DC micro-generator with its positive terminal connected to the discharge metal and its negative terminal connected to the input metal branch pipe. |
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Two-level method of accumulating gas and atmospheric electrical energy Accumulation of electrical energy is achieved using two electrically conducting shell structures with a spherical or some other shape, inside each of which an aerostat is put. The shell structures are put into the atmosphere at two different levels relative the surface of the earth using ropes made from dielectric material and two hoists. The difference in the levels determines the maximum quantity of accumulated electrical energy, and is transmitted along two insulated electrical wires to a capacitor. One of the electrical wires connects the electrically conducting shell structure, held in the upper level, to the capacitor through a fuse, inductance, amperemeter and a single-valve rectifier. A discharger and a capacitor are connected to the fuse. |
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Balloon has an envelope filled with a gas lighter than air and/or with a hot air, a rigid carcass carrying the said envelope, a nacelle, slings to suspend the nacelle and anchor cables. The nacelle is tightly coupled with the envelope and features a funnel-like widening at its top and a central channel along its lengthwise axis to limit air intake into the envelope. The balloon envelope can be made from conducting material to make an electrode in a storage battery intended for utilisation of atmospheric electricity, or can be used as an antenna, or can house a particular antenna for communication purposes. |
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Device for electric power accumulation Lightning arrester is performed as conductor with minimum resistance to atmospheric electricity. Elements for picking-up energy are located near the lightning arrester. At that, element for picking-up energy contains inductance coil, semiconductor element and capacity connected in parallel and creating single electric circuit. Inductance coil and semiconductor element has resistance to current no more than 1 Ohm, and element for picking-up energy is located at distance of 0.1 to 10 m from lightning arrester. |
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Device for levelling electric potentials on electrically driven cattle farms In the region of a cow stall, metallic electrodes are electrically connected to metal structures accessible to animals. The electrodes are made in form of two steel discs for each animal. The first disc-electrode is placed 0.2-0.3 m from the front of the stall to the centre of the disc, while the second is at 1.8-2.1 m from the front of the stall to the centre of the disc. The first disc-electrode has an electrical connection to a metallic construction, with which the animals can come into contact. The second disc-electrode is joined by the same steel bar to an angle steel of a conveyor. The disc-electrodes have thickness of not less 2.5 mm and not more than 3.0 mm and diameter of not less than 3.5 cm and not more than 4.0 cm. |
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Device for removing static electricity, in particular, during processing of polymers Invention may be used for removing the static electricity during polymer processing. The device contains at least one attachment with a shell limiting a supersonic nozzle, a corona discharge needle, and an electric circuit connected to the corona discharge needle. The latter is a surgical needle made of chromium steel, tip (38) of which has a diameter less than 30 micrometres. |
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Electric energy production method In the way of trajectories of vortex structures, micro-particle traps are positioned, skimming or locking shares of energy cluster of micro-particles with their following redirection into electric energy accumulators. Portable traps are made hollow with walls made of metallic mesh, through which a charge is let, analogical to charge of micro-particles. Thus, interaction of charges is created, during which electrostatic field of the trap interacts with a share of energy cluster of micro-particle cluster inside the trap, and locks it. The trap is transported to electric energy accumulators. Stationary traps are made of metallic mesh, which is positioned in mast receivers in form of mobile antennas, stretched between masts or combined in devices which skim cluster micro-particles into electric energy accumulators. |
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The arrangement has a sensitive element fulfilled in the shape of an antenna, an amplifier, a modulator, an intermediate amplifier, a demodulator, a generator, from the first to the fifth integrators, a needle indicator, a commutator, an additional indicator. At that the commutator has a button for starting the arrangement. |
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Method for producing electric energy from ionosphere of earth Stated problem is solved by means of flat-polarized laser beam, produced from gadolinium-scandium-gallium garnet with chromium and neodymium (GSGG-Cr3- - No3-) deprived of divergence, i.e. beam transformed to needle. Laser beam deprived of divergence, acting as conductor of electric charges, passing through ionosphere of earth and being reflected from geo-stationary satellite, produces stable electric current in magneto-hydro-dynamic generator. |
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Method for accumulating atmopsheric electric energy In accordance to invention, aerostat is launched, located inside electro-conductive cover of spherical shape. Cover is held by cable of dielectric material at height of largest amount of atmospheric electric energy. Electric energy accumulated by surface of electro-conductive cover is transformed to capacity accumulator through isolated electric duct, connected to capacity accumulator through protection device with grounded discharger connected to it, inductance, ammeter and rectifier made in accordance to bridge circuit, having grounding and output clamps for connection of capacity accumulator. |
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Method for producing device for lifting static electricity from body of vehicle Method for lifting static electricity from body of vehicle includes making a metallic fastening element, rigidly connecting a current-conductive element in form of metallic wire to it, affixing the fastening element with wire in transfer mold with recess, forming a shape of ribbon with prominent end of current-conductive element. Assembled transfer mold is moved to injection-molding machine with preliminarily heated plasticized polyvinylchloride, which is then poured into transfer mold under pressure and cooled down. |
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Electrostatic charge removing device Proposed electrostatic charge removing device has insulating case accommodating resistor, ground conductor contacting part under investigation, insulating cover that follows shape of butt-end part of case and is attached thereto, and connecting unit attached to conductor loose end; one lead of resistor is connected to ground conductor and other one, to unit contacting part under investigation; case is made in the form of rectangular parallelepiped, cylinder, or prism by pouring insulating material into mold holding resistor placed thereto in advance and connected to device. Cover is provided with additional holes receiving contacts in the form of conducting wires which form unit contacting part being investigated; each of mentioned contacts is installed by its insertion in one of holes provided on external side of cover followed by its drawing and bringing out through adjacent hole of cover on its internal side to ensure interconnection of all contacts on internal side of cover and also its connection to one of resistor leads. |
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Multilayer lightning-protection coating Invention relates to field of manufacturing composite materials for aircraft equipment and may be, in particular, used for protection of aircraft parts and units disposed on fuselage against lightning damage. Coating comprises dielectric and conducting layers. The former is made from cured polymeric epoxide or polyamide matrix and the latter, based on high-strength carbon fibers, is made from two or more single layers of carbon tissue arranged at an angle between -30 and +60° to each other, in interfibrillar space of which polymeric epoxide or polyamide binder with decomposition temperature ≥250°C is inserted. Binder contains uniformly distributed carbon particles of schungite (naturally occurring crystalline carbon substance with fulleroid structure and size 2-10 μm) in amount 5 to 40%. |
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Method of electric protection of gas-turbine plant at repair Invention relates to device used to protect construction members of plants in process of reconditioning. According to invention, to provide protection of gas-turbine plant when repairing by welding of defects, prior to repairing current-carrying rod is fitted in hatch hole of plant compressor inner housing to provide contact of its spherical end with parts of compressor rotor, and by means of clamp and current-carrying element, rod is connected to grounded element of plant stator. In process of welding up defects, for instance of scroll, current-carrying rod thrusting by its spherical end against parts of rotor, for instance, against bushing of compressor rotor, and connected by clamp and current-carrying element with grounded stator or frame, provides equalizing of electric potentials of rotor and stator of gas generator, thus preventing burning through of antifriction bearings in place of electric contact. Current-carrying rod can be coated with layer of soft metal with low specific resistance. |
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Device for energy generation from electric field of atmosphere Proposed device designed for generating electrical energy of desired amount from electric field of atmosphere and for no-break power supply to off-line electrical equipment, such as computerized weather stations and space probes, has electrodes, bearing structure, and atmospheric gas ionizers. Electrodes are spaced along electric field lines of force. Electrodes surrounded by atmosphere are disposed on bearing structure. Outer surface of these electrodes is aligned with atmospheric gas analyzers. Bottom electrode functions as grounding conductor. Load is connected between electrodes spaced along lines of force of atmospheric electric field. In absence of contact between device and the Earth external surface of all electrodes surrounded by atmosphere is physically aligned with atmospheric gas analyzers. Energized current-carrying parts of device are electrically isolated from bearing surface. |
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Proposed busbar is made in form of dielectric longitudinal plate with metal conducting segments secured on its surface at clearance. These segments are interconnected by means of resistive layer. Upper of busbar is provided with metal dielectric coat applied in form of strips covering the surface of segments. Strips bound open surface of segments to minimum transversal sizes ensuring arcing between segment at lightning discharge. |
Another patent 2513103.