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Method of determining energy spectrum of electrons in electron beam Method includes picking up continuous X-ray radiation from a portion of the surface of a solid body bombarded with electrons, measuring characteristics of the continuous X-ray radiation and determining energy distribution in the electron beam based on data on the continuous X-ray radiation; measuring, in any sequence, the energy spectrum of the continuous X-ray radiation of the investigated electron beam and the spectra of the continuous X-ray radiation of single-velocity beams generated in the same system in conditions of negligible electron energy spread in beams; measuring the energy spectra of continuous X-ray radiation for single-velocity electron beams at n discrete electron energy values in said beams; based on data on energy spectra of continuous X-ray radiation for single-velocity electron beams, calculating the kernel function of inverse integral transformation and determining energy distribution of electrons in the investigated beam by performing inverse integral transformation to obtain a kernel to a function which describes the spectrum of X-ray radiation of the investigated electron beam. |
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Device of micrometeorite and space debris part registration Device of micrometeorite and space debris part registration includes substrate in the form of microchannel plate functioning as ion collector as well and connected to high voltage source, and microchannel plate anode is connected to amplifier connected to signal processing unit. |
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Hybrid photosensitive circuit (hpc) Hybrid photosensitive circuit includes a diamond matrix photodetector, indium columns and a silicon multiplexer with sensitive sites arranged thereon in a staggered manner in form of a rectangular matrix and the number of which is equal to the number of indium columns. The matrix photodetector includes a diamond plate and an upper flat electrode lying thereon, as well as lower electrodes of sensitive elements of the matrix photodetector, the number of which is equal to the number of indium columns lying under the diamond plate. On the lower side of the diamond plate there are boron-doped sites arranged in a staggered manner; upper contact surfaces of odd or even lower electrodes are galvanically connected to the lower surface of the diamond plate, and the upper contact surfaces of the odd or even lower electrodes are galvanically connected the boron-doped sites. Lower contact surfaces of lower electrodes are galvanically connected through indium columns to sensitive elements of the silicon multiplexer. |
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Method of measuring the vuv radiation source intensity and device to this end Method of measuring the VUV radiation source intensity in flow ionisation chamber irradiated by said source comprises gating the ionised substance flow through said chamber to measure ionisation current so that VUV radiation flow is calculated from ionisation current and quantum release magnitude. Mix of gas is gated through ionisation chamber, transparent for VUV radiation and with content of ionised substance of 1000 to 10000 ppm at pressure not lower than barometric one. Note here that mix additionally comprises the VUV radiation absorbing component but not ionised hereby, its concentration making 0.5-20.0 vol. %. Proposed device comprises flow ionisation chamber with VUV radiation source to irradiate the chamber inner space, two electrodes to measure ionisation current and branch pipe to feed and discharge ionized substance. Additionally, proposed device comprises cylinder containing the mix of gas transparent for VUV radiation with ionised substance. Its concentration makes 1000 to 10000 ppm at pressure not lower than barometric one. Note also that gas flow fed into ionisation chamber accommodates flow rate regulator and gas flow meter. |
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Hybrid photosensitive circuit (hpc) Hybrid photosensitive circuit comprises: a diamond matrix photodetector (MPD), indium bars and silicon multiplexer sensitive sites. The structure of the MPD includes: an upper planar electrode, to which a bias voltage is applied, a diamond plate and lower electrodes of sensitive elements of the diamond MPD, from which the signal is picked. The lower electrodes are electrically connected through columns with indium arranged in a rectangular matrix with axes X and Y by sensitive elements of the silicon multiplexer. Number of indium columns on each X and Y axes must be at least two. In addition, the photodetector array of diamond in the X and Y has twice the pitch compared to the matrix of the silicon multiplexer, and lower electrodes of the diamond sensitive elements in the MPD are arranged in a staggered manner. The lower electrodes of the diamond sensitive elements of the MPD are connected electrically by indium bars only with odd or even sensitive sites of the silicon multiplexer, however, free sensitive sites of the silicon multiplexer may be used for recording visible and infrared radiations. |
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Apparatus has an aspirating chamber with a power supply, switches, a processing device and a display device, a control device for transmitting an arithmetic shift signal to the display device, an integrator, a voltage comparator and two circuits, each consisting of series-connected capacitor and switch and each of the circuits is connected in parallel to the capacitor of the integrator in the processing device, wherein capacitance of the capacitor in the first circuit is n times greater than that of the capacitor of the integrator of the processing device, and capacitance of the capacitor in the second circuit is n times greater than the sum of capacitances of the integrator and the capacitor in the first circuit, wherein the base of the number system used in the display device is equal to (n+1). The first input of the comparator is connected to the output of the processing device, the second input is connected to a reference voltage source, and its output is connected to the control device, whose additional outputs control the state of the switches. |
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Method of measuring ion concentration and apparatus for realising said method In the method of measuring ion concentration, involving charge accumulation on the capacitor of an aspiration chamber when ions of the analysed gas settle on its collecting electrode over a given period of time and subsequent measurement thereof by detecting a pulse arising at the output of the input device during discharge of the capacitor of the aspiration chamber on its input resistance, based on whose parameters ion concentration is determined, wherein ion concentration is determined from the integral value of that pulse, the novelty lies in that ion concentration is determined from the integral value of that pulse at the moment in time when the magnitude of the pulse satisfies the expression: n · |f(tu) | = |ecm| + |Iin| · R, where n is the measured ion concentration, f(t) is a function which determines the shape of the pulse at the input of the processing device with unit ion concentration, ecm is bias voltage of the integrator in the processing device, lin is the input current of the integrator in the processing device, R is the resistance in the time constant of the integrator in the processing device, tu is the time for detecting the integral of the pulse arising at the output of the input device during discharge of the capacitor of the aspiration chamber. In the apparatus for measuring ion concentration, having an aspiration chamber with a high-voltage power supply, series-connected switch, input device, processing device and indicating device, as well as a control device whose first output is connected to the processing device, the second output is connected to the switch which connects the collecting electrode of the aspiration chamber with the input device, the novelty lies in that it further includes a voltage comparator, the output signal trailing edge of which determines the time for measuring voltage across the output of the processing device using the indicating device, the first input of the comparator is connected to the input of the processing device, the second input is connected to a reference voltage source, the sign of the output voltage - Uon of which matches that of the voltage across the input of the processing device, and its magnitude is determined by the expression: |Uon| = |ecm| + |Iin| · R, and the output of the comparator is connected to the second input of the indicating device. |
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Detecting device and high sensitivity- and high resolution matrix Invention discloses an avalanche amplifying device in which amplification is achieved owing to use of a multilayer, solid-state intelligent amplifier. Disclosed are avalanche amplifying structures (1), having electrodes (2) and (8), an avalanche process region (3), a quantifier (4), an integrator (5), a regulator (6) and a substrate (7), arranged for detecting a weak signals consisting of only a few electrons. The quantifier (4) controls the avalanche process. The integrator (5) accumulates the signal charge. The regulator (6) taps charge from the integrator (5) and controls the quantifier (4). The avalanche amplifying structure (1) comprises: a structure with a normal quantifier, reverse bias; a structure with a normal quantifier, normal bias; a structure with a transverse quantifier, normal bias; a structure with a variable quantifier with normal bias, a control electrode; a structure with a normal quantifier, normal bias, a control electrode; and a structure with a transverse quantifier, normal bias, annular integrator. Furthermore, the avalanche amplifying structure (1) is assembled such that matrices of mutichannel devices are formed. The structures may be directly used in special national defence devices. |
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Ionisation chamber for nuclear reactor control and protection system Invention relates to neutron and gamma-ray detection, mainly neutron detection in nuclear reactor control and protection systems. The ionisation chamber has a partitioned electrode system formed by a set of paired coaxial cylinders, radiators and a housing closed on the butt-ends by flanges, fitted with a pipe for pumping and filling with gas and leads from each electrode. Electrodes of each section are fitted between insulator blocks, each of which is made in form of a metal bushing with insulators inside which are fitted with channels for holding conductors connecting the electrodes. |
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Gas-discharge radiation-to-visible image converter Invention can be applied to vasualise radiation in nondestructive testing of materials and products. Invention implies that gas-discharge radiation-to-visible image converter is designed as hermetic gas-discharge chamber filled with combustible mixture based on inert gas of volume limited with two electrodes, one being transparent and the other being lightproof, and dielectric frame, and also luminophor layer characterised by the fact that between electrodes there is dielectric matrix array preventing release of ultra-violet radiation of localised electric discharge from dimensions of each separate cell, luminophor layer being applied on gas volume turned surface of lightproof electrode. |
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System for reading out information from stream camera Invention pertains to the field of information-measuring and computer technology, and more specifically to systems for gathering data in research in nuclear physics and in elementary particle physics, and can be used for gathering information from stream cameras of coordinate hodoscope detectors with a large area. Directly in each read station of the device for reading out information from a stream camera, there are control circuits for the read stations, which are in the form of an output circuit of the station trigger and a multiplexer for transmission of data through the station, the control input of which connected to the output of the output circuit of the station trigger. In the serial data reading line, there is an extra line for serial reading from the read station triggers, serially connecting the output circuits of the station triggers. |
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System for precision correction and control of charged particle motion Proposed system for precision correction and control of charged particle motion that can be used to implement raster electron microscopy at high resolving power depending on quantum correlation of uncertainty, ion microscopy with resolving power depending on ion energy and mass, transmission electron microscopy and enables development and investigation of pieces measuring up to 10-10 m and has source of charged particles (accelerated ions or electrons); diaphragm; electrostatic valve; charged-particle coordinate and speed recording system; charged particle motion correction system; recorded-signal refining and particle-motion correction signal supply system. Separate particle is extracted from charged particle flow by means of electrostatic valve, then its speed and coordinates are evaluated, electric field required for precision motion correction is calculated, calculated signal is supplied to motion correction system with the result that charged particle occurs at strictly defined point on target. |
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Proposed volume ionization chamber designed for use in X-ray equipment for medicine to diagnose patient's organs, for inspecting engineering processes, and for monitoring environment and can operate at dose rates as low as 10-6 to 10-2 R/min has sealed housing, first and second electrodes made in the form of material characterized in low and high atomic numbers Zlow and Zhigh, respectively, secured on opposite inner surfaces of housing to face one another in ionizing radiation flux; chamber has no external power supply and is provided with insulating gasket of thickness h = 0.05 - 0.2 mm made in the form of stepwise alternating strips, step width being equal to that of strip; this gasket is disposed between electrode and contacts their mating surfaces; chamber also has operational amplifier whose inputs are coupled with respective electrodes; chamber space and openings between gaskets are intercommunicating and are filled with distilled water. |
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Spectrometric ionization chamber Proposed spectrometric ionization chamber that enables measurement of spectrums of more than one alpha-particle sources including calibration source under similar conditions without intermediate charging of these sources into chamber and preparing the latter to operation has cathode made of similar flat rectangular sections symmetrically disposed relative to chamber axis which mount alpha-particle sources; these cathode sections are electrically insulated from each other and electric field of each cathode section fully covers ionization region produced by alpha-particle source mounted thereon. |
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Proposed gas-filled ionization chamber has sealed enclosure that can be used as electromagnetic field shield or as guard electrode in its pulsed or current mode of operation, sealed insulated leads, electrodes, and ceramic insulators. Electrodes are made of equal-length tubes; each electrode is assembled of set of tubes coaxially disposed one within another and joined together at ends by means of jumpers; tubes have notches to receive jumpers of adjacent electrode. |
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Alpha-ray detector has hermetically sealed case filled with working gas and provided with sealing window for charging specimen being analyzed; radiation sensor disposed within case and made in the form of proportional counter; movable specimen holder; power supply and signal conversion unit; novelty is that inner surfaces of case are spaced through distance l apart from active surface of radiation sensor, this distance being chosen from condition l ≥ λtr, where λtr is α-particle track length at maximal energy. Specimen holder is installed between inner surface of case and radiation sensor; it is movable in direction of radiation sensor for recording at desired distance from its active surface, maximal distance of specimen holder from active surface of radiation sensor being chosen to equal s ≥ l + t, where t is size of specimen being analyzed in direction of displacement. In addition, specimen holder can be made so that its dimensions in direction perpendicular to that of displacement are smaller than respective ones of specimen being analyzed. |
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Method for measurement of concentration of ions The method consists in accumulation of a charge on the vessel of the aspiration chamber at settlement of ions of the gas under investigation on its collecting electrode for the preset time period, and subsequent measurement of it by way of registration of the pulse arising at the output of the input device at a discharge of the vessel of the aspiration chamber, the concentration of ions is determined by the value of the integral of this pulse. |
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Gamma-neutron radiation recorder Proposed device has cylindrical ionization chamber with screen, high-voltage power supply, and charge-sensing amplifier. Used as cathode is detector case whose outer surface is coated with insulating material and used as working material is extremely pure xenon held under pressure of 40 - 50 at density of 0.3 - 0.6 g/cm3 and doped with hydrogen in the amount of 0.2 - 0.3% of total content of xenon. Metal screen disposed inside ionization chamber has degree of screening inefficiency σ ˜ 3 - 5%. |
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In detector having body with inlet, emission converter in form of multi-channel mechanical structure, formed by thin plates parallel to each other made of heavy metal foil, and multi-wire proportional chamber, positioned in gas environment, emission converter has at least three groups of plates of metal foil with similar atomic numbers within group, while positioned along ascent of atomic numbers on the side of inlet and separated by plates from each, plates made of light metal foil. |
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Scanning-type radiographic unit (alternatives) Detector case wherein rays occur upon being passed through analyzed object accommodates flat capacitor that has solid anode and cathode assembled of strips, each being connected to respective storage capacitor wherefrom charge is picked off by means of electronic device which makes it possible for proposed unit to operate in integral mode. Detector is also provided with additional insert at ray entry and at the end of beam travel which reduces X-ray radiation loss, sets desired resolution in scanning direction, and reduces requirements to desired vibration level and to adjustment of separate parts of scanning system. |
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Ultraviolet lamp and photoionization gas analyzer built around this lamp Proposed ultraviolet lamp has sealed body filled with gas mixture emitting in vacuum ultraviolet region and device for striking discharge within lamp. Lamp body accommodates heating element designed for heating light outlet window. Photoionization gas analyzer has ionization chamber with pipe union for feeding gas (air) being analyzed, ionization source in the form of ultraviolet lamp, electrodes installed within ionization chamber, and microprocessor used for processing signal being measured and for monitoring gas analyzer in operation. Heating element used for heating lamp window is made in the form of resistor disposed near lamp window or directly on inner surface of window; it also has temperature sensors of which one is disposed on lamp window surface, and temperature sensors are installed outside ionization chamber case. |
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Device for measuring ion composition of gas Device comprises recording unit, housing of the aspiration ionization chamber provided with the inlet insulated device for sucking the ionized composition of gas, measuring device mounted in the housing, and fan. The housing receives a deflecting capacitor. The back wall of the aspiration ionization chamber is made of an insulating material and is undulant and perforated. The measuring device is made of measuring capacitors whose first plates are rectangular perforated electrodes mounted in the hollows of the undulant back wall. The second plates of the capacitors are set in the crests of the undulant back wall. The measuring capacitors and recording device are divided into three sections. The left section is used for recording negatively charged ions, the central section is used for recording total ionization, and the right section is used for recording positively charged ions. |
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Chamber has case filled with gas and provided with window for ionizing radiation. Three electrodes are disposed in the case; all the electrodes are insulated from each other and put alternatively to have spaces. Two of three electrodes are collecting ones and they have zero potential and the third electrode is high-voltage electrode. There are several groups of collecting and high-voltage electrodes disposed inside the case. The electrodes are made in form of disks in such a manner that two groups of electrodes being closest to each other have one common collecting electrode. Each group of electrodes has group of transmitting lines connected correspondingly. High-voltage conductors of transmission lines of each group are connected with high-voltage electrode, and zero potential conductors are connected with adjacent collecting electrodes. Free ends of all transmission lines are connected with collector. Ratio of n=(M-1d)/(120 l)ρ and condition of n<=πd/h+l are satisfied, where n is number of transmission lines, M is number of electrodes, d is diameter of electrode, l is distance between adjacent electrodes, h i s thickness of electrode, ρ is wave resistance of single transmission line. |
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Broadband x-ray radiation detector Proposed detector has gas-filled housing, entrance window, radiation converter in the form of multichannel mechanical structure formed by parallel heavy-metal foil plates, and multiwire proportional chamber; disposed in front of radiation converter is X-ray quanta absorbing area separated from converter by light-metal foil plate arranged in parallel with radiation converter plates, drift electrode being disposed in this area. |
Another patent 2528660.