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Electrolyser for aluminium production Partitions and/or grids, and/or aluminium-moistened open-pore cellular structures from material lass electrically conductive than aluminium are placed under each anode on the bottom surface, perpendicular and/or at angle 45-90° to bottom plane, perpendicular and/or at angle 45-90° to longitudinal axis of cathode rods, which completely of partially prevent horizontal components of cathode current from flowing in aluminium layer. |
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Method involves immersing mounted samples of silicon carbide blocks into an electrolyte at aluminium electrolysis temperature and bubbling the electrolyte with carbon dioxide, air or a mixture thereof, moving the samples and comparing the obtained samples with the original samples. After immersion, the samples are held in the electrolyte which is in contact with aluminium at electrolysis temperature, with the controlled area of the sample in the electrolyte. The samples are then raised and held with the controlled area of the sample in a gas phase for not more than 20 minutes. The samples are then moved in the vertical plane while alternately holding the controlled area in the electrolyte and in the gas phase for not more than 10 minutes and the degree of wear thereof is determined from change in the volume of the samples. |
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Method for manufacturing combined bottom blocks Method involves introduction of carbon-bearing substrate material to a mould and application onto it of a layer of composite heat-resistant material containing metal boride, sealing of the contents of the mould in the form of a cathode block and annealing of the cathode block; as material of carbon-bearing substrate and the layer of composite heat-resistant material there used are materials having close coefficients of thermal linear expansion and values of sodium expansion and the following particle size distribution: content of fractions in carbon-bearing substrate (-10+0.071) mm - 76±10 wt % and (-0.071+0) mm - 24±10 wt %, content of fractions in the layer of composite heat-resistant material (-10+0.071) mm - 50±30 wt % and (-0.071+0) mm - 30±50 wt %; with that, material of the carbon-bearing substrate is added to a mould pre-heated to the material temperature. The composite heat-resistant material layer in a sealed state is maximum 8.0% of height of the cathode block and contains 20.0-80.0 wt % of metal diboride. Sealing of the cathode block is performed by vibration moulding, and annealing is performed at 1100°C during 5 hours. |
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Cathode section of aluminium electrolyser Invention relates to a design of a cathode section of an aluminium electrolyser. The cathode section includes a cathode carbon unit, a cathode current-carrying rod with an electrically conducting part from material with high specific electric conductivity, which is installed in an internal cavity of the cathode carbon unit and fixed in it by means of a cast iron cast. The electrically conducting part of the rod is made in the form of an insert of individual elements attached to each other with a gap, which is installed on one or more outer surfaces of the cathode current-carrying rod through a cast iron casting layer. The individual elements of the insert can be of round or rectangular shape or any other type of cross section. Inserts can be installed throughout the length from 10% to 100% of length of the cathode current-carrying rod. |
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Electrolytic cell for production of aluminium On hearth surface placed are baffles and/or grates, and/or open-pore cellular structures wetted by aluminium made of material with lower electric conductivity compared with that of aluminium perpendicular and/or at 45°-90° to heart surface, perpendicular and/or at 45°-90° to lengthwise axis of cathode rods preventing partially or completely the flow of horizontal components of cathode currents in aluminium layer along the hearth. Electrolytic cell can operate with consumable or nonconsumable anodes, that is, "inert" anodes. |
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Electrolysis unit for aluminium manufacture Electrolysis unit includes a cathode device containing a bath provided with a coal bottom and composed of coal blocks enclosed in a metal housing, with refractory and heat-insulating materials arranged between the metal housing, an anode assembly containing coal anodes connected to anode sludge, arranged in upper part of the bath and submerged into molten electrolyte; at the coal bottom, under each of the anodes there located are floats with higher specific electric conductivity in comparison to that of electrolyte, stable to destruction in cryolite-alumina melts and liquid aluminium; with that, upper surface of the float projects above the level of cathode aluminium and the floats can be moved and/or replaced to reduce inter-pole gap between anode and cathode. The floats are made from carbon, or from silicon carbide, or from a mixture of titanium diboride and carbon based on high-temperature binding substance and are covered with titanium diboride. Upper surface of the float is flat, or convex, or concave, or inclined to horizon and has capillaries and/or channels, and/or planes attaching the upper surface of a pedestal to cathode metal. |
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Composites for wet cathodes and their use in aluminium production Composite has composition defined by formula (C-N-B-MR)x(Al-MR)y(R)z, where MR is one or several carbides, nitrides or borides of one or more heat-resiatant metals of IV, V, VI groups, C-N-B-MR is one or several carbides, nitrides or borides of one or more heat-resistant metals of IV, V or VI groups, Al-MR is one or several aluminides of one or several aforesaid heat-resistant metals. Note here that if MR=Nb, Ta, Hf, Zr, Ti, V, then Al-MR=Al3MR; is MR-W, Cr, then Al-MR=Al4MR; if MR=Mo, then Al-MR=Al8Mo3 or Al17Mo4. Note here that the condition should be satisfied whereat if C-N-B-MR=TiB2, Al-MR is not Al3Ti; R is residual component other than carbon containing one or several phases from Al4C3, AlN, AlB2, Al1·67B22, MRtAlu(C-N-B)v, where t, u, v are numbers larger than or equl to zeto; x, y, z are volume fractions of appropriate components. Note here that x>y; x+y>0.5; x+y+z=1 and 0.01<y<0.5. |
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Cathode of electrolytic cell for production of aluminium and method of its repair Proposed cathode comprises jacket and lining with base made of heat-insulation and refractory materials, side lining, bottom of hearth sections with cathode rods and cathode downleads. The latter are made from the stack of flexible aluminium tapes, contact plate and steel adapter to be welded as-assembled to cathode rod and plugged to cathode bus. Cathode downleads are assembled in installing the lining by welding them to cathode rods and bolting downlead contact plates to the bracket. After disassembly of side lining, cathode rods with their downleads are extracted from cathode jacket, cleaned and transferred to cutting bay. Cutting is performed along the line or in zone of joint between rod and downlead metal adapter. After skinning the metal adapter end, cathode downlead is transferred for reassembly. |
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Cathode device for aluminium electrolytic cell with embossed hearth Cathode device of an aluminium electrolytic cell with an embossed hearth contains a lined cathode shell ad a hearth composed of higher bottom blocks with projections and lower bottom blocks. The lower bottom blocks are installed at the cathode device hearth butt ends. The lower bottom blocks alternate with higher bottom blocks with projections or are installed in the projection centre of the electrolytic cell anode array, with at least two higher bottom blocks with projections, alternating with lower bottom blocks, installed at the both ends of the electrolytic cell anode array. The bottom block projection height is equal to 0.1÷0.6 of that of the smaller bottom block. The top parts of higher bottom blocks have level edges. The bottom blocks projections are made of a refractory non-carbon material, resistant to hot melt effect. |
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Method of producing metal by molten-salt electrolysis Method for electrolytic production of metal in an electrolysis cell, having a cathode, an anode and collectors of impurities dissolved in the electrolyte, involves passing cathodic current through the cathode to obtain metal at the cathode and deposit impurities on the collector. The collector, which is placed between the anode the cathode, is a bipolar porous collector electrode which is a cellular matrix which is inert to the metal deposited at the cathode and the electrolyte. The bipolar porous collector electrode is in form of an open porous structure having internal pores or capillaries, or channels, or cavities, which are particularly V-shaped and/or W-shaped and/or S-shaped and are filled with the metal which is deposited at the cathode. The method employs a bipolar porous collector electrode, wherein the internal pores or capillaries, or channels or cavities are wettable by metal, and have dimensions, particularly diameter and length, which are sufficient for them to hold the metal and prevent spontaneous flow of metal from them due to surface tension forces of the metal. |
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Cathode device of aluminium electrolyser Cathode device of aluminium electrolyser includes housing, bottom blocks with cathode rods, refractory casing under bottom blocks, side refractory, insert blocks from carbide-silicon material mounted close to side refractory. From above the side refractory is equipped with flange sheet mounted horizontally, between the upper surface of insert carbide-silicon block and flange sheet there is combined fire-resisting insert that is equipped with filling material and fire-resisting dielectric elements, the height of the insert is equal to 0.10-0.20 of insert block height. |
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Doped sintered article based on zircon and zirconium dioxide Invention relates to sintered articles made from zircon and zirconium dioxide for use in a glass-melting furnace, particularly in articles used as supporting blocks for electrodes, or in an electrolysis cell in contact with molten cryolite. The initial load for producing the articles contains 5-50% zircon and has the average chemical composition given below, in wt % based on oxides with sum total of 100%: silicon dioxide SiO2 and zirconium dioxide, where content of zirconium dioxide ZrO2 is at least 75%, 0.2-6% dopant selected from Nb2O5, Ta2O5 and mixtures thereof, possibly a stabiliser selected from Y2O3, MgO, CaO, CeO2 and mixtures thereof in amount of 6% or less, 'other oxides' in amount of 6.7% or less. Components are formed from the initial charge and then sintered to obtain articles. |
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Electrolysis unit for aluminium manufacture Electrolysis unit consists of the following: cathode device including pit with carbon bottom, the pit is formed by carbon blocks enclosed in metallic casing with flame proof and heat-insulating materials arranged between metallic casing and carbon blocks; anode device including carbon anodes connected to anode bus, the anodes are arranged in upper part of bath and absorbed in fused electrolyte; and point feeding system (PFS) including punch pin for electrolytic crust and alumina feeder. On carbon bottom under each PFS feeder there are units installed resistant to destruction in cryolite-alumina melt and molten aluminium. Upper base of unit is located at level and above level of molten aluminium not exceeding 2 cm. Units may be made from carbon or from silicon carbide, or from mixture of titanium diboride and aluminium oxide on high-temperature connection. Inserts from heavy material, such as cast iron, may be mounted inside units. Relation of squares of upper and lower bases of units changes from 1:1 to 1:2. Square value of upper basis of unit is chosen considering quantity of alumina loaded by dosemeter - from 30 to 80% - falling on it. Units may be covered by titanium diboride. Upper basis of units may be flat or convex, or inbent. |
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Electrolysis unit bottom for obtaining aluminium Invention refers to metallurgy, and namely to devices used during aluminium manufacture with electrolytic method. Electrolysis unit bottom for obtaining of aluminium includes bottom units with slots, current-carrying bars, inter-unit connection in the form of refractory elements from silicone carbide, which are connected by means of inter-unit pulley from bottom mass and having the length equal to length of bottom unit, and the height equal to 0.35-1 of height of inter-unit joint. |
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Electrolysis unit for aluminium manufacture Invention refers to design of electrolysis unit for aluminium manufacture. Electrolysis unit includes cathode device - bath lined with carbon blocks, molten aluminium layer arranged at carbon bottom and serving as cathode, which is connected to cathode bus, and pre-baked carbon anodes connected to anode bus, which are arranged in upper part of bath and submerged into molten electrolyte. Inside electrolysis unit bath there located are bipolar electrodes parallel to its longitudinal axis, between carbon bottom and baked anodes, under each of baked anodes. Electrodes are located at distance of 1-3 cm from surface of molten aluminium providing free removal of gas bubbles and minimum excitation of molten electrolyte surface and are made from low consumable materials in molten layers. Electrodes are arranged on skids from refractory electrically non-conducting material, for example silicone carbide, which are fixed at bath bottom. Active cathode surface of bipolar electrode faces lower surface of baked carbon anode. Active anodic surface of bipolar electrode faces surface of molten aluminium. Surface area of bipolar electrode is not less than surface area of lower surface of baked carbon anode. |
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Electrolyser for aluminium production provided with voltage drop decreasing means Invention relates to electrolyser for production of aluminium. Proposed electrolyser comprises, at least, one current conducting rod made from first metal and, at least, one additional rod made from second metal with higher specific conductance compared with first metal and arranged nearby one of side surfaces of current conducting rod so that outer end of additional rod is located at preset distance from preset face surface of the unit. Second end terminates, preferably, to limit heat losses from said electrolyser. |
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Manufacturing method of cathode of vertical electrolysis unit for aluminium manufacture For formation of cathode there used is the mixture containing titanium diboride powder, carbon-containing filler, carbon-containing binding agent and boron-containing additive, namely boron oxide or boric acid in amount of 1-7 parts by weight at titanium diboride content of not more than 60 parts by weight. For cathode manufacture the mixture is compacted under pressure of 1-2 t/cm2, dried, hardened at 200°C and calcined at 700-1200°C in reducing or inert medium. |
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Electrolysis bath for production of alluminium Bath consists of jacket, of at least one cathode unit located at least partially in jacket, of at least one anode suspended above bath and immersed into upper part of electrolysis bath, and of insulation covering at least partially internal surface of jacket. Insulation is installed between the cathode unit and the jacket and is made at least partially out of blocks on base of carbon of heat conductivity below 1 Wt/m/K, preferably, below 0.3 Wt/m/K. The jacket and elements enclosed in it restrict a crucible receiving electrolysis melt in contact with the cathode unit. The blocks on base of carbon have density within ranges of 0.03 and 0.08 g/cm3, preferably, within ranges 0.1 and 0.6 g/cm3. |
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Material of moistened cathode of aluminium electrolyser Material of moistened cathode of aluminium electrolyser consists of refractory compound of titanium boride and non-organic binding on base of high dispersed aluminium oxide moistened with liquid aluminium. Also, contents of titanium boride in finished material are not less 30 wt %. As binding on base of high dispersed aluminium oxide there is used "Al-corit-98" at amount of 10 wt %. It additionally contains electro-conducting powders of graphite or copper, or iron. |
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Wettable cathode material for aluminium electrolysis cell Wettable cathode material for an aluminium electrolysis cell consists of titanium diboride wettable by liquid aluminium and binder - saturated solution of a hexa-hydrate of aluminium trichloride with ratio of titanium diboride to binder between 1:50 and 1:15. |
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Cathodes for aluminium electrolytic cells with groove of nonplanar configuration Cathode for an aluminium electrolytic cell consists of cathode blocks and lead rods attached thereto with the grooves receiving the lead rods in these cathodes having the greater depth in the centre than at both peripheries of the cathode block. Besides the thickness of the lead rod is greater in the centre than at both peripheries of the cathode block. Also there are described methods for making a cathode and electrolytic cell with said cathode. |
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Cathode assembly of aluminium electrolysis cell Cathode assembly of an aluminium electrolysis cell has a bottom made from bottom blocks with cathode rods. The cathode rods, which have a rectangular cross-section, have an electrodeposited copper coating which has a varying cross-section on the length, with increase in thickness of the coating from the periphery to the opposite end and coating of the blind end. |
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Procedure for protection of cathode unit of aluminium electrolyser Procedure for protection of cathode unit of aluminium electrolyser consists in application of coating on carbon sole blocks. Upper surface of carbon sole blocks is preliminary impregnated with water solutions of pure salts of aluminium or with mixture of aluminium salts with sodium salts and conditioned during 20-30 minutes. Also graphite blocks impregnation and drying is alternated 2-4 times to increase depth of impregnation and to reduce cross section of pores. |
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Method of protecting cathode assembly of aluminium electrolysis cell Method involves deposition of a coating on coal-graphite blocks, where the said coating is molten silicon which is deposited through plasma sputtering at the bottom and sides of the coal-graphite blocks and has thickness of not more than 2 mm. |
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Sintered refractory block based on silicon carbide with silicon nitride binder Invention relates to refractory articles and can be used particularly in making containers for producing aluminium through electrolysis. The sintered refractory block based on silicon carbide (SiC) with silicon nitride binder (Si3N4) in mass ratio Si3N4/SiC equal to 0.05-0.45 contains 0.05-1.5 wt % boron. Boron is added to the raw mixture in form of an oxide, carbide, nitride, fluoride or alloy with a metal, preferably in form of B4C or CaB6. When realising the method, a load which contains silicon carbide and a boron compound is moulded, dried in air and roasted at 1100-1700°C in a nitrogen atmosphere. |
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Current feed bus comprises ends or sections, one or several ends or sections, extending beyond electrode body in operation, and one or several ends or sections sitting in operation inside electrode body. Said ends or sections represent one or several, in fact, horizontal conical elements. Maximum horizontal cross section of each of the latter is located inside electrode body so that, after displacement of said elements along axis in one or several conical orifices in electrode body, said elements are inserted and held therein. Note here that said conical elements inserted into electrode body are made from steel or represent a copper core coated with steel and have one or several, in fact, horizontal cylindrical or conical slots with maximum horizontal cross section of each of the latter. Note also that, on moving copper guides in, aforesaid elements get connected with said guides and can be disconnected therefrom. Proposed invention covers also electrode body. |
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Cathodes for aluminium electrolytic cells with foam graphite lining Cathode comprises coal or graphite cathode block with slot for current-collecting rod fixed to this block, besides slot of cathode that contains current-collecting rod, is partially or fully lined with foam graphite lining. Method is also described for manufacturing of such cathode, as well as aluminium electrolytic cell equipped with such cathode. |
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Casing method of cathode device of electrolytic cell for receiving of aluminium Casing method includes bitstone of heat-insulating layer into casing of cathode device, erection of fireproof layer, installation of bottom and side blocks with following sealing of joints between them by cold-tamped bottom mass. During charging of heat-insulating layer it is used nongraphitic carbon or powder of silica-alumina or aluminous composition pre-mixed with nongraphitic carbon. Formation of fireproof layer is implemented by charging of powder of silica-alumina composition and its sealing by vibration compaction up to receiving of apparent porosity of fireproof layer not more than 17%. It is used powder of silica-alumina or aluminous composition from 20 up to 80% of total mass of heat-insulating layer and not less than for 70% consisting of particles of dimensions less than 0.040 mm and with thermal-conductivity coefficient not more than 0.18 Wt/mK. In the capacity of nongraphitic carbon there are used smoke black, brown coal char. In the capacity of aluminous composition it can be used argil, 60-70% of which consists of particles of dimensions less than 0.1 mm. In the capacity of aluminous composition it can be used chamotte powder with content of aluminium oxide 27-34%. |
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Method consists in charging items out carbon materials, in graphitizing to their acquiring specified degree of graphitising, in cooling in furnace and in graphite unloading. Items charging is carried out continuously or periodically in form of fractions (-15+4) mm. Graphitising is performed in electric arc at temperature 2600-3000°C. Duration from charging to unloading of graphite is not more, than 60 hours. Ashes of burned anodes or reversed burned anodes, or reversed burned electrodes for metallurgic furnaces, or mixture of ashes of burned anodes and reversed burned anodes at ratio 1:1-2:1, or mixture of ashes of burned anodes and reversed burned electrodes for metallurgic furnaces at ratio 1:1-2:1 are used as items out of carbon materials. |
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Cathode assembly of aluminium electrolytic cell Invention relates to nonferrous metallurgy, particularly relates to structure of cathode assembly of aluminium electrolytic cell and can be used at designing of new and reconstruction of operating electrolytic cells. Cathode assembly of aluminium electrolytic cell, containing - casing, coal baked in the hearth blocks, fixed in block by baked in the hearth mass current-carrying components and refractory plates, located under coal baked in the hearth blocks, current-carrying components are implemented in the form of packet of aluminium foil, located under each coal baked in the hearth block by all its surface, herewith coal baked in the hearth blocks are implemented as solid without bottom clearance. |
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Fixation method of cooling fins on cathodic casing of aluminium electrolyser Fixation method of cooling fin on cathode casing of aluminium electrolyser, containing lining from within metallic bath with longitudinal and butt walls and bottom, installed inside rigid frame, formed by force-summing elements, includes fixation on butt walls of metallic bath of cooling fins. On longitudinal and butt walls of metallic bath there are fixed cooling fins, implemented from material with high heat conductivity factor. Fixation is implemented at heating of basis of cooling fins up to temperature and plastic deformation and connection to walls of metallic bath through pressure-exerting element with ability of detachment of cooling fins from walls of metallic bath. |
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Cold-padded baked in furnace mass Invention relates to non-ferrous metallurgy field, particularly it concerns to manufacturing of carbon-base materials used for brickwork of bottom of electrolytic cell. Cold-padded baked in the hearth mass contains electro-calcined anthracite, liquid carbonic binding agent, plasticiser and special addition, liquid carbonic binding agent allows following content, wt %: coal-tar asphalt 53.3-61.7, stripping oil 37.8-43.7, antioxidative addition 0.5-3.0. In the capacity of antioxidative addition it is used boron nitride. |
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Composite material for moistened cathode of aluminium electrolytic cell Composite material for moistened cathode of aluminium electrolytic cell relates to field of non-ferrous metallurgy and, particularly to production techniques of aluminium by method of electrolysis of cryolite-aluminous melts. Composite material consists of moistened by liquid aluminium high-melting compound - titanium boride and binding agent, where in the capacity of binding agent it is used high-aluminous cement, herewith correlation of components of titanium boride: cement is selected 9:1. |
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Invention relates to secondary covering of cells Soderberg cells for aluminium manufacturing. Protective composition for secondary covering of cell allows following composition, wt %: fluorine-apatite concentrate 80-95, Al(PO3)3 - the rest. Composition material for secondary covering of cell contains basis layer, implemented from perforated steel; and at least one layer of mentioned protective composition. Manufacturing method of composite material for secondary covering of cell includes receiving of suspension, containing following components, wt %: Al(H2PO4)3 - 5-30, fluorine-apatite concentrate - 50-65 and water - the rest, its application on the basis layer, implemented of perforate steel, and heat processing implementation at 100-150°C with receiving of composite material, herewith suspension is applied on layer of basis in the form of layer with thickness, equal or exceeding height of perforation teeth, on surface of composite material after suspension it is additionally applied layer of material, not prohibiting water evaporation, for instance, paper layer. It is provided life cycle increasing of secondary covering of cell by means of chemical stability increasing against effect of aggressive gaseous mediums in the temperature range from -20 up to +750°C. |
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Stabilisers for cathode cell elements containing titanium deboride Cathodes have stabilised surface incorporating mixture of carbon material, TiB2 and up to 25 wt % of fine additive being comprised of a mixture from two homogeneously mixed up compositions. The produced mixture is then transferred into the component of electrolytic cell, where the melting point of at least one additive composition is higher than the temperature of electrolytic cell component thermal treatment. If such electrolytic cell component contacts melted aluminium, the latter interacts with the additive and creates dense phase on the surface of electrolytic cell component. The above-mentioned dense phase has low solubility in aluminium. |
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Method of producing cold packed hearth mass Invention refers to non-ferrous metallurgy, particularly to production of carbonic materials used for lining of hearth of electrolyser. The method consists in preparation of carbonic charge, and in mixing carbonic charge with a special additive, plastisiser and adhesion agent. Carbonic charge is prepared of continuous granulometric composition with maximum size of carbon grain not more, than 8 mm. Contents of fractions is determined inside the regions limited with curves graphed on boundary values of fraction contents, mm/wt %: There are evaluated optimum parameters of preparation and mixing of carbonic charge. As carbonic charge mixture of electro-calcinated anthracite and artificial graphite is used. |
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Electrolytic cell and structural elements implemented therein Present invention refers to elements of electrolytic cell for aluminium production, particularly to facility made in form of one or several structural elements (3) arranged in inside coating of electrolytic cell and having channels (2) formed directly in element and corresponding to integral part of element(s); also channels (2) are designed for letting through flow of corresponding medium and for facilitating active control over thickness of side protective layer (10) and over heat transfer through interior coating of electrolytic cell; said channels are connected to exterior circuit (8,16,17). The invention also refers to various specific improvements of the structure and to recommendations on the selection of corresponding materials for fabricating the inside coating of side surfaces which is supposed to be installed in already existing electrolytic cells; also the invention refers to development and production of the said material. |
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Tamped paste of high swelling ability for aluminium electrolytic cell Invention concerns tamped paste for filling of peripheral seams of aluminium receiving electrolytic cell cathodes. Cool-tamped paste of high swelling ability is prepared from mixture of pitch, light oily thinner and filler, including mixture of anthracite with grinded anodic stubs or burnt coke. Presence of grinded anodic stubs or burnt coke increases swelling ability of paste at the expense of sodium absorption almost four times more against usual sealing pastes. Cool-tamped paste also can contains hard fireproofing substance, such as TiB2. Invention also concerns method of cool-tamped paste manufacturing, manufacturing method of cathode brickwork. |
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Method of producing and maintaining of protective wettable cover on carbon blocks of cathode assembly of electrolytic tank for aluminium production includes supply of boron containing compounds into electrolytic tank at amount, which ensures contents of boron in liquid aluminium 0.0040-0.0100 wt % for interaction of boron containing compounds with high melting metals and/or with their compounds fed into bath of electrolytic tank, and/or containing in composition of carbon blocks with formation of cover, containing borides of high melting metals; while wettable protective cover is produced and maintained at working condition in process of electrolysis due to interaction of boron adsorbing on carbon blocks with high melting metals and/or their compounds; at that high melting metals are introduced at amount of 5-30 wt % into composition of carbon charge at fabricating of blocks in form of powders for example titanium, zirconium, tungsten and vanadium. Following characteristics are obtained: power efficiency 94-96%, power consumption 12850-13000 kilowatt hour/t, working voltage -3.85-4.0 V, anode density of current 0.99 a/cm2. |
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Method of cathode device preparation prior to aluminium electrolytic cell sintering Method of cathode device preparation prior to aluminium electrolytic cell sintering includes installation of metal casing, shaping of fire resistant base, with further mounting of bottom sections and lateral lining, seams filling with carbon mass, at that prior to mounting of bottom sections and lateral lining, fire resistant base is heated in its whole volume up to temperature of at least 100°C until free moisture is completely removed from the whole volume of fire resistant base, at that heating of fire resistant base is either performed from the bottom via bottom of metal casing or from the top, or simultaneously from the bottom via metal casing and from the top. |
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Cathode shell of aluminium electrolytic cell Invention relates to electrolytic production of aluminium, namely, to design components of aluminium electrolytic cells. The cathode shell bath consists of longitudinal and end walls tied with one another using the bottom. The metallic bath is installed inside of a rigid frame formed by ribs. The longitudinal walls of the bath have windows for leading cathode rods out. The distance from the centre of no more than 6 outermost windows for leading cathode rods out to the cathode shell wall, in the direction of the closest end wall, is 0.55-0.8 of the width of the windows for leading cathode rods out in the central part of the longitudinal wall. |
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Cathodic cell casing for aluminium processing Cathodic casing of aluminium cell includes fettled inside the metallic bath with longitudinal walls and with windows for blooms, butt walls, bottom and flange, installed inside of rigid frame, generated with longitudinal all-welded ribs. On the longitudinal walls of the metallic bath of cathodic casing between the ribs it is installed 1 to 10 vertical steel cooling flippers. The length of the vertical flippers is 0.2-1.0, and breadth 0.05-0.4 of distance from the upper part of the window bloom till the flange. The vertical cooling flippers are installed on the longitudinal walls of the metallic bath the way, that the lower par of the flipper is situated from the upper part of window blooms at the distance not exceeding 0.6 distance from upper part of the window for bloom till the lower part of the flange, and the upper part of the flipper is situated from the lower part of the flange at the distance not exceeding 0.8, of distance from the upper part of the window bloom till the flange. |
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Method for cooling electrolysis bath for aluminium production Invention relates to method for cooling an electrolyser used for aluminium production by fused electrolysis, which implies generating droplets of coolant fluid or dispersion thereof, preferably in a closed space, when at least one wall of electrolysis bath shell is in contact with a particular surface, so as to provide for evaporation of the said droplets while in contact with the said surface and to provide for heat removal from the said surface. Invention also relates to the cooling system for the said cooling method. |
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Cathode device includes lined cathode jacket resting upon foundation through intermediate sporting frame having separate sections. On ends of boundary sections there are at least four supporting lands; said boundary sections are mounted with possibility of contact of supporting lands with foundation. Mean section is rigidly secured to cathode jacket and it is in the form of separate beams. |
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Cathode device of aluminum cell Apparatus includes metallic bath with bottom and reinforcing members embracing walls and bottom of bath and forming cathode jacket. Inside cathode jacket there are lining and cathode blocks with cathode rods forming cathode of cell. To lengthwise and end walls of metallic bath between reinforcing members plate-type ribs made of material with high heat conductance are secured. Surface area of one plate-type rib is in range 0.03 - 0.3 m2. Plate-type ribs are secured to metallic bath by means of bimetallic adapters such as aluminum-steel or copper-steel with use of explosion welding. Steel part of bimetallic adapter is welded to walls of metallic bath and plate type ribs made of aluminum or aluminum alloy or of copper or copper alloy are welded to aluminum or copper part respectively. In upper part of reinforcing members rotary flaps are mounted for controlling heat radiation from bath walls. Between reinforcing members there is device such as fan or blower for positively cooling plate -type ribs. |
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Cathode device of cell for production of aluminum by electrolysis Cathode device includes casing, cathode blocks with cathode rods, lining under cathode blocks. Said lining includes layer of smoothing bulk material, two horizontal layers of refractory material and one or two horizontal layers of heat insulation material. Board lining is arranged along perimeter of cathode casing between cathode blocks and lower portion of casing walls. Board lining includes heat insulation and refractory materials embracing cathode casing inside at level consisting of 0.5 - 0.65 and 0.7 - 0.8 of height of cathode block respectively. Board lining is arranged along upper portion of walls of cathode casing and it includes parts mutually joined with adhesive or cementing composition (namely plates of non-metallic refractory compounds and inserted blocks of carbon-containing materials or non-metallic refractory compounds) mounted by acute angle relative to horizontal axis of cell. Peripheral seams with thickness consisting of 0.1 - 0.3 of height of cathode block are formed at the same level with cathode blocks. In upper portion of lateral there is layer of refractory material having high heat conductance and improved resistance against oxidation. Plates of board lining of non-metallic compounds are made of silicon carbide material or carbon -containing or carbon-containing with additive of silicon carbide material or carbon-containing materials with additive of silicon carbide in range 3 - 5% having higher resistance against oxidation of air oxygen and abrasive wear. Thickness of peripheral seams made of carbon-containing filling mass consists of 0.1 - 0.3 of height of cathode block. In upper part of board lining just between lower part of flange unit and upper surface of plates of board lining there is layer of refractory material of high heat conductance and improved resistance against oxidation. Height of such layer consists 0.1 - 0.2 of height of cathode block. |
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Cathode casing of aluminum cell Cathode casing includes lengthwise and end walls, bottom, support rings embracing walls and bottom and mounted at pitch along length of casing. Lengthwise box cross section beams are mounted in upper part of support rings; said beams are spaced by distance 20 - 300 mm from lengthwise walls of cathode casing and they are rigidly secured to said rings by welding or by means of bolt joint. Arrangement of box cross-section lengthwise beams in upper part of support rings that are spaced from cathode casing walls allows increase useful life period of aluminum cell. |
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Cathode section of aluminum cell mounting method Method comprises steps of arranging electric current supply metallic rod in groove of carbon unit on layer of electrically conducting yielding material solidified at mounting process; then filling gap between lateral walls of groove and surface of metallic rod till height consisting of 0.6 - 0.9 of rod height with carbon containing electric-contact plastic mass and filling remaining portion of said gap with refractory gas -impermeable paste and providing solidification of said paste. Mounting process of cathode sections according to invention allows provide high quality and reproducibility of reliable electro-mechanical contact of system "hearth unit - electric current supply rod", integrity of cathode units and hearth during operation. |
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Cathode jacket of aluminum cell cooling apparatus Heat exchange units in the form of casing type heat removing members are placed onto lateral walls of metallic cathode jacket. Heat removing members are welded along contour onto lateral wall of metallic cathode jacket of aluminum cell between rings, they are parts of closed liquid circuit and are provided with regulation valves. Heat transfer agent heated in casing type heat removing members is transported by means of circulation pump along said closed liquid circuit to cooling system where it is cooled, and then cooled heat transfer agent is returned to casing type heat removing members. Eutectic azeotropic mixture of diphenyl (26.5%) and diphenyl ether (73.5%) known as "dauterm A" is used as heat transfer agent in closed liquid circuit. System for cooling heat transfer agent is in the form of radiator connected with centrifugal fan and provided with air flow-rate regulator. |
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Lining of cathode device of cell for producing primary aluminum Lining of cathode part of aluminum cell includes hearth sections, refractory and heat insulation layers from powder material. Refractory layer includes at least three components, namely: alumo-silicate powder, carbon containing powder and anti-dust additive. Carbon-containing powder includes components of non-graphitized and unaffected to homogenous thermal graphitization kinds of carbon with strong cross links and with daily average value of saturation speed with sodium vapor no more than 3 x 103 % per hour. |
Another patent 2513822.